准备买一本初中英语累积词汇的书，请有经验的网友学霸等推荐一下？本人初二，我们的英语书是仁爱版本的。_百度知道
准备买一本初中英语累积词汇的书，请有经验的网友学霸等推荐一下？本人初二，我们的英语书是仁爱版本的。
提问者采纳
你可以尝试去多看英文课外书
有中英译本的那种
积累词汇不能太枯燥
不然你自己都坚持不下去
有什么英语课外书适合我的？请你推荐一下
外语教学与研究出版社出版的系列
比如难忘米兰达
我这初中学生看得懂吗
有中文译本
如果实在看不懂，那么只能是你基础知识不牢固了
还有吗？您建议我买初中英语词汇书吗
那个太枯燥
实用性不大，所以不易记住
初中语法也很重要
遇到不会的要去查，不要避过
什么类型的英语课外书适合我？什么版本？
外语教学与研究出版社出版的系列
很适合初中生阅读
提问者评价
太给力了，你的回答完美地解决了我的问题，非常感谢！
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出门在外也不愁初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料1
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初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料1
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初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料1
文 章来源莲山课件 w ww.5 y kj.Co m 初中英语•新课标版•中考复习•知识总结•重点提要•专题整合•课题专练•名师讲解
声明：本复习材料适用于初三中考学生，知识点全面，内含中考试题和分析讲解，1个月即可速成，普遍提升英语成绩可达30分以上，熟练掌握者，完全可以攻破中考英语关！
特别声明：版权所有，翻版必究！！！鸣谢：本资源部分参考至互联网和其他书籍材料，特此提出感谢！
【初中英语词组总结】1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump& 2 （比较级 and 比较级）&& 表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy&& 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb&& 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样& a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world&&&& 整个 世界 7 along with同……一道，伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去& &the students planted trees along with their teachers&& 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as&&& 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助&& 向…要…（直接接想要的东西）&& eg :&& ask you for my book&& 11 ask sb for sth&&& 向某人什么&&& 12 ask sb to do sth&& 询问某人某事&&&&&&&&&& ask sb not to do&& 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of&&&&& 在……岁时&&&&&&&&& eg：I am sixteen&&&&&& I am at the age of sixteen&&& 14 at the beginning of ……&&&&&&& ……的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间&&& 最后；尽头；末尾&&&&&&&&& eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year&&& 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句&&&& 感觉/对什么有信心，自信&& &&& eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English&&& I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing&& 表：1 现在进行时 2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）&& 能够……&&&&& eg :&& She is able to sing&&&&&&&&& She can sing&&&&&& 20 be able to do sth&& 能够干什么&&& eg :she is able to sing&& 21 be afraid to do (of sth&&& 恐惧，害怕……&& eg : I'm afraed to go out at night&&&&& I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do&& 被允许做什么 &&& eg:&& I'm&&& allowed&& to&& watch&&& TV&&&&& 我被允许看电视&&&&& I&&& should&&& be&& allowed&& to&& watch&& TV&& 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb&& 生某人的气&&&& eg : Don't be angry with me&& 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth&&& 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as&& 和什么一样&&& eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to&&&& 27 be away from& 远离 28 be away from&& 从……离开 29 be bad for&& 对什么有害&& eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes&& 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born&& 出生于 31 be busy doing sth&& 忙于做什么事&&&&&& be busy with sth&&& 忙于…… 32 be careful&& 当心；小心 33 be different from……&& 和什么不一样 34 be famous for&& 以……著名 35 be friendly to sb&&& 对某人友好 36 be from = come from&& 来自 eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ?&& Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满……的&&& be filled with 充满 eg: the glass is full of water&&& the glass is filled with water&&& 38 be glad+to+do/从句& 39 be going to + v(原）&&& 将来时 40 be good at(+doing) = do well in&&&&& 在某方面善长, 善于…… 41 be good for&& 对什么有好处&& eg : Reading aloud is good for your English& 42 be happy to do&&&&&&&&&&&&& 很高兴做某事 43 be helpful to sb&& 对某人有好处& &&&& eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you&& 大声朗读对你有好处&&& &&&&&&&&&&& Exercising is helpful to your bady&& 锻炼对你的身体有好处 44 be in good health&&&&&& 身体健康 45 be in trouble&&& 处于困难中&& eg : She is in trouble&&&&&& They are in tronble&& 46 be interested in&&& 对某方面感兴趣 47 be late for = come late to 迟到&&& eg: Be late for class&&& 上课迟到 48 be like&& 像……&&&& eg : I'm like my mother 49 be mad at&&&&& 生某人的气 50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of&& 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)&& 52 be not sure 表不确定 53 be on a visit to&& 参观 54 be popular with sb&&& 受某人欢迎 55 be quiet&& 安静 56 be short for&& 表**的缩写&&& eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰 57 be sick in bed&& 生病在床 58 be sorry to do sth&&&&& be sorry for sb&&&&&& eg : I am sorry for you&&& 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb&&&&&& eg : I am sorry to trouble you&& 61 be strict in doing&& sth&& 严于做某事&&& eg : He's strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb&&& 对某人要求严格&&& eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格 63 be strict with sb in sth&&&& 某方面对某人严格 64 be supposed to do&&& 被要求干什么 65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning&&& I am sure of learning English well&& 67 be sure of sth&& 对做某事有信心&&&& eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher&&& 我相信我的大脑（老师） 68 be sure that sth&& 对做某事有信心&&& eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test&&& 我相信他能通过考试 69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试 We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语 70 be terrified of + 名/动doing& 害怕……&&&&& 71 be terrified to do sth&&&&& 害怕做某事&& 72 be the same as …&&&& 和什么一样 73 be used to doing sth&& 习惯做某事&& & eg: My father is used to getting up early& 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class&& 他习惯上课睡觉&&&&&& 74 be worth doing&& 值得做什么 75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 