新视野大学英语读写教程第三册unit2-b Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits
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Section (B)
Does Exercise Have Unexpected Benefits?
Just as exercise strengthens the heart and lungs, bones and muscles, it may also power up the brain. A succession of scientific studies of animals implies that physical activity has a positive effect on mental functioning. &It's clear that the brain benefits from exercise,& says brain scientist William Greenough of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His studies with rats have demonstrated two primary effects of activity: vigorous physical exercise provides the brain with more fuel, and skill-based exercise
increases the formation of connections in the brain, which, according to the proposals of some scientists, may make the brain better able to process information. In one experiment, laboratory rats were separated into three groups. One group was exercised by running inside an automatic wheel, a second group improved their skills in a complicated obstacle course, and a third group was inactive.
&The animals that learned to go through the obstacle course exhibited a greater number of brain connections than the animals in the exercised or inactive groups,& Greenough said. &In contrast, the animals that exercised inside the automatic wheel possessed a greater density of blood vessels in the brain than did either of the other two groups of animals.& Learning a new dance step may boost the brain in the same way that learning a language can, he says. And if the dance is a good physical exercise as well, the benefits multiply. Young brains may be especially able to boost brain power through exercise, suggested another of Greenough's experiments that showed the most significant changes in the brain occurred among rats that had been exercised when very young. And while animals aren't people, he says it is logical to make the inference that an effect found in rats may also apply to humans.
Human studies have focused primarily on older adults and suggest that regular exercise can improve the speed with which the brain processes information. Measurements made by Arthur Kramer at the University of Illinois demonstrated that inactive adults, aged 63 to 82, could hit buttons faster in response to a tone after they went through a 10-week water exercise course. A corresponding control group that didn't exercise showed no improvement. This boost in reaction time after exercise training may occur because declines associated with getting old could actually stem from declines in physical condition. Some scientists speculate the reduction in mental function often attributed to getting old may really be a penalty of neglecting to stay physically active, in addition to related factors such as medicines and poor diet. &In older people, an exercise program appears important for brain maintenance,& says Daniel M.
Landers, professor of exercise science at Arizona State University, who recently published an article reviewing the scientific literature on activity's effect on the brain.
Numerous studies show that children who engage in regular physical activity do better in school than their inactive classmates. But until recently, the academic edge gained by participating in sports was thought to come from the increased self-confidence, the better mood, and the ability to concentrate that comes from burning off steam in exercise. Now, however, some scientists have revised their way of thinking, and point to possible physical connections.
