all of which 不能用作非限制性which 定语从句句吗?

限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别和翻译技巧
限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别和翻译技巧
which引导非限制性定从
that引导限制性定从
定语从句中只用that不用which的几种情况:
1.先行词被形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
2.先行词既是人又是物时
3.先行词被the only,the very,the last,the right等修饰时
4.先行词被不定代词,如all,something,anything,nothing或little,few等修饰时
5.先行词用作be的表语时
如:He is not the man that he was.
以上情况下只能用that。也就是限制性定语从句。
是在意义上不可缺少的,如果去掉,所修饰主句的内容就不完整或失去意义。这种和主句的关系十分密切,写时不可用逗号分开。
  如:She has found the nacklace(that)she lost two weeks ago,
的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍立
  1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分 ,that不能用于引导
  Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在中依然耸立,它是一百多年前建造的。)
  3. 有时as也可用作
  4. 在非限定性定语从句中,用who, whom代表人,用which代表事物.
  5.当先行词是或和所修饰时,其后的通常是性的。
  例如:
  Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year. ·去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
  My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden. 我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
  This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。 
  6.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句要用单数,
  例如:
  He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me. 他似乎没的意思,这使我。
  Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 水变为,这就叫做蒸发。
  非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容,或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开,常常单独翻译。没有它,主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as,which,who, whom,whose等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、及定语。有when,where等,作定语从句的。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。
  一、as引导非限制性定语从句时,可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中或句末。as后常接expect,know,report,say,see等动词的主、句。
  1. ____is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month.
  A.It B.As C.That D.What
  2.Mike,as we expected,attended the meeting.像我们所期望的那样,参加了会议。
  3.He wasn't unconsicious,as could be judged from his eyes.他并未失去,这从他的眼神可以判断出来。
  二、which引导非限制性定语从句的情况很多。
  I.指代主句的全部或部分内容时,常表事实、状态、起因等,有“这就使得、这一点”等意思,常置主句末。主句与定语从句用逗号分开。
  1.Dorathy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,,of course,madethe others unhappy.
  A.who B.which C.this D.what
  II.指代先行词有多种情况。定语从句置先行词后面。
  1.在“n./pron./num....+prep.+ which”,“prep.+which”定语从句里。 1)They talked about a movie,the name of which I've never forgotten.他们谈论过一部,我决不会忘记片名。
  2)In Sydney the Chinese team got 28 gold medals,16.5 of which were won by women.在,中国队夺得了28枚金牌,其中16.5枚是女子夺得的。
  3)China has thousands of islands,the largest of which is Taiwan.中国有数千个,其中最大的是。
  4)Chaplin went to the states in 1910,by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies.1910年去了,那时他已学会跳舞和演喜剧了。
  2.表唯一性,或者就是指代先行词的事物时。
  The dam,which is the biggest in the world,is 3,830 metres long.长3,830米,是世界上最大的坝。
  3.先行词是的事物时。
  The moon,which doesn't give out light itself,is only a satellite of the earth.月球本身不发光,它只是地球的一个卫星。
  4.先行词表示类属的事物时。
  Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.足球是一项非常有趣的运动,全世界都踢足球。
  5.先行词是专有名词时。
  1)Three of the biggest man-made projects in the world are the Great Wall of China,the Pyramids of Egypt and the Aswan High Dam, which is also in Egypt.世界上最大的三项人造工程是中国的,的和,它也在埃及。
  2)The Nile,which used to flood every year,now runs more regularly below the dam.年年涨,现在比较正常地在大坝下面流过了。
  6.先行词是表人的职业、品质、身份等名词,作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句之间含有对比的意思。
  Mike's brother is a policeman,which he isn't.迈克的哥哥是警察,他可不是。
  7.先行词是形容词作定语从句的表语时。主句和定语从句含有对比的意思。
  Li Ling is very clever,which Li Long isn't.很聪明,李珑可不是。
  8.先行词是表整体意思时。
  My family,which has 35 people,is a large one.我家有35口人,是一个大家庭。
  9.先行词是国家名词表概念时。
  Last year he went to Egypt,which is in Africa.他去年去了埃及,埃及在。
  三、as,which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时,表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别,又在主句末时,有时可以通用。
  1.He is quite pleased,as /which can be seen from his face.他非常高兴,从他的表情可以看出来。
  2.You always work hard,as /which everyone knows.大家都知道,你一向勤奋学习。
  但是,上面两句把定语从句置主句句首时,就只能用as。
  3.This elephant is like a snake,as anybody can see.像任何人都能看见那样,这像条蛇。
