谁认识这个植物？最大的特点就是锯齿状叶子。 - 知乎4被浏览<strong class="NumberBoard-itemValue" title="分享邀请回答32 条评论分享收藏感谢收起0添加评论分享收藏感谢收起写回答加载中…1/5 细长的叶子，虽然是野草却有兰花的风姿——长叶龙头草长叶龙头草是一种植物，长叶龙头草是一种与原变种不同在于叶狭三角状卵圆形，基部平截至浅心形，疏生锯齿，叶柄顶端宽展。来源 图解百科加载中…2/5 细长的叶子，虽然是野草却有兰花的风姿——长叶龙头草长叶龙头草花序顶生或腋生，为由聚伞花序组成的长总状花序。来源 图解百科加载中…3/5 细长的叶子，虽然是野草却有兰花的风姿——长叶龙头草长叶龙头草的小坚果圆状长圆形，平滑，密被短柔毛，腹面微呈三棱形，基部具一小果脐。来源 图解百科加载中…4/5 细长的叶子，虽然是野草却有兰花的风姿——长叶龙头草长叶龙头草山坡林下阴湿地或山谷溪边。海拔500米左右。来源 图解百科加载中…5/5 细长的叶子，虽然是野草却有兰花的风姿——长叶龙头草长叶龙头草分布在贵州，湖北的宣恩,利川,保康。（作者：啊绿绿绿w）来源 图解百科精彩推荐科学解释细长状叶子的形成原因
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科学解释细长状叶子的形成原因
Applied mathematicians（应用数学家） dissected the morphology（形态学） of the plantain lily（玉簪花） (Hosta lancifolia), a characteristic long leaf with a saddle-like arc（弧） midsection（中央部分，腹部） and closely packed ripples（涟漪，皱纹） along the edges. The simple cause of the lily's fan-like shape—elastic relaxation（弹性松弛） resulting from bending during differential growth—was revealed by using an equally simple technique, stretching foam ribbons. Haiyi Liang, a postdoctoral（博士后的） student at Harvard's School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS), and L. Mahadevan, the Lola England de Valpine Professor of Applied Mathematics at SEAS and a core faculty member of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, were inspired to study the formation of laminae（薄片，薄层） (thin leaf-like structures) because they are so commonplace in biology.
The work had its origins in conversations that Mahadevan had with experimental biologists Mimi Koehl at the University of California, Berkeley and Wendy Silk from the University of California, Davis, who showed him examples of such morphologies in long submarine algal（海藻的） blades.
"These blades have rippled edges when they grow in slowly moving water. When they are transplanted to environments that have rapidly moving water, they generate new blades which are much narrower," says Mahadevan. "This example of phenotypic plasticity（表型可塑性）, or the ability of the algae to change their shape in response to environmental forces, led to a paper co-authored with Koehl and Silk last year that focused primarily on the experimental findings."
Inspired by this, Mahadevan and Liang developed an analog model（模拟模型） to understand how a long leaf is formed by pulling flat, foam ribbons, measuring approximately 4.3" x 1.5" (about the size of a large bookmark), beyond their elastic（有弹性的） limit and then letting them go. These stretching strains were applied preferentially（优先地） to the horizontal edges so that the foam ribbon naturally forms a saddle-like shape when it relaxes. In the same scenario, but with a four-fold increase of strain on the horizontal edges, ripples will form along the edges, producing a series of small undulating（波状的） waves.
An equivalent growth-induced strain, highest along the edges and lessening toward the middle, occurs as a long leaf grows, leading to the elegant arc and serrated（锯齿状的） surface of the leaves in plants like the lily. This effect is widely seen, says Mahadevan, in a variety of common objects and activities.
"When knitting a scarf, as the number of stitches（线圈） is increased as the knitter（编织机） moves away from the center, the material forms a saddle shape（鞍形）. As the edge length becomes much larger ripples begin to appear. The same effect can be seen when thin potato slices are dropped into hot oil to make chips. You end up with a bulbous（球根的） middle and wrinkled edges," he explains.
The researchers also dissected the leaves of the plantain lily to show that elastic strain resulting from differential growth led to the patterns seen in real leaves. From this simple experiment, the researchers then developed a mathematical model explaining the shape, using a combination of scaling concepts, stability analysis, and numerical simulations.
"While the phenomena has been studied previously, researchers did not consider the role of finite size of a leaf on the stability or the effect of boundaries. Further, our study characterizes, mathematically, the range of parameters that quantify the shape and diversity in leaf morphology," adds Mahadevan.
The resulting model has application in understanding a variety of artificial systems such as non-uniform thermal expansion, hydraulic（水力的，水压的） swelling（膨胀的）, and plasticity induced shape changes in thin laminae.
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喜欢该文的人也喜欢有种植物叶子细长锯齿状，根部象天麻，不知道是什么_百度知道
有种植物叶子细长锯齿状，根部象天麻，不知道是什么
别人给的，说是天麻，天麻也不是这样的呀，就是根儿像，这到底是什么
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　　像不像冬虫夏草？这是你图片植物的幼苗期。&　　你好，这种植物草石蚕，别名 ：甘露子、滴露、地蚕、甘露儿、土蚰、宝塔菜、蜗儿菜、土虫草、土人参、土蕊子、毛菜、风子草、地牯牛草、地纽、螺丝菜。　　秋季春季采挖，好吃，也有一定的药用功能，解表清肺；利湿解毒；补虚健脾。&&&& 资源分布：分布于河北、山西、江苏、安徽、浙江、四川、云南等地。&&&& 农民也有大面积种植。
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