Pierce J. Howard, another expert, says new research indicates that physical exercise increases the amount of certain brain chemicals that stimulate growth of nerve cells. Consequently, the brains of people who exercise may be better equipped to tackle mental challenges. Inactivity may also have negative effects on mind and body alike. &Scientists recognize that mind is body, and body is mind,& comments Howard. The most beneficial forms of exercise, he says, engage both.
Words: 602
　succession n. 1.一连串的事物，一系列 2.连续，接续 3.继任(权)，继承(权)
　imply vt. 暗示，暗指
　rat n. 鼠，大老鼠
　primary a. 1.首要的，基本的，主要的 2.最初的，最早的
　vigorous a. 强壮的，有力的，精力充沛的
　formation n. 1.组成，形成 2.形成物，结构 3.排列，队形
　proposal n. 1.建议，计划，方案 2.求婚
　laboratory n. 实验室
　complicated a. 复杂的，难以理解或解释的
　obstacle n. 障碍（物）
　exhibit vt. 1.显示，显出 2.陈列，展览 n. 展览品，陈列品
　possess vt. 拥有，具有
　density n. 密集；密度
　multiply v. 1.（使）增加，（使）繁殖 2.乘
　boost vt. 改善，提高，增强，推动 n. 增加；帮助；鼓舞
　logical a. 合乎逻辑的，条理分明的
　inference n. 1.推断的结果，结论 2.推论，推断，推知
　primarily ad. 首先，主要地，基本地
　measurement n. 1.测量，衡量 2.（量得的）尺寸，大小
　corresponding a. 相应的，对应的
　stem vi. 源于，由... ...造成 n. （植物、灌木或树木的）茎，干
　speculate v. 推测，推断
　reduction n. 1.减少，减低，减缩 2.减少，减低，缩小
　penalty n. 处罚，惩罚；罚金
　neglect vt. 1.忽视，忽略 2.遗忘 n. 疏忽，忽略
　maintenance n. 1.维护，保养 2.保持，维持
　academic a. 1.学术的，学院的 2.纯理论的，不切实际的
　concentrate v. 1.集中，集中精神 2.集中，聚集
　revise vt. 1.修正，修改 2.复习，温习
　cell n. 细胞
　consequently ad. 因此，所以
　equip vt. 1.使有准备 2.配备，装备
　tackle vt. 1.处理，应付 2.与... ...交涉
　alike ad. 一样地，相似地 a. 相同的，相像的
　comment v. 评论，发表意见 n. 评论，意见
　beneficial a. 有助的，有利的，有益的
Phrases and Expressions
　separate& into 将... ...分为
　obstacle course 越障训练；（喻）困难重重的事
　go through 完成，通过
　in contrast 相比之下
　apply to 适用于
　focus on 集中于
　engage (oneself) in 从事，忙于
　point to 表明；表示
Proper Names
　William Greenough 威廉&格里诺
　University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校
　Arthur Kramer 阿瑟&克雷默
　Daniel M. Landers 丹尼尔&M. 兰德斯
　Arizona State University 亚利桑那州立大学
　Pierce J. Howard 皮尔斯&J. 霍华德
&&& 运动有奇效吗？
&&& 正如运动能强心、健肺、固骨、壮肌，运动也能健脑。 对动物的一系列科学研究表明，体育活动对智力的发挥有积极作用。
&&& 伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-尚佩恩分校的脑科学家威廉&格里诺说，&很明显，运动使大脑受益。& 他对老鼠的研究已经表明运动具有两大功效：强力体育运动给大脑提供更多的燃料，而技巧性的运动则增强大脑神经的联结。依照某些科学家的见解，这种联结能使大脑更好地处理信息。
&&& 在一个实验中，实验鼠被分成三组： 第一组在自动轮中跑动，第二组通过一种复杂的越障训练来提高技能，第三组则不做任何运动。
&&& &与跑动的和不运动的老鼠相比，经过越障训练的老鼠脑神经联结数更多。& 格里诺说， &相比之下，在自动轮中跑动的老鼠，较之其他两组的老鼠，其大脑的血管密度更大。&
&&& 他说，学习一种新的舞步和学习一种语言一样，都能促进大脑发展。 如果这种舞蹈还是一种良好的体育运动，则益处加倍。 据格里诺的另一组实验显示，年轻的大脑尤其能够通过运动来增强能力。这组实验表明，从小就锻炼的老鼠，其大脑的变化最为显著。 他说尽管动物不是人，但依此推断在老鼠身上发现的功效同样适用于人也合乎逻辑。
&&& 对人类的研究主要集中在老年人身上，其结果表明，经常锻炼能提高大脑处理信息的速度。 伊利诺伊大学阿瑟&克雷默测量的结果证明，63至82岁的不运动的成年人，在完成为期十周的水上运动课程之后，听音击键的反应加快了。 而另一组相应的、未经锻炼的受控人群则不见任何提高。
&&& 接受运动训练之后，人的反应速度会加快，这可能是因为与衰老有关的机能衰退实际上根源于体质下降。 一些科学家推测，除了药物作用和饮食不当等相关因素外，常常归咎于衰老的大脑功能下降实际可能是对不注意保持体育运动的一种惩罚。
&&& 亚利桑那州立大学的运动学教授丹尼尔&M. 兰德斯说，&对老年人来说，锻炼计划对维持大脑功能似乎非常重要。& 他最近发表了一篇文章，评述有关运动对大脑的影响的科学文献。
&&& 许多研究表明，经常进行体育锻炼的孩子，在学业上比他们那些不活动的同学优秀。 但直到最近，人们还认为因参加体育运动而获得的学业优势来自于增强的自信、更好的心态，以及由运动时消耗体力所带来的集中注意力的能力。 而现在，一些科学家修正了他们的看法，表示这可能与身体状况有关。
&&& 另一名专家皮尔斯&J. 霍华德说，新的研究表明，体育锻炼提高了大脑中某些激发神经细胞生长的脑化学物质的含量。 因此，那些进行锻炼的人的大脑可能更有能力应付各种智力挑战。
&&& 不活动对大脑和身体都可能有负面影响。 &科学家们都认识到，心即是身，身即是心，&霍华德评价道。 他说，最有益的运动是身心兼顾。
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新视野大学英语3课文原文：unit2 Iron and the Effects of Exercis
Section (A)
Iron and the Effects of Exercise
Sports medicine experts have observed for years that endurance athletes, particularly females,frequently have iron deficiencies. Now a new study by a team of Purdue University researcherssuggests that even moderate exercise may lead to reduced iron in the blood of women.
&We found that women who were normally inactive and then started a program of moderate exerciseshowed evidence of iron loss,& says Roseanne M. Lyle, associate professor at Purdue. Her study of 62formerly inactive women who began exercising three times a week for six months was published in thejournal Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise.