丛句&&&& 76 because+句子& because of +短语& &eg : He was late because he had a headache&& He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事&& start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么& &&&&& eg : Let's begin the game with the song&&&&& I begin to go home&& 78 between…and…&& 两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb&& 向……借……&&&& lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth&&& 借给……什么东西&& &&& eg : I borrowed a pen from him&&& he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen& 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from)&& 表相同 81 bother&& 打扰&&& bother sb to do sth&&&& eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station&& &&&&&&&& 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站 &&&&&&& the problem has been bothering me for weeks&& 这个问题困扰了我几个周了 &&&&&&& He's bothering me to lend him money&&& 82 by the end of&&& 到……为止 83 call sb sth&& eg : We call him old wang 84 care&& 关心&& eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来 85 catch up with sb&& 赶上某人 86 chat with sb&& 和某人闲谈&&&&& take sb to + 地点&&& 带某人去某地 87 come in&& 进88 come over to&&& 过来 89 come up with&& 提出&&& eg: Can you come up with a good idea&& 你能想出一个好办法吗？ 90 communicate with sb 和某人交流 91 consider + doing&& 考虑做什么&& eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou&& 为什么不考虑去泸州？ 92 dance to&& 随着……跳舞&& eg : She likes dancing to the music&& 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞 93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of&&& 做某方面的调查 95 do better in&&& 在……方面做得更好 96 do wrong&& 做错& 97 Don't forget to do sth&& 不要忘了做某事 98 Don't mind +doing /从句 /名词&&&& 不要介意…… 99 each +名（单）每一个…eg : Each student has many books&& 每一个学生都有一些书 100 end up +doing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 101 enjoy +doing喜欢 102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来&&&& 103 expect to do sth&& 期待做某事 104 fall down&& 摔下来 fall off&& 从哪摔下来 105 fall in love with sb /sth& 爱上什么 106 far from&& 离某地远& eg : The school is far from my home&& 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样 108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样 eg : I find the book interesting& 109 finish 完成+doing（名词） 110 fit to sb = be fit for sb&& 适合某人 111 forget to do 没有做而忘了&&&&& forget doing&& 做了而又忘了&&&& eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door&& 112 from…to…&& 从某某到某某&&&& eg: From me for her&& 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做…eg: I have my hair cut&& 我理了发(头发被剪了）&&& &&&&&&&&& Tom got his bad tooth pulled out&& 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了） 114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb&&& 与某人相处得好 116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处 117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble&&& 给某人麻119 get sb to do sth 120 get…from… 从某处得到某物121 give a talk&& 做报告&& eg:&& He is give a tall 122 give sth to sb& give sb sth&&& 给某人某物 123 go fish 钓鱼&&& go swimming 游泳 124 go on to do&& 去做下一件事& go on doing&& 继续做这件事 125 go out away from&&&&&&& go out of&&& 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）& 127 good way to&& 好方法 128 hate to do&& 讨厌没做过的事&&&&& hate doing&&&& 讨厌做过的事& 129 have a party for sb&&&& 举办谁的晚会 130 have a talk&&& 听报告&&& 谈一谈&& 131 have been doing 现在完成进行时&& eg :&& You have been talking&&&&&&&& You have been sleeping since&& 132 have been to …(&& 地方）……去过某过地方 have gone to …（地方）&& 去了某地还没回来 133 have fun +doing&& 玩得高兴 134 have sth to do&& 有什么事要做&& && eg: I have a lot of homework to do&& 我有很多家庭作业要做 I have nothing to do&& 我没什么事情做 135 have to do sth&&& 必须做某事 136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth&& 做什么事情有麻烦 137 have…time +doing&&& 138 have…(时间)…off&&& 放……假&&& eg: I have month off&& 我请一个月得假 139 hear sb +do/doing&& 听见某人做某事/正在做某事 140 help a lot&&&& 很大用处 141 help sb with sth \one's sth&& 帮助某人某事（某方面）&& help sb (to) do sth&& 帮助某人做某事 142 hope to do sth&&& 希望做某事 143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like&& = what do you think of&&&&& 你对什么的看法 145 if : 是否＝wether&&& &&&& eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party&& 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会 &&&&&&&&& He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time&& tomorrow morning&& 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达 146 if :如果，假如（全部接一般时态）＋条件语态从句&&&&&& &&&& eg:&& I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain&& 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州& &&&&&&&&&& If they change the plan they will let me know&& 假如他们要改变计划，他们会让我知道的 &&&&&&&&&& I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year&& 如果我明年由足够的钱，我就要去英国 147 in one's opinion = sb think&& 某人认为 148 in some ways&&&& 在某些方面 149 in the end = finally(adv)&&& 最后 150 in the north of…&& 什么在什么的北方&&& （north 北&&&&& sowth 南&&& west 西&&& east 东 ） 151 in the sun&& 在太阳下 152 increase&& 增加&&&&&& &&&& eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3%&&&&&& 他们把石油价增加了3%&&&&& &&&&&&&&&& the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now 153 instead of&& +（名 ） 代替&&& &&& eg:&& I'd like an apple instead of a pear&& 我想要苹果，而不要梨子 &&&&&&&&& I like English instead of math&&& 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学 154 introduce sb to sb&& 介绍某人给某人&&& introduce oneself&& 自我介绍 155 invite sb to do sth&& 邀请某人做某事 156 It takes sb sometime to do sth&&&& 做某人花掉某人多少时间&&&& &&& eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework&&&&& It takes me half an hour to cook 157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth&&&&&& 对某人来说做某事怎么样 158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样 159 It's +adj for sb&&& 对于某人来说怎么样&&&&&& It's&& +adj&& of&& sb&&& 对某人来说太怎么样 160 It's +adj(for sb) to do（对某人来说） 做某事怎么样&&&&&&&&&& It's +adj of sb to do sth&& 对某人来说做某事太怎么样&& &&&&& eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English&& 161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth&& 对……&& 来说是个好主意 162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要&&& eg: It's important to me 163 It's time to do sth&&&&& It's time for sth&&& 到了该去做某事的时间&& &&&&& eg : It's time to have class&&&&&&& It's time for class&&& 该去上课了 164 join = take part in&&& 参加 165 just now&& 刚才 166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语&&&&& 让什么保持什么样？ 