Internal Flow System by D. S. Miller_Internal Flow System by D. S. Miller免费下载_爱问共享资料
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Internal Flow System by D. S. Miller.pdf
简介：非常经典的书 给大家
Internal Flow System by D. S. Miller.pdf
Internal Flow System by D. S. M…
简介：非常经典的书 给大家
很经典的一本书,主要介绍内流系统
管内流动资料，不错。
Treasury和internal control内控资料
书名：《道教入门》英文版
道教入门基本读物，英语与知识兼学并进，很适合中国人的口味。
Internal Flow - Concepts and Applications
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通道流场，漩涡及二次流理论
昆士兰大学流体力学课件
昆士兰大学流体力学课件
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所需积分：022.03 · Kyushu Institute of TechnologyAbstractBased on the macro-size control-volume analysis using momentum and energy equations, losses occurred in internal flow systems are reviewed and discussed in this paper. And it is demonstrated that simple treatment of the loss which consists of the loss due to the wall friction and the loss due to adverse pressure is rational and proper to deepen our understanding of internal flow losses. Further, attempts to reduce losses observed in an orifice flowmeter and a cylindrical intake are shown as the evaluation of the proposed concept.Discover the world's research12+ million members100+ million publications500k+ research projects
TY1irdIntemationalConferenceonPumpsandFansmnghuaUniversity,Beijing,０ct?13‐16,1998ＦＬＵＩＤＭＥＣＨＡＭＣＳＯＦＬＯＳＳＥＳＯＣＣＵＲＲＥＤｌＮ１ＮＴＥＲＮＡＬＦＬＯＷＳＹＳＴＥＭＳＭ?ＮISHIKyushuInstitutcofTcChnology，ＪＡＰＡＮＡＢＳＴＲＡＣＴBascdonthcmacro-sizecontrol-volumcanalysisusingmomcntumandcnergycquations,losscsoccurrcdinintcrnalnowsystcmsarcrcvicwcdanddiscusscdinthispapcr?AnditisdemonstratcdthatsimplctrcatmcntofthelosswhichconsistsofthclossductothcwallfrictionandthclossductoadvcrseprcssurcisrationalandpropcrtodecpenourundcrstandingofinternalflowlosscsFurthcr,attcmptstorcducclosscsobservedinanorificeflowmeterandacylindricalintakeareshownastheevaluationofthcproposcdconccpt．1．ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮToachievefurthcrdevclopmcntofturbomachincsandfluidflowsystcmswithhigherpcrformancc,minimizationofJⅢ（hcadloss,prcssureloss,encrgyloss,powerloss）occuIrcdinthemisesscntiaLApopularCFDtcchniqucwillbcusablcforthisgoal,butitoftenneedssometuningproccdurccspcciallyfOrintcrnalflowproblems?Dccpandrationalundcrstanding(1)ｏｆ〃e伽Ｍｏｗ?Ⅲes,i?e?,lossesoccuⅡcdinintcrnalflowsystems,isstillveryhclpfulfOrrcscarchcrsandengineerstopcrfomgooddesigninglnthcexternalflowcascs，ｉｔｉｓｗｃｌｌｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｄｒａｇｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｃmovementofabodythroughstationaryfluidconsistsoffrictionaldragductothcwallshcarfOrccandfOmdrag(orprcssuredrag）calculatcdfromprcssurcdistributionaroundthcbodylfsomctcstisnecded，ascalcmodelisplaccdinthcfrcestrcamofawind-tunncltcst