Carol Dweck: The power of believing that you can improve | TED Talk
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Carol Dweck高中英语知识点总结
《高中英语》是由电子工业出版社于日出版的图书，作者是陈庆军。主要是对高中课改后的全国高考英语试题课标卷进行全面分析，旨在帮助中学英语教师和高三学生详细了解高考命题方向及今后命题的趋势。该书其他章节按高考专题分类，包括单项填空、完形填空、阅读理解、写作及经典检测。
话题素材&&友谊
1.friendly adj. 友好的 &
&&&&2.generous adj. 慷慨的；大方的
3.warm&hearted adj. 热心的 &
4.communicate vi. 交流
5.treasure vt. 珍惜
6.have a lot in common 有许多共同之处
7.help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境
8.make friends with sb. 和某人交朋友
9.trust each other 相互信任
10.be willing to help others 乐于助人
11.get along/on with 与&&相处；进展
12.turn to sb. for help &向某人寻求帮助
13.share happiness as well as sorrows 同甘共苦
14.be concerned about 关心；担心
15.keep one's word/promise 守信用
1.As is known to all, good friends add happiness and value to life.
众所周知，好朋友会给生活增加快乐，使生活更有意义。
2.With the help of my friend, I made such progress that I was praised by the teacher.
在朋友的帮助下，我取得了如此大的进步，以致于受到了老师的表扬。
3.It_was your help and kindness that made my study and life here special and enjoyable.
正是你的帮助和热心让我在这儿的学习和生活既特别又快乐。
[精美语篇]
We need friends to offer us help, support and encouragement. With success achieved, we also need friends to share our joys. Knowing how valuable friendship is, we should be very careful in making friends.&Real friends are those who&have good character, superior ability and kindness of heart. Real friends can&share all our sorrows and double all our joys. While making friends, we should&take care to select those who have such fine qualities. Friendship means&we get supported and helped&while at the same time&supporting and helping our friends. We should trust each other and do our best to lend a hand whenever in trouble.&Keep in mind that.
1．upset&(adj.) 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 (vt.) 使不安；使心烦&upset(过去式)&upset&(过去分词)&upsetting&(现在分词)
2．ignore&(vt.) 不理睬；忽视&ignorance&(n.) 无知&ignorant&(adj.) 无知的；不了解的
3．concern&(vt.) (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 (n.) 担心；关注；(利害)关系&concerned&(adj.) 担心的；有关的&concerning&(prep.) 关于；有关
4．entire&(adj.) 整个的；完全的；全部的&entirely&(adv.) 完全地；全然地；整个地
5．settle&(vi.) 安家；定居；停留 (vt.) 使定居；安排；解决&settlement&(n.) 定居；解决&settler(n.) 定居者；移民
6．suffer&(vt. &&vi.) 遭受；忍受；经历&suffering&(n.) 痛苦；苦难&sufferer&(n.) 患病者；受苦难者
7．power&(n.) 能力；力量；权力&powerful&(adj.) 强大的；强有力的&powerless&(反义词) (adj.) 无力的；没有能力的；无权力的
8．recover&(vt. &&vi.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得&recovery&(n.) 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
9．exactly&(adv.) 确实如此；正是；确切地&exact&(adj.) 确切的；精确的
10．disagree&(vi.) 不同意&agree(反义词)(vi.) 同意&disagreement&(n.) 不同意
1．add_up　　 &合计
2．calm_(...)_down&&(使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
3．be_concerned_about&&关心；挂念
4．go_through&&经历；经受
5．suffer_from&&遭受；患病
6．get/be_tired_of&&对&&厌烦
7．set_down&&记下；放下；登记
8．on_purpose&&故意
9．fall_in_love&&相爱；爱上
10．join_in&&参加；加入
11．have_got_to&&不得不；必须
12．no longer/not... any longer &不再&&
13．pack_(sth.)_up&&将(东西)装箱打包
14．in_order_to&&为了
15．a_series_of&&一连串的；一系列；一套
1．状语从句的省略：while＋分词结构&当&&的时候&
While_walking_the_dog&(在遛狗时)，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(教材P1)
2．before 引导时间状语从句，意为&在&&之后才&，有时也可理解为&还没等&&就&&&
She and her family hid away for nearly twenty&five months&before_they_were_discovered&(他们才被发现)．(教材P2)
3．It is... that/who... 强调句型
I wonder if&it's_because_I_haven't_been_able_to_be_outdoors_&for_so_long_that&(是因为我长久无法出门的缘故)I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(教材P2)
4．There was a time when... &曾经有段时间&&&，此处when引导的是定语从句，可记作固定句式
I can well remember that&there_was_a_time_when(有段时光) a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.(教材P2)
5．It/This/That is/was the first time that... &这/那是某人第一次做某事&，此结构中的从句部分要用完成时
It_was_the_first_time&(这是第一次)in a year and a half that&I'd_seen&(我目睹了)the night face to face...(教材P2)
6．&with＋宾语＋宾补&复合结构
Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot&with_so_many_clothes_on&(穿着这么多衣服)．(教材P5)
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Add up your score ________ see how many points you get.
2．Are you afraid that your friend would laugh________ you, or would not understand ________you are going through?
答案： what
3．That's changed ________I came here.
答案：since
4．I stayed awake ________ purpose until half past eleven in order ________ (have) a good look at the moon by myself.
答案： to have
5．Another time, five months ago, I ________ (happen) to be upstairs at dusk.
答案：happened
6．The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me ________ (entire) in their power.
答案：entirely
7．I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains ________(hang) before very dusty window.
答案：hanging
8．It's no pleasure ________ (look) through these any longer because nature is one thing ________ really must be experienced.
答案： that
9．I am having some trouble ________ my classmates at the moment.
答案：with
10．Although I try to talk to my classmates, I still find ________ hard to make good friends with them.
1　　upset　adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的　vt.使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打乱(计划)等
Your friend comes to school very&upset.(P1)
你的朋友来上学时心很烦。
(1)be upset&about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心
be upset&to_do&sth. 对做某事感到心烦
be upset that... &&让人不安/心烦
(2)upset sb./sth. 使人心烦/打翻某物
upset oneself&about&sth. 为某事而烦恼
It&upsets sb. that... 让某人心烦的是&&
upset one's&stomach&使(肠胃)不适
(1)upset为表语形容词，通常不用作定语。
(2)upset的过去式和过去分词形式为upset；其现在分词形式为upsetting。
①She was upset&to_know&that her application for the position was refused.
得知她对这个职位的申请遭到拒绝，她感到很沮丧。
②[牛津高阶]Don't upset yourself&about&it&let's just forget it ever happened.
不要为那件事烦恼&&咱们就只当它没发生过。
③It_upsets_him&that nobody had bothered to tell him about the news.
让他不高兴的是没有人把这个消息告诉他。
④[牛津高阶]He arrived an hour late and&upset_all_our_arrangements.
他迟到了一个小时，把我们的一切安排都打乱了。
⑤[一言辨异]The flies kept&upsetting&Xiao Li when he was doing his homework. He was so&upset&that he&upset&the cup on the desk.
小李做作业的时候，几只苍蝇一直打扰他。他非常心烦意乱，结果打翻了桌子上的杯子。
2　　calm　vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定　adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的
You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to&calm&your friend down.(P1)
你将不理会上课铃声，去一个安静的地方让你的朋友平静下来。
calmly adv. 镇静地；沉着地be/stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静
①He took a few deep breaths to&calm_himself_down.
他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。
②[牛津高阶]It's important to&keep/remain/stay_calm&in an emergency.
情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。
③&I'll call the doctor，& he&said_calmly.
&我去请医生。&他镇定地说。
平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动
宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑
寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音
静止的，不动的；指(人体等)无运动的
④[一言辨异]When facing danger, one should keep&_when taken photos, one should keep&_when someone else is asleep, one should keep&_in class, one shouldn't keep&silent&about the teacher's questions.
