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定语从句中的关系词在从句中作什么成分?关系词分为代词和副词
東成西就14D
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1.75亿学生的选择
关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语,总之少了它从句是不成立的关系副词一般在从句中做状语一类的,比如说when where分别在从句中做时间状语和地点状语,去掉它从句也是可以成立的 所谓句子成立与否,关键是英语的两种基本句型1,主语+谓语+宾语2.主语+系语+表语只要句子里成分不缺就为成立,否则就不能成为句子关系副词例子This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.再给你附几道例题1．Is this museum ________ you visited a few days ago?A．where B．that C．on which D．the one 2．Is this the museum ________ the exhibition was held?A．where B．that C．on which D．the one 答案：例1 D；例2 A 例1变为肯定句：This museum is ________ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句：This is the museum _________ the exhibition was held.在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where,that,on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既作了主句的表语,又可作从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.在句2中,主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分缺句子的状语,表地点,既可用副词where,又因in the museum词组可用介词in＋which引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on用的不对,所以选A.关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分,先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词（who,whom,that,which,whose）；先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词（where地点状语,when时间状语,why原因状语）.
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关系副词是作状语。关系代词是做主语、宾语、表语。
关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
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& 2017届高考英语一轮循环写作周周练：第8周 灵活好用的名词性从句（新人教版含解析）
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第八周　灵活好用的名词性从句
名词性从句是高中阶段重要的语法项目之一，也是写作中常用的高级表达。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、名词性从句的连接词
1．从属连词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的从属连词在从句中只起连接作用，不作成分，主要包括that, whether/if。
①The last important thing you should remember is that you have to send the article to me before June 28th.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
你应该记住的最后一件重要事情是在6月28日前把文章发给我。
②What really matters is whether it comes from your inner heart.(2014·重庆高考写作)
真正重要的是它(礼物)是否来自你的内心。
2．连接代词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接代词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语，主要包括what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever。
①Today is what we can hold and make use of.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)
今天是我们能够抓住并能利用的。
②I’ll do a good job in whatever I do.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
对于我所做的任何事情，我都会做好。
③Whoever is interested in making small inventions can join in it. (2014·辽宁高考满分作文)
对小发明感兴趣的任何人都可以参加。
3．连接副词引导的名词性从句
名词性从句的连接副词在从句中起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语，主要包括how, when, why, where, however, whenever, wherever。
①To practice as much as possible is where the secret lies.(2015·四川高考满分作文)
尽可能多地练习就是秘密之所在。
②First of all, I’d like to know when the class will start and how many students there will be in a class.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)
首先，我想知道课程什么时候开始、一个班有多少学生。
[即时演练]　用适当的连接词填空
1．Listening and speaking is where my weakness lies when it comes to English. (2015·四川高考满分作文)
2．What we need most are popular science books.(2014·浙江高考书面表达)
3．I am wondering whether you can help me sell some.(2013·全国卷Ⅱ满分作文)
4．One day, she heard the news that the sports meeting would be held.(2013·湖南高考满分作文)
5．If I could interview him, I would ask him what made him an astronaut and how he was trained.(2015·安徽高考书面表达)
二、名词性从句的写法
在写作中，如果我们能够把两个简单句合并为一个含有名词性从句的复合句，或者把一个简单句扩展成为含有名词性从句的复合句，对写作都是一种质的升华。
名词性从句在写作时可采用“三步法”：
第一步：写出两个简单句。
①He said a lot at the meeting.
②His words were very attractive.
第二步：让句①作主语从句，可转换为“他在会上所说的话”，即what he said at the meeting。
第三步：把句①转换的主语从句和句②连在一起。
What he said at the meeting was very attractive.
[即时演练]　用名词性从句将下列每组简单句合并为一个复合句
1．When did you enter the room？The police wants to know it.
The_police_wants_to_know_when_you_entered_the_room.
2．This is my decision. All of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
My_decision_is_that_all_of_us_are_to_start_at_6_o’clock_tomorrow_morning.
3．Shall we go picnicking tomorrow? It depends on the weather.
Whether_we_shall_go_picnicking_tomorrow_depends_on_the_weather.
4．Our women volleyball team had won the championship.The news encouraged us all greatly.
The_news_that_our_women_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championship_encouraged_us_all_greatly.
三、名词性从句的常用句型
1．A is to B what C is to D　A对B而言正像C对D而言
A book is to the mind what food is to the body.
书籍对于心灵而言正如食物对于身体一样。
2．What impresses/surprises/shocks ... sb. most is that ...最令某人印象深刻/吃惊/震惊的是……
In addition, what may interest you most is that I am really nervous and upset when taking the exam.(2014·四川高考满分作文)
另外，可能最使你感兴趣的是，考试时我真的既紧张又烦躁。
3．It is＋important/necessary/strange ... that ...重要的/必要的/奇怪的是……
However, it is important that we never lose the enthusiasm to keep on trying.
(2014·福建高考满分作文)
然而，重要的是，我们从来没有丧失过继续努力的热情。
4．I wonder whether/if ... 我想知道是否……
I am wondering if you could tell me more about this activity.(2015·重庆高考满分作文)
我想知道你是否能告诉我有关活动的更多的信息。
5．The chances are (that) ... 很可能……
If you go into a school or university everywhere, the chances are (that) you will see students in Li Ning tracksuits with the familiar logo.
如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，都有可能看到穿着印有李宁那个熟悉标志运动服的学生们。
6．That/This/It is why/because ... 那/这就是为什么/因为……
I read about your reform of the school English newspaper, and that’s why I’m writing to voice my opinion.
