一般过去时与现在完成时　的区别--紫雪的blog
一般过去时与现在完成时&的区别
13:19:00 | By: 紫雪 ]
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。 一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。 现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。 共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。 一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了） I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了） Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了） Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争） He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
现在完成时是初中英语学习的重点和难点，初三同学学习现在完成时，应抓住关键。现总结以下四点，一定对同学们理解、运用现在完成时有所帮助，不妨一试。　　一、现在完成时的意义（用法）　　1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。（瞬间动词适用于这种情况）　　2.表示过去已经开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。（延续性动词适用于这种情况）　　我们可以简记为：　　（1） “过去对现在”（瞬间动词）　　（2） “过去到现在”（延续性动词）　　二、现在完成时的构成（结构）　　现在完成时由“助动词have(has) + 过去分词”构成。　　我们可以简记为：　　① have(has)在前面，　　② 过去分词在后边，　　③ 以前(before) 从来不(never) 出现，　　④最近(recently) 曾经(ever) 一(once) 两遍(twice)，　　⑤自从(since) 刚刚(just) for一段，今天(today) 已经(already/yet) 很明显。　　注：1. ①②是指该时态的构成。③④⑤是时态的标志。　　2. since +（1）（过去的）月份/年份　　since +（2） 一段时间+ago　　since +（3）一般过去时从句 　　例如：　　1. I have lived here for 9 years.　　2. Wang Zhenrong has been teaching English here since 20 years ago.　　3. Have you ever seen Mr Zhaos wife?　　4. Weve never been there before.& & 5. Has Shi Qingyong had his lunch yet?& & 6. Wang Qishan has read the book twice.& & 三、 关于瞬间动词的记忆口诀& & 现在完成在瞬间；非延只连时间点；终止需转换；否定方可碰一段。& & 注：1.瞬间动词又叫非延续性动词，还叫终止性动词。瞬间动词可以有现在完成时态， 但不可以接一段时间，若要接一段时间，须要做一些相应的变换。& &2.瞬间动词在完成时态中的否定式可以接一段时间。& &初中阶段常见的瞬间动词有：&&（1） 来(come)、去(go)、到(get to/reach/arrive at)、离(leave)、看(see)、听（说）hear&&（2） 买(buy)、卖(sell)、开(open)、关(close)、起床(get up)&&（3） 参加(join/take part in)、开发(begin/start)、还(return/give)（与）借(borrow/lend)&&（4） 变成(become/turn)、带(bring/take)、给(give)、死(die)、完(finish/end)、接(receive/hear from)
现在完成时1．现在完成时的构成：助动词have (has) + 动词的过去分词注：has 用于第三人称单数，have 用于其他所有人称。 2．现在完成时的用法：（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。通常与表示包括现在在内的时间副词just，already, before, yet, never, ever等状语连用。例如：①②③④⑤有时没有时间状语；多是一般疑问句。（2）现在完成时表示过去已经开始，持续到现在,也许还会持续下去的动作或状态。可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括现在在内）的一段时间的状语连用。 如：for和since，以及 so far, now, today, this week(month, year) 等。①②③④ened to the USA in the last 350 years?注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的短语连用。 （3）现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作，例如：I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we’ll go to the park.（4） have been (to)和have gone (to)的区别： ★表示“曾经去过”某地，说话时此人很可能不在那里，已经回来。侧重指经历。★表示某人“已经去了”某地，说话时此人在那里，或可能在路上，反正不在这里。 试比较：He has been to Beijing. 他曾去过北京。（人已回来，可能在这儿）He has gone to Beijing. 他已经去了北京。（人已走，不在这儿）。
A: &现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 结构：助动词have/has&+&动词的过去分词& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 用法:&1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already,&yet,&ever,&never,&just,&before,&once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these&days,today,this&year,so&far等连用.& & &eg.I&have&already&posted&the&letter.&(信已经不在我这儿了)& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for&+时间段,since+时间点/从句,&in&the&last&ten&years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 解析：&&1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave,&come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段,&since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how&long引导的特殊疑问句中.& &eg.&I've&left&Shanghai&for&three&days.(×) I've&been&away&from&Shanghai&for&three&days.(&√&). I&left&Shanghai&three&days&ago.&(&√&) It&is&/has&been&three&days&since&I&left&Shanghai.(&√&)& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave,&go,&come,&arrive,&begin,&buy,&borrow,&die,&join,&become等.终止性动词要表示持续时,&可用以下方法:& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&⑴将时间状语改为时间段&+&ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.