167 keep out&&&& 不让 …… 进入 168 keep sb adj&& 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy&&& keep healthy&& 保持健康& 169 key to +名词&&&& 表示：某物的钥匙或某题的答案 170 key to…&&&&& anser&& to …&&&&&&&&&&&&&& key&&& 可以是答题或钥匙 171 laugh at… 取笑……&&&&&&&& eg : Don't langh at others&&&&& We langhed at the joke&&& 172 learn by oneslfe&& 自学 173 learn from sb&& 向某人学习&& eg: We should learn from Lei Feng 174 learn to do sth&&& 学做某事&&& 175 let sb do sth&& 让某人做某事 176 Let sb down&& 让某人失望&& eg ： We shouldn't let our farents down&& 我们不应该让我们的父母失望 177 live from :离某地远& 178 live in +大地方 /at +小地方&&&&&& 居住在某地&&&& eg: I live in LuZhou&&& She lives at XuanTan 179 look after = take care of&&& 照顾 照看 180 lose one's way&&&&& 谁 迷 路&&&&& eg : Lose your way&&& 你迷路 181 make a decision to do sth&&&&& 决定做某事 182 make friends with sb&&& 和谁成为朋友&&&& eg :&& I want to make friends with you& 183 make it early&& 把时间定的早一点 184 make on exhibition of oneself&& 让某人出洋相 185 make sb /n +n&& 使什么成为什么&&&& eg&& : I made her my step moller&&&&&& I made you my wife&&&& 186 make sb /sth +adj&&& 使某人（某物）怎么样&&& eg :&& You must made your bed clean&& 187 make sb /sth adj&&&& 使某人/某物怎么样 188 make sb do sth&& 让某人做某事&& eg : I made him write 我以前让他写 189 make up&&&&&& be made up of (被动语态）由……组成 190 make…difference&& to… 191 mind sb to do&&&&& mind one's doing&& 介意……做什么&& 192 most +名&&&&&&&& most of +代&&&&& 193 much too +形容词 194 must be&& 一定 195 need +名词 196 need sb do sth&&&&& 需要某人做某事 197 need to do (实义动词）&&&& need do (情态动词） 198 no /neithr of hate to do&&&&&&&&&& no /neithr of hate doing&&&& 199 no +名词 200 not anymore = no more&&&& 再也不……&&& eg: He didn't cry any more&&&&& He cried no more&&&& 他再也不哭201 not… (形 、副）at all&&&&&& eg: He's not tall at all&&&& she doesn't junp far at all&&& 202 not…at all 一点都不 203 not…either&&& 表否定，也不&& eg : I don't japanse either&&& I don't have sister, either&&&& 我也没有姐姐 204 not…until&&&&&&& 直到……才……&& &&&& eg:&& I didn't sleep until my mother came back&&&&&& The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar&& 205 offer / provide sb with sth&& 给某人提供 206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb&&& 提供什么东西给某人&& eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you&&& 我给你提供水 207 on one's way to…&& 在谁去那的路上 208 on the one hand&&& 一方面&&&&&&& on the other hand&&&& 另一方面 209 on the phone = over the phone&&& 用电话交谈 210 on time 准时&&& in time&& 及时 211 one day ＝some day ＝someday&&&& 一天，有一天 212 one of +可数名词的复数形式 213 one to another&& 一个到另一个&&& 214 over and over agin&&& 一遍又一遍的&&&& eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin&&& 215 part-time job&&& 兼职工作&&&&& fall-time job&& 全职工作 216 pay for…&& 付……钱&&&&&&&&&&& pay the bill&& 开钱&& ，付钱 217 please +do&& 218 please help yourself 219 pleased with sb&&& 220 pool into = pore into 221 practice +doing&&&&& 练习做某事 222 prefer sth to sth&& 相对……更喜欢……&&&&&&& eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中，我更喜欢物理&&&&&&& prefer doing to sth&& 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做…&& eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving&& 他更喜欢骑自行车，不开小车 prefer to do sth rather than do sth&& 宁愿做…也不愿 &&& eg:&& My unde prefers to buy a now car rather than repaiv the used one&& 我叔叔更喜欢买新的车，也不去修旧车 prefer sb not to do sth&& 更愿意…&&& eg: I prefer her not to come&& 我不喜欢她不来 223 pretend to do sth&& 装着去做什么&& pretend that&& 从句&&&&&& &&& eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard&& 这两个骗子装着努力工作 &&&&&&&&&& He pretended that he did not know the answer&& 他装着不知道答案 224 rather…than&& 宁可……也不……&&&& &&&& eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher&& 我愿肯当医生，也不当老师 &&&&&&&&&& He likes dogs rather than cats&& 他喜欢狗，不喜欢猫 225 regard…as&&&& 把……当作……&&&&&& &&&& eg: Please give my best regards to your family&&& 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候&&& &&&&&&&&&& I regard you as my friend&&& 我把你当作我的朋友& &&&&&&&&&& He shows little regard for others&&& 他不爱关心别人 226 remid sb about sth&& 提醒某人什么事&&& remid sb to do sth&& 提醒某人做某事& &&&& eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook&&& 他提醒我做饭 227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么&&& eg : the pictures remind me of my school days&& 这照片使我想起了我的学校& &&&&&&& the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother 228 return sth to sb&& 还什么东西给某人 229 say to oneself&&& 对自己说 230 say to sb 对某人说 231 sb spend somemoney on sth&& 花了多少钱在某事上 232 sb spend sometime with sb&&& 花了多少时间陪谁 233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth&&& 花了多少时间做某事 234 sb with sb +is&&&&& sb and sb +are& 235 see sb do&&& 看见某人做过某事&&&&& see sb doing&&&& 看见某人正在做某事 236 seem to do/be +adj&& 显得怎么样&&&& eg :&& You seem to be tired&&&&&&& You seem to be happy&& 237 send +sb sth&&& 送给某人某物 238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去？ 239 shock 使……震惊&& eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock&& 啊，是你呀！