我获悉了你对英语校报的改革方案，那就是为什么我写信发表观点的原因。
7．The reason why ... is that ... ……的原因是……
The reason why he wasn’t admitted into a key university was that his grades were too low.
他没有被重点大学录取的原因是他的分数太低了。
8．Sb. holds the belief/view that ... 某人(坚定地)持有某种观点……
Most people hold the belief that education can change one’s fate.
多数人坚定地持有这样的观点，教育能改变人的命运。
9．No one can deny the fact that ...
谁也不可否认的事实是……
No one can deny the fact that the environment is getting polluted more and more seriously.
谁也不可否认的事实是，环境污染越来越严重了。
10．It is/was no surprise/wonder that ... ……不足为怪
She is warm-hearted, so it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps those who are in trouble.
她是一个热心肠的人，因此她经常帮助那些处于困境的人们就不足为怪了。
11．An advantage of ... is that ...……的优点是……
An advantage of using the solar energy is that it won’t create/produce any pollution.
使用太阳能的优点是它不会制造任何污染。
[即时演练]　补全句子
1．谁也不可否认的事实是，自信可以在黑暗中给你光明。
No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that self-confidence gives you light when you are in the dark.
2．我想知道学校是否能够放置更多的垃圾箱并制定特殊规则来制止这种行为。
I_wonder_if/whether the school could place more dustbins and set up special rules against such behaviour.
3．他英年早逝的原因是他不注意自己的身体健康。
The_reason_why he died young was_that he paid no attention to his health.
4．使我最惊奇的是，这个瘦弱的女孩竟然获得了三枚金牌。
What_surprised_me_most_was_that the thin girl should have won three gold medals.
四、名词性从句写作时的注意事项
1．that还是what?
What we need is more time.
我们需要的是更多的时间。(what引导主语从句且在从句中作宾语)
That we need more time is very clear.
我们需要更多的时间是很明显的。(that引导主语从句且在从句中不作成分)
2．that还是whether?
That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.
我们被邀请参加今晚的音乐会，这对我们来说是个好消息。
Whether we are invited to the concert this evening is still unknown.
我们是否被邀请参加今晚的音乐会尚不得而知。
3．wh-还是wh-ever?
Whoever breaks the traffic rules should be punished.
无论是谁违反了交通规则都应该受到惩罚。
Who broke the window last night is still unknown.
昨晚谁打坏了窗子仍不得而知。
[即时演练]　选词填空
1．That (that/what) he failed in the exam made his parents puzzled.
2．Whether (that/whether) the sports meeting will be held on time depends on the weather.
3．I will give this dictionary to whoever (who/whoever) will win the first prize in the English contest.
[综合演练提能]　
Ⅰ.用名词性从句补全句子
1．他们赢得比赛的消息很快传遍了整个学校。
The news that_they_had_won_the_game soon spread over the whole school.
2．使我印象最深的是，他们都经过了专业培训。
What_impressed_me_most was that they all had had professional training.
3．我想知道你能否给我提供一些如何交友的建议。
I_wonder_if/whether you can give me some advice on how to make friends.
4．一些人生病的原因是他们不从事体育锻炼。
The_reason_why some people become ill is_that they don’t take up exercise.
5．没有人能否认：教育是人生最重要的一方面。
No_one_can_deny_the_fact_that a person’s education is the most important aspect of his life.
Ⅱ.请按以下内容要点写一篇有关Andy的英语短文，尽可能多地使用名词性从句。
1．大家都知道Andy是位有名的作家，但没有人知道她来自何处，而且她是否出生于1961年仍然是个谜。
2．大家对她的了解是穷人都喜欢她，因为她总是帮助那些急需钱的人。
3．Andy很慷慨而且乐于助人，但有些人认为她想出名。
4．Andy说她不明白为什么他们那么心胸狭窄，但别人怎么想对她无所谓，她只是想做自己认为正确的事。
5．我认为那就是生命意义之所在。
参考范文：
Everyone knew that Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew where she came from and whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. What they did know was that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money. Andy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didn’t understand why they were so narrow-minded, but it didn’t matter what others would think of her. She just wanted to do what she thought was right.
I think that is where the meaning of life lies.
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英语六级语法总复习:关系代词引导的定语从句
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英语六级语法总复习:关系代词引导的定语从句：关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.　 那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.　请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语）
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当定语从句的从句不缺成分时,如何选关系词呢?
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定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句,定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词.关系代词或关系副词指代先行词,在从句中充当一定的成分.所以,不存在定语从句不缺成分的情况.你所说的是同位语从句,若从句中不缺成分,用that引导,且不能省略（除在宾语从句中可省略）
请问，非限定性定语从句的关系词既可以是关系代词，也可以是关系副词吗？
限定性或非限定性定语从句的关系词既可以是关系代词，也可以是关系副词，主要看先行词在从句中充当的成分而定。若先行词在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语，用关系代词；若充当状语，用关系副词。
如：I will never forget the day when I joined the Army.
I will never forget the day that I spent in the country.
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定语从句都缺成分，因为无论是选择关系代词还是关系副词，他们都要在定语从句中充当成分，比较明显的是从句缺主语或宾语，这时选关系代词。不缺主语或宾语时， 我们认为从句缺状语，这时选关系副词，when（先行词表时间）, where（先行词表地点）, why（先行词表原因）那么，非限定性定语从句的关系词既可以是关系代词，也可以是关系副词吗？...
定语从句的先行词在定语从句中一定有充当某种成分，所以，定语从句的从句一定有缺某个成分。
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