英语短文改错,共10处_百度知道
英语短文改错,共10处
Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? On Saturday, July 27th there will have a few visits 1._____ to different places,Everyone is welcomed. All the 2._____ visitors will be separated into four groups. Each group of 3._____ visitors can visit one of the place--a factory ,a farm, 4.______ a school or a hospital. Please you sign your name at 5.______ the Service Desk before 9:00 a.m. and say what place 6.______ you wish to visit. We'll set out after the breakfast at 8 7.______ and will return in the afternoon. We will have lunch at 8.______ the place of visit. Once again remember for the time. 9.______ We hope you a pleasant iourney. That's all. 10.______ Thank you.
提问者采纳
下面我做的，希望对你有所帮助1.have&be2.welcomed&welcome3.separated&divided4.place&places5.you去掉6.what&which7.正确8.will去掉9.for去掉10.hope&wish
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出门在外也不愁英语改错，请高手帮帮忙。（共10处）_百度知道
英语改错，请高手帮帮忙。（共10处）
Xiao Ming fell sound asleep on sofa with the TV on, His mother couldn't help shout at him after reminding him for such many times. There were many reasons for environmental phenomenon .without the cultivation of good habits and the aware of environmental protection , people may easily commit mistakes. And the lack in school education also contributes a lot to this phenomenon. For my perspective , it's vital important to call on the government or citizens to take action immediately .Everyone’s effort in daily life may lead a huge step forward in building an energy saving and environment protecting the society . I Firmly believe that with our incredible energy and great efforts, we will finally make it.
提问者采纳
1.asleep改为sleep 2.on改为in 3.shout改为shouting 4.去掉for 5.aware改为awareness 6.the改为a 7.For改为From 8.去掉vital或important 9.lead加to 10.去掉the
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其他4条回答
fell sound asleep 不对，应该是fell asleep soundly after reminding him 应该是after having reminded himcouldn't help shout at him 应该是help shoutingfor such many times该是for so many timesthe aware of environmental protection 应该是he awareness of environmental protectionAnd the lack in school education 不加theit's vital important 应该是vital就是important的意思，重复了effort in daily life may lead a huge step forward 应该是lead toFirmly首字母小写For my perspective 应该是From my perspectivebuilding an energy saving and environment protecting the society 最后加一个the什么意思？去掉the 还有energy-saving，environment-protecting中间符号别漏这典型的中式英语除了语法错之外句子表达别扭到了极点，不是老外能看的。。。
望采纳，谢谢
修改过的地方标了数字了，一共10处。Xiao Ming fell sound asleep on 1 a sofa with the TV on. His mother couldn't help 2 shouting at him after reminding him for 3 so many times. There were many reasons for environmental 4 phenomena .5Without the cultivation of good habits and the6 awareness of environmental protection, people may easily commit mistakes. And the lack 7of school education also contributes a lot to this phenomenon.8 From my perspective , it's 9vitally important to call on the government or citizens to take action immediately .Everyone’s effort in daily life may lead a huge step forward in building an energy saving and environment protecting the society . I 10firmly believe that with our incredible energy and great efforts, we will finally make it.
fell sound asleep 不对，应该是fell asleep soundly after reminding him 应该是after having reminded himcouldn't help shout at him 应该是help shoutingfor such many times该是for so many timesthe aware of environmental protection 应该是he awareness of environmental protectionAnd the lack in school education 不加theit's vital important 应该是vital就是important的意思，重复了effort in daily life may lead a huge step forward 应该是lead toFirmly首字母小写For my perspective 应该是From my perspectivebuilding an energy saving and environment protecting the society 最后加一个the什么意思？去掉the 还有energy-saving，environment-protecting中间符号别漏
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出门在外也不愁当前位置：
＞＞＞短文改错。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个..