-scctionandthcaccuratcmeasurcmcntofdragfOrceisconductedAsthcpowerrcquircdtokecpthcmotionisrelatedtothemagnitudeofdrag,itsreductionisalmostalwayscxpcctcdDuetothepropcrunderstandingofdraｇ（orpowcrloss),wccanusuallyfindoutagoodmcthod(2)：smoothingthewallsurfaceforfriction-dragrcductionandsuppressingscparationforthepressurc-dragOnthcothcrhand,itseemsthatthclossmechanismisnotwellclarifiedinthccaseofinternalflows、Asthcflowinacertainpassagcisgcncrallyrcgardcｄａｓｃｏｍｐｌｃｘ,variouswaystospecifythcintcmalflowlosseshavebeenpresentcdinthelitcraturesp)．Thosclosscs
othcrthanwallfrictionlossarcInixingloss,vortcxloss,scparationloss,diffusionloss,shoCkloss,secondaryflowloss,clcaranccloss,cxpansionloss,ｂｃｎｄｌｏｓｓａｎｄｃｔｃｌｎｓｏｍｃｓｃｎｓｃ，wemaybcrccommcndcdtofOllowthoscconvcntionalways,sincevanoususefUlexperlmentaldatahavebecncorrclatcdwiththcoriginallossdefinitionlnotherscnsc,however，ｔｈｉｓcase-by-casewayofthinkingdoesn,tassistustohavcgcncralviewandgoodinsightfortheinternalflowlosscssufficicntly?Itiscxpectcdtorcarrangethcmliketheexternalnowlosses，ifpossiblaThus,basicfluidlncchanicsoflosscsinsteady,incompressibleintcmalflowwithoutswirlarediscusscdatfirstrcvicwingtypicalexamplcsfromthcmacroscopicvicwpointinthispapcr,andsucccssfUlattcmptstorcduccintcrnalflowlosscsbascdonthcproposcdconceptarcprcscntcdaswclL２ＢＡＳＩＣＭＥＣＨＡＮｌＣＳ２１Changesofcross-sectionalareaanddirectionoffIowManytextbooksshowthat〃&orjosses（i?e?,losscsothcrthanpipcfrictionloss）arcmainlycauscdbythecrossscctionalchangeandcurvedpassage?Ｔｈｉｓdcscriptionoftenleadsrescarchersandcnginecrstothinkthatthosetwohavesomcdiffcrentmechanisln,ａｎｄ&、inimizcarca-changcanddircction,,hasbccnthchJeQ/、以肋fOrthclnOurattcntionisfirstlypaidtothisproblcminthisscction２１．１SuddenenlargementanddiffuserAsancxampleofarca-change,Fig.１showsasuddcncnlargemcntfrolnAItod2mountcdatthcdownstreamcndofahorizontalpipc,whichdischargcsintothcatmosphcrcatflow-ratcQ?Providingthatitislongcnough,thcflowatthccxitplaneisrcgardcdasunifOrlnThcloss△pduetothesuddencnlargcmentissatisfactorilypIcdictcdbythcfollowingfCrmula，whichisderivedfromthclinearlnomentumthcoryncglcctingthcwallfriction．Ａｐ＝/o(ｖ１－ｖｚ)２／２＝(ｐＱ２／２)(Ａ２－Ａ,)２／(Ａ１Ａｚ)２（１）IhctcnsilcfOrccFactingontheboltswhichsupportthcenlargcmcntbythcflangccouplingisgivcnbytheequation(2)ifthcstaticprcssurcatthccxitplancisequaltothcatmosphcricpressure．ｊＤ２Ｃ￣1１２１FiglAsuddcncnlargcmcnt