当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照像时，要保持不动；其他人睡觉时要保持安静；而在课上，不应该对老师的问题保持沉默。
3　　concern　vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．担心；关注；(利害)关系
Tell your friend that you are&concerned&about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.(P1)
告诉你的朋友你很关心他(她)，下课后你们会见面交谈。
(1)concern oneself&about/with对&&表示关心
(2)concerned&adj.担心的；关注的
be concerned&about/for sth.担心&&；关心&&
be concerned&with与&&有关；涉及
as/so far as...be&concerned&就&&而言；依&&之见
(3)concerning&prep.有关；关于
&concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为&关心的，挂念的，担心的&；如果要表示&相关的，有关的&，作定语要后置。例如：a concerned look关切的神色；the authorities concerned有关当局。
①[2016&全国卷Ⅱ]Others are concerned&about/for&using gardening methods that require less water and fewer fertilizers.
其他人都关注用水和肥料较少的园艺方法。
②[牛津高阶]This chapter concerns itself&with&the historical background.
本章旨在讲述历史背景。
③He asked several questions&concerning&the future of the company.
他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。
④As_far_as_I'm_concerned,_it can also be a sharing experience when the same book is being appreciated.
就我个人而言，赏读同一本书也是一次共同分享的经历。
[联想]　as/so far as sb. be concerned的同义表达：
①in one's opinion/view
②from one's point of view
③personally (speaking)
4　suffer　vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
She&suffered&from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.(P4)
她受到了孤独的折磨，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。
&(1)suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship
遭受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难
suffer&from...受&&折磨，受&&之苦；患病
(2)suffering&n. [U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛苦，疼痛，困难 [C]痛苦，苦恼的事
sufferer&n. 患病者；受苦者；受难者
①[2016&江苏高考]She&suffered&a lot of&defeats&at the previous track meets.
在以前的田径比赛中，她遭受了很多的失败。
②[牛津高阶]Many companies are&suffering_from&a shortage of skilled staff.
许多公司苦于缺乏熟练员工。
③The old man is said to have gone through varieties of&sufferings&during the war.
据说这位老人在战争期间经历了各种痛苦。
④She received many letters of support from fellow&sufferers.
她收到了许多有过共同遭遇的人的支持的信件。
5　　recover　vt.& vi.痊愈；恢复；重新获得
How can Linda&recover&from her illness in this room when it's so dirty and dusty？(P4)
在这样脏的、布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会好呢？
(1)recover&sth.找回某物；恢复(能力、健康等)
recover&from&sth.从&&中恢复
recover&oneself恢复知觉；重新控制
(2)recovery&n．恢复健康；重新获得
make a recovery&from... 从&&中恢复
①The police eventually&recovered&the stolen paintings stored in the Palace Museum.
警方最终追回了储藏在故宫博物院被盗的油画。
②[牛津高阶]He is still recovering&from&his operation.
手术后，他仍在恢复之中。
③She seemed upset but quickly&recovered_herself.
她显得心烦意乱，但很快就静下心来了。
④He made a quick&recovery_from&his illness and was soon back at work.
他生病后康复得很快，不久就去上班了。
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Light is a ________ (power) biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet.
答案：powerful　考查形容词。powerful&强大的；有影响力的&，此处用来修饰名词短语biological force。
2．Since her mother left home, the room has become untidy and ________ (dust)．
答案：dusty　考查形容词。dusty&积满灰尘的&，与untidy并列，在句中作表语。
3．________(concern) about the student, the teacher called his parents to find out why he was so often absent from class.
答案：Concerned　考查非谓语动词作状语。be concerned about&关心；担心&，此处省略be动词，在句中作状语。虽然是过去分词形式，但不表被动，表状态，故填Concerned。
4．One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfactions as volunteers was the amount of ________(suffer) they experienced in their volunteer positions.
答案：suffering　考查词形转换。根据空格处所缺成分为介词宾语可知，应填suffer的名词。
5．________ (ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
答案：Ignoring　考查动名词作主语。句子缺少主语，因此用动名词作主语。
6．There is no sense ________ (upset) yourself about it now. Look forward and everything will be all right.
答案：upsetting　考查固定结构。There is no sense doing sth. &做某事无意义&。
7．&Have you finished your experiment report, Jane?
&Oh, my God. I've ________ (entire) forgotten all about that.
答案：entirely　考查副词。entirely&完全地&，在此处修饰动词forgotten。
8．They ________(agree) to my proposal at the beginning, but I persuaded them finally.
答案：disagreed　考查词形转换。根据语意可知，此处意为&不同意&，且时态与persuaded一致，故应填disagreed。
9．There is much chance that Jenny will recover ________his injury in time for the race.
答案：from　考查固定短语。recover from意为&从&&中恢复过来&。
10．With many problems ________(settle), the newly&elected chairman is having a hard time.
答案：to settle　考查with复合结构。根据语意可知，此处表示问题还未解决，且with意为&有&，故用不定式的主动形式表被动。
1　　add up&合计；加起来
Add up&your score and see how many points you get.(P1)
把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分。
(1)add sth.&to&sth.把&&加到/进&&里
add&up_to加起来共计/达(不用于被动语态)
add to增加；增添
(2)add that...补充说&&
(3)addition&n. 加；(数)加法；增加
in&addition另外；此外(还有)
in addition&to&除&&之外
①Add_up&all the money I owe you.
把我欠你的钱都加在一起。
②Please&add_some_sugar_to&the milk to make it more delicious.
请在牛奶里加些糖使牛奶更美味。
③The heavy rain&added_to&the difficulty in rescuing the buried people.
大雨增加了营救被埋人员的困难。
④The official expressed great concern over the food safety,&adding_that&the government would take more measures to prevent such a case happening again.
这位官员表达了对食品安全的极大关心，补充说政府将会采取更多措施阻止这样的事情再次发生。
⑤[牛津高阶]In_addition_to&these arrangements, extra ambulances will be on duty until midnight.
除了这些安排外，另增救护车将会值班至午夜。
2　　go through&经历；完成；仔细检查；通过
Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are&going through？(P2)
或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？
go up 上涨；上升；攀登go over 复习；仔细检查
①[2016&全国卷Ⅰ]I'd be very grateful if you could take some time to&go_through&my resume and make necessary changes.
如果你能花时间仔细看看我的简历并作出一些必要的修改的话，我将会非常感激。
②写出下列句子中go through的含义
a．Not until he&went through&real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.经历
b．I always start the day by&going through&my mail.仔细检查
c．The boy&went through&two whole loaves of bread.用光；耗尽
d．We&went through&two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.通过；穿过
③用适当的介词或副词填空
a．The country has gone&through&too many wars since the ancient times.
b．Things will get easier as time goes&by.
c．Go&over&your work before you hand it in.
d．You shouldn't buy houses because their price is going&up.
e．Human beings shouldn't go&against&nature to live.
3get along/on with&与(某人)相处；(某事)进展(如何)
I'm&getting along&well&with&a boy in my class.(P6)
我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好。
get&across&&讲明白；被理解
get&away_with&&做坏事而不受罚
get&over&&克服
get&into&&进入；染上
get&down_to&&开始认真做&&
get&through&&(电话)接通；用完；通过
①As an out－going girl, I&get_along_well_with&my classmates.
作为一个开朗的女孩，我与同学们相处得很融洽。
②Believe in yourself and you will&get_over&the difficulty.
相信你自己，你会克服困难的。
③He's not very good at&getting&his idea&across.
他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。
④The headmaster wouldn't have students&getting_away_with&cheating in the exam.
校长绝不允许学生考试中作弊而不受惩罚。
⑤[牛津高阶]It's time I&got_down_to&thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
⑥Don't let yourself&get_into&bad habits.
不要让你自己染上坏习惯了。
4　set down&记下；放下；登记
I don't want to&set down&a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.(P2)
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把这个朋友称作基蒂。
set about doing 着手做某事(尤指费时费力的事)set out to do sth. 开始/着手做某事(为达到某个结果)
①[2016&全国卷Ⅲ]We can&set_out&early so that we'll have more time to read and select books.
我们可以早动身，这样我们就会有更多时间来阅读和挑选书了。
②[牛津高阶]She tries to&set_aside&some money every month.
她每个月都尽量存点钱。
③A gang of boys were&setting_off&fireworks in the street.