短文改错。&&&& 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。&&&& 增加：在此处加一个漏词符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。&&&& 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。&&&& 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。&&&& 注意：&&&& 1、每处错误及修改均仅限一词；&&&& 2、只允许修改10处，多者（从11处起）不计分。
Dear Wei Fang,&&&& It's a long time since I heard from you in last time. Now I'd like to tell you a impressive story that happened on the first day of my teaching career.&&&&A boy, Li Ming, whom father died a year ago, was late for school. He stood outside the classroom quiet. I smiled at him and let him come. After a while, he began to cry. Seeing this, I walked to him and asked what has happened. He told me his mother was ill but he had to get some medicine for her. At the same time he apologized to me for his lateness. Moved by his word, I praised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song was named "Mother" for the students. From then on I began to realize we should respect our parents and did our best to help them. Do you think so? I'm looking forward to your early reply._____________________________________________________________________________
题型：改错题难度：中档来源：陕西省模拟题
Dear Wei Fang,&&&& It's a long time since I heard from you in last time. Now I'd like to tell you a impressive story&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1. &去掉in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&2. &&anthat happened on the first day of my teaching career.A boy, Li Ming, whom father died a year ago, was late for school. He stood outside the&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 3. whoseclassroom quiet. I smiled at him and let him come/\. After a while, he began to cry. Seeing this, I&&&&&&&&&&&&& 4. &quietly&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&5. &inwalked to him and asked what has happened. He told me his mother was ill but he had to get some&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &6. &had&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&7. &&so/andmedicine for her. At the same time he apologized to me for his lateness. Moved by his word, I &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&8. &wordspraised him for his deeds and decided to sing a song was named "Mother" for the students. From &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&9. 去掉was或加that/whichthen on I began to realize we should respect our parents and did our best to help them. Do you &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& && 10. dothink so? I'm looking forward to your early reply.
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“短文改错。 文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多两处。错误涉及一个..”主要考查你对&&副词，可数名词及其单复数，不定冠词，关系代词，介词和介词短语&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
副词可数名词及其单复数不定冠词关系代词介词和介词短语
副词的概念：
副词是指在句子中表示行为或状态特征的词，用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词、介词短语、非谓语动词乃至整个句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念。副词的位置： 1）在动词之前。 2）在be动词、助动词之后。 3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意： a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 如：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us. b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。 如：He speaks English well.
副词的排列顺序： 1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。 2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。 如：Please write slowly and carefully. 3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：（错）I very like English.&&&&&&&&&&& （对）I like English very much. 注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 如：I don't know him well enough.&&&&&&&& There is enough food for everyone to eat. &&&&&&& There is food enough for everyone to eat. 兼有两种形式的副词：
1）close与closely：&&&& &close意思是“近”；closely意思是“仔细地”。&&&&& 如： He is sitting close to me. &&&&&&&&&&&&&& Watch him closely.2）late与lately： &&&&& late意思是"晚"；lately意思是“最近” 。&&&&& 如：You have come too late.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&What have you been doing lately? 3）deep与deeply： &&&&& deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”&。&&&&& 如：He pushed the stick deep into the mud.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4）high与highly：&&&& &high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。 &&&&& 如：The plane was flying high. &&&&&&&&&&&&& I think highly of your opinion.5）wide与widely：&&&& &wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。 &&&&& 如：He opened the door wide. &&&&&&&&&&&&& English is widely used in the world. 6）free与freely：&&&& &free的意思是“免费”；freely的意思是“无限制地”。&&&&& 如：You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.&&&&&&&&&&&&&& You may speak freely, say what you like.