Ｆ＝＿ｐ](４２－．，）＝/OＱ２(ｄ２－ｄ,)２／い,422）（２）IfwcinstalltheconicalwallinsidcthcpassagctoformaconicaldiffuＳＣＩ,whichisshownwiththcdashcdlinci?Fig.１，thctcnsilefOrcMbforthiscasciscxprcsscdasＦｂ＝/〔)Ｑ(V1-v2）＋ｐ１ａｌ１－(1/2)ｐＱ２(ｄ２－茎4,)２／い,422）（３）Thcabovccquationisalsodcrivcdfromthcmomentumthcory，whcrcitisassumcdthatnoflow-scparationoccursalongthcdivcrgingwallandthcwallfrictionisncgligiblcltissccnthatFbforthcconicaldiffuserishalfofFforthesuddcnenlargement,providingthatthcflow-rateQisthcsamcinbothcascs?AndwcnowknowthatthcintcrnalflowlosswillbcdircctlyrclatedtothestrcamwiseforceactingonthcpassagcwalLThatis,thcrcductionoftheforceinthiscascwillbeaccomplishedbythccffcctiverccoveryofprcssurcinthediffuscr、２１．２gOdegelbowAccordingtothcprcviouscxpcrimcnt,thcpressurclossfora90dcgcircularcross-sectionclbowrcachesll29timesthcdynamicprcssurcofthethroughflow(3)．Torcducethisclbowloss,tcxtbookshavcusuallysuggestcdustoinstallguidcvancsinthccurvedscctionpropcrly?AnditisoftcnstatcdasthcintcrprctationofitscffcctivcncssthatthoscvancshclptheflowturnsmoothlywithoutscparationAsatypicalcxamplcofcurvcdpassagcs（bcndsandelbows),atwo-dimcnsional90dcgelbowhavingconstantwidthclshowninFig?ＺｉｓｔａｋｅｎｕｐＨｃｒｃ，theonc-dimcnsionalanalysisismadeusingthccontrolvolumcshownwiththcdashcdlincwhichistakenalongthewallsurface(1)．Ａｎｄｗｅｕｓｃｔｈｅｍｏｄｃｌ,whcrethewallfrictionisncgligiblcandthevclocityvisuniformatthcupstreamendlandthcdownstreamｅｎｄ２．ProvidingthatthcprcssurcpIatthcscctionlissctatOasthcstandardvaluc,thcprcssureloss△pisexpresscdasfOllows：Ａｐ＝￣ｐ２ｌＩ－ＩＩ－仇〃９シ?ＩｌＩｌＩFｉｇ２Ａ９０ｄｃｇｅｌｂｏｗ
ThcmomcntulnbalanceequationinthcdownstrcamdircctionisgivenbyノＭｖ２＝ｐｅａ－ｐ２ａ,ｉｆｔｈｃｆｌｏｗｉｓａｓｓｕｍｃｄｔｏｔｕｍａｔｔｈｃｓｃctioni?PemthcabovccquationisthcavcragＣＰＩessurcOverthewallbctwecniande，ａｎｄｉｔｓｖａｌｕｅｍａｙｂｅｃｌｏｓｃｔｏｔｈｅｓｔａｇnantpressurethcre?IfthisapprOximation,ｉｅ.,ｐ`＝pW2isused,thenextequationisderivcdfOrthcelbowloss．△ｐ＝＿ルーｐＶ２－ｐＶｚ／Ｚ＝ｐＶ２／Ｚ（４）ThusthclosscocfficientofLOisobtaincdinthiscasc,anditisrccognizcdclcarlythatgoodpredictionfOrthcelbowlosscanbemadcbythemomcntumthcory?Anothcrmomcntumbalanccequationisapplicdtothccontrolvolumc,downstreamendofwhichissclcctcdatscctionｃ,providingthatthctotalpressurcdoesn,tdropuptothisscctionItisgivenbyｐａｖｃｖ＝ped-pcaSincetheBernoullicquationisalsoapplicabletothcflow，ＰＶ２／２＝ｐＣ＋?ＯＶＣ２／２whcrcVcandpcdcnotcthcvclocityandstaticprcssurcatscctioncrcspcctivcly?Frombothequations，thefOllowingrclationshipisobtainedｙｃ＝２Ｖ(５）vcbcingtwicctheupstrcamvclocitWindicatcsthatthcflowcontractionwilloccuratthissectionAflowvisualizationstudyhasalsoshownusthatthisvcnacontractaissccninthcclbow:thcscparatiomcgionisobscrvcdalongthcinncrwallofthcdownstrcamside(lcfthandsideinthcfigurc).Abovcdiscussionalsoshowsthatthcso-callcdclbowlossInostlyoccursnotinthecomcrrcgionsbutinthcrcgionbctwccnscctioncandscctio、Ｚ,whichissimilartothccaseofthcsuddcncnlargcmcnt?Thatis,thclargelossisgcneratedinthcflowrcgionundcrpositivc（oradvcrsc）prcssurcgradicnt?Asthcadvcrscprcssurcactsonthcflowasthercsistanceinbothcascs,itislnuchconvcnicntforustotrcatthclossductochangcinarcaandthclossduetochangcmdircctionidcnticallyrathcrthanscparatcly?Thcroleoftheguidcvancsiscxplainablcasfollows:１，stallationofguidcvancsinthcelbowiscffCctivctorcduccthcloss,ifthoscvancsforccthcflowtowarddownstream．