中考英语同义句转换方法透析及相关练习
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中考英语同义句转换方法透析及相关练习
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中考英语同义句转换方法透析及相关练习
文 章来 源莲山 课件 w ww.5Y k J.cO m 中考英语同义句转换方法透析及相关练习
总所周知，语言是思想、情感交流的载体。相同的意思有时可以用不同的方式表达。了解并学会多种表达法，能更好地适应交际的需要。同义句转换也是中考常考题型。此类题型考生失分较大。现归纳以下解题方法与思路。一、运用同义词或同义词组e.g.& 1. I got a letter from my brother last weekend.&&&& = I heard from my brother last weekend.&&&& 2.His little sister could dress herself when she was three years old.& = His little sister was able to dress herself at the age of three.这类题目首先要注意比较上下两句，找出需要改动的地方，运用同义词或同义词组进行转换。还要注意把握两句的时态、数的单复和主谓一致等。Exercises:1.A.The children are having a good time in the park now.& B. The children are__________ ____________ in the park _________ _________ ___________.2.A.He spent thirty minutes in finishing his homework. My God.&B._____ _________ him ________ _________ _________ ________ finish his homework.3.A.Very soon the baby started crying.& B. In ________ ___________ the baby _________ ________ cry.4.A.What do you think of the movie you saw last week?& B.___________ do you __________ the movie you saw last week?5.A.There is only an old chair in the room.B. There’s _________ __________ an old chair in the room.6.A.What’s the matter with you, young man?&B. What’s _________ with you, young man?7.A.Did you have any problems in working out the math problem?& B. Did you have ______________ in _____________ the math problem?8.A.He’ll come to my birthday soon after he finishes his project.& B. He’ll come to my birthday __________ __________ ________ his project is finished.
二、运用反义词或反义词组e.g.& 1.She failed the English exam last time.&&&&& = She didn’t pass the English exam last time.&&&& 2.His house is near the school.&&&&& = His house isn’t far from the school.&&&&& = His house is close to the school.&&& 这类题目可以否定句中的动词或形容词，是两句意思相符。仍然要注意动词时态一致。Exercise:9.A.I don’t think the pig is beautiful.& B._______ ________ ___________, the pig is __________.10..A.All of the questions are easy.&& B.____________ __________ the questions is _________________.11..A.They didn’t find anything under the desk..& B. They _____________ ____________ under the desk.三、动词短语转换成介词短语e.g. 1.Yesterday Mr. King went to New York by air.&&&& = Mr. King flew to New York yesterday.此类题目关键就是使用恰当的介词短语，还要注意动词时态一致。Exercises:12..A. Helen always goes to school on foot.&& B. Helen always ____________ __________school.13.A.Tom used a brush to clean his shoes.&& B. Tom ________ his shoes ____________ a brush.14.A. Manuel usually goes to work by subway, sometimes he rides his motorcycle.B. Manuel usually ________the subway to work, but at times he goes to work ______ motorbike.
四、单句转换成复句，或者复句转换成单句e.g. 1.She found him a very clever student.= She found that he was a pretty clever student.2.The gate is quite wide.& Two cars can go through it at the same time.= The gate is so wide that two cars can go through it together.此类题目需要熟悉一些重要的句型和短语。例如：too… to …; so …that…; not… until…等。还要注意了解相关转换类型，如：without短语与if/ unless条件状语从句的转换；enough to …与so …that …的转换；too…to…,not…enough to…, so…that …not…的相互转换等。
Exercises:15.A.Mrs Green doesn’t like traveling by plane at all, I think.&& B.I ____________ think Mrs. Green ___________ traveling a lot.16.A.The boy is too young to go to school.&& B. The boy is __________ young ________ he __________ do to school.&& C. The boy isn’t _______ ____________ _________ go to school.17.A.Fish can’t live if there’s no water.&& B. Fish can’t live ___________ _________ water.&& C. Fish can’t live __________ there _______ water.18.A.He seemed tired last night.&& B._________ __________ that _______ was tired last night.19.A.The book is so difficult that none of us ca read it.&& B.The book is ________ difficult _________ us ________ read.&& C The book _________ ________ ________ for us to read.20.A.I can’t finish the work on time if you don’t help me.&& B.I can’t finish the work on time ___________ __________ ___________.&& C.I can’t finish the work on time _________ you ________ me ______ ___________.21.A.I think it easy to work out the physic problem.& B.I think I _______ work out the physic problem _____________ .& C.________ easy ________ me _______ work out the physic problem.
