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d ble ssy ou. We e thi sy ear. D) /z/+/j/ →/ ?/。如: Here ’sy our ticket. I love you becau sey ou are you. Don ’t expect he tell sy ou the truth 5.省音: 在快速、随便的言语中一些音素被省略掉被称为省音。省音能提高语速,使说话省力。在正式场合和语速慢的情况下,省音不是必须的。 1 )同一单词内元音的省略,主要是非重读音节中的/ ?/和/ ?/, 如: ord(i)n(a)ry 。 2 )当前一单词以辅音结尾,后一单词以/ ?/ 开头时, / ?/ 常被省略, 如: walk (a)way 。 3)当前一单词以否定形式-n't 结尾,后一单词以辅音开头时, /t/ 常被忽略, 如: She isn ’(t) there. I didn ’(t) hear you. He can ’(t) believe that. 4)任何一个辅音若后面紧跟着/h/ , /h/ 可以不发音。如: Come (h)ere! Must (h)e /ti/ go? What will (h)e /wili/do? Has (h)e done it before? Tell (h)im to ask (h)er … 5)将多个单词利用连读爆破等拼和在一起。如: gotta(got to) gonna(going to) kinda(kind of) lotsa(lots of) gimme(give me) 6.强读式和弱读式: 在一个句子,有些词说得又轻又快,而且较为含糊,有些词则说得又重又慢,而且较为清晰。那些说得响亮而清晰的词就是句子重音所在。实词(包括名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词疑问词等)一般都接受句子重音,为重读词,采用强读式:虚词(包括介词、代词、连词、冠词、助动词、情态动词等功能词) 一般都不接受句子重音,为非重读词,采用弱读式。 6.1 一般规律: 1) 弱读式只出现在句子的非重读词中。如: Pass me/m ?/ the/ e?/ book. me 、 the 弱读。 2) 单词单独出现或在句首或句尾时,都采用强读式。如: What are you listening to/tu:/? 3 )被特别强调的词无论实词还是虚词都采用强读式。如: I am/ ? m/ Peter. 我就是皮特。 6.2 虚词弱读规律: 1)长音变短音, 如: she/ ? i:/ 弱读/??/。 2)元音前面的辅音被省略,如: him/h ? m/弱读/ ? m/。 3)辅音前面的元音被省略, 如: am/ ? m/弱读/m/ 。 4)元音一般弱读为/ ?/,如: can/k ? n/弱读/k ? n/。 5)部分虚词有多种弱读式, 如: would/w ? d/弱读/ ? d,d/ 。 7.浊化: 1) /s/ 后面的清辅音要浊化。如: /k/ 浊化成/g/: scar/school/discussion /t/ 浊化成/d/: stand/student/mistake /p/ 浊化成/b /: spring/spirit/expression 2)美音中,当/t/ 出现在两个元音之间并且处于非重读位置的时候, /t/ 需要浊化成一个近似于/d/ 的音。这样, writer 听起来和 rider 的发音几乎没有区别。如: Letter/water/better/duty/bitter/city I got it. Would you please pick it up? 注: /t/ 如果处于重读位置的话, 即使在两个元音之间也不需要浊化。请比较: 清晰的/t/浊化的/t/ I'talian 'Italy a'tomic 'atom La'tino 'Latin pho'tographer 'photograph 3 )美音中,当/t/ 前面是一个元音,后面是一个模糊的/l/ ,且处于非重读位置, /t/ 也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/ 的音。如: Battle/bottle/cattle/little/rattle/settle 4)美音中,当/t/ 前面是一个清辅音或前鼻音/n/ ,后面是一个元音,且处于非重读位置, /t/ 也需要浊化成一个近似于/d/ 的音。如: Twenty/fifty/center/after/faster/actor/sister/yesterday 朗读练习: 1. There are many things to consider when you are looking for a house, whether you intend to buy or only rent. After all, it is going to be your home, perhaps for quite a long time, and you want to be happy with it. You have to decide exactly what ki nd of house you want, how much you can afford to pay, and the type of neighborhood you wish to live in. However, it’s always easy to forget all above, because it’s most probably that you ’ ll fall in love with the house for sale at the first sight. 2. Youth Youth i
it is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red l it isa matter of the will, a quality of the imagination, a v it is the freshness of the deep springs of life. Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity, of the appetite for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists ina man of sixty more than a boy of twenty. Nobody grows old merely bya number of years. We grow old by deserting our ideals.2
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PASSAGE 41
It was once assumed that all living things could be divided into two fundamental and exhaustive categories. Multicellular plants and animals, as well as many unicellu-lar organisms, are eukaryotic—their large, complex cells&
5) have a well-formed nucles and many organelles. On the other hand, the true bacteria are prokaryotic cell, which are simple and lack a nucleus. The distinction between eukaryotes and bacteria, initially defined in terms of subcellular structures visible with a microscope, was ulti-&
10) mately carried to the molecular level. Here prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many features in common. For instance, they translate genetic information into proteins according to the same type of genetic coding. But even where the molecular processes are the same, the details in&
15) the two forms are different and characteristic of the respec- tive forms. For example, the amino acid sequences of vari- ous enzymes tend to be typically prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The differences between the groups and the similarities within each group made it seem certain to most biologists&
20) that the tree of life had only two stems. Moreover, argu-ments pointing out the extent of both structural and func-tional differences between eukaryotes and true bacteriaconvinced many biologists that the precursors of the eukaryotes must have diverged from the common&
25) ancestor before the bacteria arose. Although much of this picture has been sustained bymore recent research, it seems fundamentally wrong in one respect. Among the bacteria, there are organisms that are significantly different both from the cells of eukaryotes and&