吓我一跳 240 show sb sth&& 向某人展示某物&&&&& eg : I show her the book. 241 show sb sth = show sth to sb&& 拿什么东西给某人看&& eg:&& Show me your pen&&&&& Show your pen to me&&& 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物&&& eg : I show the book to her. 243 some…others…&&& 一些……另一些…… 244 start…with…&& 从……开始&&&&&&&&&&& begin…with…&& 从……开始 245 stay away from&& 远离……&&&&& &&& eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo&& 当我们参观zoo 时，我们要远离动物 &&&&&&&&& If you want to lose weight you'd better stay auay from the sweet food&& 徒工你想减肥，你最好远离甜食 246 stop doing 停下正在做的事 247 stop sb from doing sth&& 阻止某人做某事 248 stop sb(from) doing&&&& 阻止某人做某事 249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事 250 such +名&&&&& 这样&& ，这种 251 suit sb&& 适合某人 252 surprise sb&&& 使某人惊奇&&&&&& to one's surprise&& 令某人惊奇 253 take classes&& 上课 254 take sb to 把某人带去&&& eg : I take you to the hospital 255 take walks = take a walk ＝ go for a walk&& 散步 256 ①talk to 对谁说&& eg : I talk to you&&&&&&&&&&&&& ② talk with&& 和谁说&& eg : I talk with him&&& ③ talk of&&& 谈到&&& eg : we talked of you&&&&&& ④ talk&& about&& 谈论关于…… 257 talk with sb&& 和某人说话 258 teach sb sth&&&& 教某人做某事 259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事 260 tell sb sth&&&&&& tell sb that 丛句&&&&&&& tell sb not to do sth&&&&&&&&& tell a story&&&&& 261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事 262 tell sb to do sth&&& 告诉某人做什么&&&&&&& tell sb not to do sth&&&& 告诉某人不要做什么 263 tell…from… 264 thank you for +doing 265 the same +名词(doing)+as…… 266 the same…(名)…as&& as…(adj adv)…as&& 相同&& 267 the way to do sth ＝ the way of doing st做某方面 的方法the way to +地方&& 去哪的路&&&&&&& && e g :Do you know the way to learn English&& Do you know the way of learning English&& 268 the way to…（地点）&& 到哪的269 too…to…&& 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句&&&&&& && eg: He is too young to go to school&& =&& He is so young that he can't go to school&& &&&&&&& He is old enough to go to school&& ＝ He is so old that he can go to school& 270 transalte ……into……&& 把什么翻译成什么&& eg : Trasalte English into chinese& 271 travel with sb和某人去旅游272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well& 273 try to do sth&& 想干什么，但没成功&&& try doing sth&& 想干什么，已经做过了& &eg ：He tried to climb&& 他想爬上去，但没成功&&& He tried climbing&& 他想爬上去，已经做过了 274 try…试衣服 have a try&&& 试一下 275 turn down 开小 ←→ turn up&& 开大 276 turn off 关上 ←→&& turn on 打开 open&& 拆开 277 upside down&& 倒着 278 visit to…&& 参观某个地方 279 wait for sb&&& 等某人
【初中英语语法总结】
【1 一般现在时的用法 】
1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：&
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。&
2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：&
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。&
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。&
3） 表示格言或警句。例如：&
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。&
注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。&
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。&
4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：&
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。&
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。&
比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。&
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。&
第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。
【2 一般过去时的用法 】
1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：&
Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？&
2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：&
When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。&
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.&
那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。&
3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。&
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。&
would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。&
4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。&
比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）&
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）&
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）&
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）&
注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。&
1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：&
Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？&
I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。&
2）情态动词 could, would。例如：&
Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？
【3 used to / be used to 】
used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：&
Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。&
Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。&
be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：&
He is used to a vegetarian diet.&
Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。&
---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.&
---- It's .&
A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't&
答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。
【4 一般将来时】&
1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：&
Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？&
Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？&
2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。&
a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？&
b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。&
c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。&
3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：&
We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。&
4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：&
He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。&
注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。
【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。】例如：&
If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.&
Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.
