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年新高一英语暑假衔接：英语基础知识5句子分类 并列句（附英语美文阅读）
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【导语】 不去耕耘，不去播种，再肥的沃土也长不出庄稼，不去奋斗，不去创造，再美的青春也结不出硕果。不要让追求之舟停泊在幻想的港湾，而应扬起奋斗的风帆，驶向现实生活的大海。无忧考网高一频道为正在拼搏的你整理了《高一上册英语必修五知识点整理》，希望对你有帮助！【一】一、过去分词过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。 1. 作定语作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：There are many fallen leaves on the ground.This is a book written by a worker. 2. 作表语过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。I was pleased at the news.The door remained locked. 过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。 过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点；被动结构强调谓语动作。The small village is surrounded by trees.（状态）The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.（动作）I'm interested in chess.（状态） 3. 过去分词做状语①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party. ②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle. ③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词Heated, water changes into steam.Given another chance, he will do better. ④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。Laughed at by many people, he continued his study. ⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
倒装句： 一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。There goes the bell. 铃声响了。Then came the chairman. 主席来了。Here is your letter. 你的信。 二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 neither 放句首Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。 用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。 用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就离开了。No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来，他才完成作业。 三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in. 省略句：一、省略的目的省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的： 1．避免重复，减少累赘。省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.（省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多） 2．连接紧密，结构紧凑 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.（Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑） 3．强调重点，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud） 二、句子成分的省略为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。1．省略主语Beg your pardon.请你原谅。（= I beg your pardon.））Serves you right. 你活该（= It serves you right.） 2．省略谓语Anything the matter? 要紧吗？（= Is anything the matter?）The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。（= The river was deep and the ice was thin.） 3．省略表语Are you ready? Yes,I am.（am 后面省略了表语 ready） 4．省略宾语We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.（wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes） 5．省略定语He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.（the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money） 6．省略状语（Even）The wisest man cannot know everything. 省略在句子中的应用在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。 1．简单句中的省略依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。Like more beer?（= Would you like more beer?）―World you mind if I used your telephone?―Not at all. 一点也不。（= I do not mind at all.）―Will he pass this examination?Probably. 大概会的。（= He will probably pass the examination.） 不依赖于上下文的省略。All aboard! 请上船（= All go aboard.省略谓语）Haven't seen you for ages!（省略主语 I）What about having a game of chess?Sounds like a good idea. 2．并列句中的省略（=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语）Everybody appears well prepared.（= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be） 并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。省略出现在后一分句John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.（省略主语） 省略出现在前一分句We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match. 我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。（前一分句省略谓语 + 宾语）前后两个分句都出现省略 They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.复合句中的省略 在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。省略主句的句首部分。（I'm）Sorry I couldn't go. 省略整个主句或主句的一部分（回答问题时常用）。（It is a）Pity he's failed.If he says he'll come, he will(come). 3．在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。以 when, while, once, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入国问禁，入乡随俗。 4．在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。省略谓语的全部James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.Tom has as many books as Jack. 省略主语和谓语的一部分Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks）省略表语部分Mrs White is not so young as she looks.（looks 后省略了 young） 省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语He is working harder than before.（than 后省略了 he worked hard） 省略主语He drank a little more than was good for him.（than 后省略了 it）省略宾语You spent more money than I had expected.（expected 后省略了that you should spend） 省略从句的全部You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before） 主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).【二】1. first aid 的意思是“急救”，例如：first aid to the injured 给予伤员的急救。 短语联想give/offer aid 援助 come to sb's aid 帮助某人teaching aids 教具 medical aid 医疗救护with the aid of 借助于 get injured 受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get + 及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫 get - 型被动语态。又如：The computer got (was)damaged when we were moving.My bike is getting (is being)repaired row. 2. Protect 动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect + 名词 + against/from + 名词”。e.g. He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 【短语联想】Ø Keep... from... 不让/避免 Ø stop... (from) ... 阻止Ø prevent...(from) ... 妨碍/防止 Ødisable... from... 使……失去（能力/资格）Øsave... from... 挽救、拯救 3.depend on 取决于。e.g. The amount you pay depends on where you live.词义拓展depend on 依靠，依赖：His family depends on him. 他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖，信任：We are depending on you to finish the job by Friday. 4. squeeze 动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeeze an orange 榨橘子squeeze + 名词 + out(of/from) + 名词，e.g. Those blackmailers intended to squeeze more money out of him. 5. hurt 既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：e.g. The little boy has fallen off a ladder and hurt himself.The driver hurt himself in the accident. 司机在事故中受了伤。 6. unless 除非……；如果不……。如： 7. icy adj. 冰凉的-y 是个形容词后缀。如：windy 有风的 hilly 多小山的 sleepy 困倦的greeny 略呈绿色 spicy 辛辣的 woody 树木茂密的thirsty 饥渴的 dirty 脏的 snowy 下雪的 8. in place 放在适当的地方。如：e.g. The librarian put the returned books in place. 图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。Yon'd better put things back in place.Otherwise, it will be difficult to find things.