一帮男孩正在街上放烟火。
④From a long&term point of view, it is time for us to&set_about&solving this problem.
从长远看，到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了。
⑤The police&set_up&roadblocks on routes out of the city.
警察在城外的路上设置了路障。
⑥Please&set&your feelings&down&on paper.
请把你的感想写在纸上。
&add up to； set down； be tired of； get along with； a series of； be in love with； pack up； on purpose； come to power； calm down
1．[牛津高阶]She ________ hearing about their trip to India.
答案：was tired of
2．Jack's been really annoying me and I think he's doing it ________.
答案：on purpose
3．They ________each other for many years before they got married.
答案：had been in love with
4．The government has taken ________ measures to stop house prices from rising sharply.
答案：a series of
5．The boys find it hard to ________ Tom, because he always argues with them over little things.
答案：get along with
6．The money she spends on clothes a month ________ 1,000&yuan.
答案：adds up to
7．Whenever I feel upset, I will try to ________ myself.
答案：calm down
8．When the new ruler ________， he made peace with all his former enemies.
答案：came to power
9．Having had breakfast, he settled down to ________ his things.
答案：packing up
10．The train will stop at the next station to ________ many passengers.
答案：set down
1　　While_walking_the_dog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.(P1)
遛狗时你不小心把狗松开了，狗被汽车撞了。
句中while walking the dog是一个省略句，补全后为：while you were walking the dog。
省略句的条件
①when, while, before, after, unless, if, as if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词
省略句的形式
省略从句中的主语和be动词
解答该考点的题时，主要判断所考动词与句子主语之间的逻辑关系，它们是主动关系时，通常填doing形式；它们是被动关系时，通常填done形式。
①[2016&全国卷Ⅲ]When&(you_are)_buying&fish, you should first smell it.
在买鱼的时候，你应该先闻一闻。
②[2016&全国卷Ⅱ]She gave me a comforting smile, nodded while (she was)&listening&patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately.
她安慰地朝我笑了笑，耐心地边听我说边点头，然后很快地打印出了机票。
③[2016&江苏高考]Firstly, people may feel forced when (they are)&asked&to do things that they don't want to.
首先，人们在被要求做他们不想做的事情时会有压力感。
④[新英汉大词典]If&(it_is)_possible,_I'll go to see my grandparents this weekend.
如果可能的话，这周末我要去看我的祖父母。
2　　I wonder if&it's_because&I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long&that&I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.(P2)
我不知道这是否是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
强调句型的结构
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分
一般疑问句
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他成分？
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他成分？
not...until句型的强调句
It is/was not until＋被强调部分＋that＋句子其他成分
在考查强调句型结构时，经常与其他从句混合考查，因此要分析句型结构，判断是否是强调句型中的that之后再确认答案。例如：It is on the farm&where&we worked together&that&we got to know each other.
分析：第一个黑体字处考查定语从句的连接词where，修饰farm，在从句中作状语，考生会误以为此处填that；其实第二个黑体字处才是强调句型中的that。
①[2016&天津高考]You are waiting at a wrong place.&It_is&at the hotel&that&the coach picks up tourists.
你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接游客的。
②It_was&when we were returning home&that&I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
当我们返回家的时候，我才意识到帮助身处困境的人的感觉真好。
③It_was&not until near the end of the letter&that&she mentioned her own plan.
直到信的末尾，她才提到她自己的计划。
④People all over the world wondered what&it_was_that&resulted in the terrible accident.
全世界的人们都想知道是什么导致这次可怕的意外事故。
3　　...it_was_the_first_time&in a year and a half&that&I'd seen the night face to face...(P2)
&&&这是我一年半以来第一次面对面地凝望这个夜晚&&
It is (high/about) time (that)．..与以上句型有相似之处，但从句中谓语动词的形式不同。
It is (high/about) time that 从句谓语用did或should do。例如：
It's high time that we&should make&full use of every minute to learn English.
&It's high time that we&made&full use of every minute to learn English.
①That was the first time that Dad&had_counted/depended/relied&on me in a moment of emergency.
那是父亲第一次在紧急时刻依靠我。
②[牛津高阶]It's about time you&cleaned_your_room.
你该打扫自己的房间了。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．[2016&天津高考]When ________ (walk) down the street, I came across David, whom I hadn't seen for years.
答案：walking　考查&when＋非谓语动词&结构。其中walk与I 之间为主动关系，故填walking。
2．[2016&江苏高考]A third reason is that social intelligence develops in children before their general cognitive (认知的) skills, at least when ________ (compare) with chimps.
答案：compared　考查&when＋非谓语动词&结构。其中compare与social intelligence之间为被动关系，故填compared。
3．It was the second time that a female ________(elect) Prime Minister in that country.
答案：had been elected　考查固定句式中的时态。主句中用was，从句应用过去完成时态，且female与elect之间为被动关系，故填had been elected。
4．On the contrary, I think it is Truman, rather than you, that ________ (be) to blame.
答案：is　考查主谓一致。此句套用强调句型，强调主语，且主语由rather than连接，根据主谓一致原则和整句时态可知，此处填is。
5．There is only one more day to go ________ your favourite music group play live.
答案：before　考查连词用法。句意：还有一天多时间，你最喜欢的乐队就要现场表演了。根据句意可知，用before。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．[2016&浙江高考]________ not that children are little scientists but ________ scientists are big children.
并不是孩子们是小科学家而是科学家们是大孩子。
答案：I that
2．______________ I got tired of studying maths.
有一段时间我厌倦了学数学。
答案：There was a time when
3．__________________ words and expressions before examination.
我觉得在考试之前复习一下词汇和短语是有必要的。
答案：I think it necessary to go over
4．The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ____________.
这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。
答案：following them
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅰ)
陈述句的间接引语
直接引语是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，多数情况下都构成一个由that 引导的宾语从句(口语中that可以省去)，引述动词通常是say，tell等。与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应地有所变化。
She said to her son, &I'll check your homework tonight.&
&She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.
疑问句的间接引语
1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句
一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, didn't know等。句末用句号。
My teacher asked me，&Do you like American country music？&
&My teacher asked if/whether I liked American country music.
2．否定的一般疑问句和选择疑问句
如果直接引语为否定的一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，用whether...or连接。
She said，&Don't you know my telephone number？&
&She asked me whether I knew her telephone number or not.
1．An English teacher asked his students, &Are you interested in my lessons？&
&An English teacher asked his students ______________ were interested in ________ lessons.
答案：if/ his
2．The girl said to me, &I have left my book in your room.&
&The girl told me that she ________ her book in my room.
答案：had left
3．He said to me, &What's your name？&
&He asked me ________ my name ________.
答案： was
Ⅰ.完形填空(建议用时17&)
&[2017&辽宁葫芦岛六校联合月考]I wouldn't have picked up that dusty card without seeing those big words: DON'T FORGET. I was __1__. Don't forget what? Under the words were three numbered items. 1.Snow peas. 2.Shakespeare. 3.Sadira Kirmani. What was my name doing on someone's list?
Yesterday was my first day here. Since Mrs Allison __2__ me, nobody except the boy with glasses spoke to me and asked if he could have my cake at lunch. I tried to __3__ on the lessons, but my mind went __4__. Snow peas, Shakespeare, and me? &Sadira.& I __5__ when Mrs Allison called my name. &It's time to line up for __6__.&
As I moved through the line, I heard a girl with braces ask, &What's that？&， __7__ at a pan. &Snow peas，& the lady answered. &I'll try some snow peas，& the boy behind me __8__. Snow peas! Number 1 on the list.
After lunch, Mrs Allison __9__ that it was &rhyme time&. The boy who'd asked for snow peas stood up. &OK, Wyatt.& Mrs Allison nodded. &&To be or not to be...&&Wyatt began. When he __10__， Mrs Allison added, &Shakespeare wrote sonnets, a special kind of __11__.& Shakespeare? Number 2 on the list. I started to __12__，wondering what would happen next.
After school, I sat alone on the bus. It was quite a while before I __13__ Wyatt. He smiled in a __14__ way, saying &I wanted to talk to you. I almost forgot.&
&Forgot what？&
&You're Number 3 on my list.&
So now I __15__ what was going on. &My mom's __16__. I'm supposed to try three new things every day.& continued Wyatt.
