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题号：641786试题类型：单选题 知识点：可数名词及其单复数,动名词,表语从句,缩写与简写&&更新日期：
_______ for the dog. You’d better __________ it.A.L get away withB.W get away from C.B get close toD.B get out of
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可数名词：
是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式，当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时，句子的谓语也应用复数形式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
可数名词复数的规则变化：&
1.清辅音后读/s/; 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/;&
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 的词　
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词　　
变y 为i再加es
baby-babies另外： 1）以y 结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：　 如：two Marys　the Henrys&&&&& monkey---monkeys　holiday---holidays　　 比较：层楼：storey---storeys　 story---stories 2）以o 结尾的名词，变复数时： a. 加s，如： photo---photos　　piano---pianos&b. 加es，如：potato--potatoes　tomato--tomatoes c. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes　 3）以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时： a. 加s，如： belief---beliefs　roof---roofs&& safe---safes　 gulf---gulfs； b. 去f, fe 加ves，如：half---halves　knife---knives　leaf---leaves　wolf---wolves& wife---wives　life---lives　thief---thieves； c. 均可，如：handkerchief:& handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 可数名词复数的不规则变化： 1）child---children　foot---feet　 tooth---teeth&& mouse---mice　 man---men　woman---women　& 注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。& 如：an Englishman，two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。 2）单复同形　如： deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese li，jin，yuan，two li，three mu，four jin　 但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: && a dollar,　 a meter, two meters 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。 如：staff& people　police　cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说a staff& a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，&the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。& 如：The Chinese are industries and brave.　中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4）以s 结尾，仍为单数的名词，如： a. maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States，the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。 　"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. 　&&一千零一夜&&是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜)　trousers,　clothes&； 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);　suit(套); two pairs of trousers 6）另外还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes（各种）鱼 复合名词的复数形式： && 名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数，但也有以下例外。 1）用复数作定语。 如：sports meeting 运动会& students reading-room 学生阅览室　& talks table 谈判桌　&&& the foreign languages department 外语系 2）man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如：men workers　　women teachers　gentlemen officials 3）有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。 如：goods train (货车)& arms produce　武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4）数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如：two-dozen eggs　两打/（二十四个鸡蛋)& a ten-mile walk 十里路　 two-hundred trees 两百棵树&&&&&&&&&&& a five-year plan　一个五年计划　　&
可数名词单复数知识体系：
不同国籍人的单复数：
动名词概念：
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰，动名词有时态和语态的变化。
现在分词和动名词用法比较：