&Women who consumed additional meat or took iron supplements were able to bounce back,& shenotes. &But the new exercisers who followed their normal diet showed a decrease in iron levels.&Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers andone in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively. But the ratio is even greater among active women,affecting up to 80 percent of female endurance athletes. This means, Lyle says, that &too many womenignore the amount of iron they take in&;. Women of child-bearing age are at greatest risk, since theirmonthly bleeding is a major source of iron loss. Plus, many health-conscious women increase their riskby rejecting red meat, which contains the most easily absorbed form of iron. And because women oftenrestrict their diet in an effort to control weight, they may not consume enough iron-rich food, and areliable to experience a deficiency.
&The average woman takes in only two thirds of the recommended daily allowance for iron,& notesanother expert. &For a woman who already has a poor iron status, any additional iron loss from exercisemay be enough to tip her over the edge into a more serious deficiency,& notes the expert.
Exercise can result in iron loss through a variety of mechanisms. Some iron is lost in sweat, and, forunknown reasons, intense endurance exercise is sometimes associated with bleeding of the digestivesystem. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenonwhere small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.
There are three stages of iron deficiency. The first and most common is having low iron reserves, acondition that typically has no symptoms. Fatigue and poor performance may begin to appear in thesecond stage of deficiency, when not enough iron is present to form the molecules of blood protein thattransport oxygen to the working muscles. In the third and final stage, people often feel weak, tired, andout of breath & and exercise performance is severely compromised.
&People think that if they're not at the third stage, nothing is wrong, but that's not true,& says John L.
Beard, who helped design the Purdue study. &You're not stage 3 until your iron reserves go to zero, andif you wait until that point, you're in trouble.&However, most people with low iron reserves don't know they have a deficiency, because traditionalmethods of calculating the amount of iron in blood (by checking levels of the blood protein thattransports oxygen) are not sufficient, Beard states. Instead, it's important to check levels of a differentcompound, which indicates the amount of storage of iron in the blood. While active, child-bearing agewomen are most likely to have low iron stores, he notes, &Men are not safe, especially if they don't eatmeat and have a high level of physical activity.& (An estimated 15 percent of male long distance runnershave low iron stores.) Beard and other experts say it's advisable for people in these groups to have ayearly blood test to check blood iron reserves.
If iron levels are low, talk with a physician to see if the deficiency should be corrected by modifyingyour diet or by taking supplements. In general, it's better to undo the problem by adding more iron-rich foods to the diet, because iron supplements can have serious shortcomings. Supplements mayproduce a feeling of wanting to throw up, and may be poisonous in some cases. The best sources of iron,and the only sources of the form of iron most readily absorbed by the body, are meat, chicken, and fish.
Good sources of other forms of iron include dates, beans, and some leafy green vegetables.
&Select breads and cereals with the words 'iron-added' on the label,& writes sports diet expert NancyClark. &This added iron supplements the small amount that naturally occurs in grains. Eat these foodswith plentiful Vitamin C (for example, drink orange juice with cereal or put a tomato on a sandwich) toenhance the amount of iron absorbed.& Clark also recommends cooking in iron pans, as food can deriveiron from the pan during the cooking process. &The iron content of tomato sauce cooked in an iron potfor three hours showed a striking increase, the level going up nearly 30 times,& she writes. And peoplewho are likely to have low iron should avoid drinking coffee or tea with meals, she says, sincesubstances in these drinks can interfere with iron being absorbed into the body.