五、同一单词的不同词性相互转换e.g.& .He promised to help us.&&&& = He made a promise to help us.& 此类题目要求学生在记单词的时候要理解它们的词性。功在平时，博闻强识。Exercise：22.A.Jim didn’t come to school because he was ill.&& B. Jim didn’t come to school ___________ _________ his ____________.23A.Mike decided to try to learn English well.& B Mike ___________ a __________ to try to learn English well.24.A.Let’s discuss it together, OK?&& B.__________ you please ___________ a ____________ with us?25.A.He is a successful actor.&& B. He _____________ in __________.26.A. What he said surprised us.&& B. We __________ ____________ _________ his words.27.A. The story interested them a lot.&& B. The story ____________ them very _____________ .
六、并列复合连词连接或改写原句e.g. .Maria has been to Shanghai, so has Kate.&&&&& = Both Maria and Kate have been to Shanghai.&& 此类题目特别要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致。还要对象一些短语比较熟悉，例如：either…or…, both…and…., neither… nor…; not only… but also…。还有一些句型，例如：So + 动词+主语； …, too.等。Exercises:28.A.She can’t answer the question, neither can I.&& B._____________ she ____________ I _________ answer the question.&& C._____________ __________ us _________ answer the question.D. She can’t answer the question, and I can’t, _____________.29.A.Grace went to bed after she finished doing her homework.&& B. Grace ____________ _________ to bed ___________ she finished her homework.30.A. Lucy went to the cinema, John went to the cinema, too.&& B. _________ _________ Lucy __________ __________ John went to the cinema.31.A. You can go there by ship or you may go there by plane.&& B. You may go there _________ by ship __________ by plane.32.A. In the place one can’t stand up and one can’t lie down either.&& B. In the place one __________ ___________ stand up ____________ lie down.
&七、主动语态与被动语态的转换e.g. Father made his children work hard every day.= The children were made to work hard every day.此类题目要注意时态的一致，主语和谓语在数上的一致，短语的完整性。特别注意有些主动语态中生的省to 不定时改为被动语态后要还原不定时符号to.Exercises：33.A. The student were asked to finished their homework in class by the teacher.&& B. The teacher __________ __________ ________ finish their homework in class.34.A. We must look after old people well.&& B. Old people ___________ _________ __________ ________ well.35.A. People built this bridge 1500 years ago.&& B. This bridge _________ ___________ 1500 years ago.36.A. People grow rice in southern China.&& B. Rice _______ ___________ in southern China.37.A. A large number of people speak English in the world.&& B. English __________ ____________ ________ many people in the world.
八、动作动词与状态动词的相互转换e.g.&&& I borrowed this book from the school library three weeks ago.&&&&&& = I have kept this library book for three weeks.& 此类题目既要要求对一些动作动词（常是瞬间动词）相关的状态动词（常是非延续动词）很熟悉，还要注意时态的变化，通常是一般现在时变为现在完成时。特别注意瞬间动词不能与表示一段的时间状语联用；有些句子在变化时主语要作一定的调整。Exercises:38.A. The young man has been in the army for four years.&& B. The young man ___________ the army four years _________.C. __________ two years ___________ the young man ________ the army .39.A. His uncle bought the new house two and a half years ago.&& B. His uncle ___________ __________ the new house for ________ ________ and ______ _________.40.A. It’s about ten minutes since he left the room.&& B. He ________ the room ten minutes __________.&&& C. He ________ __________ ___________ ___________ the room for about ten minutes.41.A. I closed the window two minutes ago.B. The window __________ ___________ ____________ for two minutes.42.A. He became an English teacher 15 years ago.& B. He ________ ____________ an English __________ 15 years ago.C. He __________ __________ English for 15 years.& D. It ________ ____________ 15 years ____________ he started teaching English 15 years ago.