副词知识体系：
可数名词：
是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 可数名词复数的规则变化：&
1.清辅音后读/s/; 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/;&
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 的词　
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词　　
变y 为i再加es
baby-babies另外： 1）以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：　 如：two Marys　the Henrys&&&&& monkey---monkeys　holiday---holidays　　 比较：层楼：storey---storeys　 story---stories 2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos　　piano---pianos&b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes　tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes　 3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　roof---roofs&& safe---safes　 gulf---gulfs； b. 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves& wife---wives　life---lives　thief---thieves； c. 均可，如：handkerchief:& handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 可数名词复数的不规则变化： 1）child---children　foot---feet　 tooth---teeth&& mouse---mice　 man---men　woman---women　& 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。& 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形　如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin　 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: && a dollar,　 a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如：staff& people　police　cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff& a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，&the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。& 如：The Chinese are industries and brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 　&&一千零一夜&&是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)　trousers,　clothes&； 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);　suit(套); two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 复合名词的复数形式： && 名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1）用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会& students reading-room 学生阅览室　& talks table 谈判桌　&&& the foreign languages department 外语系 2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workers　　women teachers　gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车)& arms produce　武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs　两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)& a ten-mile walk 十里路　 two-hundred trees 两百棵树&&&&&&&&&&& a five-year plan　一个五年计划　　&可数名词单复数知识体系：
&不同国籍人的单复数：
不定冠词的概念：
冠词是置于名词前，说明各词所表示的人或事物的一种虚词，它不能离开名词而单独存在。冠词有两种，一种是定冠词，一种是不定冠词。定冠词是the，不定冠词有两种形式，一是a，另一是an。不定冠词a用于辅音音素起首的单词前，an用于元音音素起首的单词前。如：a bike,& a dog,& an egg,& an elephant不定冠词的特殊用法：
(1)用于序数词之前，表示数量或序数的增加： 如：Soon I saw a second plane.不久我又看到了另一架飞机。 &&&&&&& "This is the second time that I've read the book."&“这是我第二次看这本书。”&&&&&&&&& &"Do you want to read it a third time?"“你还想看第三次吗?” (2)用于表示“非常”、“很”等意义的most前： 如：This is a most interesting story. 这是一个非常有趣的故事。(3)用于物质名词前，使之转化为具体名词，表示“一种”、“一杯之量”等： 如：A coffee, please. 请给我来杯咖啡。&&&&&&&&&I'd like a tea, please. 我要来杯茶。 (4)用于抽象名词前，使之具体化，表示与该之相关的具体的人或事： 如：He was a success in business. 他事业成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件令人愉快的事。 (5)用于指人的专有名词前，指某人、某人的作品或艺术品、…似(式)的人等： 如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 &&&&&&& He thought he was a Zhu Geliang. 他自以为是诸葛亮。 (6)用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等义(通常与have,take,make,give等动词连用)： 如：Let's go out for a walk. 我们出去走走吧。 如：Do you care for as moke? 抽烟吗?&&&&&&&& Would you like a drink? 要喝一杯吗?(7)有的不可数名词或本来带有定冠词the的名词，由于受定语的修饰，其前可用不定冠词，表示某种状态。此时的不定冠词含有类似akindof的意思： 如：have breakfast 吃早餐─have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界─a world like ours 像我们这样的世界 (8)构成短语表示数量： 如：a few apples 几个苹果&&&&&&& a little money 一点点钱 &&&&&&& a lot of time 许多时间&&&&&&& a great many friends 许多朋友不定冠词与one的用法解析：
