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>> 2015年英语四级翻译练习：定词从句
　　定语从句
　　1) Everyday many tourists come to visit _______________(鲁迅出生的那栋房子).
　　2) The old lady died _______________(在她儿子到达的那天).
　　3) This is _______________(我赞成这一改革的理由).
　　4) Let ABC be _______________(一个三边不等长的三角形).
　　5) Some of the roads were flooded, _______________(这使我们的旅程更为艰难).
　　6) He introduced me to his students, _______________(他们大部分是英语专业的学生).
　　7) _______________(众所周知), water is a liquid.
　　1) the house where Lu Xun was born
　　(考点：先行词为地点，定语从句通常由where引导)
　　2) on the day when his son arrived
　　(考点：先行词为时间，定语从句通常由when引导)
　　3) the reason why I am in favor of this reform
　　(考点：先行词为reason，定语从句通常由why引导)
　　4) a triangle whose three sides are of unequal length
　　(考点：whose引导的定语从句)
　　5) which made our journey more difficult
　　(考点：非限制性定语从句)
　　6) most of whom were English majors
　　(考点：同上)
　　7) As is known to all
　　(考点：as 引导的定语从句)
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高等学校英语应用能力考试中的定语从句？
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定语从句的连词选用和句意理解
定语从句的连词选用和句意理解基本规则:先行词是“人”，在从句中做主语，宾语，定语， 连词用that/who/whom/whose先行词是“物”， 在从句中做主语，宾语，定语， 连词用that/which/whose先行词是“人” 和 “物”， 在从句中做主语，宾语，定语，连词用that/ whose先行词是“物”， 在从句中做状语，一般需要添加介词后才能把从句写完整， 连词用when/where/whye.g. They work in a factory where/in which radio parts are made.1. 先行词：_a factory_2. 主句：They work in a factory.3. 从句：radio parts are made in (a factory). (注意: 本句中的“in”是后来添加的,不是they work in a factory中的 “in”4. “先行词+从句”部分的翻译理解：&& 无线电零件被生产的/生产无线电零件的（那个工厂）&&& （定语从句 +的 +先行词）5. 整句的翻译理解：他们在生产无线电零件的那个工厂工作。e.g. The reason why/for which I am late is that my bike broke down on my way here.1. 先行词：_the reason_2. 主句：the reason is that my bike broke down on my way here.3. 从句：I am late for (the reason)4. “先行词+从句”部分的翻译理解：&& 我迟到的（那个原因）5. 整句的翻译理解：我迟到的那个原因是我的自行车在我来的路上坏了。 注意：判断主句和从句1）&&&&&&&& 谓语动词1+连词+谓语动词2，连词后的谓语动词以及相邻的词汇是从句2）&&&&&&&& 谓语动词1+谓语动词2+连词/连词+谓语动词1+谓语动词2， 与连词相邻的谓语动词以及相邻的词汇是从句3）&&&&&&&& &看主句，从句，各自的句意完整，并合乎逻辑。练习题：The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.e.g. He talked about the teachers and schools that/省略 he had visited.1. 先行词：_the teachers and schools_2. 主句：He talked about the teachers and schools.3. 从句：he had visited (the teachers and schools)4. “先行词+从句”部分的翻译理解：&& 他所看过的（那些老师和学校）5. 整句的翻译理解：他谈了他所看过的那些老师和学校。 注意：先行词在从句中做宾语时，连词that/which/whom可以省略e.g. She donated some money to the children whose parents died in the earthquake.1. 先行词：_the children_2. 主句：She donated some money to the children.3. 从句： (the children)’s parents died in the earthquake.4. “先行词+从句”部分的翻译理解：&& 父母死于地震中的（那些孩子们）5. 整句的翻译理解：她把钱捐给了那些父母死于地震中的那些孩子们。 She donated some money to (the children) whose parents died in the earthquake.= She donated some money to (the children) the parents of whom died in the earthquake.= She donated some money to (the children) of whom the parents died in the earthquake.whose+n=of whom the +n =the +n of whom&& (适用于先行词是表示人的名词)whose+n=of which the +n=the+n of which&&& (适用于先行词是表示物的名词)注意：限制性定语从句的翻译必须包括“定语从句 +的 + 先行词”非限制性定语从句的翻译，从前向后，不需要 “…的…”翻译.练习题：Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase whose price was very reasonable.e.g. I have many friends, of whom some are businessmen.=I have many friends, some of whom are businessmen.从句: some of my friends are businessmen.注意：介词+which/whom/whose/where中的介词1）&&&&&&&& 找到先行词2）&&&&&&&& 找出含有先行词的从句e.g. He made great progress in English learning, which made his parents pleased.先行词：He made great progress in English learning.(先行词是一句话，意指完整的一件事)连词：which用限制性定语从句连接句子1.&&&& 圈出“先行词”。2.&&&& 根据两个单句的意思确定主从句。3.&&&& 主句的部分或者全部内容先出现e.g. A modern city has been set up in the place. The place was a wasteland ten years ago.先行词：the place根据句意，两个句子都可以做主句和从句，因此有两种答案A modern city has been set up in the place which was a wasteland ten years ago.一座现代化的城市已经建在了十年前还是废墟的地方。The place where/in which a modern city has been set up was a wasteland ten years ago. 