30) from the true bacteria, and it now appears that there are three stems in the tree of life. New techniques for deter- mining the molecular sequence of the RNA of organismshave produced evolutionary information about the degree to which organisms are related, the time since they diverged&
35) from a common ancestor, and the reconstruction of ances- tral versions of genes. These techniques have strongly suggested that although the true bacteria indeed form a large coherent group, certain other bacteria, the archaebac- teria, which are also prokaryotes and which resemble true&
40) bacteria, represent a distinct evolutionary branch that far antedates the common ancestor of all true bacteria.&
PASSAGE 42&
* Excess inventory, a massive problem for many busi- nesses, has several causes, some of which are unavoidable. Overstocks may accumulate through production overruns or errors. Certain styles and colors prove unpopular. With&
5) some products—computers and software, toys, and books—last year's models are difficult to move even at huge discounts. Occasionally the competition introduces a better product. But in many cases the public's buying tastes simply change, leaving a manufacturer or distributor with&
10 ) thousands&
or millions) of items that the fickle public no longer wants.&
* One common way to dispose of this merchandise is to sell it to a liquidator, who buys as cheaply as possible and then resells the merchandise through catalogs, discount&
15) stores, and other outlets. However, liquidators may pay less for the merchandise than it cost to make it. Another way to dispose of excess inventory is to dump it. The corporation takes a straight cost write-off on its taxes and hauls the merchandise to a landfill. Although it is hard to believe,&
20) there is a sort of convoluted logic to this approach. It is perfectly legal, requires little time or preparation on the company's part, and solves the problem quickly. The draw- back is the remote possibility of getting caught by the news media. Dumping perfectly useful products can turn into a&
25) public relations nightmare. Children living in poverty are freezing and XYZ Company has just sent 500 new snow- suits to the local dump. Parents of young children are barely getting by and QPS Company dumps 1,000 cases of disposable diapers because they have slight imperfections.&
30) The managers of these companies are not d they are simply unaware of all their alternatives. In 1976 the Internal Revenue Service provided a tangible incentive for businesses to contribute their products to char- ity. The new tax law allowed corporations to deduct the&
35)cost of the product donated plus half the difference between cost and fair market selling price, with the proviso that deductions cannot exceed twice cost. Thus, the federal government sanctions—indeed, encourages—an above-cost federal tax deduction for companies that donate inventory to charity.&
*PASSAGE 43&
*Historians of women's labor in the United States at firstlargely disregarded the story of female service workers-women earning wages in occupations such as salesclerk.domestic servant, and office secretary. These historians&
5) focused instead on factory work, primarily because itseemed so different from traditional, unpaid "women'swork" in the home, and because the underlying economicforces of industrialism were presumed to be gender-blindand hence emancipatory in effect. Unfortunately, emanci-&
10) pation has been less profound than expected, for not evenindustrial wage labor has escaped continued sex segre-gation in the workplace.&
*To explain this unfinished revolution in the status ofwomen, historians have recently begun to emphasize the&
15) way a prevailing definition of femininity often eterminesthe kinds of work allocated to women, even when suchallocation is inappropriate to new conditions. For instance,early textile-mill entrepreneurs, in justifying women'semployment in wage labor, made much of the assumption&
20) that women were by nature skillful at detailed tasks andpatient in carrying o the mill ownersthus imported into the new industrial order hoary stereo-types associated with the homemaking activities theypresumed to have been the purview of women. Because&
25) women accepted the more unattractive new industrial tasksmore readily than did men, such jobs came to be regardedas female jobs. And employers, who assumed that women's"real" aspirations were for marriage and family life.declined to pay women wages commensurate with those of&
30) men. Thus many lower-skilled, lower-paid, less secure jobscame to be perceived as "female."&
*More remarkable than the origin has been the persistenceof such sex segregation in twentieth-century industry. Oncean occupation came to be perceived as "female." employers&