  4.Bamboo is hollow,which makes it very light.是空的,这就使得它很轻。 在否定意义的非限制性定语从句里,一般用which引导。
  5.He came to my birthday party,which I didn't expect at all.我完全没有想到,他来参加我的生日聚会了。
  四、who,whom,whose等引导非限制性定语从句时,指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
  1.Bob's father,who worked on the project,spent four years in Egypt.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程,在埃及度过了四年。
  2.Dad,this is Zheng Jie,who I knew in Paris.爸,这是,我在认识的。 这一句是用主格who代替 whom。
  3.His mother,whom he loved dearly, died in 1818.他非常他的母亲,她死于 1818年。
  4.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.金先生的腿受了重伤,他很快就被送去住院了。
  n./pron./num....prep.whom;prep. whom;in whose +n.;the +n.of whom等引导非限制性的定语从句。
  5.He spoke of a pen-pal,the name of whom /whose name I've never forgotten.他提到过一个,他的名字我从未忘记。
  6.About 2,000people,many of whom were Europeans,worked on the project.大约两千人从事过这项工程,其中很多是。
  7.In his office there are nine clerks,the youngest of whom is Mr Liu.他办公室有9个职员,其中最年轻的是刘先生。
  8.I decided to write about Chaplin,one of whose films I had seen several years before.我决定写有关卓别林的文章,他的一部电影我几年前就看过了。
  9.We went to hear this famous singer, about whom we had heard many stories.我们去听这个著名的演唱。我们已经听说了有关他的很多故事。 品黄黑MYK
  10.Mr Pattis,in whose office Ms King was working,was very surprised when he found out her secret.金女士在思办公室工作。他发现她的秘密时感到非常。
  五、when,where引导非限制性定语从句时,作定语从句的状语。when =and then, where =and there。why不引导非限制性定语从句。
  1.He was quickly taken to hospital,where a doctor wanted to examine Mr King's legs.金先生很快被送去住院,在那里一个要检查他的腿。
  2.We will put off the outing until next week,when we won't be so busy.我们把推迟到下个星期,那时我们不会那么忙了。
  3.He went to America in 1912,where and when he was noticed by an important film director.他在1912年去了美国,当时引起了一个重要的注意。
  在prep.where /when非限制性定语从句里,where =there,when =then。
  4.His head soon appeared out of the second storey windows,from where he could see nothing but trees.他的头很快从第二层楼的一个窗户伸出来了,从那里他只能看见。
  5.That was in 1929,since when things have been better.那是在1929年,从那时起情况就已经好转了。
  6.I went to bed at ten,before when I was reading for an hour.我10点去睡觉,在那时以前我看了1小时的书。
  有时候where /when可以用prep.which替换。
  7.The southern states wanted to set up a country of their own,where they would be free to keep black slaves.南方各州要建立一个属于他们自己的国家,在那里他们将自由留黑人。
  8.I still remembered January 10,on which /when he came to see me.我仍然记得1月10日,那一天他来看我了。
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>>>I have two dictionaries, _____ are of great use. [ ]A. all..
I have two dictionaries, _____ are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
题型:单选题难度:中档来源:同步题
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“I have two dictionaries, _____ are of great use. [ ]A. all..”主要考查你对&&非限制性定语从句,不定代词,关系代词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
非限制性定语从句不定代词关系代词
非限制性定语从句的概念:
非限制性定语是对被修饰名词或代词的附加说明,它不是必需的,如果去掉,也不会影响句子的意思,它与被修饰名词之间通常用逗号分开。如:The travellers, knowing about the floods, took another road. 游客们知道发了大水,都改道走了。&&&&&&& The boys, wanting to play football, were disappointed when it rained. 那些男孩子想踢足球,因为下雨感到失望。非限制性定语从句用法:
1、引导非限定性定语从句时,只能用which(不用that)。例如:Heat is another form of energy, which is as important as other kinds of energy. &&&&&&&&&&& 热是另一种形式的能量,与其他形式的能量一样重要。&(从句表补充说明,而且关系代词which不能换成that。)   2、引导非限定性定语从句的which可以指代前面的先行词,也可以指前面整个句子的含义。例如:That Peter will marry Alice, which has not been announced yet, has spread around. &&&&&&&&&&& 彼特要娶爱丽斯这件事还没宣布,却已传得沸沸扬扬。(句子中的which指“彼特要娶爱丽斯”这整个句子的意思。)   3、除which外,还可用when,where,who等关系代、副词引导非限定性定语从句。例如:After graduation, I decided to stay in Chongqing, where I spent my childhood and four years of college life.& 毕业后,我决定留在重庆,在那里我曾度过了我的童年和四年大学生活。   &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Albert Einstein left Germany for the United States during World WarII, when Jews were badly treated in Germany.&&第二次世界大战期间,爱因斯坦离开德国去了美国,那时犹太人在德国受到不好的对待。   4、在限定性定语从句中作宾语时,引导词可以省略,但引导非限定性定语从句的关联词不能省。如:He was eager to go to the hospital to see his stepmother, whom he loved and respected as his own mother.& 他急于想去医院看望他的继母,他把他的继母当作亲生母亲一样热爱和尊敬。   &&&& The American journalist(whom/who) the announcer mentioned in the news broadcast is said to have been killed by the gangsters.&播音员在新闻广播中提到的那位美国记者据说已经被匪徒杀害了。   两例中的关系代词都在从句中作宾语。由于第二例是限定性定语从句,可以省略关系代词;第一例中的引导词不能省略,因为它引导的是非限定性定语从句。   5、表示“正如”的含义时,通常用as引导非限定性定语从句,也可用which引导;但置于句首时,只能用as引导。   如:China has basically succeeded in defeating SARS, which/as we have expected. &&&&&&& 正如我们所预料的那样,中国已基本上战胜了“非典”。   && &&&&&&& As is well known to everybody, Tai wan is an inseparable part of China. &&&&&&& 众所周知,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。   但是当非限定性定语从句是否定含义时,就只能用which(而不用as)引导。如:He didn't win the championship, which I hadn't expected. &&&&&&& 他没获得冠军,这一点是我没预料到的。非限制性定语丛句中as, which的区别:
1、which引导非限制性定语丛句代表前面的整个句子的时候,一般是对主句的结果的说明。&&&&&& 如: He grows too fast, which makes him taller than his classmates. 2、as引导非限制性丛句代表前面整个句子时一般来讲丛句的谓语动词有三种: A. 含有be动词:如:He failed the exam, as is natural. B. 实意动词的被动形式: 如:As is reported, the fire caused a great loss. C.感官动词和意识类动词如:如:see, hear, notice, know, learn, realize 等。&&&&&&&& As you know, I am a teacher. 3、as可翻译为正如,它引导的丛句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后;which引导的该丛句只能位于主句之后。例1:__A___he realized, I was very useful to him.&例2:This elephant is like a snake, ___A__anybody can see.&例3:The sun gives us light and heat, __B___makes the plan tgrow well. &&&&&&&&& A. As(as)&&&&&&&&&&B. which&&&&&&&&& C. that&&&&&&&&&&D. who 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别:
非限制性定语从句的关系词:
非限定性定语从句的使用规则及注意事项:
1、which引导的非限定性定语从句是用来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分。2、在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which。其中,介词的选用,依据从句中的动词所需搭配的介词来选用。例句:① Attitudes towards day dreaming are changing in much the same way that(inwhich)attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. &&& 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。② I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it.&&&&&我出于某种原因喜欢这种音乐,而他恰恰与我相反。③ We arrived the day that(on which) they left. &&& 刚好我们到的那天他们走了。3、as有时也可用作关系代词。4、在非限定性定语从句中,关系词不能用that。不定代词概说:
英语的不定代词有all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, few, little, both, enough, every等,以及由some,any,no和every构成的合成代词(即somebody, anyone, nothing等)。在这些不定代词中,多数都能作主语、宾语、表语或定语,但是代词none以及由some, any, no和every构成的合成代词只能作主语、宾语或表语,不能作定语,而no和every则只用作定语。不定代词用法对比:
1、so little与such little的区别:用so little还是such little取决于little的意思:若表示数量方面的“少”,则用so little;若表示形状体积的“小”,则用such little:&如:He has so little time for reading. 他读书的时间少得可怜。&&I've never seen such little boxes. 我从未见过那样小的盒子。 2、some与any的用法区别:一般说来,some用于肯定句中,any用于否定句和疑问句中。但是,在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some而不用any: 如:Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吗? &&&&&&& Why not buy some bread? 为什么不买些面包呢? &&&&&&& Shall I get some chalk for you? 要我帮你拿些粉笔来吗?注:any有时也用于肯定句中,此时表示“任何”: 如:Any colour will do. 任何颜色都行。 &&&&&&& Come any day you like. 随便哪天来都可以。 3、many与much的用法区别:两者都表示“许多”,但many修饰或代替可数名词(复数),与few(少数)相对;而much用来修饰或代替不可数名词(单数),与little(少量)相对。在口语中两者主要用于非肯定句中:&如:Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? &&&&&&& We don't have much time. 我们没有许多时间。在肯定句中,一般用a lot of, lots of, plenty of 等代之。但在正式文体中有时也用于肯定句中;另外,若用作主语或主语的定语,或其前有how, too, as, so, a good, a great等修饰,也可用于肯定句中: 如:Many of us left early. 我们有许多人离开得很早。 &&&&&&& Much work has been done. 许多工作都已经做了。 &&&&&&& You've given me too much. 你已给我太多了。 &&&&&&& Take as many(much) as you want. 你要多少拿多少。&&&&&&&&&I asked her a great many questions. 我问了她许多问题。 4、few, a few与little, a little的用法区别: (1)few和a few后接可数名词的复数形式。few表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意义;a few表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意义: 如:It is very difficult, and few people understand it. 它很难,没有几个人能懂。 &&&&&&& It is very difficult, but a few people understand it. 他虽难,但是有些人懂。 (2)little和alittle之后接不可数名词,其区别跟few和a few之间的区别相似: 如:Unfortunately, I had little money on me. 很不巧,我身上没带什么钱。 &&&&&&& Fortunately, I had a little money on me. 幸好我身上带着一点钱。 5、other, the other, another与others的用法区别:这些不定代词不仅在含义上有单复数之分,而且在用法上有泛指(无the)和特指(有the)之别。其用法区别可归纳如下:&(1)指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用the other: 如:Give me another(one). 另外给我一个。&&&&&&&&&Shut the other eye, please. 请把另一只眼睛也闭上。 (2)指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词),若特指用the other(后接复数名词): 如:There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法。 &&&&&& Where have the other students gone? 其他学生都到哪里去了? (3)others永远表示复数意义(且其后不能再接名词)。其用法大致相当于“other+复数名词”,同样地the others大致相当于“the other+复数名词”: 如:Other people[Others] may not think that way. 别的人可能不这样想。 &&&&&&& He is cleverer than the others[the other students] in her class. 他比班上其他学生聪明。 (4)another一般只能表单数,且其后接名词也只能接单数名词。但是若其后有数词或few修饰时,则也可接复数名词: 如:We need another few chairs. 我们还需要几把椅子。 &&&&&&& In another two weeks it'll be finished. 再过两个星期就可做完了。 (5)与some对比使用时,用others(此时与some同义): 如:Some say yes, and others say no. 有人说对,有人说不对。不定代词用法点拨:
1、指两者和三者的不定代词:有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),注意不要弄混: 如:Both of my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。 &&&&&&& All of the students are interested in it. 所有的学生对此都很感兴趣。 &&&&&&& There are trees on any side of the square. 广场的每一边都种有树。 &&&&&&& He has two sons, neither of whom is rich. 他有两个儿子,都不富有。 &&&&&&& He has three sons, none of whom is rich. 他有三个儿子,都不富有。注:each可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而every只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用each,不能用every。2、复合不定代词的用法特点:复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, noone, everything, everybody, everyone等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。具体使用时应注意以下几点: (1)复合不定代词受定语修饰时,定语应放在它们后面: 如:There is nothing wrong with the radio. 这收音机没有毛病。 &&&&&&& Have you seen anyone[anybody] famous? 你见过名人吗?(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his(不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their: 如:Everyone knows this, doesn't he[don't they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗? &&&&&&& If anybody[anyone] comes, ask him[them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。 (3)指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语,谓语动词只能用单数,相应的人称代词也只能用it,而不用they: 如:Everything is ready, isn't it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?(4)anyone, everyone等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语,可用any one, every one(分开写): 如:any one of the boys(books) 孩子们(书)当中的任何一个(本)&&&&&&& every one of the students(schools) 每一个学生(一所学校) 3、是any not还是not any:按英语习惯,any以及含有any的复合不定代词用于否定句时,它只能出现在否定词之后,而不能在否定词之前:误:Anyone doesn't know how to do it. 正:No one knows how to do it.任何人都不知道如何做它。误:Anybody[Anyone] can not do it. 正:Nobody[Noone] can do it.这事谁也干不了。误:Anything can not prevent me from going. 正:Nothing can prevent me from going. 什么也不能阻挡我去。 4、不定代词与部分否定:不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定;若要表示完全否定,则需换用none, neither, no one等。比较:All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。&&&&&&&&&&&&&Not all of the students like the novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 &&&&&&&&&&& All of the students don't like the&novel. 并不是所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 &&&&&&&&&&& None of the students like the novel. 这些学生当中没有一个喜欢这本小说。 5、all, both, each等用作同位语:若用作主语同位语,主语可以是名词或代词;若用作宾语等其他成分的同位语,则宾语等成分必须是人称代词,而不能是名词: 如:We have all read it. 我们都读过他。(all修饰的主语是代词) &&&&&&& The villages have all been destroyed. 村庄都被毁了。(all修饰的主语是名词) &&&&&&& They told us all to wait there. 他叫我们都在那儿等。(all修饰的宾语是代词) 但不能说:They told the men all to wait there. (all修饰的宾语是名词不是代词)不定代词知识体系:
&不定代词与语境考题:
不定代词是高考的常考考点,有的不定代词考题出得比较灵活,不能死套规则,要注意结合语境来理解: 例1:—Is____here?&&&&&&& —No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybodyB. everybodyC. somebodyD. nobody 解析:若只是从表面来看,填空句是个疑问句,可能会误选A。但其实此题最佳答案应选B,因为下文的答句说“只有Bob和Tim请假了”,这说明问句是在查人数,故用Is everybody here? (大家都到齐了吗?) 例2:I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with_____. A. everythingB. anythingC. somethingD. nothing 解析:此句若从表面看,有可能误选B,因为填空句为否定句。但实际上最佳答案为A,因为上文说“我同意他说的大部分内容”,这与下文的but I don't agree with everything (但并不是同意他说的所有内容)完全相符。 例3:—Doyouhave_____athomenow,Mary?&&&&&&&&& —No, we still have to get some fruit and tea.A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing 解析:答案:C,句意为“玛丽,现在家里东西都准备齐了吗?”“还没有,我们还要买些水果和茶。”
例4:—If you want a necklace, I'll buy one for you at once.&&&&&&&&& —Oh, no. A necklace is not_____that I need most. A. anythingB. somethingC. nothingD. everything 解析:此题容易误选A,机械地认为:something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句或疑问句。但是,此题的最佳答案是B,something在此的意思不是“某种东西”,而是指“那种东西”或“这种东西”,即心中最想要的那种东西(相当于the thing)。关系代词的概念:
英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, 它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词,又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、或定语。如:This is the man who saved your son. (who在从句中作主语,先行词是man)&&&&&&&& The man whom I met yesterday is Jim. &&&&&&& A child whose parents are dead is an orphan. &&&&&&& He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.关系代词用法:
1、that与which的用法区别:&&&&& 两者都可指物,常可互换。其区别主要在于: (1)引导非限制性定语从句时,通常要用which: 如:She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请,这是她意想不到的。 (2)直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常要用which: 如:The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。 (3)当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等时,通常用that: 如:There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。 &&&&&&& All[Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。 (4)当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时,通常用that: 如:This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 &&&&&&& Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 (5)当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last, next等)等修饰时,通常用that: 如:This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。 &&&&&&& The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。& (6)当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that: 如:China is not the country(that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 (7)当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用that: 如:They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。 (8)当要避免重复时: 如:Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程? 2、that与who的用法区别: (1)两者均可指人,有时可互换: 如:All that[who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。&&&& &&&&&&& Have you met anybody that[who] has been to Paris? 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗? &&&&&&& He is the only one among us that[who] knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。 (2)但是在下列情况,通常要用that:&& &①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:&如:I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。 && ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复): 如:Who was it that won the World Cup in1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯? && ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略): 如:Tom is not the boy(that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。关系代词知识体系:
&关系代词用法拓展:
1、as与which的用法区别:(1)引导限制性定语从句时,在such,as,thesame后只能用as,其他情况用which: 如:I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。 &&&&&&& It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。 &&&&&&& This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句时,有时两者可互换: 如:I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远,这你是知道的。 (3)但在,在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时,两者不可换用: ①当从句位于主句前面时,只用as: 如:As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周,这是每个人都清楚的。 ②as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致,which无此限制: 如:He went abroad, as[which] was expected. 他出国了,这是大家预料到的。 &&&&&&& He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了,这让大家感到很意外。(不用as) ③as引导非限制性定语从句时,先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词,而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念,而which则无此限制: 如:The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as) ④当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时,其谓语通常应是连系动词,而不宜是其他动词,而which则无此限制: 如:She has married again, as[which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了,这似乎很自常。 &&&&&&& She has married again, which delighted us.她又结婚了,这使我们很高兴。(不用as) 2、who与whom的用法区别:两者均只用于人,从理论上说,who为主格,whom为宾格: 如:Where's the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里? &&&&&&& The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。但实际上,除非在正式文体中,宾格关系代词whom往往省略不用,或用who或that代之: 如:The man(that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。不过,在以下几种情况值得注意: (1)直接跟在介词后面作宾语时,只能用whom,而且不能省略: 如:She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来,我以前都没见过。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时,who和whom均可用,但以用whom为佳,此时也不能省略: 如:This is Jack, who[whom] you haven't met before. 这是杰克,你以前没见过。
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