That night, I made my own __17__. 1.Try the spinach quiche. 2.Offer my __18__ to the boy with glasses.3.Say __19__ to the girl with braces. Then I smiled before adding one more __20__： Thank Wyatt.
篇章导读：本文讲述作者遭遇到转学后的一件事，使作者学会了如何让自己每天尝试三件&新&事。
1．A.enthusiastic & B．grateful
C．curious && D． optimistic
答案：C　根据下文一系列的问题，可推知作者感到很好奇。
2．A.introduced &&& B． encouraged
C．recommended && D． dismissed
答案：A　根据上文&Yesterday was my first day here.&可知，艾利森夫人是介绍&我&。
3．A.bring　 　B．carry　　　C．rely　　　D．concentrate
答案：D　根据上文作者的遭遇，4空前but引出的转折以及下文中的问题&Snow peas, Shakespeare, and me？&可知，此处表示作者想集中注意力。
4．A.weak && B． blank &
C．excited && D． pale
答案：B　根据3题的分析可推知，此处表示大脑一片空白。
5．A.shouted && B． laughed &
C．jumped &&& D． greeted
答案：C　由于上文提到作者注意力不集中，所以老师喊到他名字的时候，他的反应应该是跳起来(jump)。
6．A.class && B． supper &
C．sports && D． lunch
答案：D　根据第四段首句中的After lunch可知，大家排队去吃午饭。
7．A.pointing && B． glaring &
C．knocking && D． coming
答案：A　根据当时的情景可推知，女孩儿指着锅问。故填pointing。
8．A.worked out &&& B． checked out
C．shouted out && D． figured out
答案：C　根据&I'll try some snow peas&可知，后面的男孩应该在大喊。
9．A.predicted && B． announced
C．responded && D． reported
答案：B　根据语境可知，吃完午饭后，艾利森夫人应是宣布下午上什么课。
10．A.finished && B． copied &
C．prepared && D． returned
答案：A　根据上文&To be or not to be...&可知，Wyatt 开始背诗，此处应是背完之后。故填A。
11．A.theatre && B． novel &
C．article && D． poetry
答案：D　根据&it was &rhyme time&．&以及sonnets(十四行诗)可知，应选D项。
12．A.disappoint && B． panic
C．calm && D． annoy
答案：B　到此，卡片上的&Snow peas.&与&Shakespeare.&已经出现，作者想到的是马上应该是有事发生在他身上。故作者有些惊慌。
13．A.knew && B． remembered
C．understood && D． noticed
答案：D　根据下文&He smiled in a __14__ way, saying...&可知，在放学路上作者遇到了Wyatt。根据上文&I sat alone on the bus. It was quite a while before...&可知作者开始没&注意&到Wyatt。
14．A.strict && B． friendly &
C．sad & D.voluntary
答案：B　根据smiled可知，怀亚特是用友好的方式与作者说话。
15．A.pointed out && B． referred to
C．found out && D． appealed to
答案：C　根据上文介绍的语境可知，此处表示作者弄明白了发生了什么事，再结合下文作者的同学说的话，可知答案选C。
16．A.idea && B． invitation
C．command && D． preference
答案：A　根据下文中&I'm supposed to try three new things every day.&可知，此处表示的是怀亚特的妈妈的想法。
17．A.meal && B． list &
C．rhyme & D.cake
答案：B　根据本文讲述的主题可知，作者也学着列单子让自己尝试新事物。
18．A.card && B． peas &&
C．dessert && D． homework
答案：C　由3空前的&...asked if he could have my cake at lunch.&可知，此处用dessert&甜品&。
19．A.please && B． sorry &
C．goodbye && D． hello
答案：D　say hello to sb.表示&与某人打招呼&。
20．A.number && B． entry &
C．person && D． word
答案：B　entry此处表示&词条&，与第一段中的items相呼应。
Ⅱ.阅读理解(建议用时16&)
[2017&华南师大附中模拟]Jack looked up and saw in the distance red and green&navigation&lights coming towards them and knew it must be a naval patrol (巡逻) boat because of its speed. As the humming of the boat's powerful engines drew closer, Jack bent down.
Jack then let out a frightened cry as the&brilliant&beam of a searchlight broke the darkness and swept the fishing boat from head to tail. By its reflected light, Jack could clearly see the similar looks on the faces of other bent ones.
Jack knew that if the patrol boat came close enough, its men would surely see the people hidden in the fishing boat. To collect himself, he&leaned&his head a little so that he could see Derek standing in the head of the boat, holding the tiller (舵柄). Derek&managed&to&wave back at the patrol boat as if he had not a care in the world. How&imperturbable&he was!
Someone on board the patrol boat switched on a loud speaker and a voice, made harsh and thin by its horn, demanded, &Where are you bound？&
Derek&shrugged&and shouted back, &Tell me where the fish run and I'll tell you where I am bound.& The noise of idling engines drowned his voice.
&Say again！& barked the speaker.
&Anywhere where there's fish！&Derek shouted back. There was a pause. The boats&drifted&closer to each other.
&Why aren't you showing navigation lights？&
Jack watched as Derek pretended to look puzzled and leant out over the side as if to see whether they said were true. &They must have blown out，& he apologized with a shrug. &I'll light them again as soon as you stop rocking me about like this.&
Aboard the patrol boat, the captain was wondering if it would be worthwhile searching this old fishing boat for stowaways and how many breathing souls such a shabby boat could hide. The radio suddenly cackled. Abruptly, without another word being exchanged, the light&went&out&and the patrol boat started its engines, speeding off into the dark, leaving the fishing boat floating about in the water.
篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了勇敢而机智的德里克是如何成功掩护杰克和藏在渔船上的其他人躲过巡逻艇的检查的故事。
1．Jack let out a scared cry because he ________.
A．saw something in the sea
B．was afraid of being discovered
C．was blinded by the bright lights
D．was scared by the faces of companions
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句和第三段第一句可知，由于害怕被巡逻艇发现，杰克发出一声惊叫。故B项正确。
2．The patrol boat captain did not search the fishing boat as he ________.
A．didn't find it worthwhile
B．trusted Derek very much
C．was called to another place via the radio
D．looked down upon the shabby old fishing boat
答案：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，巡逻艇没有搜查渔船是因为那时无线电收发报机突然响了，船长被叫到了另外的地方。故C项正确。
3．The underlined word &imperturbable& in the passage is closest in meaning to &________&．
A．calm && B． anxious &
C．nervous && D． sociable
答案：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段第三句可知，面对巡逻艇的检查，德里克毫不介意，十分平静；据此可推知，画线词意为&冷静的，平静的&。故A项正确。
4．Which of the following statements is&TRUE&according to the passage?
A．The captain was suspicious of what Derek told him.
B．Derek succeeded in covering up for Jack and the others on the boat.
C．The patrol boat approached the fishing boat to inspect illegal goods.
D．Derek didn't realize that Jack and others were hiding in the fishing boat.
答案：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句并结合上文内容可知，巡逻艇最终开走了，没有检查渔船；据此可知，德里克成功地掩护了躲在船上的人。故B项正确。
温馨提示：阅读理解中标注的W部分为重点单词，标注的P部分为重点短语。旨在通过此栏目的练习，帮助学生夯实基础，做到厚积薄发。
1．navigation&n.&航行；航海
2．brilliant&adj.&明亮的；闪耀的
3．lean&v.&前俯；倾斜
4．shrug&v.&耸肩
5．drift&vi.&漂流；飘移
1．manage to do sth.&设法做成某事(尤指困难的事)
2．go out&(火或灯光)熄灭
&[2017&银川一中月考]Who's in control of your life? Who is pulling your string? For the&majority&of us, it's other people&society, colleagues, friends, family or our religious community. We learned this way of operating when we were very young, of course. We were brainwashed. We discovered that feeling important and feeling accepted was a nice experience and so we learned to do everything we could to make other people like us. As Oscar Wilde puts it, &Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone else's opinions, their lives a mimicry (模仿), their passions a quotation.&
So when people tell us how wonderful we are, it makes us feel good. We long for this good feeling like a drug. Therefore, we are so eager for the approval of others that we live unhappy and limited lives, failing to do the things we really want to. Just as drug&addicts&and alcoholics live worsened lives to keep getting their fix (一剂毒品). We worsen our own existence to get our own&constant&fix of approval.