1、两者均可表示“一”的意思，有时可互换。如：About a[one] thousand students attended the meeting. 大约有1000学生参加了会议。注：在数字开头时，两者均可用；但若不是数字开头，则应用one，如不可说three thousand a hundred，而说three thousand one hundred&& 如：A [One]Mr Smith wants to see you. 一个名叫史密斯先生的人想见你。(a Mr...与one Mr...同义，也可说a certain Mr...，但如果没有Mr这样的词，两者则不宜随便互换，否则含意会发生变化。2、尽管两者均可表示“一”，有时也可换用，但毕竟由于两者的词性不同，用法不同，在多数情况下是不能互换的： (1)从词性上看：a(an)是不定冠词，主要表示类别，即着重表示其后的名词是某物，而不是其他物；而one表示“一(个)”时是数词，主要表示数量，即强调在数量上是一个，而不是两个或多个。比较：Give me a dictionary. 给我一本字典。&&&&&&&&&&& Give me one dictionary. 给我一本字典。前者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是一本教材，也不是一本小说等；而后者强调的是，我要的是一本字典，而不是两本字典或多本字典)。再比较以下一组表达在意义上的区别：more than a year一年多 (如一年零三个月等) more than one year 不止一年 (如两年或三年等)(2)由于one是数词，着重数量意义，所以当要强调数量、进行数量对比或回答how many的提问时，均应用one，而不能用a(an)。如：He has only one pen, but I have two. 他只有一枝钢笔，但我有两枝。 &&&&&&& I want one box, not five. 我想要一个盒子，不是要五个。&&&&&&&& —How many friends do you have here? 你在这儿有多少个朋友？&&&&&&& —Only one.&&只有一个。 (3)在某些表达中，两者均可用，但含义不同：at a time 每次，同时&&& at one time 一度，曾经 as a man 就一个人的性格而论& as one man一起，同时，全体一致地在某些表达中，两者均可用，虽含义相同，但表达不同： on a hot summe rafternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意用介词on) one hot summer afternoon 一个炎热的夏日的下午(注意不用介词on)& an hour and a half一个半小时(通常不说one hour and a half) one and a half hours 一个半小时 a minute or two一两分钟(通常不说one minute or two) one or two minutes 一两分种在绝大多数习语中，两者是不能换用的。如：in a hurry 匆忙&&&& once up on a time 从前&&&& as a result& 结果&&&&& all of a sudden突然&& &oneday 一天&& one by one一个一个地&&&& one and all 全部，每个人&&&one and the same 完全相同的 英语不定冠词(a/an)的用法：
1、用a还是an：一般说来，辅音或半元音[j, w]开头的词要前用a。如：He has a computer (watch). 他有一台电脑(一块手表)。 &&&&&&& He's a university student (European). 他是大学生(欧洲人)。元音开头的词前要用an。如：This is an egg (hones tboy). 这是一只鸡蛋(诚实的男孩)。注意：有的字母(如a,e,f,h,i等) 或缩略词，若第一个音是元音也应用an。如：He missed an "n" in the word. 他写的这个单词漏了一个n。 2、不要从汉语习惯出发，漏掉必用的a/an。如：他父亲是著名诗人。误：His father is famous poet. 正：His father is a famous poet. 3、用于转化为普通名词的专有名词前，表示某某人或某某人的一部作品、艺术品等。如：A Mr Smith wants to see you. 一位叫史密斯先生的人想见你。 &&&&&&& He bought a complete Lu Hsun. 他买了一套鲁迅全集。 4、用于转化为普通名词的物质名词前，表示相应的产品或种类，有时表示数量关系。如：It’sagoodwine.这是(一种)好酒。 Twocoffeesandatea,please.请来两杯咖啡和一杯茶。 5、用于具体化的抽象名词前，表示与该抽象名词意义相关的人或事等。如：The party was a great success. 晚会开得非常成功。 &&&&&&& It's a pleasure to talk with you. 同你谈话是件愉快的事。 6、用于某些由动词转化来或具有动作意味的名词前，表示一次、一番等意义。如：Let me have a look. 让我看看吧。 &&&&&&& I'll give the car a good wash. 我要把车好好洗一洗。 7、用于序数词前表示数量或序数的增加。如：He bought a second computer. 他又买了一台(即第二台)电脑。 &&&&&&& Later she borne a third son. 后来她又生了第三个儿子。 8、有的不可数名词或本来应该带定冠词(the)的名词，由于受定语(尤其是形容词)的修饰，其前一般要用不定冠词或改用不定冠词，表示某种状态，此时的不定冠词通常含有a kind of的意思。如：have breakfast 吃早餐→have a quick breakfast 吃快餐 &&&&&&& the world 世界→a world like ours 像我们这样的世界注：有些不可数名词即使受形容词的修饰也不能用不定冠词，容易弄错的有：news(消息)，advice(忠告)，luck(运气)，fortune(运气)，work(工作)，fun(娱乐，有趣的事)，weather(天气)，homework(家庭作业)，housework(家务活)，information(情报)，behavior(行为)，harm(伤害)，damage(损害)，progress(进步)，furniture(家具)，baggage(行李)，luggage(行李)，poetry(诗)，scenery(风景)等。 