Lesson1Apumaatlarge
时间： 1:55:13
&&&&&&&&XDF新概念第3册完全笔记（连载）有新内容lesson30FOX做了一些小小的调整（内部资料）&&&&&&&&Lesson1Apumaatlarge&&&&课文精讲1puma美洲狮2spot看出，发现3hunt追捕，追猎huntforrunafter追求seek/pursuade追寻chase追赶search搜寻某处为找到某物4corner使走投无路5trailn.一串，一系列v.follow6cling:holdtightly粘clingto粘在.....上stick粘住stickto坚持sticky粘的cling--clung--clung7convince使确信,使明白convincesb(ofsth)makesbfeelcertain,causesbtorealizeconfirm:provideevidenceforthetruthorcorrectnessof(areport,anopinion,etc);establishthetruthof证实，证明（报告，意见）的正确性，确认8somehow:bysomemeans,insomeway,forsomereasonunknowsomewhat:alittle9atlarge:(1)(ofacrimial,animal)free,notconfirmed(2)ingreatdetail,throughly(3)（用于名词后）asawhole,ingernal10onthespot（1）马上，立刻（2）在场，在现场11assemble聚集,把某些人召集在一起hoard大量的贮存amass积聚(主要用于诗和文学作品中)12takesthseriously认真对待13leavebehind(1)cause(signsofonesactions,anevent,etc)toremain(2)failorforgettobringortake14complainof抱怨15inthepossessionof/inpossessionof为(某人)所有/(某人)拥有(某物)16feelobligedtoinvestigate感到有必要调查feelobligedto/beobligedto感到有必要(做某事)obligesb(withsth)/obligesb(bydoingsth)17goonforseveralweeks持续好几周18inthequietcountry在宁静的乡村补充同义词:see,catchsightof,pickout,recognize&&&&&&&&&&&&19accumulate:graduallygetorgathertogetheranincreasingngetsthinthisway20extraordinary:beyondwhatisordinaryextraordinarily:adv.21blackberry黑莓22print痕迹&&&&&&&&Lesson2thirteenqualsone&&&&课文精讲1equal等于与......相匹敌beequalto有能力......2raise筹款,募捐提高饲养供养种植招募提出发出3torchlight电筒光4always现在进行时与频度副词always,constantly,continally等搭配表示说话人带有的感情色彩5oneoranother某种，这样或那样onereasonoranotheronewayoranother6getenoughmoney筹集足够的钱7havesomethingdone找某人来做某事havethechurchrepairedhavetheplanerepairedhavehaircut某人所遭受的意外某情况(主语必须是发出动作的人)Hehadhiswalletstolen.8usedto过去常常......,现在已经不再做9however用于口语，主要用在句首.用在作文中，最好用在句中句尾,要用逗号隔开neverthelessnonetheless10start惊跳,惊吓11before....才12armedwith配备上，武装上armedwiththetorch13recognizedsbas认出某人是regardsbas/thinkofsbas认为某人是treatsbas以....待某人haveonsbas把某人尊为14nightafternight一夜又一夜&&&&&&&&&&&&dayafterdayyearafteryearweekafterweekbusafterbus15aswell在句尾=too主要用于肯定句still用在句首用逗号隔开,报是转折表示转折“虽然如此，但是”16getusedto,beusedto,getaccustomedto,beaccustomedto习惯于get表示渐进的过程be表示习惯了的状态补充17inprep.（1）与表示惊奇，恐惧，失望，生气等感情色彩的名词搭配，在句中做状语insurpriseinangerindisappointindismay（2）“以，用”inEnglishinredinink（3）表示状态、情况、处境introubleintearsingood/badorderingoodrepairindebtingood/badhealthinthebadmoodinbedinpoverty/luxuryinafavorofexcitment18begratefulfor/bethankfulfor为......表示感谢19takethetroubletodosomething不辞劳苦地做某事Iamgratefulforthetroubleyouhavetakenforme.20still作连接副词=justthesame,eventhough,inspiteofthat仍然yet但是，然而Itsraining,stillImustgoout.Thispictureisnottoovabulable,stillIlikeit.Ihavefailed,yetIshalltryagain.&&&&&&&&lesson3Anunknowngoddness&&&&课文精讲1stand=lie,situate(vt.),locate(vt.)Agreattreestandsonthemout.2for引导原因状语从句，表示对主句的附加说明和解释because引导原因状语从句，重点突出原因3atonetime=once曾经，一度4enjoyedahighlevelofcivilization享有高度文明&&&&&&&&&&&&5with...6beautifullydecorated过去分词做定语，表示被动意义Theyhadlargeroomswithbeautifullydecoratedwalls.房间很大，墙壁装饰华丽.7beneaththenarrowstreets=underthenarrowstreets作介词时beneath=under在......正下方under还有在进行中的意思undercontrolunderdiscussionunderrepairbelow在下方强调斜下方8beusedas/beusedtobe把......用做为9datefrom/datebackto开始于,起源于10happento(v.)碰巧还有两种表达:Ithappens/happenedthatAsithappens/happenedthat碰巧,偶然happenon+n./pron.偶然发现11reconstruct:puttogether,restore12amazed:verymuchsurprised表示吃惊的程度surprisedastonishedamazedastounded13tofind.../todiscover.../torealize...发觉.......14turnout(tobe)证明是......还可以用:Itturnedoutthat...据证明asitturnedout正如事后证明或证实的那样,果不其然15reston=dependon=leanon倚放,放置Hishandsrestedonmyshoulder.16despite/inspiteof都是prep.接名词或动名词17toonessurprise,withonessurprise使某人惊讶的是......不同在:toonessurprise可做独立状语,而且主语不必是人withonessurprise不能独立使用,而且主语必须是人相同的用法还有toonesdisappointment,toonessatisfaction,toonewithonesdisappointment,withonessatisfaction,withonesdelight,withonesdismay.18sacred神圣的religious宗教的,关于宗教的frightening令人害怕的19conserve=keepfromwasted,damaged,lost,destroyed保留maintain维持,保养20atthisdistance(of/intime)时隔已久beforehand=inadvance事先补充21drainage排水,放水;排水系统&&&&&&&&&&&&drainsystem排水系统22archaelogist考古学家23promontory海角24storey楼层同音词story故事25full--length:oftheexpectedlengthafull--lengthskirt:askirtthatreachestheanckles&&&&&&&&Lesson4ThedoublelifeofAlfredBloggs&&&&Vocabulary1manual:physical----mental2collarwhitecollar(domentalwork)bluecollar(domanualwork)(get)hotunderthecollar怒气冲天3sacrifice牺牲:togiveupforgoodpurpose~oneslifeforcountry~timemakemany~s4privilege:advantage好处specialright特权sacrificeones~givesbthe~ofdoingsthprivileged荣幸的5dustman清洁工6overalls工作服7secrect秘密keepsecrect保密保密还有3种说法(1)Itisbetweenyouandme.(2)Illkeepittomyself.(3)confidential机密的insecrect私下里=secrectly,inprivate,privatelyinthesecrect知道内情8status=socialposition社会地位形近词statue雕像,雕塑课文精讲1peoplewhodomanualwork=blue-collarworkerpeoplewhoworkinoffices,peoplewhodomentalwork=white-collarworker2farmoremoney多许多钱far=much副词,起加强语气的作用3referto...as=regard...as把......看作/称作为&&&&&&&&&&&&Ialwaysrefertohimasabookworm.4forthesimplereason=for引导原因状语从句forthereasonthat比because正式,forthereasonthat多用于正式语句,而because多用在口语中5humannature人性6such...that...that引导同位语从句,进一步补充说明such的涵义Suchishumannature,thatagreatmanypeopleareoftenwillingtosacrificehigherpayfortheprivilegeofbecomingwhite-collarworkers.7bewillingto=bereadyto心甘情愿做......8giveriseto,leadto,cause=resultin引起，惹起Thebadconditionshavegivenrisetoalotofcrimes.9incaseof万一,以防inthecaseof至于,就......而言Stealingisnoshameincaseofhim.Youshouldensureyourhouseincaseoffire.10tooembrassedtosay太尴尬而没有说明=beashamedof10getmarriedmarryv.强调动作时Hemarriedthegirl.表示状态get/bemarried表达“和某人结婚已经多长时间了”bemarriedtosb11simply=only,just,...andnomore.adv.修饰told12dressedinasmartblacksuit形容词短语表达一种状态=wearingasmartblacksuit13changed（back)into换上，（换回）14Beforereturninghome=Beforehereturnedhome如果运用动名词形式，动名词的主语必须是主句的主语15sheneverwill=shewillneverdiscoverthesecrect.在省略句中never用在助动词前16halfasmuchas是......的一半多half/aquarter/threetimesas...as......as+(adj./adv.)+as...是......的几倍...times+(adj.的比较级/adv.的比较级）比......多几倍17iswellworththelossofmoneywell起加强语气作用,修饰worthDifficultiesinexercise1当直接宾语比较长或者是个从句时,通常放在间接宾语后,say除外Iexplainedtohimtheimpossibiltyofgranting(答应)thisrequest.Heconfessed(坦白)tomethathehadfallenasleepduringthemeeting.2worth+n./动名词Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.&&&&&&&&&&&&3illustrate阐释,说明4gain获利,赢得(经过努力)~time~reputationfee(为专业服务支付的)费用thedoctorsfeethelawersfeepayment(formal)(商业信贷)付的费用wages(体力劳动者的)工资salary(白领阶层的)薪水5payback偿还,报复reward酬劳compensatefor=makeupfor弥补morethancompensatefor=iswellworththelossofLesson5TheFactsVocabulary1editv.编辑editionn编辑editoriala.编辑的，主编的n.社论2extreme极端走极端gotoextreme(s)3statistics数据4journalist报社，杂志社的记者reporter电视台的记者correspondent电台记者，通讯员5palace宫殿6publish=print(vt.)gotopress(vi.Phr)7firev.解雇=dismiss(formal)=sack(俚语)Ifyoudoitwrongagain,youllbesacked.8originally最初地，原始地Text1instructsbtodosth=tellsbformallytodosth2on=about强调课题更专一3Whenthearticlearrived=Whentheeditorreceivedthearticle4refusetopublishit拒绝发表（它）refuse严厉拒绝decline婉言拒绝repudiate(formal)断然拒绝&&&&&&&&&&&&5instructing现在分词做定语，补充说明fax6setouttodo=decidetrytodoHesetouttomakehisfirst1,000,000in5years.setaboutdoing=startdoingsth(nopassive)7takesbalongtimetodosth某人花费很长时间做某事8twomorefaxes=anothertwofaxes9failto=couldntThejournalistfailedtoreply.10reluctantly=unwilling11asithadorbeenwritten=initsoriginallyway12倒装句小结Anotonly位于句首，倒装notonly...but(also)...Notonlyhadthepoormanbeenarrested,buthehadbeensentintoprisonaswell.B否定词位于句首，倒装常用的否定词有never,seldom.rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,nosonnerC含only的状语位于句首，倒装Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.Onlywhenagreatdealmoreinformationhasbeenobtained,willitbepossibletoplanatrip.D含not的短语位于句首，倒装notforamoment,notintheleastnotforaninstantnotuntilE含no的副词短语位于句首，倒装atnotimeinnowayinnosensebynomeansinnocaseonnoconditiononnoaccountundernocircumstancesFso,such位于句首，倒装13hehadatlastbeenallowed=hehadatlastbeenpermitted=hehadaskedforpemission14while和现在分词搭配，做时间状语，表示正在做某事的过程中可用while引导的时间状语从句替换Hehadbeenarrestedwhilecountingthe1084steps...