&Active women need to be a lot more careful about their food choices,& sums up Purdue's Lyle. &Ifyou pay attention to warning signs before iron reserves are gone, you can remedy the deficiency beforeit really becomes a problem.&
▲endurance n. 忍耐，忍耐力
moderate a. 1.中等的，适中的，适度的 2.中庸的，温和的
evidence n. 根据，证据，证明
journal n. 1.日报，杂志，期刊 2.日记
consume vt. 1.吃，喝 2.消耗，花费（尤指大量地）
supplement n. 1.增补(物)，补充(物) 2.（杂志或报纸的）副刊，增刊
vt. 增补，补充
bounce v. （使）弹回，（使）反弹
n. 弹，弹力
respectively ad. 分别地，各自地
ratio n. 比率
plus conj. 并且，而且
prep. 加，加上
n. 1.加号，正号 2.有利因素
restrict vt. 限制，约束
liable a. 1.易于... ...的，有... ... 倾向的 2.有法律责任的，有义务的
allowance n. 1.限额，定量 2.津贴，补助，零用钱
digest vt. 1.消化 2.领会
digestive a. 消化的
phenomenon n. 现象
vessel n. 1.血管，脉管 2.容器，器皿 3.船，舰
typical a. 典型的，有代表性的
◆typically ad. 典型地，有代表性地
fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累
molecule n. 分子
protein n. 蛋白质
calculate vt. 1.计算，估算 2.认为，相信，推测
sufficient a. 足够的，充分的
compound n. 复合物，混合物
indicate vt. 1.标示，表明 2.指示方向
storage n. 储存，储藏
advisable a. 可取的，适当的，明智的
yearly a. 每年的，一年一度的
physician n. 内科医生
modify vt. 修改，更改，改善
undo vt. 1.取消，消除 2.解开，松开
shortcoming n. 缺点
select vt. 选择，挑选
▲cereal n. 谷类作物，谷类食物（如麦片等）
plentiful a. 大量的，丰富的
derive v. 1.得到，获取 2.起源于
striking a. 1.显著的，突出的，惊人的 2.（由于美貌而）引人注目的，吸引人的
interfere vi. 1.妨碍，干扰 2.干涉，干预
remedy vt. 补救，纠正
n. 治疗方法，解决方法
Phrases and Expressions
lead to 导致
bounce back 恢复正常，恢复过来
in general 大体上；通常
up to 至多，多达，直到
take in 吸入，吞入
at risk 处在危险之中
tip over the edge 引起明显变化；(使)进入另一状态
out of breath 呼吸急促，气喘吁吁
add sth. to 加，增加，添加
throw up 恶心，呕吐
go up （价格、水平等）升高，上升
sum up 概括，总结
Proper Names
Purdue University 珀杜大学
Roseanne M. Lyle 罗斯安妮&M.莱尔
Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 《体育运动医学与科学》(期刊名)
John L. Beard 约翰&L.比尔德
Nancy Clark 南希&克拉克
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Unit13 fill in the blanks 1 discussing 2 due to begin 3 confidence 4 commencement and jobs\ 5 talked of 6 felt ready and able to 7 bring any books 8 only that] 9 filed into 10 their smi
les broadened Read and complete 41. To conquer the language barrier ,they are working hard at English. →译文： 为了攻克语言的难关，他们努力学习英语。 2. The teacher is deeply impressed by the students’ ability to surf the Internet. →译文： 老师对学生上网冲浪的能力感触颇深。 3. Nowadays many of the seniors are beginning to consider choosing a career. →译文： 目前许多高年级学生开始考虑选择一个职业。 4. The Spring Festival was approaching. A lot of people were traveling back home to have a family reunion. →译文： 春节快到了，许多人都回家团圆。 5. He looked out of the window, surveying the landscape of the countryside. →译文： 他向窗外望去，审视着乡下的风景。 6. We are confident that we can overcome the difficulties. →译文： 我们有信心能够克服困难。 7. Tom is the most brilliant graduate of this year at Harvard University. →译文： 汤姆是今年最出色的哈佛毕业生。 8. He shifted impatiently in his seat during the long speech by the Dean. →译文： 院长长时间的讲话使得他不耐烦地在座位上晃来晃去。 9. College has helped Bill to broaden his interests. →译文： 学院帮助比尔扩展他的爱好。 10. Words that obscure the truth must be discarded. →译文： 蒙蔽真理的言辞一定要弃之不用。 5、 1. The plane due to take off at 8:30 a.m. has been delayed because of thick fog. →译文： 八点三十分的班机因大雾而推迟起飞。 2. University students have various kinds of part-time jobs such as passing out flyers , working as private tutors or delivering newspapers. →译文： 大学生从事各种各样的兼职，如：派发广告传单、家教、送报纸。 3. The speech is scheduled at 3 this afternoon. The students are filing into the assembly hall now. →译文： 讲演定在三点钟开始，学生们现在依次进入会场。 4. They impressed upon their children the virtue of always telling the truth. →译文： 他们要孩子们牢记永远说实话是一种美德。 5. He is no longer a child. He should be allowed to make his own decisions.→译文：他不再是个孩子，应该允许他自己作决定。6 choose the right word 1 assurance 2 confident 3 shifting 4 expecting 5 engineer 7Read and translate 1.自从有了移动电话后，他再也没有给朋友写信了。 →译文： He has no longer written to his friends ever since he got a mobile phone. 