九、宾语从句与动词不定式之间的转换e.g.& Please tell me how I can get to the nearest post office.&&&&& = Could you tell me how to get to the nearest post office?&& 此类题目要求学生明白疑问词与动词不定时连用的含义，构成不定时结构如：how to…,when to…, what to…, where to…等。还要注意一些含动词不定式的短语，如：ask sb.(not) to do sth., tell sb. (not) to do sth.等。Exercises:43.A. Our teacher told him that he shouldn’t be late the next time.&& B. Our teacher told him __________ __________ _________ late the next time.44A. They are thinking of what they should do next.B. They are thinking of ___________ ________ ____________ next.45.A. Can you let me know when they will start?&& B. Could you please tell me __________ __________ ___________?46A. They piled the snow in one place so that they could make a snowman.& B. They piled the snow in one place _________ __________ _______ make a snowman.
十、直接引语和间接引语间的转换e.g.& 1.“Listen carefully, Jack.” Said the Math teacher.&&&&& = The math teacher ___________ Jack __________ __________ carefully.&& 2. “What does your feather do?” Mrs. Yang asked .&&&& = Mrs. Yang asked him ___________ _________ father ___________.此类题目要注意陈述语序和疑问语序间的转换、时态的变化、人称代词的变化、物主代词的变化，以及一些时间、地点甚至指示代词的变化。Exercises:47.A. “Don’t look out of the window, Lin Xiang.” Mr. Wu said angrily.&& B. Mr. Wu __________ Lin Xiang ___________ __________ look out of the window.48.A. “ What are you doing here in the classroom?” he asked.&& B. He asked me ___________ _________ __________ _________ __________ in the classroom.49.A. “The sun is much bigger than the earth.” Mother told me .&& B. Mother told me ________ the sun& ___________ much bigger than the earth.50.A. “What are you doing now? father asked.&& B. Father asked her what ________ _________ _________ _________.51. A. “Do you like English best?” our Chinese teacher asked.&& B. Our Chinese teacher asks Julie _________ ________ _________ English best.
十一、含形容词的短语和含副词的短语间的转换e.g.&& The rain was heavy last night.&&&&& = It rained heavily last night.&&& 此类题目关键就是理解句子含义，灵活地运用相关的不同词性的词或短语。Exercises:52. A. Bruce has breakfast quickly and then goes to school.&&& B. Bruce has _________ ___________ breakfast and then he goes to school.53.A. The wind is very strong outside.&& B. It is ______________ _______________ outside.54.A. The problems are easy for him to work out.&& B. He can work out the problems ___________.
十二、陈述句与感叹句及两种形式感叹句间的转换e.g.& The boy drew a very beautiful flower.&&&& = How beautiful a flower the boy drew1&&&& = What a beautiful flower the boy drew!&& 此类题目要求学生能够完全掌握what和how引导的感叹句的构成，并能灵活运用。Exercises:55.A. What a strong wind it is!&& B. ____________ ___________ the wind ________ _____________!56.A. How interesting the English lesson is!& B. _____________ -__________ interesting English lesson it is!57.A. She is quite a clever girl.&& B. _________ ___________ the girl is!&& C. __________ -_______ __________ girl she is!
十三、形容词、副词三种等级之间的转换e.g.&& Henry is taller than the other students in our class.&&&&& = Henry is the tallest student in our class.&&& 此类题目需要学生能够熟悉形容词、副词的构成规律，能够灵活运用一些有关形容词和副词比较等级的句型结构，如：（1）more and more…,（2） the +比较级+of the two …; （3）The +比较级…, the +(另一词)比较级…。 特别要清楚表示最高级范围的结构，如：（1）in+组织/单位，（2）of +与主语同类别的人或物。表示排除主语的结构，如：（10）the other +名词复数；（2）any other +名词单数。表示相同性质比较的结构，as+形容词/副词（原级）+ not as/so …as….。解题时注意交换句子主语，用反义词进行改写；或者用比较级表示最高级含义。Exercises:58.A. He is the best at English of all the students in his class.&& B. _____________ ___________ is___________ at English than he.59.A. Joe is shorter than any other student in his class.&& B. Joe is __________ ____________ ____________ all the students in the class.&& C. ______________ else is taller than Joe in the class.&&& D. _____________ else is _______ short _________ Joe in the class.60.A. Tiger Woods plays golf best of all the three golfers.&& B. Tiger Woods plays golf ________ ___________ __________ ________ ________ golfers.61.A. The sun is much bigger than the earth.&& B. The earth is much __________ than the sun.62.A. Light travels faster than sound.&& B. Sound travels __________ ___________ than light.&& C. Sound __________ travel _________ __________ _________ light.63.A. English is more popular than French.&& B. French is ___________ __________ than English64.A. The Changjiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China.&& B. The Changjinag River is _________ than ___________ _________ river in China.65.This story isn’t as interesting as that one.&& B. This story is __________ interesting than that one.&& C. That story is __________ interesting than this story.