=...whilehewascounting...15现在分词&&&&&&&&&&&&thestepleadingtothepresidentspalace16fifteen-foot做前置定语，用单数Difficulties倒装句（见课文讲解）&&&&&&&&lesson6Smash-and-grab&&&&&&&&Vocabularysmash:breaksthintopiecesviolentlyThedisheswassmashedinthefloor.smashinto猛撞,猛冲.猛击2grab:seizesuddenlycatch:getholdofsth/sbsuddenlyandviolentlyseize强调抓住抓到的结果grasp:掌握hold:抓牢,抓紧Hegrabedmebythearm.Fearseizeher.3background背景onthebackgroundofsthbackgroundinformationamanofexcellentbackground4scramblevi.creepquicklyclimbvt.爬mountvt.登上(山)5fantastic:verygreatlargewonderful6arcade7jewellery8velvet9headlight10blare11raid12ashtrayText1介词短语修饰shopsTheshoeshopinmyneighborhoodwasjustopening.2同位语从句Mr.Taylor,theownerofajewelleryshopwasadmiringanewdisplay.3with的复合结构本课重点A.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是主谓关系用动词-ing形式&&&&&&&&&&&&B.宾语和宾语补足语在逻辑上是动宾关系用过去分词形式C.描述当时的情况用形容词,副词，或介词短语.表示宾语的状况.D.表达事情将要发生用动词的不定式toeg.Shestoodtherewithherhandsrestingonherhips.Heranintotheroomwithhisfacecoveredwithtears.Withhishomeworkfinishedhefelthappy.Heusedtosleepwithallwindowsopen.Hewentoutwithhishaton.Withthemeetingover,wewenthome.Hecameinwithaknifeinhishand.Twootherswithblackstockingsoverfacesjumpedout.Withalotofhomeworktodo,hecantgotothecinema.with放在句首或句尾,做状语,表示行为方式,原因,或伴随状况.with放在名词后,修饰限定该名词eg.athiefwithstockingoverhisfacearoomwiththewindowsopen4cometo+n.到达cometoastopcometoanendcometoadecisioncometoanagreementcometoanunderstandingcometofamecometosuccess5atatthebutchersatthebackersatthegreengrocersatthechemists6helponeselfto自便Myroommatehelpedherselftomyclotheswithoutaskingme.7toobusytonoticeanypain=concentratedonesmindthatdidnotfeelanypain8atafantasicspeed=atatremendousspeed=atahigh(full)speed=withgreatspeed9hunderdsofthousandsofdollarsworthofjewel价值上百万美元的珠宝10前缀构词法本课重点(1)disA.dis-+adj.agreeable--disagreeablecontent--discontentgraceful---disgracefulsatisfactory---dissatisfactoryB.dis-+n.agreement----disagreementhonest---dishonest&&&&&&&&&&&&ability---disabilitygrace----disgraceC.dis-表示除去.解除名词前加上dis-转化为动词courage---discourageroot---disrootmask---dismaskburden---disburden(2)ill-后面接以l开头的形容词legal--illegallogical--illogicalliterate--illteratelegible--illegible(3)im-后面接以b,m,p,开头的形容词mortal--immortalmoral---immoral(4)ir-用在以r开头的形容词前rational--irrationalresistble--irresistible(5)in-用在以其他字母开头的形容词前correct--incorrectaccurate--inaccurate(6)un-后面接形容词或动词不happy--unhappy无condition--uncondition表示为主要用在过去分词前decided--undecidedfinished--unfinished用在动词前表示做相反的动作lock--unlocktie--untiepack--unpackDifficltiesinexcersize1ononeswayto在......的路上onthewayto在......的路上Heisonthewaytobecomealawer.=Heisonhiswaytobecomealawer.warnsboutofonesway提醒某人让路inonesway挡路2名词前有修饰词时,修饰词的语序时先形容词后名词3speed强调加快动作和工作的进程speedupaccelerate加速v.reverse倒车v.4overdressed穿着讲究的5overlooked俯瞰6asithappened这类事的发生7hurl用力投掷8project发射=senduplesson7Mutilatedladies&&&&&&&&Vocabulary&&&&&&&&&&&&1mutilate毁伤，残害vt.通常用做被动语态Hewasmutilatedintheaccident,andnowhasonlyoneleg.Youhavealreadymutilatedthenovelbymakingsuchchanges.mutilation切断，残缺不全n.2chew咀嚼v.Alotofpeoplelovechewinggums.Dontbiteoffmorethanonecanchew.chewthefat聊天chewedup(俚)worried,anxiousDontgetchewedupaboutyourexamation.3microwaveoven微波炉microswich微型开关microfilm微缩胶卷microscope显微镜microphonemicrosecond百万分之一秒microbiology微生物学4safekeeping妥善保管n.keepsthsafev.phr.---safekeepingn.doevilv.phr.---evildoingn.maketroublev.phr.---troublemakingn.5identifyv.鉴定identityn.身份identificationn.认明,确认6spodeswoman女发言人Notesonthetext1段首用疑问句引发读者的兴趣和注意力2rescuesave救(性命)salvage(在水中捞)救rescue抢救(东西)Hunderedsofpeoplewenttohelptheplanerescue.3whiterthanwhite在英国常见的广告用语，在这里译为damaged,mutilated4makemistakeslikethis犯这种错误5team组织ateamcalledMutilatedLadieswhichdealswithclaimsfrompeoplewhofedtheirmoneytoamachineortotheirdogscalledMultitatedLadies做team的定语,表达被动意义。which引导定语从句修饰team,说明这个组织的宗旨和职能。which引导的定语从句中又包含一个who引导的小从句，修饰限定people，这里的定语从句是具体说哪一类的人。6makeaclaim提出要求7feedsthto喂......给.....这里是拟人8concern:isaboutArecentcaseconcernsJaneButlinwhosefiancéJohn,runsasuccessfulfurniturebusi,ness.whose引导的定语从句&&&&&&&&&&&&9runafactory,runacopanyrun经营,开10haveagoodday这里指这一天的生意好11tokeepitsafe为了保险起见12puthiswalletcontaining$3,000intothemicrowaveovenforsafekeeping=puthiswalletwhichcontained$3,ooo...13gohorse-riding去骑马14beautifully-cookedwallet这里是讽刺,幽默的说法15JohnwenttoseehisbankmanagerwhosenttheremainsofwalletandthemoneytothespecialdepartmentoftheBankofEnglandinNewcastle:theMutilateLadies!who指代bankmanager16solongas=onconditionthat=provided=suppose,supposing17payfor为......付款,付......款payoff还清债务payback(1)把钱还给某人(2)报复,报仇paymoneybackpaysbbackSpecialdifficulties1定语从句2现在分词3过去分词4后缀--less表示否定careless-ful有,充满了hopefulcareful-lyadj.+-ly---adv.happy---happilyn.+-ly---adj.day---daily-ic,-picenergetic-ishchildishwomanish-ablev.+-able---adj.identify---identifiablereturn---returnableLesson8ThefamousmonasteryVocabulary1monastery寺院，修道院Abbot修道院院长Conventnun修女&&&&&&&&&&&&Abbess女修道院院长2rashly:notthinkingenoughoftheresult,boldly3enclosure围场，圈地4privacyn.宁静，隐居Notesonthetext1At2,473meters介词短语修饰全文，放在句首，表示原因，条件或状态Inred,shelooksmuchmorebeautiful.2限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句Therewerefewpassengerswhoescapedwithoutseriousinjury.顺利逃出没有受重伤的旅客很少。非限制性定语从句Therewerefewpassengers,whoescapedwithoutseriousinjury.旅客很少，都顺利逃出，没有受重伤。3who导非限制性定语从句，指代人，在句中做主语指代事物在非限制性定语从句中只能用which不用thatHelentmeathousanddollars,whichwasexactlythesumIneed.4nowthat既然引导时间状语从句，后面接完成时态Nowthatyouhaveleftuniversity,youhavetofindajob.引导原因状语从句时态不限Nowthatyouwon’thelpme,Imustdothejobmyself.5ever与what,who,when,where连用，加强语气（特别是疑问句的语气）Whoevertoldyouthat,didn’tknowwhathewastalkingabout.6attempttodosth---trytodosth前者更正式7TherebeTherearestillafewstudentsstudyingEnglishintheclassroom.8incars=bycar9about=hereandthereDon’tlitterwastepapersabout.10wanderabout注意wander和wonder发音不同11quitetheopposite恰恰相反12prefersthtosthprefertodothandoHeprefersbananasthanapples.Heprefersreadingthandoingnothing.Hepreferstoreadthandonothing.13theregularvisitorstothemonastery来修道院参观的常客14Theseyoungpeople,wholovethepeaceofthemountain,alwaysreceiveawarmwelcomeatStBernard’smonastery.Who引导的非限制性定语从句Mike,wholoveschessverymuch,enteredforthegame.&&&&&&&&&&&&Lesson9FlyingcatsVocabulary1fascinate迷住，吸引住v.befacinatedwith近义词：like,love,befondofbefacinatedwith对......着迷becrasyabout,bemadaboutfascination迷惑,蛊惑n.fascinating迷人的,醉人的adj.2affectionate充满深情的，柔情的Catisakindofaffectionateanimal.affectionatlyadv.深情地affectionn.感情3mysteriousadj.神秘的，难以捉摸的mysteryn.秘密4submissiveadj.服从的，顺从的=obdientbesubmissivetosbsubmitv.屈服，顺从submitoneselftosb/sthsubmissionn.5felineadj.猫的6independence独立性7windowsilln.窗槛8paratroopern.伞兵9squirreln.松鼠10air-resistancen.空气阻力11impactn.冲击力Notesinthetext1Catsneverfailtofascinatehumanbeings.neverfailto是双重否定。加深了句子的语义双重否定又有四种：（1）neverfailto,cantfailto,dontfailto（2）在否定的形容词前加以否定notreasonable,notuncommon(3)not+withoutYoucantobtainEnglishwithoutworkinghard.(4)no+notThereisnorulethathasnoexception.2havelearnedto学会了，习惯于3besupiciousofsb怀疑某人，对某人存有戒心4Oneofthethingsthatfascinatesusmostaboutcatsisthepopularbeliefthatthey&&&&&&&&&&&&haveninelives.是that引导的同位语从句5truth不可数。用agreatdealof修饰6appearantly=Itseemsthat...7Acatsabilitytosurvivefallsisbasedonfact.suvivev.falln.vbebasedon基于事实上的basesthon把......