9、两个单数可数名词连用表示一个整体时，只用一个不定冠词。如：He is a teacher and poet. 他既是老师又是诗人。 &&&&&&& There's a horse and cart on the road. 路上有一辆马车。 10、不定冠词可用来表示“类属”，这是其基本用法，它表明的是某一类属中的每一个人和东西都能说明该类属的整体情况(有类似汉语的“举一反三”或“以此类推”的含义)。此时也可用定冠词或名词复数形式来表示。如：马是有用的动物。正：A horse is a useful animal. 正：The horse is a useful animal. 正：Horses are useful animals. 若不是说明每一个人和东西的情况，而是说整个类属，则不能用不定冠词，而要用定冠词。如：The tiger is indanger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。 &&&&&&& Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876.亚历山大·格雷汉母·贝尔于1876年发明了电话。不定冠词知识体系：
使用不定冠词和不用不定冠词的差异：1、英语中的某些名词即可用作不可数名词，又可用作可数名词，但是含义不同，用法也不一样。如：iron 铁；an iron 一个熨斗&&&&&&& kindness 和善； a kindness 一件善事2、“with+抽象名词”使用时相当于副词，抽象名词前不用不定冠词。如：with pleasure& 乐意地&&&&&&& with kindness& 亲切地&&&&&&& with joy& 高兴地&&&&&&& with diffculty 吃力地&&&&&&& with angry&&&&生气地但在“with+a+名词”结构中虽有不定冠词，却没有实际意义。如：with a smile 微笑地&&&&&&& with an effort 努力地&&&&&&& with a light heart& 愉快地
因汉语习惯用错不定冠词的几种情形：(1)单数可数名词若泛指，其前需加a/an，不要按汉语习惯漏掉此不定冠词：如：他是著名影星。正：Heisafamousfilmstar. 误：Heisfamousfilmstar. (2)不定冠词不能与指示代词、物主代词、所有格等连用：如：我在公园遇到了我的一位朋友。正：Imetafriendofmineinthepark. 误：Imetmyafriendinthepark. (3)不要受汉语影响而用错不定冠词位置：如：我从未读过如此有趣的书。正：Ihaveneverreadsuchaninterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasuchinterestingbook. 误：Ihaveneverreadasointerestingbook.
不定冠词的省略与重复： (1)在不引起误会的情况下，两个并列名词中的后一个名词前的不定冠词可以省略：如：The noun is the name of a person or thing. 名词是人和物的名称。 (2)当两个并列名词指的是同一个人时，后一名词前的不定冠词通常省略： 如：His father is a teacher and poet. 他父亲是位教师兼诗人。 但如果要强调这两种身份，也可后一个不定冠词：His father is a teacher and a poet. 他父亲既是教师，又是诗人。 有时，由于两个并列的名词关系比较紧密、被视为一个整体，也可只用一个冠词：A man and woman are walking arm-in-arm.一对男女手挽着手走着。 (3)两个形容词并列同时修饰一个名词时，若该名词指的是两个事物，则通常应分别使用两个冠词： 如：We have a black and a white cat. 我们养了一只黑猫和一只白猫。(比较：We have a black and white cat. 我们养了一只黑白花猫。) 但是，有时两个并列的名词只一个事物，为了加强语气，也有了两个冠词：如：It was a cold and a dark night. 那是一个又冷又黑的夜晚。 (4)有些由两样东西构成的“自然成对”使用的事物，通常只在其前使用一个冠词： 如：a knife and fork一副刀叉& &&&&&&& a cup and saucer 一副茶杯与茶托 &&&&&&& a horse and cart 一辆马车&&&&&&& a needle and thread 一根带线的针 &&&&&&& hire a car and driver 租一辆配有司机的汽车有时连第一个冠词也省略(尤其是与介词连用时)：如：with knife and fork 用刀叉(5)当要对两个并列的名词进行选择和比较方面的强调时，通常应重复两个冠词： 如：Give me a pen, not a pencil. 给我一支钢笔，不是铅笔。 &&&&&&& Do you want a novel or a dictionary? 你是想要本小说，还是想要本字典？关系代词的概念：
英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose, that, which, 它们是用来引导定语从句的。关系代词既代表定语从句所修饰的词，又在其所引导的从句中承担一个成分，如主语、宾语、表语、或定语。如：This is the man who saved your son. (who在从句中作主语，先行词是man）&&&&&&&& The man whom I met yesterday is Jim. &&&&&&& A child whose parents are dead is an orphan. &&&&&&& He wants a room whose window looks out over the sea.关系代词用法：