35) showed surprisingly little interest in changing thatperception, even when higher profits beckoned. And despitethe urgent need of the United States during the SecondWorld War to mobilize its human resources fully, jobsegregation by sex characterized even the most important&
40) war industries. Moreover, once the war ended, employersquickly returned to men most of the "male" jobs thatwomen had been permitted to master.&
*PASSAGE 44&
*According to a recent theory, Archean-age gold-quartzvein systems were formed over two billion years ago frommagmatic fluids that originated from molten granitelikebodies deep beneath the surface of the Earth. This theory is&
5) contrary to the widely held view that the systems weredeposited from metamorphic fluids, that is, from fluids thatformed during the dehydration of wet sedimentary rocks.he recently developed theory has considerable practicalimportance. Most of the gold deposits discovered during&
10) the original gold rushes were exposed at the Earth's surfaceand were found because they had shed trails of alluvialgold that were easily traced by simple prospecting methods.Although these same methods still lead to an occasionaldiscovery, most deposits not yet discovered have gone&
15) undetected because they are buried and have no surfaceexpression.&
*The challenge in exploration is therefore to unravel thesubsurface geology of an area and pinpoint the position ofburied minerals. Methods widely used today include&
20) analysis of aerial images that yield a broa geophysical techniques that provide data on themagnetic, electrical, and mineralogical properties of therock and sensitive chemical tests thatare able to detect the subtle chemical halos that often&
25) envelop mineralization. However, none of these high-technology methods are of any value if the sites to whichthey are applied have never mineralized, and to maximizethe chances of discovery the explorer must therefore payparticular attention to selecting the ground formations most&
30) likely to be mineralized. Such ground selection relies tovarying degrees on conceptual models, which take intoaccount theoretical studies of relevant factors.These models are constructed primarily from empiricalobservations of known mineral deposits and from theories&
35) of ore-forming processes. The explorer uses the models toidentify those geological features that are critical to theformation of the mineralization being modeled, and thentries to select areas for exploration that exhibit as many ofthe critical features as possible.&
PASSAGE 41&
1. The passage is primarily concerned with&
(A) detailing the evidence that has led most biologists toreplace the trichotomous picture of living organismswith a dichotomous one&
(B) outlining the factors that have contributed to thecurrent hypothesis concerning the number of basiccategories of living organisms&
(C) evaluating experiments that have resulted in proofthat the prokaryotes are more ancient than had beenexpected.&
(D) summarizing the differences in structure andfunction found among true bacteria, archaebacteria,and eukaryotes&
(E) formulating a hypothesis about the mechanisms ofevolution that resulted in the ancestors of theprokaryotes&
2. According to the passage, investigations of eukaryoticand prokaryotic cells at the molecular level supportedthe conclusion that&
(A) most eukaryotic organisms are unicellular&
(B) complex cells have well-formed nuclei&
(C) prokaryotes and cukaryotes form two fundamentalcategories&
(D) subcellular structures are visible with a microscope&
(E) prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have similarenzymes&
3. According to the passage, which of the followingstatements about the two-category hypothesis is likely tobe true?&
(A) It is promising because it explains the presence of truebacteria-like organisms such as organelles ineukaryotic cells.&
(B) It is promising because it explains why eukaryoticcells, unlike prokaryotic cells, tend to formmulticellular organisms.&
(C) It is flawed because it fails to account for the greatvariety among eukaryotic organisms.&
(D) It is flawed because it fails to account for thesimilarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.&
(E) It is flawed because it fails to recognize an importantdistinction among prokaryotes.&
4. It can be inferred from the passage that which of thefollowing have recently been compared in order toclarify the fundamental classifications of living things?&
(A) The genetic coding in true bacteria and that in otherprokaryotes&
(B) The organelle structures of archaebacteria, truebacteria, and eukaryotes&
(C) The cellular structures of multicellular organismsand unicellular organisms&
(D) The molecular sequences in eukaryotic RNA, truebacterial RNA, and archaebacterial RNA&