9. sense n. 感觉Øsense of touch 触觉 sense of sight 视觉Ø sense of hearing 听觉 sense of smell 嗅觉 Ø sense of humour 幽默感 sense of beauty 美感 Øense of hunger 饥饿感 the sixth sense 第六感 10. variety n. 多样, 种类,★ a variety of… 各种各样…… 【词语联想】various a. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的e.g. Everyone arrived late at the party for various reasons.
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无忧考网移动版　m.51test.net英语语法：最全英语语法知识汇总（一），推荐收藏！英语语法：最全英语语法知识汇总（一），推荐收藏！程子英语百家号如果你想学好英语，语法就是一个迈步过去的坎，今天开始将会相继推出关于语法学习的重点内容，如果你还有其他想学习的知识，不要忘记留言哦~一、关系代词引导的定语从句that 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语（作宾语时可以省略）who 指人在从句中作主语，宾语或表语whom 指人在从句中作宾语whose 指人或物在从句中作定语as 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语but 指人或物在从句中作主语，宾语或表语注意：指物时，whose+名词=the+名词+of which或 of which+the+名词as 的用法常用于下列结构：such… so…the same… as…as注意：the same…as 表示同一类，不同一个the same…that 表示同一个as与which的区别1. 位置不同as可放在主句后，主句前或主句中间；which只能放在主句后。2. as起连接作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处，意为“正如，正像”。Which相当于并列句，可以用and this来代替，意为“这一点，这件事’”。注意：as常用于下列结构：as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above,as might be excepted, as is often the case, 一般不能用which代替as。3. 在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。二、只用that不用which的情况1. .先行词为 all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2. 先行词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3. 当先行词是最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。4. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。5. 当先行词是数词时.6. 当先行词既指人又指物时。7. 如有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词则宜用 that。8. 主句是There be结构,修饰其主语的定语从句宜用that 作关系代词。9. 被修饰成分为表语,或者关系代词本身是定语从句的表语时，该关系代词宜用that。10. 先行词为what，关系代词用that。11. 有时为了避免重复而使用that引导定语从句。三、只用which不用that的情况1. 当介词放在关系代词之前时。2. 在非限制性定语从句中。3. 当关系代词指整个主句的概念时。四、只用who不用that的情况1.当先行词是one, ones,anyone或those时。2. there be 结构中。3. 当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时。4. 为了避免重复或引起歧义。5. 当先行词是I,you,he,they等时（常用于谚语中）。6. 先行词是指成员的集体名词。7. who可以引导非限制性定语从句。8. 先行词是拟人化的名词。9. 先行词指特定的人时用who,不指特定的人用that。高中英语130+提分技巧，高考资讯，家庭教育内容分享，程子英语( czyy0008）更多干货精彩内容，助力学子圆梦名校！本文由百家号作者上传并发布，百家号仅提供信息发布平台。文章仅代表作者个人观点，不代表百度立场。未经作者许可，不得转载。程子英语百家号最近更新：简介:英文美句、高考英语提分、家庭教育作者最新文章相关文章《英语学习--并列句》 www.wenku1.com
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并列句知识要点：1、熟悉并掌握并列句的结构和常用的并列词的用法；2、注意while, when 和 for等作并列连词的用法。什么叫并列句：由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子叫并列句。并列句的基本句型：简单句 + 并列连词 + 简单句注意：（1）yet和still是连接副词，也叫半连接词。它们是副词。又起连接作用，但不如and, but, or等强，用了yet或still，前面还可加and或but。He is tired, (but) still he will make another experiment. 他很累，但他仍然要做另一个实验。I got up very early, (and) yet I failed to catch the first bus. 我起得很早，然而还是没有赶上头班车。（2）while意义相当于at the same time表示相反和对照，常用来连接两个意义对立的分句。I like football, while my sister likes basketball. 我喜欢足球，而我姐姐喜欢篮球。when = and then, just then或at that time, during the time.We were ready to rush away, when the snake moved. 我们正准备离开，这时蛇移动了。while和when作为并列连词使用时常是放在第二个分句前边，并有逗号和第一分句隔开。3、for表示附加或推断的理由、原因。therefore比so更正式，and so比较口语化。【专项训练】：一、用适当的并列连词填空：1、He couldn’t know the truth about me, me like this.2、the lesson is over.3、Although he was ill, he kept on working.4、I can’t make up my mind5、He doesn’t talk much, he thinks a lot.6、It must have rained last night the ground is still wet.7、The president will visit the town in May he will open the new hospital.8、9、I did not hear it clearly.10、He is clever,11、12、He hasn’t any money13、T he,14、Mary was neither happy, was she sad.15、Put on more clothes, you’ll catch cold.