1、that与which的用法区别：&&&&& 两者都可指物，常可互换。其区别主要在于： （1）引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which： 如：She received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise. 她收到了老板的邀请，这是她意想不到的。 （2）直接放在介词后作宾语时，通常要用which： 如：The tool with which he is working is called a hammer. 他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子。 （3）当先行词是下列不定代词或被它们修饰时much, little, none, all, few, every(thing), any(thing), no(thing)等时，通常用that： 如：There was little that the enemy could do but surrender. 敌人无法,只有投降了。 &&&&&&& All[Everything] that can be done must be done. 凡能做的事都必须做。 （4）当先行词有the very, the only, the same等修饰时，通常用that： 如：This is the only example that I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。 &&&&&&& Those are the very words that he used. 那是他的原话。 （5）当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词（包括last, next等）等修饰时，通常用that： 如：This is the best dictionary that I've ever used. 这是我用过的最好的词典。 &&&&&&& The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan. 你应该做的第一件事是订个计划。& （6）当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时，通常用that： 如：China is not the country(that) it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 （7）当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时，通常用that： 如：They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them. 他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事。 （8）当要避免重复时： 如：Which is the course that we are to take? 我们选哪门课程？ 2、that与who的用法区别： （1）两者均可指人，有时可互换： 如：All that[who] heard him were delighted. 所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴。&&&& &&&&&&& Have you met anybody that[who] has been to Paris? 你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗? &&&&&&& He is the only one among us that[who] knows Russian. 他是我们中间唯一懂俄语的人。 （2）但是在下列情况，通常要用that：&& &①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时：&如：I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad. 我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告。 && ②当先行词是who时(为避免重复)： 如：Who was it that won the World Cup in1982? 谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？ && ③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略)： 如：Tom is not the boy(that) he was. 汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了。关系代词知识体系：
&关系代词用法拓展：
1、as与which的用法区别：(1)引导限制性定语从句时，在such,as,thesame后只能用as，其他情况用which： 如：I never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲那样的故事。 &&&&&&& It's the same story as I heard yesterday. 这故事跟我昨天听到的一样。 &&&&&&& This is the photo which shows my house. 这张照片拍的是我的住宅。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句时，有时两者可互换： 如：I live a long way from work, as [which] you know. 我住得离工作单位很远，这你是知道的。 (3)但在，在以下情况引导非限制性定语从句时，两者不可换用： ①当从句位于主句前面时，只用as： 如：As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. 月球每月绕地球转一周，这是每个人都清楚的。 ②as引导的非限制性定语从句应与主句在意义上和谐一致，which无此限制： 如：He went abroad, as[which] was expected. 他出国了，这是大家预料到的。 &&&&&&& He went abroad, which was unexpected. 他出国了，这让大家感到很意外。(不用as) ③as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词通常不能是主句中某个具体的词，而应是整个句子、整个短语或某个短语推断出来的概念，而which则无此限制： 如：The river, which flows through London, is called the Thames. 这条流经伦敦的河叫泰晤士河。(不用as) ④当as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时，其谓语通常应是连系动词，而不宜是其他动词，而which则无此限制： 如：She has married again, as[which] seemed natural. 她又结婚了，这似乎很自常。 &&&&&&& She has married again, which delighted us.她又结婚了，这使我们很高兴。(不用as) 2、who与whom的用法区别：两者均只用于人，从理论上说，who为主格，whom为宾格： 如：Where's the girl who sells the tickets? 卖票的女孩在哪里？ &&&&&&& The author whom you criticized in your view has written a letter in reply. 你在评论中批评的那个作者已写了一封回信。但实际上，除非在正式文体中，宾格关系代词whom往往省略不用，或用who或that代之： 如：The man(that, who, whom) you met just now is called Jim. 你刚遇见的那个人叫吉姆。不过，在以下几种情况值得注意： (1)直接跟在介词后面作宾语时，只能用whom，而且不能省略： 如：She brought with her three friends, none of whom I had ever met before. 她带了3个朋友来，我以前都没见过。 (2)引导非限制性定语从句且作宾语时，who和whom均可用，但以用whom为佳，此时也不能省略： 如：This is Jack, who[whom] you haven't met before. 这是杰克，你以前没见过。介词和介词短语的概念：