２２PressuredropintheentranceregionofapipeThenextproblcmrevicwedhereisthcpressuredropintheentrancercgionofapipe(Ｒ：pipcladius）whichisshownin]Fig.3,whcrcthcturbulcntflowisunifOmatinlctscctionlandreachesthcfullydcvelopcdconditionatsection2,thelengthLedownstrcamlfthecontrol-volumcanalysisisapplicdtocxprcssthcpressureｄｒｏｐ(p，‐ｐ２）bctwccntwosections，thcmomentumbalanceequationintheaxialdirectionisgivcnby
ＪｆＺ兀肌コルpい-(ルハ)&R‘-㎡Z〃ＲＭⅢ（６）IfthevelocitydistributioMtscction2fOllowstheone-sevcnthpowcrlaw(&＝７：cxponcnt)，thcprcssurcdropisexprcsscdas１＋５〃２Ｖ２＋Ａｐｗ＝0.0412Ｖ２十Ａハｐｌ－ｐ２＝Z1z2(2+&）２２，ｗｈｅｒｅ△pwdenOtesthelossduetothewallfriction（すｗ：wallshearstress）(７）Aハー2J;ＭⅦTheotherwaytoobtainthepressuredropinthisrcgionistoapplythecnergyequation，whichiscxprcsscdas(ハサHL+証?〃川(二騨刎)制僻兀祭α,}…）Arrangingtheabovecquationwiththeone-scventh-power-law,svclocityprofile,ｗｅcangctthcfOllowingrelationship．???????A2-O川二ｈAp，（,）,whcrc幼isthelossofmcchanicalcncrgyductothefrictionworkpcrfOrmcdbyshcaringstrcssltisgivenby△??衾片(&f汀祭α,}血,andAisthccocfficicntrclatcdtothcvclocityprofilc．卜(&+&)‘(&+助)，/Ｉ４Ｗ３+&)(3+2&ルーlSinccthcpressurcdrop(p，‐ｐ２）incquations(7)and(9)isthcidcnticalquantity，therclationshipbctwecn△ｐｗａｎｄ△P/isgivcnbythcfOllowingcquation１２Fig3StcadyflowthroughtheentranccIcgionofapipc
△ハーＡｐノー０．０１７２Ｖ２（１０）ZItindicatcsusthatthediffcrenccbctwccnthelossductowallfrictionandthelossduetofrictionworkinthccntranccshcarflowisO?OI7Pv2／２，i?c?,thcfOrmcrisslightlyglcatcrthanthclatterltshouldbcnotcdthatthesimilarfcaturcisrccognizcdinthccascofthclaminarentranccflowandthedifferencebecomcspB??Ov2／２．Theexplanationforthisnaturcofcntranccflowisasfollows：Ｔｈｃｃｎｔｒａｎｃｅｆｌｏｗｉｎａｐｉｐｃｌｏｓｃｓｔｈｅmechanicalcnergyductothcwallfrictionbutgainstheworkdoncbythcprcssurc,sinceitdecrcascstowarddownstrcamThuMhcnctlossofcncrgy△p/isalittlebitsmallcrthanthelossduetothcwallfTictiｏｎ△p&?Forthcbcttcrundcrstanding，Ｆｉｇ４ｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｃｃｎｃｒｇｙｂａｌａｎｃｃｉｎｔｈｃfullydcvclopcdlaminarpipcflow,whcrcthrcccomponcntsofnondimensionalcnergypcrunitvolumcandtimcEp,ETandElrcspcctivclyindicatctheworkdoncduetothcfavorablc（orncgativc）prcssuregradicnt，theworkdoncductothcshcaringstressandthcencrgytransfOrmedintoheatbyhiction（dissipatcdcncrgy)．Ｅｐ＝１－(r/Ｒ)ＺＥＴ＝２(r/Ｒ)２－１Ｅ／＝（&/Ｒ)ZItissecnthatthcfUllydcvclopcdconditionismaintainedbythccncrgytransportinthcradialdircctionandthcccntralflowrcgionuptothcradialpositionofEr＝OsuppliesthccnergytothelaycrncarthcwalL２ＳlntegralequationsforboundarylayerForatwodimcnsional,incomprcssiblcboundarylaycrinstcadyflowonthcwallsurfacc，thcfOllowingmomcntuInandcncrgyintcgralcquationsarcderivcd(2)．-2L(pu20)＝で”＋６．匹ａｘａｘ(１１）急いU,等)‐?芸の(１２）万－１０＋１Fig.４Distributionsofenergyinapipc(axis:Ｅｐ＝１，Ｅｒ＝-1,m＝０，ｗall:Ｅｐ＝０，Ｅで＝１，Ｅ/＝１）