2.尽管很忙，他每天至少花两小时上网，了解这个领域的最新动态。 →译文： Even though he is very busy, he spends at least two hours every day surfing the Internet, aiming to know about the latest development in this area / field. 3.李教授在毕业典礼上做了一个简短的讲话，他的话深深铭刻在我的记忆中。 →译文： Professor Li made a short speech at the commencement, his words of which were deeply impressed upon my memory. 4.讲到期末考试，学生们一点儿都不紧张，他们满脸都是自信。 →译文： Talking of the final exams the students were not nervous at all. On their faces was confidence. 5.在 30 分钟写出一篇约 100 个词的短文，对于他们班大多数学生来说不过是小菜一碟。 →译文： To write a short passage of about 100 words within 30 minutes would be a snap to most students in their class.Unit 2 Complete the following statement 3 1 horizons of thinking 2 the classroom-based one 3 connect to the world 4 an information provider 5 time and space limitationRead and complete 4 1. Since China has entered the WTO, the restrictions on foreign businesses will gradually be reduced. →译文: 中国加入世贸组织后，对外贸易所遭受的限制会逐渐减少。 2. The Internet enables us to explore the world without leaving home. →译文: 互联网使我们能够足不出户就能探询世界。 3. The problem with some of these drugs is that they are so accessible. →译文: 这类药品所面临的问题是人们太容易得到某些药品。 4. The government has produced a series of materials to restriction public awareness of the dangers of AIDS. →译文: 政府发行了一系列的材料去唤起公众对危险的爱滋病的认识。 5. Within 2 weeks of arrival all foreigners should register with the local police. →译文: 驻留两个星期以内的外国人需要向当地公安局注册。 6. When he was offered the opportunity to have an online degree program, he seized it immediately and enthusiastically.→译文: 当得到机会攻读在线学位时，他高兴地立即就抓住了这个机会。 7. No restriction was put on the access to the BBS. Our purpose is to promote interaction between the students and the teachers. →译文: 获得电子布告栏上的信息没有任何限制。我们的目标是促进师生互动。 8. Exchanging houses for a few weeks is a good way of having a holiday. →译文: 互换房屋居住是一种很好的度假方式。 9. The team members working on the project meet every Tuesday afternoon to exchange their views. →译文: 制作项目的队员每周二下午碰头交换意见。 10. All the materials collected for the research project on pollution are available to all the seniors at this college. →译文: 这所大学的高年级学生都可以得到关于污染研究项目的所有材料。 5 1. Can I connected my laptop to the Intranet? →译文: 我能将手提电脑连线到互联网上吗？ 2. He has planned for his eldest son to take over his business when he is 65. →译文: 他已经计划在 65 岁时将生意交给大儿子打理。 3. Knowledge is playing an increasingly important role in the development of economy. →译文: 知识一直在经济发展方面起到重要作用。 4. In addition to taking care of her 3-year-old son she has taken 3 online courses in marketing, business communication and economics. →译文: 为了照顾 3 岁的儿子， 她已经选修了市场策划、 商务交往和经济学的在线课程。 5. The practice of online learning will spread out as more and more people have access to the Internet. →译文: 在线学习会被推广开来是因为越来越多的人能够上网。 6 1 action/acting/activity/interaction/interactive 2 inform/well-informed/informative/informational 3 extension/extensive/extend/extent 4 prediction/predictable/predictive/ predictor 5 personal/personally/impersonal/interpersonal/personalize/personalization Read and translate 7 1. 他的生活经历在他的学术生涯中一直扮演着一个重要角色。 His life experiences have always been playing an important role in his academic career. 2. 那家餐厅最近已经延长了营业时间。 The restaurant has extended its opening hours recently. 3. 我刚刚读完一本从一种新的视角研究莎士比亚的有趣书籍。 I have just read an interesting book which has a new approach to Shakespeare. 4. 随着电子邮件的广泛应用，垃圾邮件问题已引起人们的极大关注。 With the wide use of e-mail, the issue of junk mail / spam issue / problem has drawn much concern. 5. 传统教育比起网络教育来说对于学生和教师之间的交流和互动有着更多的限制。There are more limitations on communication and interaction between teachers and students in traditional/ conventional education than (there are) in online education.Unit 3 3 CAB B DRead and complete 4 1. The sort of music he listens to varies, but it tends to be popular music. →译文: 他听不同的音乐，但都趋向于流行音乐。 2. Language is the medium of culture and when we learn a foreign language, we are exposed to a culture quite different from ours. →译文: 语言是文化的载体， 因此当我们学习外语时， 会接触到与我们的文化有着相当 差异的文化。 3. Scientific discoveries are often applied to industrial processes. →译文: 科学发现常常被应用于工业生产工程。 4. I hope you are not getting bored listening to me. →译文: 我希望在听我讲话时你不会感到乏味。 