动词的-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词两种形式。他们的句法功能如下：动词的-ing形式如果作句子的主语或者宾语时，应该是动名词形式；如果作补语或者状语时，应该是现在分词形式。那么作表语或者定语的动名词和现在分词又该怎样区分呢？ 1、动名词与现在分词作表语时的比较：（1）动名词作表语说明主语的内容，回答what的问题；现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，说明主语的性质、特征等，回答how的问题。如：One of the best exercises is swimming. 游泳是最好的运动项目之一。&&&&&&&& What pleases him most is bathing in the sea. 最使他高兴的事是在海中沐浴。&&&&&&&&&The situation both at home and abroad is very in-spiring. 国内外的形势都很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& The color is pleasing to the eye. 颜色悦目。 （2）动名词作表语，表语和主语几乎处于同等地位，可以互换位置，其句意不变；现在分词作表语，表语和主语则不能互换位置。如：Our work is serving the people.&&&&& （＝Serving the people is our work.）我们的工作是为人民服务。&&&&&&&&&The news was disappointing. 那消息令人失望。 （3）作表语的现在分词前可以用very，quite，rather，greatly等副词修饰，而动名词则不可以。如：What he said was very encouraging. 他的话很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& Our goal is realizing the four modernizations in the near future. 我们的目标是在不久的将来实现四个现代化。 （4）现在分词与形容词一样可以和more，the most构成形容词的比较级和最高级，而动名词则不可以。如：The story is the most fascinating. 那个故事最迷人。 （5）作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外，还可以和其它的系动词连用；而作表语的动名词则通常只能和be连用。如：His speech seems inspiring．他的演讲似乎很鼓舞人心。 &&&&&&& His interest is writing for the news papers. 他的爱好是给报社写文章。 （6）有些用作表语的现在分词已经形容词化了。常见的有：exciting，moving，inspiring，missing，interesting，disappointing等。 2、动名词与现在分词作定语时的比较：（1）动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；现在分词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词正在进行的动作，和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，常可以扩展成一个定语从句。如：a swimming girl＝a girl who is swimming 一个在游泳的姑娘 &&&&&&& a walking stick＝a stick that is used for walking 一根拐杖 （2）现在分词作定语有时可以后置，而动名词则通常只能放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：The girl wearing glasses is one of his students. 戴眼镜的那个女孩是他的一个学生。 &&&&&&& I bought some reading materials. 我买了一些阅读材料。
&动名词的用法：
1、作主语：例如：Fighting broke out between the South and the North. 南方与北方开战了。　2、作宾语：　　a. 有些动词可以用动名词作宾语。例如：admit承认 appreciate感激 avoid避免 complete完成 consider认为 delay耽误 deny否认 detest讨厌 endure忍受 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 fancy想象 finish完成 imagine想象 mind介意 miss想念 postpone推迟 practice训练 recall回忆 resent讨厌 resume继续 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 face面对 include包括 stand忍受 understand理解 forgive宽恕 keep继续例如：Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗？&&&&& 　 The squirrel was lucky that it just missed being caught. 这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。　　　　　b. 有些结构后面可以用动名词作宾语或其他成分。例如：admit to &prefer...to& &burst out& &keep on&& insist on&& count on&& set about&& put off&& be good at&& take up&& give up&& be successful in& &be used to& &lead to& devote oneself to&& object to &stick to& no good&& no use be fond of& &look forward to& be proud of&& be busy& &can't help &be tired of&& be capable of&& be afraid of& &think of3、作表语，对主语说明、解释：例如：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。比较：She is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children. 4、作定语，一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途：例如：a writing desk=a desk for writing 写字台 &&&&&&&&&&& a swimming pool=a pool swimming 游泳池有些动名词作定语，与所修饰的名词关系比较复杂。例如：boiling point=a temperature point at which something begins to boil 沸点 &&&&&&&&&&& a walking tractor=a tractor which a driver can operate while he or she is walking behind it 手扶拖拉机
动名词知识体系：
动名词与不定式用法对比：
表语从句的概念：
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, when。
表语从句用法：
1、表语从句的引导词：引导表语从句的词有连词that, whether，连接代词和连接副词，关系代词型what，以及as if,as though,because等连词： 如：The fact is that he doesn't really try. 事实是他没有做真正的努力。 &&&&&&& The question is whether the film is worth seeing. 问题是这部电影是否值得看。 &&&&&&& The problem is how we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。 &&&&&&& That was when I was fifteen. 这是我15岁时发生的事。&&&&&&&&&It isn't as if you were going away for ever. 又不是你离开不回来了。 &&&&&&& It is because I love you too much. 那是因为我太爱你了。注：whether可此导表语从句，但与之同义的if 却通常不用于引导表语从句；because可引导表语从句，但与之同义的since, as, for等也不用于引导表语从句。 2、连词that的省略问题引导表语从句的that通常不省略，但在口语或非正式文体中有时也可省略： 如：My idea is(that) we should do it right away. 我的意见是我们应该马上干。&&&&&&& The trouble is(that) he is ill. 糟糕的