But, just as with any drug, there is a price to pay. The price of the approval drug is freedom&the freedom to be ourselves. The truth is that we cannot control what other people think. People have their own agenda, and they come with their own baggage and, in the end, they're more interested in themselves than in you. Furthermore, if we try to live by the opinions of others, we will build our life on sinking sand. Everyone has a different way of thinking, and people change their opinions all the time. The person who tries to please everyone will only&end&up&getting&exhausted&and probably pleasing no one in the process.
So how can we take back control? I think there's only one way&make a&conscious&decision to stop caring what other people think. We should guide ourselves&by&means&of&a set of values－not values imposed (强加) from the outside by others, but innate values which come from within. If we are driven by these values and not by the changing opinions and value systems of others, we will live a more authentic, effective, purposeful and happy life.
篇章导读：本文讲述的是一种社会现象：我们如此在意他人对我们的看法，以致于使我们的生活被他人所控制。文章剖析了这种现象的起因，并对如何解除这种控制提出了相应的建议。
5．What Oscar Wilde says implies that ________.
A．most people's thoughts are controlled by others
B．most people have a variety of thoughts
C．we have thoughts similar to those of others
D．other people's thoughts are more important
答案：A　推理判断题。根据第一段开始所提的问题以及列举的一些实际现象可知，本文讲的话题是他人控制我们的生活，并引用奥斯卡&珎德的话来证实这一现象。
6．What does the author try to argue in the third paragraph?
A．We need to pay for what we want to get.
B．Changing opinions may cost us our freedom.
C．We may lose ourselves to please others.
D．The price of taking drugs is freedom.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句&The person who tries to please everyone will only end up getting exhausted and...&可知，取悦他人最终会使我们筋疲力尽、迷失自我。故选C。
7．In order to live a happy, effective and purposeful life, we should ________.
A．care about others' opinions and change opinions all the time
B．guide ourselves by means of values from the outside
C．stick to our own values
D．persuade others to accept our opinions
答案：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句&I think there's only one way&make a conscious decision to stop caring what other people think.&以及第三句&We should guide ourselves by means of a set of values...&可知，我们要坚持自己的信念，而不该被外部世界他人的观点左右。
8．It can be concluded from the passage that________.
A．it's important to accept others' opinions
B．it's better to do what we like
C．we shouldn't change our own opinions
D．we shouldn't care what others think too much
答案：D　推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容以及全文的主旨大意可以推断出，我们要做自己，不要过多地关心他人的想法而失去自我。
1．majority&n.&大部分；大多数
2．addict&vt./n.&使上瘾/有瘾的人
3．constant&adj.&连续不断的
4．exhausted&adj.&疲倦的
5．conscious&adj.&有意识的；清醒的
1．end up&结束　　　　2.by means of&借助于；依靠
Ⅲ.短文改错(建议用时8&)
[2017&辽宁省辽南协作体二模]Victor was traveling through a train for his parents. All the time he is glancing with joy at his new shoes what his father had bought for him. After some time, he removed his shoes to take him a nap. After waking up, he found one of her shoes missing. He started crying unhappy. His parents tried to comfort him. His father told him it was no use cry and promised that after reaching home, he would buy him a new pair of shoes. Victor got very excited on hearing his father's words that he threw other shoe out of the train. Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his losing shoe in a basket. How he regretted it!
Victor was traveling through a train forwith&his parents. All the time he iswas&glancing with joy at his new shoes whatthat/which&his father had bought for him. After some time, he removed his shoes to take&＼him&a nap. After waking up, he found one of herhis&shoes missing. He started crying unhappyunhappily. His parents tried to comfort him. His father told him it was no use crycrying&and promised that after reaching home, he would buy him a new pair of shoes. Victor got veryso&excited on hearing his father's words that he threw &the&other shoe out of the train. Reaching the destination, he suddenly found his losinglost&shoe in a basket. How he regretted it!
第一处：for&with　考查介词。with意为&和&&一起&。句意：维克托和他的父母一起乘火车旅行。
第二处：is&was　考查时态。文章时态是过去时，前后时态要保持一致，所以is改成was。句意：他一直高兴地看着爸爸给他买的新鞋。
第三处：what&that/which　考查定语从句的引导词。that/which引导的定语从句修饰名词shoes。
第四处：去掉him　考查固定搭配。take a nap是固定搭配，表示&小憩&的意思。句意：一段时间后，他拿开鞋子去休息。
第五处：her&his　考查人称代词。人称代词前后搭配不当。句意：当他醒来的时候，他发现一只鞋不见了。
第六处：unhappy&unhappily　考查副词。unhappy是形容词，表示&高兴的&，而unhappily是副词。句意：他很不高兴地哭了。cry是动词，所以要用副词修饰。
第七处：cry&crying　考查动名词。It was no use doing...表示&做某事是无用的&。句意：他的父亲告诉他哭是没用的，并承诺他回到家之后再给他买一双新鞋。
第八处：very&so　考查固定句式。so...that...意为&如此&&以致于&&&。句意：他听到父亲的话以后如此兴奋以致于&&。
第九处：other前加the　考查冠词。the表示特指，文章中特指另外一只鞋子。句意：他把另外一只鞋子扔出了火车。
第十处：losing&lost　考查形容词。句意：到达目的地后，他发现丢失的那只鞋子在一个篮子里面。
&话题素材&&语言和文化
1.master&vt.&掌握&&2.improve&v. 提高；改善
3.command&v. &&n.&命令；指令&&4.standard&n.&标准
5.usage&n.&使用；用法
6.form_the_habit_of_reading&养成阅读习惯
7.step_by_step&逐步地；一步步地
8.have&a_good_knowledge/command_of&English 通晓英语
9.work&hard_at&English 努力学习英语
10.have&difficulty/trouble_in&doing sth. 在&&方面有困难
11.make full use of&充分利用
12.give sb. some advice on how to learn English 给某人一些关于如何学英语的建议
13.look_up&the word 查单词
14.enlarge one's vocabulary&扩大某人的词汇量
15.improve writing skills&提高写作能力
1.Learning_English_well&depends on reading widely and largely.
学好英语取决于大量地、广泛地阅读。
2.With_the_constant_development_of_the_society,_English has&played_a_more_and_more_important_part_in&our daily life.
随着社会的不断发展，英语在我们日常生活中起到越来越重要的作用。
3.There_are&several tips on&how_to_learn&English well. Firstly, you should&spare_no_effort_to_read&interesting English news, which can help you increase your interest in English.
有几条如何学好英语的建议。首先，你应当不遗余力地阅读有趣的英语新闻，这有助于提高你对英语的兴趣。
[精美语篇]
My experience of learning English after class
In English learning, I often&take an active part&in the English Corner and&practice speaking English.&By doing this,&I have improved my pronunciation and intonation. At the same time I&insist on keeping&diaries in English every day. &Thus my knowledge has been reviewed and enlarged.&Learning English&depends on reading widely and largely. I also visit English reading websites. Those sites provide many English articles of all levels and I can&find appropriate ones to read. The dictionary in the computer can help me&deal with&the new vocabulary quickly. Therefore I&benefit much from&reading.&Above are&my main learning methods of learning English after class.