5. Can you secure me two good seats for the concert? →译文: 你能保证为我留两个音乐会的好座位吗？ 6. This is a highly amusing film. You’ll regret if you miss it. →译文: 这是一部非常搞笑的电影，错过了你会后悔的。 7. He gave me negative answer to my request. I felt quite confused and disappointed. →译文: 对我的要求，他给出了否定的回答。我感到困惑和失望。 8. She was annoyed by the young man’s impolite behavior. →译文: 她被这个年轻人不礼貌的行为惹恼了。 9. Ever since that unhappy incident, I have tried to avoid any further conflict with him. →译文: 自从那次不愉快的事件之后，我尽量避免与他发生更多的冲突。 10. The driver ignored the traffic light, and as a result, he ran into another car. →译文: 司机无视交通灯，结果与另一部车相撞。 5 1. They normally hang out in the pub to kill time. →译文: 他们通常在酒吧闲坐，以消磨时光。 2. I’ve been trying to check out the restaurants in my new neighborhood to find the best one. →译文: 我一直在我所居住的新街区里试各家餐馆，试图找出一家最好的。 3. Bob took a part-time job giving out handbills for a cosmetic company. →译文: 鲍勃找了份兼职工作，为一家化妆品公司派发传单。 4. Back from the holiday, she eagerly threw herself into the production of a new film. →译文: 假期结束后，她渴望投身于新电影的制作。 5. I immersed myself in work so as to stop thinking about her. →译文: 我全身心地投入工作，不去想她。 6 1 ambitious 2 United 3 dramatist 4 volunteer 5 flourishingRead and translate 7 1. 着钢琴有些不对劲，但是我无法说清楚。 Something is wrong with the piano, but I cannot put my finger on it. 2. 这条裤子不但太大，而且与我的夹克也不配。 Apart from being too large, the trousers don t match my jacket, either. 3. 不论理由是什么，反正我喜欢流行音乐。 Whatever the reason is, I like the pop music. 4. 他对外国文化有浓厚的兴趣，经常博览群书以寻找有用的信息。 He has strong interest in the foreign cultures and often browses through books for useful information. 5. 在是否要创办一个新社团的问题上，我们意见很不一致。 Our opinions vary a great deal on whether we should start a new society.Unit 4 3 1 the “real world” 2 interviewing for 3 was willing to do anything 4 with the interest 5 opportunities 6 gr traveled throughout 7 paycheck 8 found a job in L very well- employers 9 located 10 hesitate for a secondRead and complete 4 1. The Channel Tunnel is one of the biggest engineering projects ever undertaken. →译文: 英吉利海峡隧道是（我们所）承担的最大的工程项目之一。 2. He took it as an insult which wasn’t at all what I had intended. →译文: 他将它当成侮辱，可这并非我的本意。 3. As a freshman, you should get to know campus resources as soon as possible and make good use of them. →译文: 作为一名新生，你应该尽快熟悉校园资源，并利用好它们。 4. He had made many inquiries into the quality of the computer before buying one. →译文: 买计算机以前，他询问了许多关于计算机质量方面的问题。 5. Te police investigated many cases by following the footprints left at the scene of the crime. →译文: 警察通过跟踪犯罪现场的脚印侦破了多宗案件。 6. I’m thinking of buying a car. Can you recommend a good make to me? →译文: 我正在考虑买汽车，你能推荐一个好的品牌给我吗？ 7. Not only does Mary attend class regularly, but she also participates in extracurricular activities frequently. →译文: 玛丽不但按时去上课，她还经常参加课外活动。 8. With the rapid development of the economy, all aspects of our life have changed a great deal.→译文: 随着经济的快速发展，我们生活的方方面面都发生了极大的变化。 9. Tom is such a nice guy. He will not hesitate a moment to offer help when you are in trouble. →译文: 汤姆是个好人，你有困难时他会毫不犹豫地帮助你。 10. This system is extremely economical because it runs on half-price electricity. →译文: 这套系统非常经济，因为它能节省一半电费。 5 1. My CD player is beeping, for the battery is running low. →译文: 我的 CD 唱机在嘟嘟地响，电池的电量不足了。 2. It turned out that the kids had spent the whole day playing video games. →译文: 实际上，孩子们花了一整天时间玩电脑游戏。 3. She was the only woman to participate in the experiment and was among the few volunteers who died from it. →译文:她是参加试验的惟一的女性，也是死于该实验的少数志愿者之一。 4. People teach the computer to think and as a result, develop and sharpen their own reasoning abilities. →译文: 人类教计算机思维，结果计算机发展了推理能力并使之敏锐。 5. This kind of digital TV is considered the best that has been made so far in our country. →译文: 这种数字电视被认为是我国迄今为止最好的产品。 6 1 employment 2 opportunities 3 advantages 4 expenses 5 accommodations Read and translate 7 1. 我已经把我的简历和附函传真给了那家公司，但尚未收到回复。 I have faxed my cover letter along with my resume to that company, but no reply yet. 2. 当别人遇到困难时，约翰会毫不犹豫的提供帮助。 John will not hesitate for a second to help anyone who is in trouble. 3. 我得承认我很想到国外工作和学习一段时间，但我知道要拿到签证不容易。 