表语从句用法拓展：
名词性从句在be等系动词后作表语时被称为表语从句，表语从句只能置于主句之后，而主句的动词只能是联系动词。例如：The problem is how we can get the things we need. 问题是我们怎样能弄到我们需要的东西。(how在表语从句中充当方式状语) 　　&&&&&&&&&&& The scissors are not what I need. 这把剪刀不是我所需要的。(what在表语从句中充当宾语) 　　&&&&&&&&&&& What I told him was that I would find him a good play. &&&&&&&&&&& 我告诉他的是我会给他找个好剧本。(what在主语从句中作直接宾语，that作为表语从句的引导词在该表语从句中不充当句子成分，不能省略) 　　&&&&&&&&&&& That is what I want to tell you. 那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在表语从句中充当直接宾语) 　　&&&&&&&&&&& That is why she failed to pass the exam. 那就是她考试不及格的原因。(why在表语从句中充当原因状语) 注意：“That is why...”是常用句型，意为“这就是……的原因/因此……”，其中why引导的名词性从句在句中作表语，该句型通常用于针对前面已经说明过的原因进行总结：如：That is why you see this old woman before you know, Jeanne.珍妮，这就是现在这个老太婆出现在你面前的原因。(前文提到Jeanne对老妇人显得苍老憔悴深感诧异，说话人对她讲述了其中的原因之后，用这一句来进行概括)。//ThatiswhyIcame.这就是我来的原因。下面是两个与“That is why...”形式相似的结构，它们与“That is why...”结构之间的关系要能够辨析清楚：　　（1）“That is why...”与“That is the reason why...”同义，只不过从语法结构上讲，“That is the reason why...”中why引导的是—个定语从句，将其中的the reason去掉则与“That is why...”结构一样：如：That is(the reason) why I can not agree. 这就是我不能同意的理由。　　（2）“That is because...”句型中从属连词because引导的名词性从句在此作表语，这也是个常用句型，意为“这就是为什么……/因为……”。“That is because...”与“That is why...”之间的不同在于“That is because...”指原因或理由，“That is why...”则指由于各种原因所造成的后果：如：He did not see the film last night.&&&&&&& That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework. 昨天晚上他没有去看电影，那是因为他得帮助他的妹妹做作业。(第一句话说明结果，第二句话说明原因) 　　&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&& He had seen the film before. That is why he did not see it last night. 他以前曾看过那部电影，因此他昨天晚上没有去看。(第一句话说明原因，第二句话说明结果)
缩写与简写的概念：
用单词首尾字母组成一个新词的英语构词法叫做首尾字母缩略法。这种形式的英语构词生成的新词，读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 如：Foreign Language Teaching Agency→FLTA上海外教网 &&&&&&& Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福 &&&&&&& Teach English as a Foreign Language→TEFL &&&&&&& Teach English as a Second Language→TESL &&&&&&& Graduate Record Examination→GRE美国研究生入学考试
缩写的几种类型：
1、单词缩写应省略在辅音之后，元音之前：英文单词缩写一般以辅音结尾，而不以元音结尾。如American省略为Am，而不省略为Ame或Amer，Medicine或Medical缩写为Med，European缩写为Eur等。但Science例外，缩写为Sci，可能是因为元音I之后又是元音E的缘故。缩写刊名每个词首字母必须大写，而不可全部都用大写或小写。2、压缩字母法：仅个别单词采用压缩字母方式缩写。如：Japanese缩写为Jpn而不是Jan&&&&&&& National应缩写为Natl而不是Nat经常有读者将Japanese写成Jan是参考文献著录中常见的错误。如：Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology，应缩写为JpnJOphthalmol，National Cancer Institute Research Report缩写为NatlCancerInstResRep。而Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写，如：NatureMedicine, Naturebiotechnology分别缩写为NatMed, NatBiotechnol。另外CN是中国的国别代码，期刊缩写刊名中，ChinaChinese不得缩写为CN，而应缩写为Chin.采用压缩写法是为了避免与其他常用缩写混淆。如：Japanese不能缩写为Jan,可能是Jan是January的固定缩写形式，National缩写为Natl而不缩写为Nat,可能是Nat是Nature和Natural的缩写。 3、学科名称缩写：刊名中学科名称缩写很常见，因而了解学科名缩写规则非常必要。凡以-ogy结尾的单词，一律将词尾-ogy去掉，如Cardiology缩写为Cariol，Biology缩写为Biol,以-ics结尾的学科名词，缩写时将-ics或连同其前面若干字母略去。如：Physics缩写为Phys。以-try结尾的词，缩写时将-try连同前面若干字母略去。如：chemistry缩写为Chem。其中也包括其他形容词的缩写。 4、刊名中常用词和特殊单词的缩写：期刊名中有些常用单词可以缩写为一个字母。如：Journal缩写为J&&&&&&& Quarterly缩写为Q&&&&&&& Royal缩写为R&&&&&&&&New缩写为N&&&&&&& South缩写为S 5、刊名首字母组合：有些杂志名称缩写采用首字母组合，而且已被固定下来，一般都是国际上有较大影响的期刊，并得到国际上众多索引性检索工具的认同。如：The Journal of American Medical Association缩写为JAMA，&British Medical Journal缩写为BMJ等。 6、国家名称的缩写：刊名中国家名称的缩写分为两种情况。如国家名称为单个词汇，缩写时常略去词尾或词的后部分若干字母。如：American缩写为Am&&&&&&& British缩写为Br&&&&&&& Chinese缩写为Chin而国家名称由多个词组组成时，常取每个词的首字母，如United States of America 缩写为USA或US。 7、虚词一律省略：有许多虚词，如the, of, for, and, on, from, to等，在缩写时均省去。如：Journal of chemistry缩写为J chem&&&&&& Archives of Medical Research缩写为Arch Med Res
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接收老师发送的作业，在线答题。单项选择The dog always _______ at
strangers.