,whereグ＊：displaccmcntthickness，夕：Inolncntumthickncss，づ*＊：energythickncss，ｒ:shcaringstress，ａｎｄｒｗ：wallshcarstrcssThemomentumequationshowsusthattheInomentumdcfCctintheboundarylayeriscausedbytwokindsofrcsistance：OneistheresistanceduetothewallfrictionandtheotheristhcrcsistanccductothcgradicntofprcssurcactingonthclaycrofdisplaccmcntthickncssThisequationalsoindicatcsthatitispossibletomaketheboundarylaycrthinundernegativcpressurcgradicnt,ifthcprcssurcfOrccactingonitisgreatcrthanthcwallfrictionMcanwhilc，thcmonlentumdcfCctbecomesquitclargcfOrtheboundarylayerncarscparating,becauseofthcrcsistancecausedbythcthickerdisplacementthickncssunderconsiderableadvcrse（orpositivc）prcssurcgradicntevenifthcWallfrictionisncgligiblc?Fromthelattercquation,wesecthatthcenergydefectiscauscdbythefrictionworkpcrfOnncdinthcboundarylaycrbythcshcaringｓｔｒｅｓｓて．MomcntulnwhichisrcquircdtosustainthcboundarylaycrflowistransportcdbyusingthcshearforccfrommainflowtowardthcwalLThus,Equations(11)and(12)hclpusundcrstandproperlyhowandwhythcfluidencrgyisdissipatcdinbothintcrnalandexternalflows．aＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＴＩＯＮlWocxamplesarcintroduccdhcrctodemonstratcthcusefulnessofthcproposcdconccpt(olsimplctreatmentofintcrnalflowlosses)fOrthcrcductionofthelosscsa1LossreductionofanorificeflowmeterAnorificeplatchasbccnuscdwidclyasapopularnowmetcrfOrpipeflows,sinccithassuchfCaturcsascasy-to-makc,casy-to-install,andeasy-to-usc?ItsdisadvantagcislaIgerprcssurclossthanthatofaVenturitube?Bascdonthcprescntconcept,itissuspectcdthatthclargeamountoflossmayoccurintheregiondownstreamofthcvcnacontractawhercthecontractingflowthroughthcorificcexpandsuntilitfillsthepipe,andanidcatoinstallaconicaldiffuscrinthcpipcdownstrcamoftheorificcplatewillbederivcdinordcrtoreducethcloss．０．ＲｉｎｇFig.５AnorificewithdiffUscr（β=0.5）
１８６４２００００（〉）］５℃垣。。◎閉○一0O06000O７００００ＲｃFig.６CharacteristicsofLosscocfficicntいの＝0.14）１ooriginaldiffUscr-JIS-a９８７０００（ご）〕５一○『咽(11)。。参○国○！0.60.ｓO06000o７００００ＲｅFig7CharacteristicsofFlowcocfficient（xの＝0.14）Fig.５ｓｈｏｗｓｓｕｃｈａｎｅｘａｍｐｌｃ,acorncrtaporificcwithdiffuscrhavingthcdiamctcrratio二0.5．ExpcrimcntalrcsultsarcshowninFi9.6仏)，whcIcthclosscocfficicntsarcplottcdβ=0.5．ExpcrilncntalrcsultsarcshowninFig.６Ｗ,whcIcthclosscocfficicntsarcplottcdwithcircularmarksagainstthｃＲｃｙｎｏｌｄｓｎｕｍｂｃＬＩｔｉｓｓｃｃｎｔｈａｔｔｈｃorificclosscanbcreducedconsiderablybythediffuserinstallation,thoughitdoesrtaffectthenowcoefficientasshowninFig7．S2LossreductionofacylindricalairintakeAcylindricalairintakchasbcenuscdasthecasingofajetfanforvchicletunnclvcntilationThccasingwallisusuallythinsothattheinletlosscannotbencglcctcd?TomakcclcarthccffCctoflipgcomctryontheintakeloss,anexpcrimcntalstudywascarriedoutusingtwokindsoflips,quartcr-round（typcA）andscmicircular（typeＢ）inthccaseofthcthickncssratiot／Ｒ＝0.25,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇ８,andstillairwassuckedintothecylmdricalintakc（inncrradius:Ｒ＝100ｍｍ)．