I have to admit that I desire to work or study abroad for some time, but I know the visa is not easy to get. 4. 他到伦敦 2 年后才在一家国际银行找到一份工作。 It was not until 2 days after he arrived in London that he got a job in an international bank. 5. 汤姆完成他的教学工作后，在中国周游了 2 个月才回到美国的家。After finishing his teaching, Tom traveled throughout China for 2 months before returning home to the USA.Unit 5 2 DBCBD 3 1 “Information please” knew everything 2 because he was hurt by a hammer and there was nobody around, so he tried to get comfort from the telephone 3 she was kind, patient, and understanding 4 because the operator gave him her kindness, understanding, concern and patience 5 she took a personal interest in him and thought she could help himRead and complete 4 1. When they arrived there, he lay on the floor, his nose bleeding. →译文： 当他们到达这里的时候，他正躺在地板上，鼻子流着血。 2. I think she’s right but somehow I’m not completely sure. →译文： 我想她是对的，可不知怎的，我又有点不确定。 3. I’d appreciate it if you would turn the radio down. →译文： 如果你把收音机关轻点，我会很感谢的。 4. We were greatly amused to hear about his sitting on the wet paint. →译文： 我们听说他坐到了湿油漆上，觉得很滑稽。 5. Britain’s poor economic performance was a cause for the flowing public concern. →译文： 英国糟糕的经济表现引起了公众越来越多的关注。 6. It amazed us to hear that you were leaving. Why not tell us a bit earlier? →译文： 听说你要离开，我们很惊讶，为什么不早点告诉我们？ 7. You needn’t worry about him. This kind of medicine will help to heal his wound soon. →译文： 你不必担心他，这种药将能帮助他很快愈合伤口。 8. I’m afraid I’ve chipped a piece out of this saucer. →译文： 这个碟子恐怕已经被我弄破了一片。 9. She has got used to sucking milk through a straw though she is only two months old. →译文： 尽管她只有两个月大，但是她已经习惯了用吸管吸牛奶。 10. The old woman had to support her family by washing a heap of dirty clothes every day though she had suffered a deadly disease. →译文： 尽管这位老妇人患有绝症， 但是 她还不得不每天洗一大堆衣服来支撑她的家庭。 5 1. The engine failed and the pilot had to put the plane down in the sea. →译文： 引擎坏了，驾驶员只好把飞机降落在海里。 2. He had the picture of his favorite football team framed and hung it up in his room. →译文： 他把自己喜欢球队的照片加上画框，挂在了墙上。 3. People who earn less money but enjoy life may end up happier than those who work too much.→译文： 那些拿钱少但是享受生活的人， 他们的一辈子要比那些工作很多的人 幸福。 4. Now that nobody is against it, we will adopt the proposal. →译文： 既然没有人反对它，那么我们就采用这个计划。 5. This balloon remained in flight for 50 minutes or so. →译文： 这个气球大概飞了 50 分钟。 6 A CBCD Read and translate 7 1. 这些观众一定是错过了看他们的音乐演出，否则他们会给予高度评价的。 These audiences must have missed their musical performance, or they would have spoken highly of it. 2. 尽管他远在他乡，不知怎么她总能感觉到母亲的深切关怀。 Although she was far away from hometown, somehow she could sense her mother’s deep concern. 3. 这位接线员每天从家里到工作地点路上要花两个小时左右。 This operator spends two hours or so on her way from her home to the workplace everyday.他感激他的同情和理解，因为在当时对他来说这意味着许多。 He appreciated her sympathy and understanding, because it meant a lot to him during that time. 5. 她终于来到电话亭，投入硬币后便开始网巴黎拨打电话。 She finally arrived at a telephone booth and dialed Paris after putting in the coins. 4.Unit 6 3 DAB D CRead and complete 4 1. Your advice is exceedingly valuable to me in my research. →译文： 你的建议对我的研究非常有价值。 2. These two substances won’t bond together at this temperature or pressure. →译文： 在这种温度和压力下，这两种物质不会融合。 2. Preparations were made overnight for an early start to the countryside the next morning. →译文： 为了明早能早点出发去乡下，整晚都在做准备。 4. Although there were only 4 horses competing it was an exciting race. →译文： 尽管只有四匹马参加，但是这仍然是令人兴奋的比赛。 5. The next big issue confronting the workers is the increase of wages. →译文： 工人们面临的另一个大问题是涨工资的问题。 6. She always revels in meeting new friends or making new acquaintances. →译文： 在遇到新朋友或者结交新朋友的时候，她总是非常高兴。 7. The invention of the telephone was a great contribution to human communication. →译文： 电话的发明给人类通讯作出了很大的贡献。 8. Several strong men were needed to open and close the massive gates to the castle. →译文： 城堡的大门需要一些强壮的人来开和关。 8. My experience of being a volunteer was quite relevant to the job I was doing at that time. →译文： 当志愿者的经历对我正在从事的工作来说很有关系。 9. One evening, when there were no staff to supervise him, he walked out of the hospital. →译文： 一天晚上，当没有人监护他的时候，他从医院走了出去。 