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B.barks barkn.树皮,吠声vi.吠,叫骂vt.喊出,剥树皮【医】 树皮
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B bark（吠）
扫描下载二维码阅读短文，选择正确答案。
Bob and Kim go fishing (钓鱼) with a dog. They feel very hot. So they take off (脱下) their coats on a big stone and go to the bank of the river to look for fish. After a while, they want to wear their coats. They tellthe dog to go back for them.
In fact, it's too hard for him. The dog sees a box under a tree. He puts the two coats into the box. So he can carry the coats at the same time. What a clever dog!1. Bob and Kim
with a dog.
A. go swimming
B. go fishing2. They feel very
B. cold3. They tell the
to go back for their coats.
[
B. cat4. The dog sees
under a tree.
[
B. a box5. Where are their coats?
[
]A. They're on a big stone.
B. They're on a tall tree.6. Is it a clever dog?
[
]A. Yes, it is.
B. No, it isn't. - 跟谁学
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Bob and Kim go fishing (钓鱼) with a dog. They feel very hot. So they take off (脱下) their coats on a big stone and go to the bank of the river to look for fish. After a while, they want to wear their coats. They tellthe dog to go back for them.
In fact, it's too hard for him. The dog sees a box under a tree. He puts the two coats into the box. So he can carry the coats at the same time. What a clever dog!1. Bob and Kim
with a dog.
A. go swimming
B. go fishing2. They feel very
B. cold3. They tell the
to go back for their coats.
[
B. cat4. The dog sees
under a tree.
[
B. a box5. Where are their coats?
[
]A. They're on a big stone.
B. They're on a tall tree.6. Is it a clever dog?
[
]A. Yes, it is.
B. No, it isn't.阅读短文，选择正确答案。
Bob and Kim go fishing (钓鱼) with a dog. They feel very hot. So they take off (脱下) their coats on a big stone and go to the bank of the river to look for fish. After a while, they want to wear their coats. They tellthe dog to go back for them.
In fact, it's too hard for him. The dog sees a box under a tree. He puts the two coats into the box. So he can carry the coats at the same time. What a clever dog!1. Bob and Kim
with a dog.
A. go swimming
B. go fishing2. They feel very
B. cold3. They tell the
to go back for their coats.
[
B. cat4. The dog sees
under a tree.
[
B. a box5. Where are their coats?
[
]A. They're on a big stone.
B. They're on a tall tree.6. Is it a clever dog?
[
]A. Yes, it is.
B. No, it isn't.科目:最佳答案1. B
6. A解析
知识点:&&基础试题拔高试题热门知识点最新试题
关注我们官方微信关于跟谁学服务支持帮助中心Look,thedog___(run)after a cat.用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.添runs,runing,run都不行吗?
Look,the dog is running after a cat动词和名词的区别 run侧重于状态 a five minutes' run 跑步需五分钟.running侧重于动作,它更多的用于非谓语形式 running after 应该是 running
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