【6 be to和be going to】&
be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：&
I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）&
I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）
【7 一般现在时表将来 】
1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：&
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。&
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。&
2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：&
Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。&
There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。&
3）在时间或条件句中。例如：&
When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。&
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。&
4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：&
I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。&
Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。
【8 用现在进行时表示将来 】
下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：&
I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。&
Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？
【9 现在完成时 】
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。
【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】&
1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。&
2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。&
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。&
现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。&
共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。&
3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。&
4）一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等例如：&
I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）&
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）&
Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）&
Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）&
He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）&
He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）&
5）句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。&
（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.&
（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
【11. 比较since和for 】
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：& I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。& I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。& 注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。& I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）& I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）& 注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。& 1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.& 2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.& 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.&
【12. since的四种用法】
1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：&
I have been here since 起，我一直在这儿。&
2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：&
I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。&
3） since +从句。例如：&
Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。&
Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。&
4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：&
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。
【13. 延续动词与瞬间动词】&
1） 用于完成时的区别&
延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：&
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）&
I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）&
2） 用于till / until从句的差异&
延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：&
He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。&
He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。&
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.&
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet&
答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。&
2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.&
---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.&
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be&
答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
【14. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时】&
1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：&
When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。&
My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。&
2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：&
When I heard the news, I was very excited.&
3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：&
Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.
【15. 不用进行时的动词】&
1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。&
This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。&
2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。&
He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。&
3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：&
I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。&
4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：&
You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。
【16. 过去进行时】&
1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。&
2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。&
3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：&
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。&
It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。&
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。&
1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.&
A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes&
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。&
2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.&
A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell&
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
【重点部分提要】一. 词汇
⑴ 单词 1. 介词：in, on, under, behind, near, at, of
1). in表示"在……中"， "在……内"。例如： in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里
2). on 表示"在……上"。例如： on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上
3). under表示"在……下"。例如： under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下
4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如： behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后
5). near表示"在……附近"。例如： near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近
6). at表示"在……处"。例如： at school 在学校 at home 在家 at the door 在门口
7). of 表示"……的"。例如： a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画 a map of China 一张中国地图
2. 冠词 a / an / the:
冠词一般位于所限定的名词前，用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式，即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前，如 an用在以元音音素开头的字母前，如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用，泛指某类人或某物中的一个。
This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. 他的爸爸是个工人。
the既可以用在可数名词前，也可以用在不可数名词前，表示某个或某些特定的人或事物，也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat? 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀？ ------ What can you see in the classroom? ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag? ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀？ ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀？ ------ 在桌子上。
3.some和any
①在肯定句中用some.例如： There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。
②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如： Is there any ink in your pen?你的钢笔里有墨水吗？ Do you have any brothers and sisters?你有兄弟姐妹吗？ There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。
⑵记住它们的特殊用法。
①some亦可用于表示盼望得到对方肯定的答复或表示建议、委婉请求的疑问句中，这一点我们不久就会学到。例如： Would you like to have some apples?你想吃苹果吗？
②any也可用于肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如： Any one of us can do this.我们当中任何一个都能做这个。 some 和any的用法是经常出现的考点，希望大家能准确地掌握它们的用法。
4.family family看作为一个整体时，意思是"家庭"，后面的谓语动词be用单数形式 is ；如把family看作为家庭成员时，应理解为复数，后面的谓语动词be应用are。 My family is a big family. 我的家庭是个大家庭。 My family are all at home now. 我的家人现在都在家。 Family强调由家人组成的一个集体或强调这个集体中的成员。home指个人出生、被抚养长大的环境和居住地点。 house指"家"、"房屋"，侧重居住的建筑本身。 His family are all workers. 他的家人都是工人。 My home is in Beijing. 我的家在北京。 He isn't at home now. 他现在不在家。 It's a picture of my family. 这是一张我全家的照片。
5. little的用法 a little dog 一只小狗，a little boy 一个小男孩。little常用来修饰有生命的名词。 *但little还可表示否定意义，意为"少的"，加不可数名词。 There is little time. 几乎没时间了。 There is little water in the cup. 杯中水很少。
⑵ 词组 on the desk 在桌子上 behind the chair 在椅子后 under the chair 在椅子下面 in her pencil-box 在她的铅笔盒中 near the door 在门附近 a picture of a classroom 一个教室的图片 look at the picture 看这张图片 the teacher's desk 讲桌 a map of China 一张中国地图 family tree 家谱 have a seat 坐下，就坐 this way 这边走
二. 日常用语 1. Come and meet my family.