建立在......的基础上Webasethetheoryonthefact.8makeastudyofsth对......做出研究9overaperiodoffivemonth经过为时五个月10incommon=thesame11diefromshock/injures/wound强调非自然死亡dieofillness/disease/hunger/thirsty强调因疾病，寒冷饥饿或感情因素死亡12beshortageof=belackofthereisnoshortageoftallbuildings=thereisnolackoftallbuildings=thereareplentyoftallbuildings13well-trained训练有素的well-decorated装修得很好的14Itseemsthatthefurthercatsfall,thelesstheyarelikelytoinjurethemselves.thefurther...,theless....用定冠词the修饰形容词或副词的比较级TheharderyoustudyEnglish,thebetteryoucanlearnit.15belikelytodo有可能如何16andmore甚至更多17athighspeed高速18stretchout伸展Difficultiesinexercise1for对于人们来讲with对于人们来讲，强调对比概念Withsomechildren,theirpocketmoneygoesalongway.2during在......期间,强调时间短through侧重指从空间通过throughout自始至终,贯穿始终3bebasedon=besupportedby被......证实Lesson10ThelossoftheTitanicVocabulary1colossal:largeinsize近义词big,large,huge,great,vast,immense,enormous,giant,gigiantic,trem&&&&&&&&&&&&endous,titantic.big大且很重，重要的Yougivemeabigsurprise.Heisabigperson.Theboxisbig.large体积大，数量大anemptylargeboxalargenumberofpeoplegreat伟大vast辽阔vastdesertimmense:不可测量的，无边无际的immeasurableimmensestadiumimmenseiceburgenormous数量大，程度深，体积大。强调程度时语义强于biggiant巨大的，高大的；巨人agiantpersongiganticadj.tremendous:big,fast,powerful.Theplaneistravellingattremenendousspeed.titanic人和物体积大，力量大Theshipistitanic.huge强调体积大，数量大ahugestoneahugeamountofmoney2watertight不漏水的awatertightshipawatertightargument,awatertightexcusewaterproof防水的waterproofwatch防水手表waterproofcoat雨衣3floodvt.n.vt.1)befilledwithwaterTheshipisflooded.2)引申为充满Theroomisfloodedwithmoonlight.n.洪水1)inflood河水泛滥Duringtherains,theriverisinflood.2)inafloodofwords滔滔不绝地Sheblamedherhusbandinafloodofwordsonseeinghim.4tragic:悲剧的unfortunate,miserable,bittertragedyn.intragedycomic喜剧的,comedy喜剧comical古怪的，可笑的&&&&&&&&&&&&5voyage海上航行flight飞行journey长途行程navigation航海，航海术Thevoyageismorethantheoldladycanbear.6collide碰撞，抵触crash坠毁conflic和......相抵触clash相冲突Itissaidthereisanairplanethatcrashedinthemountains.Myideaconflictswithyours.Hisweddingclashedwithmyexamation,soIcouldntgo.7tremble有规律，小幅度的抖动Look,yourhandsaretrembling.Whatswrongwithyou?shiver因寒冷、惧怕一连串地抖动Ifoundsheisshiveringinacold.shudder全身颤栗Theboyisshuddering.Why?Becausehewasfrightening.8fiant:(1)weakweaksound(2)uncousious近义词slight轻微的，微不足道的aslightheadacheaslightbook9abandon因为某事被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物desert背弃，遗弃desertthearmy,deserttheduty,deserthisfamily10plunge:jumporrushsuddenlywildly投入，跳入jump强调快速的跳Theboyisjumpimgupanddown.leap跳跃Heleaptoutofthesleepingbed.dive跳水H.Notesonthetext1Thegreatship,Titanic,sailedforNewYorkfromSouthamptononApril10th,1912.sailfor航海去往某处setout(off)for出发去往某处leavefor,headfor,makefor2Evenbymodernstandards,the46,000tonTitanicwasacolossalship.evenby...by:accordingto依据bymordernstandards,byregulation,byrules,byourestimate,byourlooks,byonesappearance&&&&&&&&&&&&accordingto依据课文、事实等客观存在的现实accordingtothefactaccordingtothetextinmyopinion在我看来inaccordancewith比accordingto更正式inaccordancewithlawinaccordancewithrules3beregardedas:beconsiderdetobe,bethoughtofas口语中常说regardsb/sthas+(n./pron./adj./doing/done)eg.Iregardedhisideaastotallyunacceptable.Wecantregardthematterassettled.4godown:sink5onherfirstvoyage=onhermaidenvoyage首航6withheavylossoflife损失很大，伤亡惨重7whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywateroftheNorthAtlantic,hugeicebergwassuddenlyspottedbyalookout....spotted....:suddenlydiscoveredbyalookout8icywater水域，海域9narrowly勉强地10Suddenly,therewasaslighttremblingsoundfrombelow,andthecaptainwentdowntoseewhathadhappened.frombelow从底部，从下面fromabove从上面11tooneshorror使某人惊骇的是，使某人恐惧的是toonessurprise使某人惊讶的是12Theordertoabandonshipwasgivenandhundredsofpeopleplungedintotheicywater.order/ability/capitabilityordersbtodosth---theorderto(abandontheship)beabletodosth---theabilitytodosthbecapableof---thecapabilityofdoingsthDifficultiesWordBuildingv.+-er以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r.表示行为的主动者，做某事的人work--workerteach--teachermurde--murderwrite---writerread---readerv.+-ist表示某种主义者，信仰者；从事某种事业，研究的人copy---copisttype---typistnovel---novelistdrug---druggisttobacco---tobacconistadj.+-ness抽象名词。表示一种性质、情况、状态kind---kindessbitter---bitternesshappy---happinesswilling---willingnessv.+-ion名词&&&&&&&&&&&&suggest---suggesstionpossess---possessioncollect---collection以-te结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉再加-iontranslate---translationcomplete---completiongraduate---graduation某些以-aim,-ain结尾的动词，把-i去掉再加-ationexplain---explanationexclaim---exclamation某些以-ity结尾的,放在形容词后构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态以-able/-ible结尾的形容词变成名词，变成-ability/-ibilityable---abilityprobable---probabilitypossible---possibilitymobile---mobil&&&&&&&&Lesson11Notguilty&&&&Vocabulary1guilty犯罪的，违法的Hefeltguiltywhenhedidwhatheshouldnthavedone.guiltn.guiltilyadv.反义词innocentadj.innocencen.2tolerantadj.宽容的tolerantlyadv.tolerancen.toleratevt.toleratableadj.3hardened有经验的=experiencedhardened侧重于老练的ahardenplayerahardenedthiefexperienced侧重于经验丰富的anexperiencedteacher4professional职业的，专业的aprofessionalplayer5officious爱管闲事的officiouslyadv.officiousnessn.anofficiouscivilservant爱管闲事的公务员anofficiouspoliceofficer爱管闲事的警察6confidentlyHewenttodotheworkconfidently.=withconfidentconfidentadj.confidencen.haveconfidence有信心gainconfidence获得信心inconfidence=secretly秘密地，私下地takesbinonesconfidence以某人为心腹7dreadful可怕的，乱七八糟的=frightful胆怯的，恐惧的8perfume香水fragrance抽象名词，芬芳9duty税CustomDuty关税&&&&&&&&&&&&StampDuty印花税dutyfree免税的同义词taxincometax所得税10baggage行李=luggageTextCustomsOfficersarequitetolerantthesedays,buttheycanstillstopyouwhenyouaregoingthroughtheGreenChannelandhavenothingtodeclare.Evenreallyhonestpeopleareoftenmadetofeelguilty.Thehardenedprofessionalsmuggler,ontheotherhand,isnevertroubledbysuchfeelings,evenifhehasfivehundredgoldwatcheshiddeninhissuitcase.WhenIreturnedformabroadrecently,aparticularlyofficiousyoungCustomsOfficerclearlyregardedmeasasmuggler.Haveyouanythingtodeclare?heasked,lookingmeintheeye.No,Iansweredconfidently.Wouldyoumindunlockingthissuitcaseplease?Notatall,Ianswered.TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.AllthethingIhadpackedsocarefullyweresooninadreadfulmess.IfeltsureIwouldneverbeabletoclosethecaseagain.Suddenly,IsawtheOfficersfacelightup.Hehadspottedatinybottleatthebottomofmycaseandhepouncedonitwithdelight.Perfume,eh?heaskedsarcastically.Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.Perfumeisnotexemptfromimportduty.Butitisntperfume,Isaid.Itshairgel.ThenIaddedwithasmile,ItsastrangemixtureImakemyself.AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.Tryit!Isaidencouragingly.Theofficerunscrewedthecapandputthebottletohisnostrils.HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.Afewminuteslater,Iwasabletohurryawaywithpreciouschalkmarksonmybaggage.Notesonthetext1CustomsOfficersarequitetolerantthesedays表示程度的副词完全地completely,entirely,fully,thoroughlythoroughly有“仔仔细细地，彻彻底底地”意绝对地absolutely真地，确实reallyEvenreallyhonestpeople...尤其地，特别的particularlyaparticularlyofficiousyoungCostomsOfficer....极端地，极其，非常extremely,excessivelyfairly“一般般”&&&&&&&&&&&&very“非常”语气强烈rather语意接近faily注意rather,faily修饰形容词，副词，特别是修饰形容词同时修饰名词时，不定式冠词的位置不同afailygoodbookarathergoodbook=ratheragoodbookrathertoo=quitequiterightquitewrongquitemistakenquitesure2theGreenChannel=theCustomsOffice3lookingmeintheeyelooksbintheeye=looksbintheface=staresbintheeye=lookdirectlyatsb4TheOfficerwentthroughthecasewithgreatcare.