介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词可以分为时间介词、地点介词、方式介词和其他介词。 误用介词的三种情况：
1、多用介词：多用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将及物动词误用作不及物动词，也可能是受相关结构的影响而用错：误：We discussed about the plan.正：We discussed the plan. 我们讨论了计划。误：Did he mention about the accident? 正：Did he mention the accident? 他提到那次事故了吗? 误：I saw her enter into the bank. 正：I saw her enter the bank. 我看见她进了银行。误：He married with[to] a nurse.正：He married a nurse. 他同一位护士结了婚。误：How can contact with you? 正：How can contact you? 我怎么与你联系? 误：We should serve for the people heart and soul. 正：We should serve the people heart and soul. 我们应该全心全意地为人民服务。误：Who controls over the factory? (但名词control可接over) 正：Who controls the factory? 谁管理这个工厂? 误：He has a great many of friends here. (比较a great number of) 正：He has a great many friends here. 他在这儿有很多朋友。 2、漏用介词：漏用介词可能是受汉语意思的影响将不及物动词误用作及物动词，或是受相关结构的影响的影响而用错等：误：This matter is difficult to deal. (deal with=处理) 正：This matter is difficult to deal with. 这事很难处理。误：He is not a man to be depended. 正：He is not a man to be depended on. 他不是个可靠的人。误：He took a cup of tea, and went on the story. 正：He took a cup of tea, and wentonwiththestory.他喝了一口茶，又接着讲故事。误：My mother still regards me a child. (比较consider…as中的as可省略) 正：My mother still regards me as a child. 我母亲还把我当小孩看。误：They insisted sending a car over to fetch us. 正：They insisted on sending a car over to fetch us.他们坚持要派车来接我们。误：What he says is worth listening. 正：What he said is worth listening to.他的话值得一听。3、错用介词：错用介词的情况比较复杂，可能是因受汉语意思的而错，也可能是因弄不清搭配关系而错，可能是混淆用法而错，也可能是受相关结构的影响而错，可能是忽略语境而错，也可能是想当然的用错：误：She called on his office yesterday. (call on+人，call at+地点) 正：She called at his office yesterday. 她昨天去了他办公室拜访。误：He is engaged with a nurse. 正：He is engaged to a nurse.他与一位护士订了婚。误：The sun rises from the east. 正：The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。误：Under his help, I finished it in time. 正：With his help, I finished it in time. 在他的帮助下，我及时做完了。误：During he was in Japan, he visited many places. 正：During his stay in Japan, he visited many places.他在日本期间,参观过许多地方。误：We are familiar to his character. 正：We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。误：Help yourself with the fruit. 正：Help yourself to the fruit.吃点水果吧。介词的宾语：
&1、名词或代词作介词宾语：如：Are you interested in history? 你对历史感兴趣吗？ &&&&&&& Don't worry about it. 别为它担心。注：若是人称代词用作介词宾语，要注意用宾格。如：No one can sing like her. 没有人能像她那样唱歌。(不能用like she)2、动名词作介词宾语：如：He is good at telling stories. 他善于讲故事。&&&&&&&&&In crossing the street he was run over. 他在穿过马路时被汽车撞倒。 3、过去分词作介词宾语：如：We can't regard the matter as settled. 我们不能认为这事已经解决。 &&&&&&& I take it for granted you have read the book. 我以为你读过这本书。注：过去分词用作介词宾语通常只见于某些固定结构中，如上面第1句涉及regard…as(认为…是)结构，第2句涉及take sth for granted(认为某事属实)。在其他情况下，介词后通常不直接跟过去分词作宾语，若语义上需要接过去分词(表被动)，可换用“being+过去分词”： 如：He went out without being seen by the others.他出去了，没有被其他人看见。 4、从句作介词宾语：如：He was not satisfied with what she said. 他对她说的不满意。 &&&&&&& I'm worried about where he is. 我担心他上哪儿去了。注：介词后通常不接that从句，遇此情况需考虑用其他结构：误：He paid no attention to that she was poor. 正：He paid no attention to the fact that she was poor. 他根本不注意她很穷这一事实。