2. Go and see. I think it's Li Lei.
3. Glad to meet you.
4. What can you see in the picture? I can see a clock / some books.
5. Can you see an orange? Yes, I can. / No, I can't.
6. Where's Shenzhen? It's near Hong Kong.
7. Let me see.（口语）让我想想看。 see 在这是"明白、懂了"，不可译作"看见"。例如：
8. Please have a seat. seat表示"座位"，是个名词。have a seat表示"就坐"，也可以说take a seat, 和sit down的意思相同。
1. 名词所有格 名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系，通常用名词所有格的形式，意为"……的"。一般有以下几种形式：
（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加"'s"。例如： Kate's father Kate的爸爸 my mother's friend 我妈妈的朋友
（2）. 如果复数名词以s结尾，只加"'"。例如： Teachers' Day 教师节 The boys' game 男孩们的游戏
（3）. 如果复数名词不以s结尾，仍加"'s"。例如： Children's Day 儿童节 Women's Day 妇女节
（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如： Lucy and Lily's room Lucy 和Lily的房间 Kate and Jim's father Kate 和Jim的爸爸
动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加"'s"，而常常用介词of的短语来表示。 a map of China 一幅中国地图 the name of her cat 她的猫的名字 a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片 the door of the bedroom 卧室的门
2. 祈使句 祈使句主要用来表示说话人的请求、命令、建议、叮嘱等意图。祈使句一般不用主语，读时用降调。为使语气委婉、礼貌，常在句首或句尾加please 。在句尾时，please前多用逗号。
（1）. 祈使句肯定形式的谓语动词一律用动词原形。 Go and see. 去看看。 Come in, please. 请进。
（2）. 祈使句的否定形式常用don't于句首。 Don't look at your books. 不要看书。 Don't play on the road. 不要在马路上玩。
3. There be 的句子结构
There be是一个"存在"句型，表示"有"的意思， 肯定句的形式为：There be + 名词（单数或复数）+地点状语或时间状语。 be动词单复数的确定，看be后边第一个名词，当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时，be动词形式为is；当所接主语为复数名词时，be动词为are；当be动词后接两个以上主语时，be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为"某地有某人或某物"。如： There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。 There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。
（1）there be的否定句，即在be的后面加上not。 否定形式为：There be + not + (any) + 名词+地点状语。 There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。 There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。
（2）there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首：Be there + (any) +名词+地点状语？肯定回答：Yes, there is / are. 否定回答：No, there isn't / aren't. ---Is there a dog in the picture? 画上有一只狗吗？ ---Yes, there is. 有。 ---Are there any boats in the river? 河里有船吗？ ---No, there aren't. 没有。
（3）特殊疑问句：How many . . . are there (+地点状语)？"某地有多少人或物？"回答用There be . . . There's one. / There are two / three / some . . . 有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . . ---How many students are there in the classroom? 教室里有多少学生？ ---There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。
（4）如果名词是不可数名词，用：How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 地点状语？ How much water is there in the cup? 杯中有多少水？ How much food is there in the bowl? 碗里有多少食物？
【课题专练】专题一、英语构词法汇总及练习一.概念 　　英语的构词法主要有:合成法,转化法,派生法,混成法,截短法和词首字母缩略法. 二.相关知识点精讲 1.转化法 　　英语中，有的名词可作动词，有的形容词可作副词或动词，这种把一种词性用作另一种词性而词形不变的方法叫作转化法。 　　1)动词转化为名词 　　很多动词可以转化为名词，大多意思没有多大的变化(如下①)；有时意思有一定变化(如下②)；有的与一个动词和不定冠词构成短语，表示一个动作(如下③)。例如： 　　①Let's go out for a walk.我们到外面去散散步吧。 　　②He is a man of strong build.他是一个体格健壮的汉子。 　　③Let's have a swim.咱们游泳吧。 　　2)名词转化为动词 　　很多表示物件(如下①)、身体部位(如下②)、某类人(如下③)的名词可以用作动词来表示动作，某些抽象名词(如下④)也可作动词。例如： 　　①Did you book a seat on the plane?你订好飞机座位了吗? 　　②Please hand me the book.请把那本书递给我。 　　③She nursed her husband back to health.她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 　　④We lunched together.我们在一起吃了午餐。 　　3)形容词转化为动词 　　有少数形容词可以转化为动词。例如： 　　We will try our best to better our living conditions.我们要尽力改善我们的生活状况。 　　4)副词转化为动词 　　有少数副词可以转化为动词。例如： 　　Murder will out.(谚语)恶事终必将败露。 　　5)形容词转化为名词 　　表示颜色的形容词常可转化为名词(如下①)；某些形容词如old, young, poor, rich, wounded, injured等与the连用，表示一类人，作主语时，谓语用复数(如下②)。例如： 　　You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。 　　The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。 2.派生法 　　在词根前面加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。 　　1)前缀 　　除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性；后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 　　(1)表示否定意义的前缀常用的有dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un-等，在单词的前面加这类前缀常构成与该词意义相反的新词。例如： 　　appear出现→disappear消失 　　correct正确的→incorrect不正确的 　　lead带领→mislead领错 　　stop停下→non-stop不停 　　(2)表示其他意义的前缀常用的有a-(多构成表语形容词), anti- (反对；抵抗), auto- (自动), co- (共同), en- (使), inter- (互相), re- (再；又), sub- (下面的；次；小), tele- (强调距离)等。例如： 　　alone单独的antigas防毒气的 　　autochart自动图表 　　cooperate合作enjoy使高兴 　　internet互联网reuse再用 　　subway地铁telephone电话 　　2)后缀 　　英语单词不仅可以通过加前缀构成新词，也可加后缀构成新词。后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 　　(1)构成名词的后缀常用的有-ence，-(e)r/ -or (从事某事的人),-ese (某地人)，-ess (雌性)，-ful (一……)，-ian (精通……的人)，-ist (专业人员)，-ment (性质；状态)，-ness (性质；状态)，-tion(动作；过程)等。例如： 　　differ不同于→difference区别 　　write写→writer作家 　　Japan日本→Japanese日本人 　　act表演→actress女演员 　　mouth口→mouthful一口 　　music音乐→musician音乐家 　　(2)构成动词的后缀常用的有-(e)n (多用于形容词之后)，-fy (使……化)，-ize (使……成为)。例如： 　　wide→widen加宽 　　beauty→beautify美化 　　pure→purify提纯 　　real→realize意识到 　　organ→organize组织 　　(3)构成形容词的后缀常用的有-al， 　　-able (有能力的)，-(a)n(某国人的)，-en (多用于表示材料的名词后)，-ern (方向的)，-ese(某国人的)，-ful，-(ic)al，-ish，-ive，-less (表示否定)，-like (像……的)，-ly，-ous，-some，-y (表示天气)等。