& &&eg.我弟弟参军两年了.&My&brother&joined&the&army&two&years&ago.& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&⑵若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,&或用在&how&long&句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下: come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be&in/at&open-----be&open& die------be&dead&close----be&closed&become---be& borrow---keep&begin/start-----be&on&put&on----wear& leave-----be&away&(from)&buy-----have&fall&asleep----be&asleep end/finish-----be&over&catch&a&cold-----have&a&cold& join&the&army----be&in&the&army&be&a&soldier& join&the&Party----be&in&the&Party&be&a&Party&member& →My&brother&has&been&in&the&army&for&two&years. →My&brother&has&been&a&soldier&for&two&years.& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&3.现在完成时中been&to,gone&to和been&in/at&been&to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用.& &&eg.&She&has&been&to&Shanghai&twice.&(表示目前人在这里)& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&gone&to&去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,& &&eg.&She&has&gone&to&Shanghai。&(表示现在她人不在这里)& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&been&in/at&逗留在某地(已经一段时间).常和for&ten&days,since&I&came&here等连用.& &&eg.&She&has&been&in&Shanghai&since&she&moved&there.& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,in&1991,three&days&ago&last&time,last&night等连用. 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&5.现在完成时中的&for&与&since for&+&时间段&与延续性动词的现在完成时连用& since&+&时间点/从句 I&have&kept&the&library&book&for&a&week.=&I&have&kept&the&library&book&since&a&week&ago.& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&6.&It&is&/has&been&+一段时间&+&since&从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.& &&eg.&It&is&/has&been&two&years&since&my&brother&joined&the&army.& & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&注意: 1.since&引导的从句中动词用过去时 2.when&引导&的特殊问句不与现在完成时连用. 3.have&got,has&got&虽然是现在完成时,但have&got=have&has&got==has
现在完成时专项练习&&&&
I.用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.&&I____ already ____ (see) the film. I ___ (see) it last week.
2.&&___ he ____(finish) his work today ? Not yet .
3.&&___ you ____(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _____ (be) there twice .
4.&&He _______ just ______ (finish) his homework.
5.&&_______ the young woman ever _______(travel) to England?
6.&&_______ each of you _______(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?
7.&&Have you _______(get) any new CDs?
8.&&My family have never _______ (be) to Sanya.
9.&&&They _______ ever _______ (eat) fish and chips.
10.&I _______ just _______ (lose) my science book.
11.&&Has Tom _______ (finish) his work?
12.&&&I have already _______ (read) this book.
13.&&&She hasn't _______(return) her book yet.
14.&&&_________ you ever ____(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.
15.&&My father ____ just ____ (come) back from work. He is tired now.
16.&&Where’s Li Ming ? He __________ (go) to the teacher’s office.
17.&&Shanghai _____ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it _________ (become) a large city.
18.&&&I _______________ (work) here since I ______________ (move) here in 1999.
19.&&&So far I _______________(make) quite a few friends here.
20.&&&How long ________ the Wangs ______________(stay) here ? For two weeks.
21.&& I ____ just ___________ (finish) my homework.
22.&& He ____ (go) to school on foot every day.
23.&& ____ you ____________ (find) your science book yet?
24.&& If it ____ (be) fine tomorrow, I'll go with you.
25.&& She doesn't like the children _______________ (play) in the room.
26.&& The students ____________ (read) English when the teacher came in.
27.&& Look! The monkey ______________ (climb) the tree.
28.&& My mother ____________ (come) to see me next Sunday.