一座现代化城市被建设的那个地方十年前是一片废墟。e.g. Working conditions are difficult in the place. I’d like to go there.先行词：the place (there是指the place)根据句意，I’d like to go there.是主句，working conditions are difficult in the place.是从句I’d like to go where working conditions are difficult.我想去工作条件艰苦的地方Working conditions are difficult in the place where I’d like to go. (wrong)工作条件很艰苦是在我想去的地方或工作条件在我想去的地方很艰苦。（句意不合乎逻辑）定语从句用that不用which的情况1)&&& 先行词前被序数词，最高级修饰时2)&&& 先行词是不定代词everything, anything等3)&&& 先行词被all, the very, the only, the first, the last,& the right,修饰时4)&&& 先行词既有人又有物时定语从句用who不用that的情况先行词是anyone, those, everyone, he时定语从句省略连词的情况1.）先行词在从句中做宾语时2.）the way (that/in which)+定语从句，连词可以省略定语从句中的习惯搭配介词+连词时，连词不能是that/whowhen=prep +which&&&&& where=prep +which&& why= for + whichthe way (that/in which) +从句 ….的方式&a case/point/stage/situation/occasion where +从句& ….的情况/阶段/时期as we all know, as is known to us all, (as一般用于句首)e.g. I don’t appreciate the way (that/in which) he talked to his mother.定语从句中的易错点：(语法填空，短文改错，完形填空)注意标点符号逗号和句号1.&&&& I have many friends, most of whom are fromChina.2.&&&& I have many friends. Most of them are fromChina.3.&&&& We visited the kids, whose parents died in the accident.4.&&&& We visited the kids. Their parents died in the accident.注意that/which/where的区别，一看标点符号，二看先行词在从句中的句子成分（主，宾还是状）1.&&&& He gave us some advice, that did good to us.(wrong)2.&&&& He gave us some advice, which did good to us.(right)3.&&&& We visited the school, which we had many good memories.(wrong)4.&&&& We visited the school, where we had many good memories(right).注意先行词在从句中做主语时，连词后从句的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致的问题1.&&&& Those who wants to succeed have to work hard.(wrong)2.&&&& Those who want to succeed have to work hard.(right)注意介词后不能使用连词that/who1.&&&& The person to who you spoke is Lee (wrong)2.&&&& The person to whom you spoke is Lee(right)注意短文改错中常常需要添加连词的情况1.&&&& A stone was put up over the place he was buried.(wrong)2.&&&& A stone was put up over the place where he was buried. (Right)注意定语从句中先行词，连词和从句中代词it, them, he, him, there等重复的情况, 一般需要删掉从句中的代词it, them, he, him, there1.&&&& Please pass me the book (that/which) I have been looking for it. (wrong)2.&&&& Please pass me the book (that/which) I have been looking for. (right)3.&&&& We are going to visit the factory where our best friend works there. (wrong)4.&&&& We are going to visit the factory where our best friend works. (right)根据汉语意思写出含有定语从句的句子明天我会把你要的那本杂志带来的。第一步：找出 “定语（的）+名词”，其中的名词 magazine即为“先行词”“定语（的）+名词” 即为 “定语从句” 你要(的)那本杂志& you ask for the magazine第二步：根据 “名词/先行词”在从句中的句子成分来确定连词,并把名词/先行词提前-----那本杂志你要的& the magazine （that/which/省略）you ask for第三步：翻译出全句&& Tomorrow I will bring the magazine (that/which) you ask for.翻译成英语=名词+定语从句练习题: 老师讲解的这部分知识太难理解了.1.&&&& “定语(的)+名词” : 老师讲解的这部分知识.2.&&&& 名词/先行词: the knowledge3.&&&& “定语（的）+名词” 即为 “定语从句” ； the teacher explained the knowledge4.&&&& The knowledge (that/which) the teacher explained5.&&&& The knowledge (that/which) the teacher explained is difficult to understand.躬耕英语高考英语资料分享
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根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，2008年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国..根据下列句子，完成短文。众所周知，2008年北京将举办奥运会。英语作为一种国际语言，将会在交流中起着重要作用。作为一名高三学生，我们应抓住现在的学习机会努力学好它。只有这样，才能为奥运贡献自己的力量。Practicemakesperfect!Mayyousucceedinyour重庆市北大附中重庆实验学校高三英语《高考英语语法：定语从句复习及真题训练》课件相关文档专题docdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdocdoc
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　　　　湖北省麻城市集美学校中考英语专题复习 定语从句语法讲解 人教新目标版　　一、基本概念： 　　在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。　　Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? 　　That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 　　定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 　　引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as　　关系副词有：when, where, why. 　　二、关系词的用法： 　　（一）关系代词的用法： 　　1． 作主语用who, which和that, 如： 　　He is the man who/that lives next door. 　　The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 　　2． 作宾语用whom, who, which, that, 如： 　　The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. 　　Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 　　注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词who whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体中通常用whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词which和that 在非正式文体中也通常省略，但在正式文体中一般不省略。 　　3． 作定语用whose, 如： 　　(a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. 　　(b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 　　注：“whose +名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作宾语（如上b句）。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”，如： 　　They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.. (= the back wall of which) 　　He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name) 　　4． 作表语只用that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如： 　　He is no longer the man that he used to be. 　　This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. 　　（二）关系副词的用法： 　　1．when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： 　　I still remember the time when I first became a college student. 　　Do you know the date when Lincoln was born? 　　注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如： 　　Each time he came, he did his best to help us. 　　But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 　　2．where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等。 　　This is the hotel where they are staying. 　　I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 　　注：where有时也可以省略。如： 　　This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 　　3． why指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。如： 　　That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 　　注：why时常也可以省略。如： 　　That is the real reason he did it. 　　(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 　　1． 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： 　　when = on (in, at, during…) + 　　where = in (at, on…) + 　　why = for which. 如： 　　I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. 　　The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. 　　This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 　　2． 当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如 果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： 　　I’ll never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. 　　I’ll never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. 　　His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. 　　His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 　　3． when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。而why 只能引导限制性定语从句。 　　三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 　　1．限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如： 　　This is the telegram which he refers to. 　　Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 　　2．非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿，在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如： 　　This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. 　　As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 　　引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用that和why。 　　另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如： 　　I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother. 　　= I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. 　　Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. 　　= Yesterday I happened to see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 　　3．两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： 　　All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. 　　All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 　　His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA m an. （只有一个） 　　His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个）}