例如： 　　nature自然→natural自然的 　　reason道理→reasonable有道理的 　　America美国→American美国的 　　China中国→Chinese中国人的 　　gold金子→golden金的 　　east东→eastern东方的 　　child孩子→childish孩子气的 　　snow雪→snowy雪的 　　(4)构成副词的常用后缀有-ly (主要用于形容词之后表示方式或程度)，-ward(s) (主要用于表示方位的词之后表示方向)。例如： 　　angry生气的→angrily生气地 　　to到→towards朝……，向…… 　　east东方→eastward向东 　　(5)构成数词的后缀有-teen (十几)，-ty (几十)，-th (构成序数词)。例如： 　　six六→sixteen十六→sixteenth第十六 　　four四→forty四十→fortieth第四十 3.合成法 　　1)合成名词 　　构成方式例词 　　名词＋名词weekend周末 　　名词＋动词daybreak黎明 　　名词＋动名词handwriting书法 　　名词＋及物动词＋er／or pain-killer止痛药 　　名词＋介词＋名词editor-in-chief总编辑 　　代词＋名词she-wolf母狼 　　动词＋名词typewriter打字机 　　动名词＋名词reading-room阅览室 　　现在分词＋名词flying-fish飞鱼 　　形容词＋名词gentleman绅士 　　副词＋动词outbreak爆发 　　介词＋名词afternoon下午 　　2)合成形容词 　　名词＋形容词snow-white雪白的 　　名词＋现在分词English-speaking讲英语的 　　名词＋to＋名词face-to-face面对面的 　　名词＋过去分词man-made人造的 　　数词＋名词one-way单行的 　　数词＋名词＋形容词two-year-old两岁的 　　数词＋名词＋ed five-storeyed五层的 　　动词＋副词see-through透明的 　　形容词＋名词high-class高级的 　　形容词＋名词＋ed noble-minded高尚的 　　形容词＋形容词light-blue浅蓝色的 　　形容词＋现在分词good-looking相貌好看的 　　副词＋形容词ever-green常青的 　　副词＋现在分词hard-working勤劳的 　　副词＋过去分词well-known著名的 　　副词＋名词fast-food专门提供快餐服务的 　　介词＋名词downhill下坡的 　　3)合成动词 　　名词＋动词sleep-walk梦游 　　形容词＋动词white-wash粉刷 　　副词＋动词overthrow推翻 　　4)合成副词 　　形容词＋名词hotfoot匆忙地 　　形容词＋副词everywhere到处 　　副词＋副词however尽管如此 　　介词＋名词beforehand事先 　　介词＋副词forever永远 　　5)合成代词 　　代词宾格＋self herself她自己 　　物主代词＋self myself我自己 　　形容词＋名词anything任何东西 　　6)合成介词 　　副词＋名词inside在……里面 　　介词＋副词within在……之内 　　副词＋介词into进入 4.截短法(缩略法) 　　截短法，即将单词缩写，词义和词性保持不变，主要有截头、去尾、截头去尾等形式。 　　1)截头 　　telephone→phone 　　aeroplane→plane 　　omnibus→bus 　　2)去尾 　　mathematics→maths 　　co-operate→co-op 　　examination→exam 　　kilogram→kilo 　　laboratory→lab 　　taxicab→taxi 　　3)截头去尾 　　influenza→flu 　　refrigerator→fridge 　　prescription→script 5.混合法(混成法) 　　混合法，即将两个词混合或各取一部分紧缩而成一个新词。后半部分表示主体；前半部分表示属性。 　　news broadcast→newscast新闻广播 　　television broadcast→telecast电视播送 　　smoke and fog→smog烟雾 　　helicopter airport→heliport直升飞机场 6.首尾字母缩略法 　　首尾字母缩略法，即用单词首尾字母组成一个新词。读音主要有两种形式，即各字母分别读音；作为一个单词读音。 　　very important person→VIP (读字母音)要人；大人物 　　television→TV (读字母音)电视 　　Testing of English as a Foreign Language→TOEFL托福 　　Nato 三.巩固练习 　　1.That man was________enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job. 　　A.care　B.careful　C.careless　D.carelessness 　　2.The soldier died for saving the child，so his________ is heavier than Mount Tai. 　　A.die B.dead C.died D.death 　　3.The child looked________at his brother who was badly wounded. 　　A.sadly B.sadness C.sadly D.sad 　　4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a ________. 　　A.chemistry B.chemical 　　C.chemist D.physician 　　5.The three- ________chair isn’t suitable for a young child.He may fall off. 　　A.legging B.legged C.legs D.leged 　　6.Stephenson became the________railway engineer in the world. 　　A.lead B.leader C.leading D.leadership 　　7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked________about at his classmates. 　　A.proud B.proudly C.pride D.pridely 　　8.To everyone’s ________，the girl finished the job quite well. 　　A.satisfied B.satisfactory 　　C.satisfying D.satisfaction 　　9.―What are you doing here? 　　―Oh，my teacher asked me to write a passage about ________in English. 　　―You can write________passage in English? 　　A.600 words；a 600-words　 　　B.600-word；a 600-words 　　C.600 words；a 600-word　 　　D.600 words；a 600-words 　　10.No one should enter the spot without the________of the police. 　　A.permit B.permission 　　C.permitting D.permittence 　　11.You must come with us to the police ________.Our head is waiting for you. 　　A.headquarters B.headline 　　C.headmaster D.headache 　　12.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it ________. 　　A.intend B.intention 　　C.intentionally D.intentional 　　13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a________smile. 　　A.practice B.practise 　　C.practical D.practiced 　　14.The________ordered him to pay a $100 fine. 　　A.judger B.judgment 　　C.judge D.judgement 　　15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the________news about Iraq War? 　　A.lately B.latest 　　C.later D.latter 　　16.The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in ________. 　　A.longer B.length 　　C.long D.longing 　　17.To my ________，I passed the exam easily. 　　A.joy B.joyful 　　C.joyless D.joyness 　　18.Canada is mainly an________country. 　　A.English-speaking B.speak-English 　　C.spoken-English D.English-spoken 　　19.How________ he is! He is always acting________.He is really a ________. 　　A.foolish；foolishly；fool 　　B.fool；foolish；fool 　　C.foolish；fool；fool 　　D.foolishly；foolish；fool 　　20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.It’s of great ________. 　　A.valuable B.value 　　C.valueless D.unvaluable 　　21.There were________fish in the river in South America. 　　A.in danger B.danger 　　C.dangerous D.dangerless 　　22.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is________. 　　A.sound B.silent 　　C.silence D.sounded 　　23.The child looked at me________. 　　A.stranger B.strangely 　　C.strange D.strangeless 　　24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their________bravely. 　　