1．official&(adj.) 官方的；正式的；公务的&office&(n.) 办公室&officer&(n.) 官员
2．voyage&(n.) 航海；航行&voyager&航行者；远行者
3．native&(adj.) 本国的；本地的(n.) 本地人；本国人
4．actually&(adv.) 实际上；事实上&actual&(adj.) 真实的；实际的
5．base&(vt.) 以&&为根据 (n.) 基部；基地；基础&basic&(adj.) 基本的；基础的&basis&(n.) 基础；基本原则
6．present (n.)&礼物；目前&(adj.)&到场的；出席的&(vt.)&提交；赠予；展现；呈现
7．gradual&(adj.) 逐渐的；逐步的&gradually&(adv.) 逐渐地；逐步地
8．vocabulary&(n.) 词汇；词汇量；词表
9．spelling&(n.) 拼写；拼法&spell&(v.) 拼写
10．latter&(adj.) 较后的；后半的；(两者中)后者的&latest&(adj.) 最新的；最近的&later&(adv.) 后来 (adj.) 后来的&lately&(adv.) 近来；最近&late&(adj. &&adv.) 晚的；迟地
11．fluent&(adj.) 流利的；流畅的&fluently&(adv.) 流利地；流畅地
12．frequent&(adj.) 频繁的；常见的&frequently&(adv.) 常常；频繁地&frequency&(n.) 频率
13．usage&(n.) 使用；用法；词语惯用法&use&(vt.) 使用 (n.) 用途&useful&(adj.) 有用的&useless&(adj.) 无用的
14．command&(n. &&vt.) 命令；指令；掌握&commander&(n.) 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官
15．request&(n. &&vt.) 请求；要求
16．expression&(n.) 词语；表达；表情&express&(vt.) 表达 (n.) 快车；快递
17．recognize&(vt.) 辨认出；承认；公认&recognized&(adj.) 公认的；经过验证的&recognition&(n.) 识别；承认；认出
18．straight&(adv.) 直接；挺直 (adj) 直的；笔直的；正直的
1．more_than　　 &超过；非常；不只是；不仅是
2．at_present&&&现在；目前
3．make_use_of&&&利用；使用
4．such_as&&&例如&&；像这种的
5．play_a_part_(in)&&&扮演一个角色；参与
6．come_up&&&走近；上来；提出
7．even_if&&&即使
8．because_of&&因为；由于
9．be_based_on&&以&&为基础
10．a_number_of&&若干；许多
11．believe_it_or_not&&&信不信由你
1．疑问词＋do you think/believe/imagine/guess...＋其他
&Which_country_do_you_think(你认为哪个国家)has the most English learners？(教材P9)
2．even if引导让步状语从句，相当于even though，意为&即使；尽管&
Native English speakers can understand each other&even_if_they_&don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English(即使他们所讲的英语不尽相同)．(教材P10)
3．more...than...&与其说&&倒不如说&&&
It was based&more_on_German&(更多的是以德语为基础)than&the English we speak at present.(教材P10)
4．it is/was＋adj.(＋for sb.)＋to do...&(对某人来说)做某事是&&&
It_is_not_easy&for a Chinese person&to_speak&English as well as a native English speaker.(教材P11)
对中国人来说，想把英语说得像英国人一样好，并不是件容易的事。
5．&no such＋可数名词单数&意为&没有这样的&&&
Believe it or not, there is&no_such_thing_as_standard_English&(信不信由你，没有像标准英语这样的东西)．(教材P13)
6．This/That is because...&这/那是因为&&&
This_is_because&(这是因为) in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.(教材P13)
7．the way 作先行词引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语时，关系词有三种形式： in which；/
However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in&the_way_people_speak(人们说话方式). (教材P13)
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Today, ________(many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.
答案：more
2．The number of people ________(learn) English in China ________ (be) increasing rapidly.
3．________ (actual) all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate________each other.
答案：A with
4．Later in the 18th century some British people ________(take) to Australia, too.
答案：were taken
5．________fact, China may have ________ largest number of English learners.
答案：In; the
6．People from England made voyages ________(conquer) other parts of the world and because ________ that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.
7．The USA is a large country ________ many different dialects are spoken.
答案：where
8．Some people ________ live in the mountains &of the eastern USA speak ________ an older kind of English dialect.
答案：who/ with
9．She told us to go around the corner ________ the left and keep going straight for two ________ (block)．
答案： blocks
10．Many people believe the English ________(speak) on TV and the radio is standard English.
答案：spoken
1　　base　vt.以&&为根据　n．基部；基地；基础
It was&&based&more on German than the English we speak at present.(P10)
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
(1)base...on/upon...根据&&；以&&为基础
(sth.) be based&on/upon&(某物)．..以&&为基础
at&the base of...以&&为基础；在&&底部
(2)basis&n．基础；基本原则
on&the basis of根据；在&&的基础上；基于
(3)basic&adj.基本的；基础的
be basic&to... 是&&的基础
&&&&在&base...on/upon...&结构中，base是及物动词，base后要跟宾语，否则要用被动形式&be based on/upon&形式。
①[牛津高阶]The report&is_based_on&figures from six different European countries.
这份报告是以欧洲六个不同国家的数据为依据。
②Based_on&a popular online novel,&The&Legend&of&Mi&Yue&tells the story of Mi Yue and her life filled with politics, war and romance.
基于一部流行的网络小说而拍的《芈月传》讲述了芈月和她那交织着政治、战争和浪漫爱情的一生。
③[2016&天津高考]When planning&Encyclopaedia&Britannica&(《大英百科全书》)，I had to create a table of contents&based_on&the topics of its articles.
在计划《大英百科全书》时，我必须以它里边文章的主题为基础，创建一个内容表。
④Basing_an_important_decision&more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
更多地依靠感性而不是理性去做一个重要的决定，你迟早会后悔的。
⑤Some movies have been banned&on_the_basis&that they are too violent.
有些影片因暴力镜头过多而被查禁。
⑥Drums are&basic_to&African music.
鼓是非洲音乐的基本乐器。
2　　command　n．[C]命令；指令　[U]掌握　vt.命令；指挥；支配
Can you find the following&&command&and request from Reading？(P12)
你能从阅读中找出下面的命令和要求吗？
&(1)at&one's command听从某人的支配
under&one's command由某人指挥；由某人统帅
take command&of控制；担任&&的指挥
(be)&in&command of指挥；控制
have&a good command of 很好地掌握；精通
(2)command sb.&to_do_sth.命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...命令&&做&&
(3)commander&n. 负责人；(尤指)司令官；指挥官
command所接宾语从句的谓语动词用&(should＋)&do&形式，能这样使用的动词可用以下口诀来记忆：
一坚持：insist
二命令：order， command
三建议：advise， suggest， recommend
四要求：require， request， demand， desire
①[牛津高阶]Applicants will be expected to&have_a_good_command&of&English.
申请人应该精通英语。
②He is&the_commander&of the expedition.
他是探险队队长。
③The boss commanded him&to_finish&some important work, but Henry forgot his command.
&The boss commanded that&he_(should)_finish&some important work, but Henry forgot his command.
老板命令他完成一些重要的工作，但亨利却忘了他的命令。
3&request　n．& vt.请求；要求
In English you use a command or a&&request&when you want someone to do something.(P12)
在英语中，当你想让别人做事时，你可以使用命令或请求方式。
(1)request sb.&to_do_sth.&请求某人做某事
request that sb. (should) do sth. 请求某人做某事
It&is requested that ... 根据要求&&
(2)make a request/requests&for... 请求；要求&&
at&one's request＝at&the request of sb.&应某人之要求
request 后面跟宾语从句、主语从句和同位语从句时，从句中的谓语用&should ＋do&形式， should可以省略，即为虚拟语气。
①[牛津高阶]They made&a_request_for&further aid.
他们要求再给一些援助。
②He was there&at_the_request&of his manager/at_his_manager's_&request.
他按照经理的要求到了那里。
③It_is_requested&that all the visitors should not take pictures of the exhibitions.
根据要求所有的参观者不该对展品进行拍照。
④My parents requested that&I_should_learn&a second foreign language.
&My parents requested&me_to_learn&a second foreign language.
父母要求我再学一门外语。
4　　recognize　vt.辨认出；承认；公认
Although many Americans move a lot, they still&&recognize&and understand each other's dialects.(P13)
虽然许多美国人经常搬迁，但他们还是能识别和理解彼此的方言。
(1)recognize one's voice听出某人的声音
recognize...as/to be... 承认&&是&&
be recognized&as... 被公认为/承认是&&
It&is recognized that... 人们公认&&
(2)recognition&n. 认出；认识
out of/beyond&(all) recognition 认不出来
①The moment I picked up the phone, I&recognized_his_voice.