5 1. The children reveled in the simple pleasures of country life. →译文： 孩子们对乡下生活的感到很高兴。 2. After the flood in 1998, many students wanted to take part in the activities to help the victims. →译文： 在 1998 年洪水之后，很多学生都想加入活动帮助受害者。 3. I took careful notes which later stood me in good stead in the exam. →译文： 我做了很仔细的笔记，这给我后来的考试中带来了很大的好处。 4. What we discussed in class last week was relevant to the TV program we had watched before. →译文： 我们上周在课堂上讨论的内容和我们以前看过的电视节目有关。 5. Good teachers use a range wide of methods to motivate their students. →译文： 优秀的老师用很多的方法来激发学生。 6 1 suspect 2 keen on 3 contact with 4 relevant 5 recognition Read and translate 71. 2. 3. 4. 5.我不知道事情会变成这样。 Little did I know that things would turn out like that. 他并不想买车，但是我说服他买了一辆。 He wasn't keen on buying a car, but I persuaded him buying one. 成为 2008 年北京奥运会志愿者队伍中的一员将会是我一生中难得的经历。 Being a volunteer in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games will be a once-in-a-lifetime experience for me. 吸烟室导致肺癌的主要原因。 Smoking is a main factor contributing to lung cancer. 这所大学下个月将联合举行艺术表演。 The two universities will stage an art show next month jointly.Unit 7 3 1 Both students and professors 2 because a research project gives students an opportunity to answer real-life questions 3 because research forces students to look for information they don’t know, not for knowledge they already have 4 because they work as a volunteers, pursuing a career that requires altruistic commitment 5 to learn actively, to see a discipline as evolving, and to rethink things constantlyRead and complete 4 1. The first-aid instructor demonstrated the correct way to bandage a wound. →译文： 急救指导员示范正确的包扎伤口的方法。 2. How can you accept the defeat so passively? Why don’t you try again? →译文： 你怎么能这么消极地接受失败呢？为什么不再试一次？ 3. Although she has a wealthy background, she would like to earn enough money to be financially independent. →译文： 虽然家境优越，她想自己挣钱，经济上独立。 4. You should plug rubbers in your ears when you swim. →译文：游泳时要用胶塞塞住耳朵。 5. Twelve people constitute the jury in a law court to listen to the facts about a crime and to decide whether the person accused is guilty. →译文： 法庭上由十二人组成的陪审团聆听犯罪举证后决定被告是否有罪。 1. It’s the money that spurs these fishermen to risk a long ocean journey. →译文： 渔民们在钱的驱动下冒险长途远航。 2. A good teacher should stimulate students to come up with original ideas and inventions. →译文： 一名好老师应该激励学生有创见和发明。 8. With the rapid development of the economy, our mode of life has changed greatly these years. →译文： 随着经济的快速发展，我们的生活模式这些年也发生了巨变。 9. She studied almost constantly for the big test, more than 12 hours per day for nearly a month. →译文：为了这次重要的考试她一直在学习，差不多一个月里每天学习 12 个多小时。 10. Mr. Selby is seriously ill and has been transferred to intensive care. →译文： 赛尔比先生病情严重，已经被转到加护病房。 5 1. Our English class is conducted on a a twice-a-week basis.→译文： 我们每周上两次英语课。2. 3. 4.5.The farmers have transformed the bare hills into rich farmlands. →译文： 农民把秃山变成了肥沃的耕地。 Scientists have long pointed out that lung cancer is associated with smoking. →译文： 科学家早就指出肺癌和抽烟有关。 Although vitamins are beneficial to health, you cannot skip the traditional health measures like exercising and having a low-fat diet. →译文： 尽管维他命对健康有好处， 但你也不能忽视传统的健康措施，如锻炼和吃低脂食物。 I work best on my own, while he can get nothing finished without help from others. →译文： 我能很好地独立工作，而他离开别人的帮助就一事无成。6 1 basis 2 constitute 3 evolve 4 mode 5 transform Read and translate 7 1. 这次贸易谈判非常成功，它对双方都有着特别打的好处。 The trade negotiation is very successful. It can be uniquely beneficial to both parties. 2. 我们班的同学都或多或少地参加过学生会组织的活动。 Our classmates have been involved, one way or another, in the activities organized by the Student Union. 3. 对一个没有受过高等教育的人来说，这是他能得到的最理想的工作之一。 For a person who has never received any higher education, it is one of the most desirable jobs available. 4. 从事科研工作能激发人大学生的独立思考和有效学习的能力。 Research work can spur undergraduate students independent thinking and effective learning. 5. 学费每年都在上涨，这一成为贫困家庭学生很重要的负担。 Tuition keeps going up every year, which has constituted a heavy burden upon students from poverty-stricken families.
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