29.&& How many sheep ____ you _______________ (get)? Only one.
30.&& I've lost my pen. _________ you ________ (see) it anywhere?
II.句型转换(每空一词)。1.I have been to Macau before.(改为否定句)&&&&&&&&&I ___ ____ been to Macau before.2.He hasn’t come to school because he’s ill (就划线部分提问)&&& ____ _____ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问) &____ ___ ____ ____ learned English ?4.I bough a new bike just now.(用just改写)&&&&&& &&I ____ just ____ a new bike.5.We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We ____ ____English ____three years
III. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.
1. Harry： I saw you in Annabel's Restaurant last night.　Diana： No, it wasn't me. I 　　　 never　　　 there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, aren't they? Where 　　　 they 　　　?& Sue：　To Florida, again.　Sam： How many times 　 　　 they 　　　 there?　Sue： This is their third visit.3. Joe： Can I have an apple, please?　Mary： We haven't got any. I 　　　 not　　　 to the shops today.4. Alan： Where's Tony?　Mary： He's got a headache so he 　　　　 　 to bed.5. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?　Lynn： She's out, I'm afraid. She 　　　　 to the cinema this evening.　Steve： Again? She 　　　 already 　　　 to the cinema three times this week.
IV. 用for 或since填空。
1. Jill has been in Ireland 　　　 Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland 　　　 three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 　　　 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 　　　 7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country 　　　 1974.6. The bus is late. We've been waiting 　　　 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty 　　　 many years.8. Mike has been ill 　　　 a long time. He has been in hospital 　　　 October.
Ｖ．单项选择 1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years. A. joined &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. joined to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. been in &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. joined in 2. We have been friends since ______. A. children &&&&&&&&&& B. five years &&&&&&&& C. five years ago &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. five years before 3. Mike ___________ the story for a month. A. Has bought &&&&& B. Has had &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. had had &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. has borrowed 4. You ______ that question three times. A. already asked &&&&&&&&& B. have already asked && C. already have asked && D. asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou __________. A. since last week &&&&&&& B. a week ago& C. for a week &&&&&&&&&& D. since a week ago 6. I _____ at this school for two years already. A. am studying&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. study &&&&&&& C. studied &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. have studied 7. They _________ in the city since last summer. A. live&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. didn’t live &&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. have lived &&&&&&& D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _________ 1992. A. since &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. from &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. after &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. in 9. Mr. Black _________ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to &&&&&&&&&&&& B. has been in &&&&&&&&&&&&& C. has come to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. came to 10. You’d better go on ________ English. A. study &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. studied &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. studying &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to study 11. You have never been to the Great Wall, ________ you? A. do &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. don’t &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. have &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&& D. haven’t 12. His father _______ for years. A. has died &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. has been dead &&&&&&&&& C. died &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. dies 13. Mary ________ to see the films because she __________ it twice. A. won’t go, saw &&&&&&& B. won’t go, will see& C. won’t go, has seen &&& D. didn’t go, sees 14. ________ you ________ some more food? Thank you. I _______ enough. A. will have &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. have had &&&&&&&&& C. Do, have , have &&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Do, have, had 15. ______ you ______ England? Yes, it _____ a beautiful country. A. Will , gone to, was&&& B.Have , been to, is &&&&& C. had ,been to, is D. Have ,gone to, is 16. ----_______ you _______ to the capital? ---No, I ______.I ______ there early next month. A. Have,been, haven’t, am going &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. Had, been, hadn’t, am going C. Have, gone, haven’t, was going &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. Did,go, didn’t, was going 17. ---You sister ______ to London to study English. Is that true? ---Yes , she ___ there for two months. A. has been, has been &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. will go, has gone C. gone, will be &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. has gone, has been 18. Bruce ____ how to use a computer. He____a computer of his own. He ____ it two days ago A. learns, will get, bought &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. is learning, has got, bought C. learned, has got, bought &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. is learning, got, has bought 19. --You haven’t read the book before, have you? &&&&&&&&&& --_______. A. Yes , I haven’t. &&&&&&& B. No, I have. &&&&&&&&&&&& C. Yes, I do.