我一拿起电话就听出了他的声音。
②[牛津高阶]The book is now&recognized_as&a classic.
这本书现在是一部公认的经典著作。
③[2016&江苏高考]We_recognized&that Kurt wasn't just trying to make a sale.
我们意识到库尔特并不打算做一笔买卖。
④The town has changed&beyond_recognition&since I was last here.
自从我上次离开这里以来，这座城镇已经变得让人认不出来了。
强调通过对记忆的搜索，辨认出原来熟悉的人、物、声音、方位等，常指经过一段时间的间隔后又重新认出来
&知道，认识&，指相互间十分熟悉、十分了解
&意识到&，强调在经过一个过程后的完全了解。强调注意到，了解本质，明白事理。它还有&实现(梦想)&的意思
⑤用recognize，know，realize的适当形式填空
a．I&knew&Bob ten years ago, but he has changed so much that I can hardly&recognize&him at present.
b．None of us&realized&the danger we were in.
c．Mo Yan is universally&recognized&as one of the greatest authors of our time.
单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Of the two, the ________ (late) wins my favor.
答案：latter　考查词性转换。根据语意可知，应填latter，意为&后者&。
2．With our knowledge ________(base) on practice, we can make great contributions to our country.
答案：based　考查with的复合结构。base与knowledge之间为被动关系，故填based。
3．According to the rules of the hotel, guests ________ (request) to vacate (腾出) their rooms by noon on the day of departure.
答案：are requested　考查request sb. to do sth.结构。此处是该结构的被动语态形式。
4．The manager gave his command that measures ________ (take) immediately to correct all the mistakes made in marketing.
答案：(should) be taken　考查command后跟同位语从句。此时从句中的谓语应用(should＋) do形式，又因为measure与take之间为被动关系，故填(should) be taken。
5．In its early history, Chicago had floods ________ (frequent), especially in the spring.
答案：frequently　考查词性转换。此处修饰动词had, 故应填副词frequently。
6．You can find much information available on the ________ (office) website.
答案：official　考查词性转换。official形容词，意为&官方的；正式的&，修饰名词website。
7．________(actual), on second thoughts, I don't think I want to go out with you tonight.
答案：Actually　考查词性转换。根据语法分析，此处应填副词作状语，故填Actually。
8．When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
答案：blocked　考查过去分词作宾补。block此处为动词，意为&堵塞；阻塞&，see the road blocked with snow&看到马路被雪所阻&。
9．As is known to all language learners, newly learnt words will soon be forgotten unless ________ (frequent) used in everyday communication.
答案：frequently　考查词性转换。frequently&频繁地&，修饰动词use。
10．It is well known that the panda is native ______ China.
答案：to　考查固定搭配。be native to意为&原产于&&；发源于&&&。
1　　because of&因为；由于
Later in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and&&because of&that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.(P9)
随后在接下来的一个世纪，英国人开始航海征服世界的其他地区。正因如此，许多别的国家开始说英语了。
because of 的同义短语：
owing&to&由于
thanks&to&由于；幸亏
as&a result of 由于；因此
as&a consequence of... 因为&&的结果
on&account of 由于
in&view of 由于；因为
due&to&由于；因为
①[牛津高阶]I did it&because&he told me to.
因为他吩咐我才做的。
②He walked slowly&because_of&his bad leg.
他因为腿不方便而行走缓慢。
③[2016&四川高考]Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep&because_of&the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
以前的研究也已经表明牛奶可以有效的帮助睡眠，这是因为它里边含有有助于人们放松的钙。
④Many obese children are bullied&on_account_of&their weight.
许多肥胖儿童因为其体重问题在学校受到欺负。
2　　come up&走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；(太阳、月亮等)升起
I'd like to&&come up&to your apartment.(P10)
我很愿意到你家里来。
come up&with&想出；提出；找到；产生
come&about&发生
come&across&穿过(路、桥)；偶遇；偶然发现
come&on&(风、雨等)到来；(演员)出场；赶快；得了吧；加油
come&out&出版；出来；出现；结果是
come&to&苏醒；总计；达到；谈到
when&it comes to... 当提到&&
体组织)提出某事(想法、计划等)。主语(人或团体组织)＋come up with sth.，指(某人/团
①[2016&天津高考]In the weeks that followed, the solution which had&come_up&in my unconscious mind proved correct at every step.
在接下来的几周，我潜意识里产生的解决方案被证明了每一步都是正确的。
②[牛津高阶]She&came_up_with&a new idea for increasing sales.
她想出了增加销售量的新主意。
③How did it&come_about&that you were late for half an hour?
你迟到了半小时是怎么回事呢？
④When he&came_to_himself,_he found himself surrounded by a lot of people.
当他醒来时，他发现周围都是人。
⑤When&it_comes_to&how to speak fluent Mandarin, I suggest that you learn a bunch of pronunciation rules first.
当谈到如何说一口流利的普通话时，我建议你先学学基本的发音规则。
⑥写出下列句中come up的含义
a．An old lady&came up&to me and asked for directions.
b．As soon as the project&came up&at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.被提出
c．When the moon&came up,&the young people began their celebration.升起
d．&Alvin, are you coming with us?
&I'd love to, but something unexpected has&come up.发生
3　　make use of&利用；使用
So by the 1600's Shakespeare was able to&&make use of&a wider vocabulary than ever before.(P10)
因此到17世纪，莎士比亚所用的词汇量比以前任何时期都大。
&(1)make full/good&use of 充分利用
make the best/most&of充分利用
take (full)&advantage&of(充分)利用
(2)come into use开始被使用
be&of&great use 很有用的(＝be very useful)
It is no use&doing&sth. 做某事是没用的
put sth. to (good) use&(有效)使用(或利用)某物
对于make use of这个短语，除了熟练掌握它的含义外，还应注意以下两点：
(1)把use提前，使用被动语态。
(2)把use提前用作先行词，其后接定语从句。
①[2016&北京高考]Our class came up with the idea to&make_better_&use_of&used materials.
我们班想出了更充分利用二手材料的主意。
②People should&make_full_use_of&their time to do something meaningful.
人们应充分利用好他们的时间做些有意义的事情。
③Last but not least, it's everyone's responsibility to make the&most/best_of&water.
最后但同等重要的是，充分利用水资源是每个人的义务和责任。
④Full use&must_be_made_of&every minute to go over our lessons, for the final examination is coming.
每一分钟都应被充分利用来复习我们的功课，因为马上就要期末考试。
⑤We should think of&what_use&can&be_made_of&such material.
我们应该考虑怎么用这种材料。
⑥It_is_no_use&trying to persuade him to have a holiday because he is a workaholic.
因为他是一个工作狂，试图说服他休假根本无用。
⑦[牛津高阶]She'll be able to&put&her languages&to_good_use&in her new job.
她在新工作中应该可以好好运用她会的各种语言。
&make &use of； come up (with)； believe it or not； (be) based on； play a major part in； the number of； because of； even if； such as； at present
1．[2016&江苏高考]A study found that a strong Ni&o in 1997&98 helped America's economy grow by $15 billion, partly ________ better agricultural harvests.
答案：because of
2．________ the students present at the meeting was smaller than expected.
答案：The number of
3．You cannot choose what you are given, but you can choose how you ________ it.
答案：make use of
4．I will go there ________ I have to walk.
答案：even if
5．It is certain that the question will ________ at the meeting.
答案：come up
6．There is no way ________ of predicting what the long&term effects of the explosion of Tianjin will be.
答案：at present
7．TV takes the place of similar sorts of recreation, ________ listening to the radio and playing sports.
答案：such as
8．Robots can also speak different languages and make recommendations for different items ________what the customer is shopping for.
答案：based on
9．________， the well&behaved gentleman turned out to be a thief.
答案：Believe it or not
10．E&mail, as well as the telephone, ________our daily communication.