但有个别介词(如except)可接that从句。比较：I know nothing about him except that he lives next door./I know nothing about him except for the fact that he lives next door. 我只知道他住在隔壁,其它的就不知道了。 5、不定式作介词宾语： 如：I had no choice but to wait. 除了等，我没有别的选择。&&&&&&&&He wanted nothing but to stay there. 他只想留在那儿。 &&&&&& They did nothing but complain. 他们老是一个劲地抱怨。&&&&&&&&He never did anything but watch TV. 除了看电视，他从不干任何事。注：(1)介词后接不定式的情形通常只见于but, except等极个别个词。该不定式有时带to，有时不带to，其区别是：若其前出现了动词do，其后的不定式通常不带to；若其前没有出现动词do，则其后的不定式通常带to。& (2)介词后虽然通常不直接跟不定式作宾语，但却可接“连接代词(副词)+不定式”结构： 如：He gave me some advice on how to do it. 对于如何做这事他给我提了些建议。 6、形容词作介词宾语：如：Her pronunciation is far from perfect. 她的语音远不是完美的。 &&&&&&& In short, we must be prepared. 总而言之，我们要有准备。 &&&&&&& Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。注：(1)有些形容词用作介词宾语可视为其前省略了动名词being： 如：He regarded the situationas(being) serious. 他认为形势严重。 &&&&&&& His work is far from(being) satisfactory. 他的工作丝毫不令人满意。&(2)有些“介词+形容词”的结构已构成固定搭配：in full全部地，全面地，无省略地； in private私下地，秘密地； in particular特别地；in general一般地，通常地，概括地； in brief 简言之；in short总之，简言之； in vain徒然地，徒劳无益地；for fee免费地，无偿地； for certain肯定地，确切地；for sure肯定地，确切地； for short为了简短，简称；atl arge自由自在地，逍遥法外； by far…得多7、副词作介词宾语：如：I can't stay for long. 我不能久呆。&&&&&&&& It's too hot in here. 这里面太热了。 &&&&&&& I looked every where except there. 除了那儿，我到处都看过了。 8、数词作介词宾语：如：The city has a population of four million. 这座城市有四百万人口。 &&&&&&& He was among the first to arrive. 他是第一批到的。 9、介词短语作介词宾语： 如：Choose a book from among these. 从这些书中选一本吧。 &&&&&&& I saw her from across the street. 我从街的对面望见了她。 注：通常可后接介词短语作宾语的介词是from, till, until, since, except, instead of等。比较：I took it from the bed. 我从床那儿(或床上)拿的。 &&&&&&&&&&& I took it from under the bed. 我从床下拿的。&10、复合结构用作介词宾语：如：She had no objection to Mary marrying him. 她不反对玛丽与他结婚。 &&&&&&& She came in with a book in her hand. 她手里拿着一本书走了进来。 &&&&&&& All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. 整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
介词短语的句法功能： 1、表语：如：He was with a friend. 他和一个朋友在一起。 &&&&&&& Health is above wealth. 健康胜过财富。 &&&&&&& This knife is for cutting bread. 这把小刀是用于切面包的。注：有些介词(如because of)引出的短语通常只用作状语，不用作表语：误：His absence is because of the rain. 正：His absence is due to the rain. 他因雨未来。但是，若主语是代词(不是名词)，becauseof引出的短语可用作表语： 如：It is because of hard work. 那是因为辛苦工作的原因。 2、状语：如：Don't touch it with your hands. 别用手去摸它。 &&&&&&& Did you do this by design or by accident? 你这样做是有意的还是无意的？ 3、定语：如：This is his reply to your letter. 这是他给你的回信。 &&&&&&& This is the best way of doing it. 这是做此事最好的方法。 &&&&&&& My love for you is deeper than the sea. 我对你的爱比海深。 4、宾语补足语： 如：I found everythingin good condition. 我发现一切正常。 &&&&&& Her illness kept her in bed for a week. 她因生病在床上躺了一星期。注：用作宾语补足语的介词短语在相应的被动语态中则为主语补足语： 如：He was regarded as a hero. 他被看成是英雄。 5、宾语：如：A man stepped out from behind the wall. 一个人从墙后走出来。 &&&&&&& He cannot spare anytime except on Sunday. 除星期日外，他抽不出时间。 6、主语：如：Between6 and 7 suits me. 六点到七点对我比较适合。 &&&&&&& After the exams is the time to relax. 考试后是轻松一下的时间。注：介词短语通常不用作主语，尽管有时也像上面这样用作主语，但通常可视为是在一定的上下文中有所省略： 如：—When are we going to have the next meeting? 我们下次什么时候见面？&&&&&&& —On Tuesday may be convenient. 星期二可能比较方便。此句中onTuesday虽用作主语，但可视为是其前省略了meeting一词：即：Meeting during the vacation may be convenient.
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