&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. No, I haven’t. 20. ―Where is Li Lei? &&&&&&& ―He ___ Shanghai. A. has gone to &&&&&&&&&&&& B. has been to &&&&&&&&&&&& C. went to &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. goes to 21.John will write to us as soon as he _______ there. A.. gets &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. will get &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. got &&&
22.Look, the boy _______ ! A.. smile &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. smiled &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. is smiling 23.Jane is busy now. She _______ pictures. A.. draws &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. drew &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. is drawing 24.He _______ his homework and is now listening to music. A.. finishes &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. has finished &&&&&&&&&&&& C. finish 25.We are going to take some pictures if _______ tomorrow. A.. it will rain &&&&&&&&&&&&& B. it rains &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. it doesn't rain 26.This kind of bike _______ in China.& A.. makes &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. made &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. is made 26.English _______in many countries.&& A.. is speaking &&&&&&&&&&&& B. is spoken &&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. has spoken 27.The TV set _______ in Japan.& A.. made &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. makes &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. is made 28.The floor of our classroom _______ every day.&
A.. is cleaned &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. cleaned &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. has cleaned 29.The story_______ down and became world famous.&& A.. was written &&&&&&&&&& B. has written &&&&&&&&&&&&& C. wrote 30._______ I get up at six tomorrow? No, you needn’t.&
A.. May &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. Can &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. Must 31.You _____return the book now. You can keep it until next week. A.. can't &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. mustn't &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. needn't 32.You are very ill, so you _______ stay in bed for a week. A. Can &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. need &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. must 33.I'll give the letter to her _______ she comes back. A.. as soon as &&&&&&&&&&&& B. before &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. since Tom was born ______ May 3rd, 1985.）
A.. in &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. at &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. on 34.Can you let me ________home a little earlier? A.. go &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. going &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. to go 35.The teacher told us _________ in the street.& A.. not to play &&&&&&&&&&&& B. not play &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. don't play
36. Have you ever _____ to a foreigner?
A. speak &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. spoke &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& C. spoken &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. to speak
37. She's never read the book before, _____ ?
A. has she &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& B. hasn't she &&&&&&&&&&& C. isn't she &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& D. wasn't she?
ＶＩ．翻译下面句子。 1． 我从来没有听到过他。&&& 　　　　　______________________________________________2． 你到哪儿去了？ &&&&&&&&&______________________________________________3． 你父亲买了新手表给你。是吗？ &&&&&&&______________________________________
4． 我已经对英语感兴趣了。 &______________________________________________5． 自从他来到我们学校，我们就交了朋友。______________________________________
6． 他来到这儿许多年了。 &&&&&&&______________________________________________7． 那位老太太已经死了两年了。& _______________________________________
8． 他们离开上海多久了？。&&&&& ______________________________________
9． 她曾去过青岛两次。&&&&&&&&& ________________________________________
10. 我哥哥去北京了。&&&&&&&&&&& ______________________________________________
11．我还没有做完作业呢&&&&&&&&& ______________________________________________
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你可能喜欢现在完成时时间副词短语有哪些?
just（刚刚）,already（已经）,never（从来没有）,ever（曾经）,before（以前）,yet（仍然）,once（一次）,twice（两次）,many times（很多次）,how many times（多少次）,so far（迄今为止）,during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）
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所有的瞬间动词都可以用在现在完成时态中。只是，如果表达发生在过去的动作一直延续到现在，就要把它变成可以延续的动词或“be+adj”的结构。如：He has co...
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display: 'inlay-fix'在现在完成时的句子中，当谓语动词为什么时，不能与since和for构成的短语连用_百度知道
在现在完成时的句子中，当谓语动词为什么时，不能与since和for构成的短语连用
我有更好的答案
在现在完成时的句子中，当谓语动词为什么时，不能与since和for构成的短语连用（非延续性动词）
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