(E) The amino acid sequences in enzymes of variouseukaryotic species and those of enzymes inarchaebecterial species&
5. If the "new techniques" mentioned in line 31 wereapplied in studies of biological classifications other thanbacteria, which of the following is most likely?&
(A) Some of those classifications will have to bereevaluated.&
(B) Many species of bacteria will be reclassified&
(C) It will be determined that there are four maincategories of living things rather than three.&
(D) It will be found that true bacteria are much olderthan eukaryotes.&
(E) It will be found that there is a common ancestor ofthe eukaryotes, archaebacteria, and true bacteria.&
6. According to the passage, researchers working under thetwo-category hypothesis were correct in thinking that&
(A) prokaryotes form a coherent group&
(B) the common ancestor of all living things had complexproperties&
(C) eukaryotes are fundamentally different from true bacteria&
(D) true bacteria are just as complex as eukaryotes&
(E) ancestral versions of eukaryotic genes functioneddifferently from their modern counterparts.&
7. All of the following statements are supported by the passageEXCEPT:&
(A) True bacteria form a distinct evolutionary group.&
(B) Archaebacteria are prokaryotes that resemble truebacteria.&
(C) True bacteria and eukaryotes employ similar types ofgenetic coding.&
(D) True bacteria and eukaryotes are distinguishable at thesubcellular level.&
(E) Amino acid sequences of enzymes are uniform foreukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms.&
8. The author's attitude toward the view that living things aredivided into three categories is best described as one of&
(A) tentative acceptance&
(B) mild skepticism&
(C) limited denial&
(D) studious oriticism&
(E) whole hearted endorsement&
PASSAGE 42&
1. The author mentions each of the following as a cause ofexcess inventory EXCEPT&
(A) production of too much merchandise&
(B) inaccurate forecasting of buyers' preferences&
(C) unrealistic pricing policies&
(D) products' rapid obsolescence&
(E) availability of a better product&
2. The passage suggests that which of the following is akind of product that a liquidator who sells to discountstores would be unlikely to wish to acquire?&
(A) Furniture&
(B) Computers&
(C) Kitchen equipment&
(D) Baby-care products&
(E) Children's clothing&
3. The passage provides information that supports which ofthe following statements?&
(A) Excess inventory results most often frominsufficient market analysis by the manufacturer.&
(B) Products with slight manufacturing defects maycontribute to excess inventory.&
(C) Few manufacturers have taken advantage of thechanges in the federal tax laws.&
(D) Manufacturers who dump their excess inventory areoften caught and exposed by the news media.&
(E) Most products available in discount stores havecome from manufacturers' excess-inventory stock.&
4. The author cites the examples in lines 25-29 most probably in order to illustrate&
(A) the fiscal irresponsibility of dumping as a policy fordealing with excess inventory&
(B) the waste-management problems that dumping newproducts creates&
(C) the advantages to the manufacturer of dumping as apolicy&
(D) alternatives to dumping explored by differentcompanies&
(E) how the news media could portray dumping to thedetriment of the manufacturer's reputation&
5. By asserting that manufacturers "are simply unaware"(line 31), the author suggests which of the following?&
(A) Manufacturers might donate excess inventory to charity rather than dump it if they knew about the provision in the federal tax code.&
(B) The federal government has failed to providesufficient encouragement to manufacturers to makeuse of advantageous tax policies.&
(C) Manufacturers who choose to dump excessinventory are not aware of the possible effects ontheir reputation of media coverage of such dumping.&
(D) The manufacturers of products disposed of bydumping are unaware of the needs of those peoplewho would find the products useful.&
(E) The manufacturers who dump their excess inventoryare not familiar with the employment of liquidatorsto dispose of overstock.&
6. The information in the passage suggests that which ofthe following, if true, would make donating excess inventory to charity less attractive to manufacturers thandumping?&
(A) The costs of getting the inventory to the charitabledestination are greater than the above-cost taxdeduction.&
(B) The news media give manufacturers' charitablecontributions the same amount of coverage that theygive dumping.&
(C) No straight-cost tax benefit can be claimed for itemsthat are dumped.&
(D) The fair-market value of an item in excess inventoryis&
1.5 times its cost.&