A.free B.freely 　　C.freedom D.frees 　　25.What you said sounded________ but in fact it was untrue. 　　A.reasonable B.reasonful 　　C.reasonless D.unreason 　　26.We have to learn________technology from other countries. 　　A.advance B.advancing 　　C.advantage D.advanced 　　27.The children live in a village ________.They come here almost every day. 　　A.nearby B.near 　　C.nearly D.near by 　　28.Mr Black is an ________in the army，not an________in the government.You can not easily find him in his________. 　　A.official；officer；office 　　B.officer；office；official 　　C.official；official；official 　　D.officer；official；office 　　29.You’d better give up smoking if you want to keep ________. 　　A.health B.healthy 　　C.healthily D.healthier 30.________ speaking，I didn’t do it on purpose. 　A.Honestly　B.Honest C.Honesty D.Dishonest [参考答案]1-5 BDACB 6-10 CBDCB 11-15 ACDCB 16-20 BAAAB
专题二、英语语法汇总及练习动词的时态:初中英语的动词时态主要有五种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在进行时,现在完成时.1. 一般现时的用法：主要由动词原形表示，但在第三人称单数时要在词尾加-s 。否定句和疑问句要用助动词do, does.A. 经常性或习惯性的动作。如The trees get green in spring . 。B现在特征或状态。如The Changjiang River is the longest in our country.He doesn` t work in the factory .C.普遍真理。如The sun rises in the east . Five and two in seven .2现在进行时： 现在进行时是由助动词be 的人称形式加现在分词构成。&& 主要表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。如：& Where are they swimming?& They are swimming in the river.& 有些动词的现在进行时表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。这些动词是：go ,come, leave ,start ,arrive , return ,work sleep,stay,play,do,have ,wear…..&She is coming to see me tomorrow.3． 一般将来时： 主要表示将要发生的动作或情况。&由助动词shall 或will加动词原形构成。/& be going to 加动词原形构成It won’t rain tonight .&& I shall meet you at the station.He is going to have a swim tomorrow.4.一般过去时：由动词的过去式表示。表示在过去某个时刻发生的动作或情况。包括过去习惯性动作。如；Did you knock at the door just now? /& He finished reading the book yesterday.5.现在完成时：由have的人称形式加过去分词构成A 到现在为止已经完成的动作。如：I have lent my book to Ann. 我把书借给了安。He has never seen a real tiger. 他从来没有见过真老虎。B、从过去开始延续到现在的动作或状态。如：She has lived here since 1991. 从一九九一年起她就住在这里。时 态 常用的时间副词一般现在时 every( year,otherday ,twodays,week,month…) ,often ,always,usually ,sometimes, in the morning,in summer,on Sunday一般过去时 last week, just now,yesterday, yeaterday morning ,the day before yesterday,then,at that moment,(a few days) ago, 一般将来时 tomorrow, next month, in two days,& 现在进行时 now 现在完成时 since ,for（one year….）, just, already, yet ,in the last five years, …before.so far
被动语态： 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。 Be有人称，数量和时态变化。一般现在时：be (is am are) +及物动词的过去分词一般过去时：be (was were)+ 及物动词的过去分词情态动词的过去分词：情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词用动词的适当时态填空：1. Light_________(travel)faster than sound. He _______(get) up early in the morning 2. John usually ________(go) home on Sunday morning.3. Cats ________(like ) fish while dogs _______ (like ).4. He always__________(sleep) with his windows open.5. One tree ___________(not make) a wood.& Two and three_______(be ) five .6. I ______(say ) you are wrong. Everything _______(go )well in spring .7. He_________(not wok) on Sundays. He _______(take) a walk after supper.8. Lucy ________(prefer) coffee to milk. Lily ________(hate) traveling.9. Children _______(love ) to play games. The boy _____(look ) like his mother.10. The sun _______(rise ) in the east and ______(go) down in the west.11. Where ______you ______(go ) just now? I _______(go)& to the library.12. He______(live) in China last year, but he ________(live) in Japan now. He _________(live )there&for three months. He ________(live) there by the end of this year.13. He _______(pay) ten yuan for his new book yesterday. It ______(cost) him so little.14. What _____you _____(wear )yesterday? I _______(wear ) a blue skirt.15. He ______(feel ) very tired last night ,he ____(fall) asleep very quickly .16. He______(say )he ______( will)write to me as soon as he came home.17. He ______(take )his temperature half an hour ago.18. We ________(win ) the league match last week, we ______(be ) the winners.19. She ______(keep)me waiting for an hour last night . She ______(be )late.20. He ______(find )it difficult to get to sleep. because he _______(be)too glad.21. He ________(read ) a book when I ______(see) her& .22. Great changes _______(happen ) in the village last year.23. He ____(drive ) to Shanghai last week, he ________(choose )many presents for his family.24. Just now ,he ______(mistake ) me for Lucy.25. What ______you _____(do )now ? I ________(look) for my pen .26. Look ,they ______(read)over there， others _______(dance)under the tall tree.27. Listen ,someone___________(sing)English songs next room.28. It’s five o’clock. . I________(do )my homework, My brother& __________(play)games , my mother _________(cook) supper, my father ________(mend ) his car in the garden.29. Tom __________(fly ) kites with his classmates on the hill now.30. Who ____________(wash ) clothes over there ? It’s my mother.文 章来源莲山课件 w ww.5 y kj.Co m
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