Fig9showsthcirlosscocfficicnts(5)．Thelatterisgreatcrthanthcformcｒｄｕｃｔｏｔｈｃｌａｒｇｃｒｓｃａｌｃｏｆｆｌｏｗｓｃｐａrationoccurredncarthcinlct?Torcduccthepressurelossofthclatterlip,aramptypcblockwasinstallcdatthｃｉｎｌｅｔａｓｓｈｏｗｎｉｎＦｉｇｌＯ，followingthcprescntconccpt?Thistcstrcsult（typcB＋）isalsoshowninFig9?ThclosscocfficicntざLＬＬＬＬＬＵＯ△originaldiffUconvcntionalserorificc０．〃、〃VN/ＷＶ2ＭＡ△CfL』』』。■■?○○○)OqDDCCpCqCDoCDDCm夕。■。
■０．０８ＣonsiderablesmallcrthanthatfOrthcoriginalscmi-circularlipThus,itisseenthatthcconccptwolksvcrywcllasthcguidelincfOrthclossrcduction．１ncesection(a）quarter-roundlip（typeＡ）ncesection(b）scmi-circularlip（typcB）Fig8Acylindricalair-mtakcＷ/Ｕ=0UｖｉＯ３０ＡＢ研Ｗｗｗ－十一0２０0.10000１１．１１．２１３１．４×１o5ReFig9CharacteristicsofLosscocfficicnt
し－－－－－－－－－－－－－■_Ｓ～〒FiglOArcmcdyforlossrcduction（typeＢ＋）4．ＣＯＮＣＬＵＤＩＮＧＲＥＭＡＲＫＳAsthcintcmalflowisusuallyrcgardedascolnplcx,thccoⅡespondinglossesofmcchanicalcncrgyhavcbccntrcatcdwiththccase-by-cascconccpt?Howcvcr,ｆｒｏｍthcstudyonitsfluidmcchanicsitisrcvcalcdthatthcsimplcclassificationofthcintcrnalflowlosswhichconsistsofthclossductowallfrictionandthclossduetoadverseprcssurcisrcgardedasrationalandpropcrtodccpcnourundcrstandi?gofthosclosscsltiscxpcctcdthatvariousgoodrcmcdicswillbcdcvclopcdbascdonthcproposcdconccpttorcduccthosclosscsinintcrnalflowsystemsnlucheasicrthanbeforc,typicalcxamplcsofwhicharcshowninthispaper．ＡＣＫＮＯＷＬＥＤＧＥＭＥＮＴＳThcauthorwishcstocxprcssthcirappreciationtomanystudcntsandstaffsofFluidEnginccringLaboratoryinthcsamcinstitutionforthcirassistanccinvariousphascsofthisstudy．ＲＥＦＥＲＥＮＣＥＳ[1］Scnoo，Ｙ,1990,``AnothcrMcthodonPracticalFlowAnalysis,,,(InvitcdLccturc),2ndKSME-JSMEFluidsEnginccringConference,Seoul．[2】Schlichting,Ｈ?,1968,&BoundaryLayerTheory,&６cd,McGraw-HilL[3］Miller,，.Ｓ,1971,&IntcrnalFlow-Aguidctolosscsinpipcandductsystems,，，ＢＨＲＡ[4］Okamoto,Ｍ?,Nishi,Ｍ?,andMatsunaga,Ｓ,1991,“FurtllcrNotconthcCharactcristicsofanOrificcMctcrwithScparablcDiffuser,ＡＳＭＥＦＥＤ－ＶｏＬ１０８,ｐｐ?117-120．[5lNishi,Ｍ?，Yamada,Ｍ,Kodama,Ｓ,andOkamoto.Ｍ?,1995,&IncomprcssiblcFlowAroundthcAirlntakcofaFan,“ProceedingofSecondInternationalConfcrenceonPumpsandFans,ＶＯＬ１，ｐｐ９５‐１０４
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Full-text · Article · Mar 2017
Full-text · Article · Mar 2017 · International Journal of Heat and Mass TransferData provided are for informational purposes only. Although carefully collected, accuracy cannot be guaranteed. Publisher conditions are provided by RoMEO. Differing provisions from the publisher's actual policy or licence agreement may be applicable.This publication is from a journal that may support self archiving.
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