答案：plays a major part in
1　　Native English speakers can understand each other&even_if&they don't speak the same kind of English.&(P10)
以英语作为母语的人，即使他们所讲的语言不尽相同，也可以相互理解。
&(1)even if/even though通常引导让步状语从句，意为&即使；尽管&，所引导的从句常用一般现在时表示将来。在主、从句主语相同且从句中含有be时，也可采用省略结构。
(2)even so &即使如此；尽管这样&。
①[牛津高阶]I like her,&even_though/even_if&she can be annoying at times.
尽管她有时可能很烦人，我还是喜欢她。
②Even_if/Even_though&one makes a mistake, correcting mistakes in time is a good thing.
即使一个人犯了错，及时纠正了就是一件好事。
③He will not attend the party&even_if/even_though_(he_is)_invited.
即使他被邀请，他也不会参加那个晚会。
④It's raining.&Even_so,_we must set off.
天在下雨。尽管如此，我们还是要出发。
2　　It was based&more&on German&than&the English we speak at present.(P10)
当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而我们今天所说的英语不是。
&(1)more than＋数词或从句　超过&&
more than＋形容词　非常&&
more than＋名词　不只是；不仅是&&
more...than...&与其说&&，倒不如说&&
(2)no&more than 只不过；仅仅
not&more than 不超过；至多
rather than&而不是
other than&除了
①The store is&more_than&happy to deliver goods to your home.
本商店很乐意为您送货上门。
②The writer is&more&in name&than&in reality.
这个作家名不副实。
③For many people, fishing is&more_than& it is an art.
对很多人来说，钓鱼不仅仅是一项运动，还是一门艺术。
④It is you&rather_than&he that are to blame for the terrible accident.
是你而不是他因这次可怕的事故应受责备。
⑤His whole school education added up to&no_more_than&one year.
他所受的全部学校教育加起来只有一年。
⑥写出下列句中more than的含义
a．Feng Xiaogang is&more than&a director, but also a major actor in the film&Mr&Six.不仅是
b．She is a kind girl and&more than&willing to help others.非常
c．It also benefits those users who have&more than&one task to perform.超过；多于
3　　Believe it or not, there is&no_such_thing&as standard English.(P13)
信不信由你，(世界上)没有什么标准英语可言。
(1)such与a/an连用时，要放在a/an的前面；与all, no, some, any, few, little, many, much, several, one等词连用时，应位于它们的后面。
(2)suchadj.＋不可数名词/复数名词a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
如此&&以致于&&
(3)such...as... &像&&这样的&&&。
比较下列句子，注意连接词的作用。
①This is such a difficult problem&as&all of us can't work out.(as引导定语从句)
②This is such a difficult problem&that&all of us can't work it out.(that引导结果状语从句
①Everythin there is&no_such_thing_as&a free lunch in the world.
任何事情都是要付出代价的，在这个世界上并没有什么免费的午餐。
②Lucy was admitted to Beijing University, while I had&no_such_luck.
露西被北京大学录取了，而我却没有这样的运气。
③He was&such&a responsible teacher&that&we were all deeply moved.
他是一位如此负责任的老师，以致于我们都被深深地感动了。
④Such&a book&as&you show me is difficult to understand.
像你给我展示的这样的书是很难理解的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。
1．Even ________ the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to hurry a little if he wants to be punctual.
答案：if/though　考查连词。句意：即使他的公寓在会议大厅的附近，但是如果他想准时(赶到)，他必须得快一点。even if/even though&即使；尽管&。
2．She was more sad ________ angry when her son lied to her.
答案：than　考查固定搭配。more A than B &与其是B倒不如是A&。
3．The book is written in such easy English ________beginners can understand it.
答案：that　考查such...that...结构，意为&如此&&以致于&&&。从句中有宾语和主语，故不是as引导的定语从句，而是that引导的结果状语从句。
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Tom was late for work this morning. ____________ he overslept.
汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了，那是因为他睡过头了。
答案：That was because
2．Our English teacher ______________at the class meeting yesterday that we should learn from him.
我们英语老师在昨天的班会上提出要求，让我们向他学习。
答案：came up with a request
3．He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son &____________.
他很忙，即使他想抽出足够的时间陪陪儿子也做不到。
答案：even if he wants to
4．It's ____________ a misunderstanding.
这只是个误会。
答案：no more than
5．There is &__________________ failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.
世上没有失败，失败只不过是生活试图将我们推向另一个方向罢了。
答案：no such thing as
直接引语和间接引语(Ⅱ)
当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为带to的动词不定式，并在不定式的前面根据句子意思加上ask, order, tell等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not。
表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask/beg/request sb. to do sth.
She said to us, &Please have a rest.&
&She&asked us to have a rest.
表示告诉、吩咐、命令某人做某事时用tell/order/command sb. to do sth.
The old man said, &Don't smoke in the hall.&
&The old man&told me not to smoke in the hall.
表示忠告某人(不)做某事，用advise sb.(not)&to do sth.
The officer said, &Go away.&
&The officer&advised us to go away.
1．The girl said to me, &Will you give me English lessons？&
&The girl asked me ____________ give her English lessons.
答案：whether/if I would
2．&Go over your test papers carefully before handing them in.& the teacher said.
&The teacher ____________ over our test papers carefully before handing them in.
答案：asked us to go
3．Tom said to Mary, &Don't leave your keys on the table.&
&Tom asked Mary ____________ &keys on the table.
答案：not to leave her
4．She asked，&Where are you going？&
&She asked me ____________ going.
答案：where I was
Ⅰ.阅读理解(建议用时16&)
&[2017&昆明调研]Last Thursday, Michael and Linda stood behind large food trucks&distributing&meals to 4,000 homeless people for their wedding reception on the border town of Kilis. The couple had decided that instead of hosting their friends and family for a traditional feast reception, they would feed the victims from an earthquake－stricken area.
The idea came from the bridegroom's father, Ted, who volunteers for a Turkish relief organization. For the past few years, the organization has distributed daily meals to thousands of people who've&suffered&from&natural disasters. He&approached&a representative of the organization and suggested that the family cover part of the costs of feeding them for the day.
Then he told his son, who was surprised by the suggestion, but soon won over. When he told that to the bride, she was really&shocked&but finally accepted because in southeastern Turkey there is a real culture of sharing with people in need. They love to share their food, their table and everything they have. And afterwards she was quite amazed about it. So, they arrived at the distribution center on Thursday to spend the day serving food and&taking&photographs&with&their grateful recipients (接受者)．
On Tuesday evening, the newly married couple were still pleased with their decision to quit a personal&celebration&for one with a greater good. &It's like sharing a dinner with your friends and family who have this kind of thing on a daily basis－or sharing something with people who don't even have the most basic things，& Michael said. &Hopefully， this will also give the start for other wedding dinners to be held here with our brothers and sisters in need.&
篇章导读：本文讲述的是一对新婚夫妇，在结婚日，放弃庆祝自己的婚礼，而去受灾的地区分发食物给受害者的故事。
1．Why did so many people crowd in Kilis?
A．To attend Michael and Linda's wedding.
B．To support the organization.
C．To escape the damaging earthquake.
D．To help distribute free daily meals.
答案：C　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句&they would feed the victims from an earthquake－stricken area&可知，这么多的无家可归的人是来自地震灾区的。故选C。
2．How did the couple celebrate their wedding?
A．They treated their friends and relatives to a big dinner.
B．They shared their happiness with the homeless in Kilis.
C．They afforded the entire cost of the day for feeding victims.
D．They took photos with the grateful victims.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和最后一段最后一句可知，这对夫妇决定不举办结婚宴，而是在结婚当日为难民分发食物，和他们一起分享结婚的快乐。
3．What does the underlined word &approached& in Paragraph 2 mean?
A．took in && B． moved towards
C．came across && D． consulted with
答案：D　词义猜测题。根据句意可知，他咨询了一个组织的代表并提议&&。take in&吸收；理解&；move towards&向&&移动&；come across&偶遇&。只有D符合文意。
4．We can know from the text that ________.
A．Kilis is a place which lies in southeastern Turkey
B．Ted was a representative of the organization
C．Linda adopted the suggestion immediately she heard it
D．Michael doubted if more new couples would follow him
答案：A　推理判断题。根据首段第一句中&...on the border town of Kilis.&以及第三}