(E) Items end up as excess inventory because of achange in the public's preferences.&
7. Information in the passage suggests that one reasonmanufacturers might take advantage of the tax provisionmentioned in the last paragraph is that&
(A) there are many kinds of products that cannot belegally dumped in a landfill&
(B) liquidators often refuse to handle products withslight imperfections&
(C) the law allows a deduction in excess of the cost ofmanufacturing the product&
(D) media coverage of contributions of excess-inventoryproducts to charity is widespread and favorable&
(E) no tax deduction is available for products dumped orsold to a liquidator&
PASSAGE 43&
1. According to the passage, job segregation by sex in theUnited States was&
(A) greatly diminlated by labor mobilization during theSecond World War&
(B) perpetuated by those textile-mill owners who arguedin favor of women's employment in wage labor&
(C) one means by which women achieved greater jobsecurity&
(D) reluctantly challenged by employers except whenthe economic advantages were obvious&
(E) a constant source of labor unrest in the young textileindustry&
2. According to the passage, historians of women's laborfocused on factory work as a more promising area ofresearch than service-sector work because factory work&
(A) involved the payment of higher wages&
(B) required skill in detailed tasks&
(C) was assumed to be less characterized by sexsegregation&
(D) was more readily accepted by women than by men&
(E) fitted the economic dynamic of industrialism better&
3. It can be inferred from the passage that early historiansof women's labor in the United States paid littleattention to women's employment in the service sectorof the economy because&
(A) the extreme variety of these occupations made itvery difficult to assemble meaningful statistics aboutthem&
(B) fewer women found employment in the servicesector than in factory work&
(C) the wages paid to workers in the service sector weremuch lower than those paid in the industrial sector&
(D) women's employment in the service sector tended tobe much more short-term than in factory work&
(E) employment in the service sector seemed to havemuch in common with the unpaid work associatedwith homemaking&
4. The passage supports which of the following statementsabout the early mill owners mentioned in the secondparagraph?&
(A) They hoped that by creating relatively unattractive"female" jobs they would discourage women fromlosing interest in marriage and family life.&
(B) They sought to increase the size of the availablelabor force as a means to keep men's to keep men'swages low.&
(C) They argued that women were inherently suited todo well in particular kinds of factory work.&
(D) They thought that factory work bettered thecondition of women by emancipating them fromdependence on income earned by men.&
(E) They felt guilty about disturbing the traditionaldivision of labor in family.&
5. It can be inferred from the passage that the "unfinishedrevolution" the author mentions in line 13 refers tothe&
(A) entry of women into the industrial labor market&
(B) recognition that work done by women ashomemakers should be compensated at ratescomparable to those prevailing in the service sectorof the economy&
(C) development of a new definition of femininityunrelated to the economic forces of industrialism&
(D) introduction of equal pay for equal work in allprofessions&
(E) emancipation of women wage earners from gender-determined job allocation&
6. The passage supports which of the following statementsabout hiring policies in the United States?&
(A) After a crisis many formerly "male" jobs arereclassified as "female" jobs.&
(B) Industrial employers generally prefer to hire womenwith previous experience as homemakers.&
(C) Post-Second World War hiring policies causedwomen to lose many of their wartime gains inemployment opportunity.&
(D) Even war industries during the Second World Warwere reluctant to hire women for factory work.&
(E) The service sector of the economy has proved morenearly gender-blind in its hiring policies than has themanufacturing sector.&
7. Which of the following words best expresses the opinionof the author of the passage concerning the notion thatwomen are more skillful than men in carrying outdetailed tasks?&
(A) "patient" (line 21)&
(B) "repetitive" (line 21)&
(C) "hoary" (line 22)&
(D) "homemaking" (line 23)&
(E) "purview" (line 24)&
8. Which of the following best describes the relationship ofthe final paragraph to the passage as a whole?&
(A) The central idea is reinforced by the citation ofevidence drawn from twentieth-century history.&
(B) The central idea is restated in such a way as to forma transition to a new topic for discussion.&
(C) The central idea is restated and juxtaposed withevidence that might appear to contradic it.&