=Theofficerexaminedthecasecarefully.5inamess乱作一团in和名词搭配表示状态ingoodorderingoodhealthinagoodmoodingoodtemper6lightup:suddenlylookspleasedandhappy容光焕发，喜气洋洋Hisfacelightedupatthesmalltriumph.light的过去式，过去分词：lit,lightedalightedcigaralightedstick一根点燃的火炬7with+抽象名词表示内心充满了一种感情withconfidencewithcarewithpridewithdilightwithsurprise8pounceon向。。。猛扑过来||对。。。大做文章Thepolicemanpouncedonthethief.Dontpounceonmymistake.9Youshouldhavedeclaredthat.shouldhave+P.P.本应该作某事而没做，具有谴责性意思本不该作某事shoudnthavedone10exempt免除的，beexemptedfrom被免除的11AsIexpected,hedidnotbelieveme.as作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代主句的整个句子的含义关系代词as和which的区别as引导的非限制性定语从句，可以用在主句前which引导的非限制性定语从句，只能用在主句后12greet问候，向。。。致敬；觉察到；呈现在。。。眼前，在。。。耳边&&&&&&&&&&&&HewasgreetedbyanunpleasantsmellwhichconvincedhimthatIwastellingthetruth.Iwokeupandwasgreetedbyabirdssong.Insidetheroomadreadfulmessgreetedus.Whenhewentintothekitchen,asmellgreetedhim.&&&&&&&&Lesson12Lifeonadesertisland&&&&TextMostofushaveformedanunrealisticpictureoflifeonadesertisland.Wesometimesimagineadesertislandtobeasortofparadisewherethesunalwaysshines.Lifethereissimpleandgood.Ripefruitfallsfromthetreesandyouneverhavetowork.Theothersideofthepictureisquitetheopposite.Lifeonadesertislandiswretched.YoueitherstarvetodeathorlivelikeRobinsonCrusoe,Waitingforaboatwhichnevercomes.Perhapsthereisanelementoftruthinboththesepictures,butfewushavehadtheopportunitytofindout.Twomenwhorecentlyspentfivedaysonacoralislandwishedtheyhadstayedtherelonger.TheyweretakingabadlydamagedboatfromtheVirginIslandstoMiamitohaveitrepaired.Duringthejourney,theirboatbegantosink.Theyquicklyloadedasmallrubberdinghywithfood,matches,andcansofbeerandrowedforafewmilesacrosstheCaribbeanuntiltheyarrivedatatinycoralisland.Therewerehardlyanytreesontheislandandtherewasnowater,butthisdidnotprovetobeaproblem.Themencollectedrainwaterintherubberdinghy.Astheyhadbroughtaspeargunwiththem,theyhadplentytoeat.Theycaughtlobsterandfisheveryday，and,asoneofthemputitatelikekings.Whenapassingtankerrescuedthemfivedayslater,bothmenweregenuinelysorrythattheyhadtoleave.Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语1desertisland荒岛desert沙漠n.背弃，遗弃v.dessert甜点n.2paradise天堂，乐土heaven天堂，天国，死亡3wretched=miserable可怜的，艰苦的leadawretched/miserable/terrible/doglife4starve挨饿bestarvedtodeath饿死5opportunity机会goldenopportunityOpportunityknocksonlyonce.千载难逢的机会opportunity+of,tochance表示机会时可与opportunity互换，表示可能性则不可互换6genuinely由衷地Heisgenuinelythankfultome.&&&&&&&&&&&&genuineadj.genuinessn.7coraln.珊瑚8dinghyn.救生筏，小船9speargun捕鱼枪10lobstern.龙虾11tankern.油轮12RobinsonCrusoe鲁滨孙.克鲁索（小说《鲁滨孙漂流记》主人公）Notesonthetext1formanunrealisticpictureofsth对。。。抱有不切实际的幻想Alargenumberofpeoplehaveformedanunrealisticofthejob.2imaginesthtobe/imaginesthas3quitetheopposite恰恰相反4either...or...句型中谓语动词跟与它临近的主语一致EitheryouorIamgoingtotheparty.anelementoftruth=abitoftruth5wish做谓语动词，其后的宾语从句用虚拟语气如果表达对现在的遗憾或与现在相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去时，be动词用were代替如果表达对过去的遗憾或与过去相反的情况，从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时如果表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的愿望，用情态动词的过去时would,couldIwishyoucoulddriveacar.IwishIhadntspentsomuchmoney.IwishthatIcouldgoabroadtomorrow.6ifonly用法同wish,但wish比更富有戏剧性和感情色彩Ifonlytheweatherwouldchange.Ifonlyyouhadntsaidthat.Ifonlyyouwouldcomeheretomorrow.7loadwith往上...装载...Theworkersareloadingthetruckswithgoods.unload卸载8hardlyany几乎没有:verylittle,veryfewYouhardlyeatanything,whatswrong?9asoneofthemputitput:express10fendforoneself独立地照顾某人11unduly过分地，过度地undulyoptimisticorundulypessimistic[/size]&&&&&&&&&&&&Lesson13Itsonlyme.TextAfterherhusbandhadgonetowork.Mrs.Richardssentherchildrentoschoolandwentupstairstoherbedroom.Shewastooexcitedtodoanyhouseworkthatmorning,forintheeveningshewouldbegoingtoafancy-dresspartywithherhusband.Sheintendedtodressupasaghostandasshehadmadehercostumethenightbefore,shewasimpatienttotryiton.Thoughthecostumeconsistedonlyofasheet,itwasveryeffective.Afterputtingiton,Mrs.Richardswentdownstairs.Shewantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortabletowear.JustasMrs.Richardswasenteringthediningroom,therewasaknockonthefrontdoor.Sheknewthatitmustbethebaker.Shehadtoldhimtocomestraightinifevershefailedtoopenthedoorandtoleavethebreadonthekitchentable.Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,Mrs.Richardsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroomunderthestairs.Sheheardthefrontdooropenandheavyfootstepsinthehall.Suddenlythedoorofthestoreroomwasopenedandamanentered.Mrs.RichardsrealizedthatitmustbethemanfromtheElectricityBoardwhohadcometoreadthemetre.Shetriedtoexplainthesituation,sayingItsonlyme,butitwastoolate.Themanletoutcryandjumpedbackseveralpaces.WhenMrs.Richardswalkedtowardshim,hefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.Vocabulary1costume化装服2consist由。。。组成consistof（表示被动的概念）=bemadeupof=comprise整体由部分所构成becomposedof强调由。。。部分所组成constitué(e)由部分构成整体3effective有明显效果的，有作用的influential有潜移默化影响力的efficacious（医药）有效的fruitful有成效的（试验等）4flee(fled,fled)vt.vi.（总称）泛泛强调逃离危险境地escapevt.逃出监狱，逃出牢笼||vi.逃掉，逃出5slam=bang6metre电表Notesonthetext1too...tonot/nevertoo...to并不太。。。，所以能。。。Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.&&&&&&&&&&&&Thequestionisnottoodifficultformetoanswer.副词前有all,only,but.修饰，表示肯定语气Theyarealltoosatisfiedtoworkwithyou.Ialwaystoogladtohavesomeonetospeakto.Hewasbuttooeagertogethome.2fancy-dressparty=costumeparty化装舞会3beimpatienttodosth急于做某事，迫不及待地impatient可用eager,anxious,hungry,thirsty,desterate,cantwait(口语)替换4Shewantedtofindoutwhetheritwouldbecomfortabletowear.动词不定式towear修饰comfortable做状语Thebookisdifficulttoread.5Itwouldbecomfortable(forher)towear.主动形式表达被动概念（一）不定式或动名词Themusicissweettohear.Themachineneedsrepairing.Thedictionaryisworthbuying.（二）underThehouseisunderconstruction.Thepumaisstillundercontrol.Theproblemisunderdiscussion.Thethiefisunderarrest.（三）“使用”，“浪费”，“不用”Theairportcameintouseagain.Ourtimehasalreadygonetowaste.（四）“能够被。。。的”--ableSheisarespectableperson.（五）consistof,comprise本身有被动概念，“由。。。结构形式组成”6有人敲门Therewasaknockon/atthedoor.Therewassomeoneatthedoor.Therewassomeoneknockingthedoor.7ifever--ever用于条件句中“任何时间”，“任何场合”=wheneverIfever/Wheneverheisintrouble,Illbeonthespot.8Notwantingtofrightenthepoorman,Mrs.Richardsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroomunderthestairs.Notwanting分词的否定结构形式做原因状语，多用在句首，也用于句中放在主谓间。Notwantingtomakehernervous,thedoctordidntfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.Thedoctor,notwantingtomakehernervous,didntfullyexplaintheseriousnessofhercondition.9readthemetre查电表10letoutacry=utter/giveacry&&&&&&&&&&&&shout强调有目的的喊shouttosbshoutatsb11jumpbackseveralpaces12WhenMrs.Richardswalkedtowardshim,hefled,slammingthedoorbehindhim.slamming现在分词做方式状语或伴随状语，说明逃离的情况Specialdifficulties形容词+动词不定式Hewasdelightedtolearnthathisofferhadbeenaccepted.感情类的形容词放在动词不定式前，通常是表示原因，在句中做原因状语如：happy,relieved,astonished,amazed,surprised,horrified,disappointed,sad,embarrassed,shockedHewasfrightenedtoseethesnake.=Hewasfrightenedwhenhesawthesnake.不定式也可放在表语后，主语是不定式的实际宾语Thecarishardtopark.Somequestionsareawkwardtoanswer.在少数几个动词后，不定式可以表示结果(learn,find,see,hear,totold)Helivedtoseehisinventionscometosuccess.Hewokeuptofindeveryonegone.Hewenttohishouseonlytofindhimout.在不定式前加only表示意想不到的，出乎意料的结果Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasshut(closed).Lesson14AnoblegangsterTextTherewasatimewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicagothattopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnforprotection.Ifthemoneywasnotpaidpromptly,thegangsterswouldquicklyputamanoutofbusinessbydestroyinghisshop.Obtainingprotectionmoneyisnotamoderncrime.Aslongagoasthefourteenthcentury,anEnglishman,SirJohnHawkwood,madetheremarkablediscoverythatpeoplewouldratherpaylargesumsofmoneythanhavetheirlifeworkdestroyedbygangsters.Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiersandsettlednearFlorence.HesoonmadeanameforhimselfandcametobeknowntotheItaliansasGiovanniAcuto.WhenevertheItaliancity-stateswereatwarwitheachother,Hawkwoodusedtohirehissoldierstoprinceswhowerewillingtopaythehighpricehedemanded.Intimesofpeace,whenbusinesswasbad,Hawkwoodandhismenwouldmarchintoacity-stateand,afterburningdownafewfarms,wouldoffertogoawayprotectionmoneywaspaidtothem.Hawkwoodmadelargesumsofmoneyinthisway.Inspiteofthis,theItaliansregardedhimasasortofhero.Whenhediedat&&&&&&&&&&&&theageofeighty,theFlorentinesgavehimastatefuneralandhadapicturedwithasdedicatedtothememoryofthemostvaliantsoldierandmostnotableleader,SignorGiovanniHaukodue.Vocabulary1gangster歹徒，强盗robber抢劫犯bandit强盗，土匪brigand（书）强盗，土匪，盗贼，草寇hooligan流氓hoodlum（口）罪犯，恶汉rascal（口）淘气，捣蛋鬼2protectionmoney保护费protector保护者protege被保护者3promptly=immediatelypunctually4destroy强调毁灭，消灭，完全地摧毁damage可以被修复break强调弄坏，弄断spoil强调把事情搅了5remarkable:unusual,uncommon,extraordinaryaremarkableeventanextraordinaryeventoutstanding突出的，杰出的，卓越的Ourheadmasterisanoutstandingyouth.distinguished杰出的，显赫的，不同非凡的=eminent显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的adistinguishedphysicistaneminentsurgeonaneminentjudgeadistinguishedlawyer6well-known强调众所周知famous因卓越的贡献而流芳百世notorious臭名昭著的=infamous语气较弱renowned某人或某事以独特的本质或个性而闻名7band表示贬义色彩的团伙帮派的词还有mobamobofhooligansgangagangofthievesnestanestofbanditspackapackofhoodlums8hire,rent,let,employ&&&&&&&&&&&&hireout,rentout租给，租出hirefrom,rentfrom租进来let仅只出租房屋employ长期雇佣体力劳动者或聘用脑力劳动者hire短期雇佣体力劳动者Weemployedherasouradvisor.Thefactoryemployed500workers.Hehired2helpers.9dedicatededicatetoHededicatehisfirstbooktohismother.做献身，奉献解，比devote更正式而庄重10valiant英勇的morevaliantthemostvaliantbravefearlesscourageous11memoryinmemoryof/tothememoryofinsbshonor/inhonorofsbIfmymemoryservesmewell,youreTom.Notesonthetext1inreturnfor目的是为了换取。。。作为对。。。的回报Hegavemesomebooksinreturnformyhelp.2TherewasatimewhentheownersofshopsandbusinessesinChicagothattopaylargesumsofmoneytogangstersinreturnforprotection.when引导时间状语从句修饰time3putamanoutofbusiness使某人失业putsb./sth.outof...Youareputtingmeoutofpatience.putitoutofyourmind=forgetallaboutit4aslongagoas追溯回到=datingbacktoIknewJaneaslongastheyear1980.5maketheremarkablediscovery做出不同寻常的发现6本课难点wouldrather...than...(连接动词原形)wouldprefertodo...thando...wouldpreferdoing...todoing...wouldrather/wouldsooner+that引导的宾语从句（从句用过去时）7lifework毕生的工作8Sixhundredyearsago,SirJohanHawkwoodarrivedinItalywithabandofsoldiers（一帮士兵）andsettled（定居在......）nearFlorence.&&&&&&&&&&&&9makeanameforhimself:becomefamous10cometo/getto渐渐地Icometobeknowntomystudents.Igottoknowhim.11atwaratwarwith12intimesofpeace13marchinto14burndown烧毁burnup烧光burnout烧空Thehousewereburntoutleftonlyemptywalls.15wouldoffertogoaway:wouldpromisetogoaway16inspiteofthis尽管如此17givesb.astatefuneral给某人举行国葬&&&&&&&&lesson15Fiftypenceworthoftrouble&&&&TextChildrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Mumordad,ofcourse,providearegularsupplyofpocketmoney,butunclesandantsarealwaysasourceofextraincome.Withsomechildren,smallsumsgoalongway.Iffiftypencepiecesarenotexchangedforsweets,theyrattleformonthsinsidemoneyboxes.Onlyverythriftychildrenmanagetofillupamoneybox.Formostofthem,fiftypenceisasmallpricetopayforanicebigbarofchocolate.Mynephew,George,hasamoneyboxbutitisalwaysempty.VeryfewofthefiftypencepiecesandpoundcoinsIhavegivenhimhavefoundtheirwaythere.Igavehimfiftypenceyesterdayandadvisedhimtosaveit.Insteadheboughthimselffiftypenceworthoftrouble.Onhiswaytothesweetshop,hedroppedhisfiftypenceanditbouncedalongthepavementandthendisappeareddownadrain.Georgetookoffhisjacket,rolleduphissleevesandpushedisrightarmthroughthedraincover.Hecouldnotfindhisfiftypencepieceanywhere,andwhatismore,hecouldnogethisarmout.Acrowdofpeoplegatheredroundhimandaladyrubbedhisarmwithsoapandbutter,butGeorgewasfirmlystuck.ThefirebrigadewascalledandtwofirefighterfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofgrease.Georgewasnottooupsetbyhisexperiencebecausetheladywhoownsthesweetshopheardabouthistroublesandrewardedhimwithlargeboxofchocolates.Vocabulary1Appreciatev.欣赏,感激Thepoemistoodifficultformetoappreciate.Iappreciateyourhelp.=bethankful/gratefultosb&&&&&&&&&&&&2Pocketmoney零用钱Beermoney留给丈夫的零花钱Greenmoney美金Soft/foldingmoney纸币,钞票Hardmoney硬币3Thriftya.节俭的,不浪费的同义词:economical,4bouncev.弹起,跳起thecoinwasbounced.同义词:jump(跳跃);leap(跃);hop(单足跳);spring(弹跳,n.弹簧);skip(跳跃,略过)5stickv.卡住,不能再动;坚持,粘贴youmuststicktoyouridea.Stickthestampontheenvelop.Stickwith:忠实于=befaithfultoHisarmwasstuck.6Brigade:消防队Firebrigade=firestation7grease润滑油Notesonthetext1smallgiftofmoney零花钱这课采用了四种说法smallgiftofmoneyasourceofextraincomepocketmoneyextraincomeChildrenalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofmoney.Husbandsalwaysappreciatesmallgiftsofbeermoneyfromtheirwives.2providearegularsupplyof...定期地提供...providesth.forsb.providesb.withsth.3goalongway表示可以买很多东西，维持很久的时间Themoneywehavewillgoalongway.Withfrugalhousewives,theymadetheirsmallincomegoalongway.goalongwaytowards对。。。大有帮助Theywillgoalongwaytowardsovercomingthedifficulty.4withforfor关于，对于。。。来说，考虑到。。。的事实Forhim,thiswillbeanentirelynewhobby.with在某一方面，在与某物有关的某一方面，多用于二者的对比&&&&&&&&&&&&Somepeoplemayacceptthatexcuse,butitwontworkwithme.5pence便士复数形式是penniesafiftypence一个50便士的硬币afiftypennies50个1便士的硬币6rattle=tinkle叮当作响roar呼啸（重点突出老虎狮子等大动物的叫声）Thiscarroarbyme.shoutat=barkat大喊大叫Dontshoutathim.grunt咕咕哝哝的，哼哼唧唧的Heisgrunting.slam砰的一声7fillup填满up(1)up表示方向to表示目的地，谈话者所在地upto表示到达目的地towards朝向某个方向，不一定到达目的地(2)沿着，走向更远的地方，强调距离更远Theywalkedupthestreet.Thechildrenrunupthegardenpathtogreettheirfather.(3)系动词+up表示消费，摧毁，彻底用完，用光drinkupeatupuseup(4)积存，从少到多，积少成多Wemustlayupsomeboiledfoodforthewinter.(5)从河的上游到河的下游，河流入口处以上到源头的某一点TheyaresailinguptheThames.(6)包起来，封住，盖住buttonupwrapuplockupfastenupsaveupwashupdoup8ftypenceisasmallprice:fiftypenceisnotmuchmoneyasmallprice算不得什么Forhim,2000dollarsisnotasmallpricetopayforit.9findtheirwaythere:reach抵达，到达，找到自己的去处Riversfindtheirwaytothesea.Howdidsuchafoolishstatementfinditswayintoprint.Ihavejustboughtanewbookshelf,andallmybookshavealreadyfoundtheirwaythere.10rollvi.滚动Thepencilrolledunderthetable.rollvt.滚动Herolledtheballtowardsthepuppy.rollup卷起，挽起rollupyoursleevesrollupthecarpet&&&&&&&&&&&&11what引导的插入语起加强语气的作用whatismoreimportantwhatisworsewhatismorewhatisrare12gatherround13rubbedhisarmwithsth.14firmly坚定地，稳固地加强语气15ThefirebrigadewascalledandtwofirefighterfreedGeorgeusingaspecialtypeofgrease.using现在分词作状语，强调一种方式16reward...with用......来奖励某人&&&&&&&&Lesson16Maryhadalittlelamb&&&&&&&&TextMaryandherhusbandDimitrilivedinthetinyvillageofPerachorainsouthernGreece.OneofMarysprizepossessionswasalittlewhitelambwhichherhusbandhadgivenher.Shekeptittiedtoatreeinafieldduringthedayandwenttofetchiteveryevening.Oneevening,however,thelambwasmissing.Theropehadbeencut,soitwasobviousthatthelambhadbeenstolen.WhenDimitricameinfromthefields,hiswifetoldhimwhathadhappened.Dimitriatoncesetouttofindthethief.Heknewitwouldnotprovedifficultinsuchasmallvillage.Aftertellingseveralofhisfriendsaboutthetheft,Dimitrifoundoutthathisneighbour,Aleko,hadsuddenlyacquiredanewlamb.DimitriimmediatelywenttoAlekoshouseandangrilyaccusedhimofstealingthelamb.Hetoldhimhehadbetterreturnitorhewouldcallthepolice.AlekodeniedtakingitandledDimitriintohisbackyard.Itwastruethathehadjustboughtalamb,heexplained,buthislambwasblack.Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccusedhim.WhiletheyweretalkingitbegantorainandDimitristayedinAlekoshouseuntiltherainstopped.Whenhewentoutsidehalfanhourlater,hewasastonishedtofindthelittleblacklambwasalmostwhite.Itswool,whichhadbeendyedblack,hadbeenwashedcleanbytherain!&&&&&&&&VocabularyPrizea.珍贵的,宝贵的VPCDearMaryhasgotaprizelamb.Thecatisprizetotheoldlady.valued宝贵的worthwhile值得的worthy配得上的&&&&&&&&&&&&Tiev.拴,系TiesthtoItiedthedogtothetree.与有联系heistiredtohisfamily.n.领带，关系（强调血缘关系）theftn.偷盗行为，偷盗案hereportsthethefttothepolice.AccusesbofdoingsthAccuse比charge语义弱，accuse强调“严厉的指责”，charge强调“控告”Denyv.否认DenydoingsthHedeniedstealingthelamb.Hedeniedthetruth.Denysbnothing百依百顺Hedenieshiswifenothing.Denyoneself克制自己Onsomeoccasionswemustdenyourselves.Ashameda.感到羞耻的，惭愧beashamedof对。。。感到羞耻Heisashamedofbeingadustman.Shamefula.可耻的Thetheftisshameful.Shameless无耻的Thethiefisashamelessperson.Apologizev.道歉Apologizetosb(forsth)n.apologydyev.染dyetheclothblack.&&&&&&&&Notesonthetext1inthetinyvillageof...在一个名叫。。。的小山村inthebigcityofBeijinginthebeautifulcityofParis2possession所有物WhatIpossessisvaluable.&&&&&&&&&&&&=Mypossessionarevaluable.belonging(s)随身携带物3keepkeep后的复合宾语（宾语补足语）可以是形容词，介词，和分词。Shekeptittiedtoatreeinafieldduringthedayandwenttofetchiteveryevening.和过去分词搭配做宾补，过去分词和宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系如果宾补和宾语是主谓关系，那么要用现在分词Ikepttheboystandingoutside.4Itisobviousthat...5setouttodosth.6prove是系动词Heknewitwouldnotprovedifficultinsuchasmallvillage.7tellsbaboutsth=reportsth.tosb.8or.../orelse...Hecantbeillorhecouldnthavecome.Yourroomissodirty,clearitpromptly,orelse...9Itistruethat...Itistruethattheworkishard,butwewillfinishitahead.10Ashamedofhavingactedsorashly,DimitriapologizedtoAlekoforhavingaccusedhim.现在分词结构（形容词结构）作状语，在这里相当于原因状语，放在主句前后均可Angryateverybodyhere,heleftsuddenly.Anxiousforaquickdecision,hecalledhisfriends.Nervous,themanopenedtheletter.&&&&&&&&Specialdifficulties1keep的复合结构2hadbetterdosth.hadbetternotdosth.&&&&&&&&Lesson17Thelongestsuspension&&&&TextVerrazano,anItalianaboutwhomlittleisknown,sailedintoNewYorkHarbourin1524andnameditAngouleme.Hedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver.ThoughVerrazanoisbynomeansconsideredtobeagreatexplorer,hisnamewillprobablyremainimmortal,foronNovember21st,1964,thelongestsuspensionbridgeintheworldwasnamedafterhim.TheVerrazanoBridge,whichwasdesignedbyOthmarAmmann,joinsBrooklyntoStatenIsland.Ithasaspanof4,260feet.Thebridgeissolongthattheshapeoftheearthhadtobetakenintoaccountbyitsdesigner.Twogreattowerssupportfourhugec&&&&&&&&&&&&ables.Thetowersarebuiltonimmenseunderwaterplatformsmakeofsteelandconcrete.Theplatformsextendtoadepthofover100feetunderthesea.Thesealonetooksixteenmonthstobuild.Abovethesurfaceofthewater,thetowersrisetoaheightofnearly700feet.Theysupportthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.Eachofthefourcablescontains26,108lengthsofwire.Ithasbeenestimatedthatifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.However,sizeandstrengtharenottheonlyimportantthingsaboutthisbridge.Despiteitsimmensity,itisbothsimpleandelegant,fulfillingitsdesignersdreamtocreateanenormousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible.VocabularySuspensionn.悬，吊SuspensionbridgeSuspendvt.悬挂；Thelightissuspendedfromtheceiling.thetrainwassuspendedbecauseoftheheavyrain.Suspensen.担心，挂念，悬念Thewonderfulfilmgivemeadeepimpressionbecauseofitssuspense.Hedidn’ttellusthetruthandkeptmeinsuspenseallday.Suspendersn.吊袜带Suspended推迟的，延期的Agreeablea.宜人的Todayisagreeable.AgreeablesituationHishouseisintheagreeablesituation.Situationn.地点，地方=locationSituate=locateBesituated=belocatedBeijingislocatedinthenorthofchina.IslocatedtoJapanislocatedtotheeastofchina.EstimateUnderestimateOverestimateDontunderestimatenoroverestimate.Ataroughestimate,thecarisworth500thousandRMB.Estimationn.判断Inmyestimation在我看来Capacityn.承受量,做某事的能力Areyouclearaboutthecapacityofthecinema?Haveacapacityfordoingsomething&&&&&&&&&&&&HaveacapacitytodoAbilityHaveabilitytodosth拥有做某事的能力而且完全做到了Wehaveabilitytofinishtheworkintwodays.Capability内在的潜能Havecapabilityofdoing/todoEverychildhascapabilityoflearningaforeignlanguagewell.Faculty侧重于主观的能力thefacultyofsingingCompetence胜任工作的能力、资格Ihavecompetenceforthejob.Eleganta.优雅的，还表示人的举止很得体、大方Thesuspensionbridgeiselegant.Theladyiselegant.Graceful强调一个人的体型Delicatea.精致的&&&&&&&&NotesonthetextVerrazano,anItalianaboutwhomlittleisknown,sailedintoNewYorkHarbourin1524andnameditAngouleme.sailedinto...---句子的主干aboutwhom---ItalianHedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidstofwhichflowedagreatriver.describesth.as...同类的动词还有see,view,lookupon,recognize,regard,treat,accept.Ishoulddescribetheattemptasafailure.Hismotherregardshimasagenius.Iaccepthiswordsastrue.located过去分词做定语修饰限制situationIlikethevillagelocatedwithintwosmallhills.inthemidstofwhich---which指代twosmallhillsinthemidstof/inthemiddleofThecarisgoinginthemiddleofthestreet.inthemiddleofnightthough,although,eventhough用了though,although不能用but强调转折关系可以用yetbynomeans:notbyanymeans,notatallItisbynomeanspleasanttotakeacrowdedbus.&&&&&&&&&&&&Heisntsatisfiedwithajobbyanymeans.Heisntsatisfiedwithajobatall.表达一点也不的还有innowayinnocaseinnosenseinnocircumstancesundernocircumstancesatnotimeonnoaccountbenamedaftersb.=benamedforsb.=takeonesnamefromaspanof跨度，桥长takeintoaccount=takeintoconsideration=takeaccountofWehavetotakethedateintoaccountwhenwehavethemeeting.support:holdupextend:reach,stretch,continuearailwayextendtothenextcityriseto(thehightof...)上升到Theysupportthecablesfromwhichthebridgehasbeensuspended.which指代thecables本课重点Ithasbeenestimatedthat...Itissaid...Itisreported...Ithasbeenexpected...&&&&&&&&ifthebridgewerepackedwithcars,itwouldstillonlybecarryingathirdofitstotalcapacity.packedwith...:filledwith...Despiteitsimmensity,itisbothsimpleandelegant,fulfillingitsdesignersdreamtocreateanenormousobjectdrawnasfaintlyaspossible.immensity---sizefulfilling分词做状语表示结果Thebuswasheldupbythesnowstorm,causingthedelay.Herhusbanddiedin1970,leavingherandhertwochildren.Atlast,hepassedhisexamination,fulfillinghisdreamtogoaboard.&&&&&&&&&&&&SpecialDifficultiesHeisbynomeansconsideredtobeagreatexplorer.Insteadofsaying:Ifindthatheisquiteunsuitableforthejob.Wecansay:Ifindhimtobequiteunsuitableforthejob.同类的动词有believe,consider,find,declare,feel,know,suppose,think,presume,estimate,understand.Iconsiderthatheisthebestcandidate.---Iconsiderhimtobethebestcandidate.Exercise1VerrazanoisanItalian.Weknowlittleabouthim.2TheydontconsiderthatVarrazanoisagreatexplore.3Theytakehisnamefromthegreatestbridgeintheworld.4Hehadtotaketheshapeoftheearthintoconsideration.5Theyhaveestimatedthebridgetobepackedwithcars...1Ibelievedhimtoownpropertyabroad.2TheMinisterdeclaredthetreatytobeinvalid.3Iknowhimtobeapersonofhighintefrity.4Iguesshimtobeabouttwenty-sevenyearsold.5Weestimatedthispicturetobeworthatleast500pounds.linkwith把。。。与。。。连起来=joinintoattachto把。。。牢牢系上relateto(with)在。。。之间建立联系take承纳，装载sustain支撑，承受endure经受，承受痛苦receive收到&&&&&&&&Lesson18ElectricCurrentsinmodernart&&&&TextModernsculpturerarelysurprisesusanymore.Theideathatmodernartcanonlybeseeninmuseumsismistaken.Evenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannothavefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodernsculptureondisplayinpublicplaces.Strangeformsstandingardens,andoutsidebuildingsandshops.Wehavegotquiteusedtothem.Someso-calledmodernpieceshavebeenondisplayfornearlyeightyyears.Inspiteofthis,somepeople--includingmyself--weresurprisebyarecentexhibitionofmodernsculpture.ThefirstthingIsawwhenIenteredtheartgallerywasanotice&&&&&&&&&&&&whichsaid:Donottouchtheexhibits.Someofthemaredangerous!Theobjectsondisplaywerepiecesofmovingsculpture.Oddlyshapedformsthataresuspendedformtheceilingandmoveinresponsetoagustofwindarequitefamiliartoeverybody.Theseobjects,however,weredifferent.Linedupagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.Thesphereshadbeenmagnetizedandattractedorrepelledeachotherallthetime.Inthecentreofthehall,therewereanumberoftallstructureswhichcontainedcolouredlights.Theselightsflickeredcontinuouslyliketrafficlightswhichhavegonemad.Sparkswereemittedfromsmallblackboxesandredlampsflashedonandoffangrily.Itwasratherlikeanexhibitionofprehistoricelectronicequipment.Thesepeculiarformsnotonlyseemeddesignedtoshockpeopleemotionally,buttogivethemelectricshocksaswell!VocabularyCurrentn.theflowofelectricity电流continuousmovementofwater水流a.