十四、“祈使句+and/or …”结构与if 条件状语从句间的转换e.g.& If you run a little faster, you’ll catch up with your classmates.&&&&& = Run faster, and you’ll catch up with your classmates.&& 此类题目要注意句子的肯定与否定，正确使用and 和or。 Exercises:66.A. Hurry up, or you’ll be late for school.&& B. _______ you _________ hurry up, you won’t get to school ________ _________.67.A. Be more careful, and you can get better grades next time.&& B. _______ you _________ more careful, you can get better grades next time.
十五、形式主语/宾语it和不定式主语/宾语及从句、动名词间的转换e.g.& Talking to you is nice.&&&& = It’s nice talking to you.Exercises:68.A. To learn English well is not easy.& B. _________ _________ easy _________ learn English well.69.A. That he didn’t come worries us all.&& B. _______ worries all of us _________ he didn’t come
十六、其它形式e.g.&& What’s wrong with your mother?&&&&& = What’s the matter with your mother?Exercises:70.A. What subject do you like best?&& B. ___________ your ____________ subject?71.A. What does his uncle do?&& B. ___________ his uncle?&& C. What’s his ____________ ____________?72.A. Cab I help you?&& B. ________ can I ________ __________ you?73.A. How many people are there in the country?&& B. ______________ the ______________ of the country?74.A. What the meaning of this word、&& B. What does this word ___________?75.A. Ted has so much money that he can buy a very big house.&& B. Ted ________ _________ ________ _______ buy a very big house.&& C. Ted _______ _________ ________ buy a big house.
当然，这里只是对同义句转换题作一个方法上的讨论，以期起到“抛砖引玉”的作用。要真正能够做对这类题型，还要同学们在平时下苦功夫，多研究，多总结，多记忆。
附答案：1.having, fun/ enjoying, at, the ,moment&&&& 2.It ,took, half, an ,hour ,&&&& 3.no time, began/started ,&& 4.How ,&&& 5.nothing, but&&&& 6.& 7.difficulty,&&& 8.as soon ,as&& ;9.In, my, opinion,& 10.None, of ,&& 11.found,&& 12.walks, to&& 13.cleaned ,&& 14.takes,&&&& 15.don’t,&& 16.so, that, can’t; old ,enough ,&&&&&&&&&& 17.without ,&&&&&&&&&&&& 18.It ,seemed,&&& 19.too ,for ,to, isn’t, easy,&&&&&&&&&&&&& 20.without, your, help, unless, give, a,&&& 21.can, easily, It’s, for,&&&&&& 22.because, of,&&&& 23.made,&&&& 24.Could, have,&&&& 25.succeeds,&&&&&&&&&&&& 26.were, surprised,& 27.made,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 28.Neither, nor, can, Neither, of,29.didn’t, go, until/&& 30.Not, only, but,&& 31.either,&& 32.can, neither,&& 33.asked, them,&& 34.must, be, looked,&& 35.was,& 36.is,&& 37.is,&& 38.joined, It’s, since,&&&&&&&&&&& 39.has, had, two, years, a,&&& 40.left, ago, has, been, away,&&& 41.has, been,&& 42.has, been, has, has, been,&& 43.not, to,&&& 44.what, to,&&&&&&&&& 45.when, to,& 46.in, order, to/ so, as,&& 47.asked, not,&& 48.what, I, was, doing,& 49.that,&& 50.she, was, doing,&& 51.if/wether, she,&& 52.a,& 53.blowing,&& 54.&&& 55.How, strongly, is,& 56.What, an,&&& 57.How, What, a,&&& 58.Nobody, else, better&&& 59.the, shortest, Everyone/Everybody, Nobody, as/so,&&&&&& 60.better, than, the, other,& 61.&& 62.more, doesn’t, as/so, fast,& 63.less,&& 64.longer, any,&& 65.&& 66.If, don’t, on,&& 67.If, are,&&& 68.It, isn’t/ It’s, not,&& 69.It,& 70.What’s,&& 71.What’s, uncle’s,&& 72.What, do,&& 73.What’&& 74.& 75.is, rich, enough, can, afford, to
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