二、选择最佳答案：16、Some are reading magazines, others are playing cards.A．or B．for C．so D．while17、We must get up early tomorrow.A．so B．or C．but D．however18、——I don’t like chickenfish.——I don’t like chicken,A．and, and B．and, but C．or, and D．or, but19、A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not, but also20、In spring it is hot cold here.A．both, and B．either, or C．neither, nor D．not only, but21、he also speaks well.A．Not only, but B．Not, butC．Either, or D．Both, and22、Use your head, you’ll work it out.A．so B．or C．and D．for23、I want to buy the jacket,A．but B．so C．or D．for24、 you I am going to help Tom.A．Either, or B．Not, but C．Not only, and D．Each, and25、The soldier was wounded, he pushed on.A．for B．and C．so D．yet26、——Do you know Jim quarrelled with his classmate?——I don’t know, .A．nor don’t I came B．nor do I careC．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also27、He is a teacher, a singer as well.A．but B．or C．nor D．and28、 should a man have courage, he should have wisdom and knowledge.A．Not only, but B．Neither, norC．Either, or D．Both, and29、We have studied English for only one year,A．yet B．for C．and D．or30、She had escaped,A．so B．or C．but D．and31、The work was difficult, ,he finished in on time.A．but B．however C．otherwise D．therefore32、the sun was shining.A．but B．and C．for D．so33、 many times, but he still couldn’t understand it.A．Having been told B．Though he had been toldC．He was told D．Having told34、I was walking along the streetA．when B．while C．and D．for35、too big too small.A．either, or B．neither, nor C．not only, but also D．not, but36、Both Jane and Ellen, Mary, are studying at the same college.A．too B．and C．as well D．as well as37、He has never studied English before, we should give him more help.A．and B．or C．therefore D．but38、I se , I don’t agree with you.A．or B．but C．so D．still39、they will die.A．but B．so C．otherwise D．and40、We played outside till sunsetA．when B．while C．yet D．so三、改错：41、Although he has great learning, but he always works far into the night.42、Because the boy is very naughty, so I’m angry with him.43、Not only he himself works hard but he often helps others.44、It must have rained much of late, because the river is so high.45、They didn’t tell me whether I should write to him nor whether I should see him personally.46、If there were no plants, we would have no animals or no meat.47、Now of course I don’t want to say anything bad about anyone however have you noticed his strange manners?48、 “I’m more thankful to you, sir, than I can say” I said, “ and but I must make things clear.”49、He neither knows nor cares for what happened.50、He did not like your suggestion, and but he raised no objection(反对).【答案】：一、1、or 2、and 3、still / yet 4、when, or6、for 7、when 8、while 9、Either, or11、Not only, but 12、so 13、therefore15、or二、16、D 17、B 18、D 19、A 20、C22、C 23、A 24、A 25、D 26、B28、A 29、A 30、C 31、B 32、B34、A 35、B 36、D 37、C 38、D四、41、去掉but或改为yet 42、去掉so43、he前加does；works－work44、because－for45、nor－or46、or—and47、however—but48、去掉and49、去for50、去掉and 或把but改为yet 或still5、but 10、however 、nor 21、A 27、D 33、C 39、C 40、A 14本文由(www.wenku1.com)首发，转载请保留网址和出处！
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