目前的，现在的currentaffairs时事currencyn.流通（货币）currentlyadv.普遍地，通常地，现在，当前sculpturala.雕刻的，雕刻般的sculptorn.雕塑家mistakena.incorrect,wrong,misunderstoodTheteacherhasmistakenopinionofhispupil.Hedoesn’tusesimpleplainlanguageandhsisoftenmistaken.Makeamistake/bymistake弄错了Hetookmyumbrellabymistake.Andnomistake确实如此、Heishonestandnomistake.Vt.mistakesbfor把某人误认为Yesterday,Imistookhimformyclassmate.Exhibitn.展品，陈列品showinpublicExhibition展览会Wewenttoanexhibitiontovisitexhibit.Oddlya.古怪地Odda.古怪的,引少见而感到奇怪Strange因陌生而奇怪Queera.奇特的（因不同而奇怪）Look,heiswearingaqueerhat.Fantastica.奇妙的Eccentric怪癖的Heisaneccentricperson.&&&&&&&&&&&&Attachv.系，拴，粘上，贴上Heattachthelambtoatree.Attachtosbforsth因为某事而把加在某人身上Wedidn’tattachblametohimforhisfailure.Attachimportancetosth对某事非常重视Weattachimportancetoeducation.Beattachedtosth喜欢，喜爱Iamveryattachedtoher.Attachmentn.固定，爱慕，友情，附着Magnetizevt.使有磁性，吸引Theironwasmagnetized.Hisspeechmagnetizedthelisteners.Repelvt.todriveback排斥Causefeelingsofdislike使反感，厌恶Thedifferentsexesattracteachotherandthesamesexesrepelonthecontrary.Letmegoatonce,yourepelme.你让我恶心Emitv.giveoff放射Emitsound/emitsmell/emitlightFlickerv.闪烁Flashv.闪光shineforamoment只闪一次Peculiara.奇异的strangeandunusualThefoodhaspeculiartaste.Iamfeelingratherpeculiar.Shockv.令人震惊，刺激人Getshocked受震动Atthenews,hegotshockedn.震惊getabigshockemotionallyadv.感情上emotionala.易激动的，情绪的，感情脆弱的Ithinkyouagreewithme,womenareoftensaidtobemoreemotionalthanmen.反义词：unemotionalemotionn.感情，如love,hatred,andgriefareemotions.Feelingn.某时的内心感受Icantdescribemyfeelingnow.Emotivea.引起情绪反应的Thewordhomeismoreemotivethanhouse.&&&&&&&&&&&&NotesonthetextModernsculpturerarelysurprisesusanymore.rarely:seldom,scarcelyWearenotsurprisedatmodernsculpture....Theideathatmodernartcanonlybeseeninmuseumsismistaken.that引导同位语从句，修饰限定theidea的内容TheideathatonecanonlylearnEnglishwellinEnglish-speakingcountriesismistaken.Evenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannothavefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodernsculptureondisplayinpublicplaces.whotakenointerestinart修饰说明peopletakeinterestintakedelightintakeprideinfailedto双重否定意味着肯定，加强语气Hemusthavepassedhisexaminationlastweek.--Hecannothavefailedtopasshisexaminationlastweek.Youmustkeepyourpromise.---Youcannotfailtokeepyourpromise.ondisplay/onshowEvenpeoplewhotakenointerestinartcannothavefailedtonoticeexamplesofmodernsculptureondisplayinpublicplaces....---Wecanseesculptureseverywhere.Someso-calledmodernpieceshavebeenondisplayfornearlyeightyyears.夸张的手法inspiteofthis尽管如此somepeople---includingmyself---作者表明了自己的观点重点句型Thefirstthing...wasanoticewhichsaid...定语从句省略thatOddlyshapedformsthataresuspendedformtheceilingandmoveinresponsetoagustofwindarequitefamiliartoeverybody.that引导的定语从句用来限定shapedformsarefamiliarto...做谓语主句是Oddlyshapedformsarefamiliartoeverybody.&&&&&&&&&&&&that引导的定语从句中inresponseto=inreactiontobefamiliartosb.对某人来讲很熟悉Thehouseisfamiliartohim.IdontreallyrememberwhereIhaveseenhimbefore,buthelooksveryfamiliartome.familiarwith熟知+sth.AreyoufamiliarwiththeplayofShakespeare?Iamfamiliarwiththatbooktoo.Linedupagainstthewall,therewerelongthinwiresattachedtometalspheres.linedup过去分词做状语,与longthinwires为被动关系定语从句therewerelongthinwiresthatwereattachedtometalspherescolouredlights彩灯continuously不停止地Thelightflickeredcontinuously.onandoff不停地Ithasbeenrainingonandoffsincenoon.gomad/runmadHemusthavegonemadtodosuchathing.Itwasratherlike...=Itwasmorelike...notonly...but....aswell.seem是系动词+名词/形容词/分词Lesson19AverydearcatTextKidnappersarerarelyinterestedinanimals,buttheyrecentlytookconsiderableinterestinMrs.EleanorRamsayscat.Mrs.EleanorRamsay,averywealthyoldlady,hassharedaflatwithhercat,Rastus,foragreatmanyyears.Rastusleadsanorderlylife.Heusuallytakesashortwalkintheeveningsandisalwayshomebysevenoclock.Oneevening,however,hefailedtoarrive.Mrs.Ramsaygotveryworried.Shelookedeverywhereforhimbutcouldnotfindhim.ThreedaysafterRastusdisappearance,Mrs.Ramsayreceivedananonymousletter.ThewriterstatedthatRastuswasinsafehandsandwouldbereturnedimmediatelyifMrs.Ramsaypaidaransomof$1,000.Mrs.Ramsaywasinstructedtoplacethemoneyinacardboardboxandtoleaveitoutsideherdoor.Atfirstshedecidedtogotothepolice,butfearingthatshewouldneverseeRastusagain--theletterhadmadethatq&&&&&&&&&&&&uiteclear--shechangedhermind.Shewithdrew$1000fromherbankandfollowedthekidnappersinstructions.Thenextmorning,theboxhaddisappearedbutMrs.Ramsaywassurethatthekidnapperwouldkeephisword.Sureenough,Rastusarrivedpunctuallyatsevenoclockthatevening.Helookedverywellthoughhewasratherthirsty,forhedrankhalfabottleofmilk.ThepolicewereastoundedwhenMrs.Ramsaytoldthemwhatshehaddone.SheexplainedthatRastuswasverydeartoher.Consideringtheamountshepaid,hewasdearinmorewaysthanone!&&&&&&&&Vocabularydearadj.Icantaffordthecarbecauseitstoodear.Thecatistoodeartome.ThelambisdeartoMary.costsomebodydear花了某人很多钱kidnapperkidnapTheykidnapped4hostages.Considerablea.相当大的Hehasgotaconsiderablesuccess.considerably:much,great,agreatdealconsiderate体贴的Areyouconsideratetoyourwife?considered考虑到的allthingsconsidered就各方面而言Considering考虑到...prep.Consideringhisage,thelittleboyreadsverywell.Considering(that)也可作副词HestudiesEnglishwell,considering(allthingsisconsidered).就各方面而言，他英语学得相当好。Ransomn.赎金PayransomtosomebodyTheoldladypaidaransomofonethousandpoundstothekidnapper.HoldsbtoransomTheykidnappedtheboyandheldhimtoransom.Punctuallyadv.准时地(不早也不晚)Punctuala.Punctualityn.&&&&&&&&&&&&Astoundv.使吃惊，语意程度比surpise要强得多Astonish强于surpriseAmazeastoundhewasastoundedtohearofherdeath.Theywereamazedtofindthelazygirlcameveryearly.Surprisingsurprised&&&&&&&&Notesonthetexttakeinterestintakegreatinterestinsharesth.withsb.Isharetheroomwithmyfriends.ordinarylife:disciplinelife有规律的生活区别于regular有规则的after和名词搭配threedaysafter~arrivedstate:sayformallyinsafehandsinstruct:tellformallybeinstructtodosth.makeitcleartosb.thatTheteacherhasmadeitcleartousthatwemustreadEnglishaloudeveryday.keephisword:keephispromiseword表示诺言，用单数keephiswordbreakhiswordgivesb.oneswordasgoodasoneswordgobackononeswordsureenough果然，侧重强调确实如此Isaiditwouldhappen,andsureenoughitdidhappen.&&&&&&&&&&&&inmorewaysthanone在许多方面来讲dear双重意义：心疼；昂贵&&&&&&&&Lesson20Pioneerpilots&&&&TextIn1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeof$1,000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.Overayearpassedbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.OnJuly19th,1909,intheearlymorning,HubertLathamtookofffromtheFrenchcoastinhisplanetheAntoinetteIV.HehadtravelledonlysevenmilesacrosstheChannelwhenhisenginefailedandhewasforcedtolandonsea.TheAntoinettefloatedonthewateruntilLathamwaspickedupbyaship.Twodaysalter,LouisBleriotarrivednearCalaiswithaplanecalledNo.XI.Bleriothadbeenmakingplanessince1905andthiswashislatestmodel.Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecoveredtwenty-sixmiles.Latham,however,didnotgiveupeasily.He,too,arrivednearCalaisonthesamedaywithanewAntoinette.ItlookedasiftherewouldbeanexcitingraceacrosstheChannel.BothplanesweregoingtotakeoffonJuly25th,butLathamfailedtogetupearlyenough,Aftermakingashorttestflightat4,15a.m.,Bleriotsetoffhalfanhourlater.Hisgreatflightlastedthirty-sevenminutes.WhenhelandednearDover,thefirstpersontogreethimwasalocalpoliceman.LathammadeanotherattemptaweeklaterandgotwithinhalfamileofDover,buthewasunluckyagain.Hisenginefailedandhelandedontheseaforthesecondtime.Vocabularypioneern.先驱youngpioneer同义词：advocatevt.开创，倡导pioneeradulteducationlordn.对（英国贵族）的尊称，勋爵lordlesslordshipduke公爵marquis侯爵earl伯爵viscount子爵baron男爵overlanda.陆上的＝bylandovernight一夜之间的无君主的君权&&&&&&&&lordly傲慢地&&&&&&&&&&&&overpopulated人口众多的overseas海外的over+动词,表示超过overeatoversleepoverwork工作过量overcharge索要价钱过高overestimate&&&&&&&&NotesonthetextIn1908LordNorthcliffeofferedaprizeof$1,000tothefirstmanwhowouldflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.who引导定语从句修饰thefirstman还可以说thefirstmantoflyacrosstheEnglishChannel.序数词和动词不定式搭配连用，可以代替其后的定语从句Shewasheonlyonetosurviveintheplanecrash.Overayearpassedbeforethefirstattemptwasmade.before引导的时间状语从句前没有出现段时间，则最佳译法为：才......attempt尝试inonesattemptShefailedinherattempttoswimtheChannel.makeanattemptonHemadeanattemptonthemountain.makeattempttodoHemadeattempttorunaway.makenoattempttodofail原意为“失败，忽视”Shefailedtowintheprize.WhenIsawhim,mywordsfailedme.当我见到他时，说不出来话了。beforcedtodopickupwithaplane驾驶着一架飞机with具有，带有hadbeenmakingplanes&&&&&&&&&&&&Aweekbefore,hehadcompletedasuccessfuloverlandflightduringwhichhecoveredtwenty-sixmiles.duringwhich---duringflightItlookedasif:Itsee&&&&medthat似乎，看起来makeashorttestflightmakeanotherattempt本课重点介词和关系代词连用当定语从句的关系代词是介词的宾语时，能把可移位的介词提前放在关系代词的前面——正式在非正式问题和口语当中，介词一般要放在从句的末尾。ThisisthepersonaboutwhomIwastellingyou.Isthisthebookforwhichyouaskedme?决定介词位置的4个因素1如果是口语，介词位于句尾，同时关系代词可以省略2非正式问题，介词位于从句句尾3有些动词加介词构成介词词组，被看作是不可分隔的语言单位，这时介词必须紧跟动词不可移位，如：takeafteraccountforholdon4在很多情况下，介词和关系代词构成独立的介词短语，在句中起状语的作用，与从句的谓语动词毫无关系，而不是谓语动词的一部分，这时介词始终位于谓语动词之前Hedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhills.Inthemidstoftwosmallhills,flowedagreatriver.---Hedescribeditasaveryagreeablesituationlocatedwithintwosmallhillsinthemidistofwhichflowedagreatriver.&&&&&&&&参考译文1908年，诺斯克利夫勋爵拿出1,000英镑，作为对第一个飞越英吉利海峡的人的奖励。然而一年多过去了才有人出来尝试。日凌晨，休伯特.莱瑟姆驾驶“安特瓦特4号”飞机从法国海岸起飞，但他只在海峡上空飞行7英里，引擎就发生了故障，他只好降落在海面上。“安特瓦特”号飞机在海上漂浮，后来有船经过，莱瑟姆方才获救。两天之后，路易斯.布莱里奥驾驶一名为“11号”的飞机来到加来附近。布莱里奥从1905年起便开始研制飞机，“11号”飞机是他制作的最新型号。一周以前，他曾成功地进行了一次26英里的陆上飞行。但是莱瑟姆不肯轻易罢休。同一天，他驾驶一架新的“安特瓦特”号飞机来到了加来附近。看来会有一场激烈的飞越英吉利海峡的竞争。两天飞机都打算在7月25日起飞，但莱瑟姆那天起床晚了。布莱里奥凌晨4点15分作了一次短距离试飞，半小时后便正式出发了。他这次伟大的飞行持续37分钟。当他在多佛着陆后，第一个迎接他的是当地一名警察。莱瑟姆一周以后也作了一次尝试，飞到离多佛不到半英里的地方。这次他又遭厄运，因引擎故障第二次降落在海面上。&&&&&&&&lesson21DannielMendoza&&&&&&&&&&&&TextBoxingmatcheswereverypopularinEnglandtwohundredyearsago.Inthosedays,boxersfoughtwithbarefistsforprizemoney.Becauseofthis,theywereknownasprizefighters.However,boxingwasverycrude,forthesewerenorulesandaprizefightercouldbeseriouslyinjuredorevenkilledduringamatch.OneofthemostcolourfulfiguresinboxinghistorywasDanielMendoza,whowasbornin1764.Theuseofgloveswasnotintroduceduntil1860,whentheMarquisofQueensberrydrewupthefirstsetofrules.Thoughhewastechnicallyaprizefighter,Mendozadidmuchtochangecrudeprizefightingintoasport,forhebroughtsciencetothegame.Inthisday,Mendozaenjoyedtremendouspopularity.Hewasadoredbyrichandpooralike.Mendozarosetofameswiftlyafteraboxingmatchwhenhewasonlyfourteenyearsold.ThisattractedtheattentionofRichardHumphrieswhowasthenthemosteminentboxerinEngland.HeofferedtotrainMendozaandhisyoungpupilwasquicktolearn.Infact,MendozasoonbecamesosuccessfulthatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.Thetwomenquarrelledbitterlyanditwasclearthattheargumentcouldonlybesettledbyafight.AmatchwasheldatStilton,wherebothmenfoughtforanhour.ThepublicbetagreatdealofmoneyonMendoza,buthewasdefeated.MendozametHumphriesintheringonalateroccasionandhelostforasecondtime.Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionofEngland.Meanwhile,hefoundedahighlysuccessfulAcademyandevenLordByronbecameoneofhispupils.Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyandwaspaidasmuchas$100forasingleappearoneofhispupils.Heearnedenormoussumsofmoneyandwaspaidasmuchas$100forasingleappearance.Despitethis,hewassoextravagantthathewasalwaysindebt.AfterhewasdefeatedbyaboxercalledGentlemanJackson,hewasquicklyforgotten.Hewassenttoprisonforfailingtopayhisdebtsanddiedinpovertyin1836.Vocabularybarea.赤裸的=bareleggednaked全裸he’swalkinginbarefeet.heisnaked.nude:a.表示光秃秃的;n.裸体crudea.粗野的becrudetosbheiscrudetothegirl.Rude:语气弱于crudePopularityn.名望(受人欢迎的状态)Instantfoodsaregettinginpopularity.Popularsongsareinpopularity.&&&&&&&&&&&&Popular=inpopularityPopularwithFameReputation---荣誉Theactorrosetofameveryquickly.Ifthesecretwasreviewed,theman’sreputationwillbedestroyed.Adorev.worship,lovedeeply崇拜,爱戴Moreandmorepeopleadorethefamousactress.Alikeadv.一样地=aswell,equallyHewasadoredbyrich,andpooralike.Eminenta.著名的,杰出的=distinguishedEminentscientistBitterlya.厉害的Itisblowingbitterly.Bittera.苦的,辛酸的,刺骨的Bitterpillsmayhavesomeholdereffects.Betv.打赌BetonsthThepublicbetonsb.Betsbthat和某人打赌Betone’sbottomdollaronsb对某人孤注一掷Betonthewronghorse对未来作出错误估计Ibet.Youbet.Extravaganta.浪费的,奢侈的ExtravaganthabitThriftyfrugaleconomicala.节俭的&&&&&&&&Povertyn.thestateofbeingverypoorInpovertyIndulgencen.贫困(正式)Destitutionn.赤贫Penuryn.拮据Notesonthetextinthosedays当时&&&&&&&&&&&&theywereknownasprizefighterbeknownas被称作......inpopularityfoughtwithbarefists赤手空拳地打斗oneofthemostcolourfulfigures=oneofthemostfamouspeopleintroduce:bringindrewup起草drewupaplandrewupthefirstsetofrulesinhisday=inhisfulltime=inhisgoodday在他的全盛时期risetofame=becomefamousattractsomebodysattention=attracttheattentionofsomebody吸引某人的注意力bequicktolearn一学就会Infact,MendozasoonbecamesosuccessfulthatHumphriesturnedagainsthim.turnagainst反目成仇，成为死对头Thetwomenquarrelledbitterly.bitterly:severelyAmatchwasheldatStilton,wherebothmenfoughtforanhour.以where引导的从句作Sitilton的定语，非限制性定语从句Itwasnotuntilhisthirdmatchin1790thathefinallybeatHumphriesandbecameChampionofEngland.强调句Itis/was(not)until..that....被强调部分notuntilhisthirdmatchin1790放在Itwas后，句子的其他部分放在引导词that后beindebt欠债&&&&&&&&&&&&besenttoprison被送进监狱inpovertyDifficultiesinexerciseexceptionally--unusually不同寻常的marvellously=wonderfully奇妙的singly单独的unequally独一无二的anexceptionallybeautifulgirlbeat=defeat打败，击败conquer征服gain赢得，获得win赢得（比赛）&&&&&&&&Lesson22Byheart&&&&TextSomeplaysaresosuccessfulthattheyrunforyearsonend,Inmanyways,thisisunfortunateforthepooractorswhoarerequiredtogoonrepeatingthesamelinesnightafternight.Onewouldexpectthemtoknowtheirpartsbyheartandneverhavecausetofalter.Yetthisisnotalwaysthecase.AfamousactorinahighlysuccessfulplaywasoncecastintheroleofanaristocratwhohadbeenimprisonedintheBastillefortwentyyears.Inthelastact,agaolerwouldalwayscomeontothestagewithaletterwhichhewouldhandtotheprisoner.Eventhoughthenoblewasexpectedtoreadtheletterateachperformance,healwaysinsistedthatitshouldbewrittenoutinfull.Onenight,thegaolerdecidedtoplayajokeonhiscolleaguetofindoutif,aftersomanyperformances,hehadmanagedtolearnthecontentsoftheletterbyheart.Thecurtainwentuponthefinalactoftheplayandrevealedthearistocratsittingalonebehindbarsinhisdarkcell.Justthen,thegaolerappearedwiththepreciousletterinhisbands.Heenteredthecellandpresentedthelettertothearistocrat.Butthecopyhegavehimhadnotbeenwrittenoutinfullasusual.Itwassimplyablanksheetofpaper.Thegaolerlookedoneagerly,anxioustoseeifhisfellowactorhadatlastlearnthislines.Thenoblestaredattheblanksheetofpaperforafewseconds.Then,squintinghiseyes,hesaid:Thelightisdim.Readthelette}