(D) A partial exception to the generalizations of thecentral idea is dismissed as unimportant.&
(E) Recent history is cited to suggest that the centralidea's validity is gradually diminishing.&
PASSAGE 44&
1. The author is primarily concerned with&
(A) advocating a return to an older methodology&
(B) explaining the importance of a recent theory&
(C) enumerating differences between two widely usedmethods&
(D) describing events leading to a discovery&
(E) challenging the assumptions on which a theory isbased&
2. According to the passage, the widely held view ofArchean- age gold-quartz vein systems is that suchsystems&
(A) were formed from metamorphic fluids&
(B) originated in molten granitelike bodies&
(C) were formed from alluvial deposits&
(D) generally have surface expression&
(E) are not discoverable through chemical tests&
3. The passage implies that which of the following stepswould be the first performed by explorers who wish tomaximize their chances of discovering gold?&
(A) Surveying several sites known to have been formedmore than two billion years ago&
(B) Limiting exploration to sites known to have beenformed from metamorphic fluid.&
(C) Using an appropriate conceptual model to select asite for further exploration&
(D) Using geophysical methods to analyze rocks over abroad area&
(E) Limiting exploration to sites where alluvial gold haspreviously been found&
4. Which of the following statements about discoveries ofgold deposits is supported by information in thepassage?&
(A) The number of gold discoveries made annually hasincreased between the time of the original gold rushesand the present.&
(B) New discoveries of gold deposits are likely to be theresult of exploration techniques designed to locateburied mineralization.&
(C) It is unlikely that newly discovered gold deposits willever yield as much as did those deposits discoveredduring the original gold rushes.&
(D) Modern explorers are divided on the question of theutility of simple prospecting methods as a source ofnew discoveries of gold deposits.&
(E) Models based on the theory that gold originatedfrom magmatic fluids have already led to newdiscoveries of gold deposits.&
5. It can be inferred from the passage that which of thefollowing is easiest to detect?&
(A) A gold-quartz vein system originating in magmaticfluids&
(B) A gold-quartz vein system originating inmeamorphic fluids&
(C) A gold deposit that is mixed with granite&
(D) A gold deposit that has shed alluvial gold&
(E) A gold deposit that exhibits chemical halos&
6. The theory mentioned in line 1 relates to the conceptualmodels discussed in the passage in which of thefollowing ways?&
(A) It may furnish a valid account of ore-formingprocesses, and, hence, can support conceptualmodels that have great practical significance.&
(B) It suggests that certain geological formations, longbelieved to be mineralized, are in factmineralized, thus confirming current conceptualmodels.&
(C) It suggests that there may not be enough similarityacross Archean-age gold-quartz vein systems towarrant the formulation of conceptual models.&
(D) It corrects existing theories about the chemicalhalos of gold deposits, and thus provides abasis for correcting current conceptual models.&
(E) It suggests that simple prospecting methodsstill have a higher success rate in the discoveryof gold deposits than do more modern methods.&
7. According to the passage, methods of exploring for goldthat are widely used today are based on which of thefollowing facts?&
(A) Most of the Earth's remaining gold deposits are stillmolten.&
(B) Most of the Earth's remaining gold deposits areexposed at the surface.&
(C) Most of the Earth's remaining gold deposits areburied and have no surface expression.&
(D) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration,since the other types of gold deposits are found inregions difficult to reach.&
(E) Only one type of gold deposit warrants exploration,since the other types of gold deposits are unlikely toyield concentrated quantities of gold.&
8. It can be inferred from the passage that the efficiency ofmodel-based gold exploration depends on which of thefollowing?Ⅰ. The closeness of the match between the geologicalfeatures identified by the model as critical and theactual geological features of a given areaⅡ. The degree to which the model chosen relies onempirical observation of known mineral depositsrather than on theories of ore-forming processesⅢ. The degree to which the model chosen is based onan accurate description of the events leading tomineralization&
(A) Ⅰonly&
(B) Ⅱ only&
(C) Ⅰand Ⅱ only&
(D) Ⅰ and Ⅲ only&
(E) Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ&
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