ipratropium bromide & 异丙托品/异丙托溴铵
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ipratropium bromideChinese translation: 异丙托品/异丙托溴铵
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GLOSSARY ENTRY (DERIVED FROM QUESTION BELOW)English term or phrase:ipratropium bromideChinese translation:异丙托品/异丙托溴铵Entered by: Options:- - 04:44 Mar 13, 2007English to Chinese translations [PRO]Medical - Medical: Pharmaceuticals / PharmaEnglish term or phrase: ipratropium bromide"ipratropium bromide" in Chinese is?Local time: 14:20Explanation:英汉药物词汇Selected response from: United StatesLocal time: 01:20Grading commentThanks, Yueyin.4 KudoZ points were awarded for this answer Summary of answers provided5 +24
4 mins & confidence:
peer agreement (net): +2异丙托品/异丙托溴铵 Explanation:英汉药物词汇United StatesLocal time: 01:20Native speaker of: ChinesePRO pts in category: Grading commentThanks, Yueyin. Peer comments on this answer (and responses from the answerer)&
9 mins & confidence: 溴化异丙托品 Explanation:ChinaLocal time: 14:20Specializes in fieldNative speaker of: ChinesePRO pts in category:
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请问谁知道如何准备AMC的MCQ考试。我这里只有份样题Nine days after anterior resection of the rectum in an obese 57-year-old man, his left leg becomes swollen with tenderness of the calf. He has a slight fever and tachycardia. The MOST IMPORTANT aspect of his treatment WOULD be
(A) elevation of the foot of the bed.
(B) an elastic stocking.
(C) anticoagulant therapy with heparin.
(D) insertion of an inferior vena caval filter.
(E) ligation of the left femoral vein. The RISK of spontaneous abortion following second trimester amniocentesis is
(B) 1:200.
(C) 1:500.
(D) 1:1000.
(E) 1:2000. In regard to large bowel cancer, all the following statements are true EXCEPT
(A) the risk of developing bowel cancer is significantly increased in first degree relatives of patients with the disease.
(B) patients with large bowel cancer have approximately a three-fold increase in the risk of developing a subsequent bowel cancer.
(C) patients with colonic adenomas have an increased risk of developing bowel cancer.
(D) tubular adenomas are more likely to become cancers than villous adenomas.
(E) patients with Crohn colitis have an increased risk of developing cancer of the bowel than normal people. A 22-year-old woman presents with painful dysphagia. There is a past history of Raynaud phenomenon. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy reveals ulcerative oesophagitis, which proves resistant to double dose (800mg, b.d.) cimetidine therapy. An oesophageal manometry study demonstrate the lower oesophageal sphincter is not identified. Which one of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE treatment?
(A) Fundoplication.
(B) Omeprazole.
(C) Octreotide.
(D) Pneumatic dilatation of the lower oesophageal sphincter.
(E) Ranitidine. In assessing progress of a patient with a head injury the MOST IMPORTANT clinical observation is
(A) examination of the fundi.
(B) state of the pupils.
(C) level of consciousness.
(D) plantar responses.
(E) blood pressure.
A multigravida presents at 37 weeks gestation, not in labour, with a breech presentation and ruptured membranes. What should be done INITIALLY?
(A) Immediate caesarean section.
(B) Emergency radiological pelvimetry.
(C) Vaginal examination.
(D) Set up an oxytocin infusion.
(E) Urgent ultrasound scan.
Ovulation is MOST ACCURATELY CONFIRMED by which one of the following?
(A) Elevation of plasma progesterone in the luteal phase.
(B) Biphasic change in the temperature chart.
(C) Detection of a rise in plasma LH at midcycle.
(D) Alteration in cervical mucus.
(E) Plasma oestradiol peak at midcycle.
Of the following factors which is MOST important in determing the overall prognosis in a patient with a malignant melanoma?
(A) Depth of invasion in the skin and subcutaneous tissues.
(B) Previous history of irradiation in the area.
(C) The number of mitotic figures in the microscopic specimen.
(D) The level of carcinoembryonic antigen.
(E) Previous history of depigmentation of a pigmented naevus. A 32-year-old multigravid woman has just been delivered of a 3600 g infant after successful oxytocin induction of labour at 42-weeks of gestation. With gentle traction on the umbilical cord the uterus suddenly inverted and is now approximately 10 cm outside of the introitus. The MOST APPROPRIATE treatment is
(A) attempt immediate replacement of the uterus.
(B) remove the placenta and then attempt replacement of the uterus.
(C) magnesium sulphate 4-6 g intravenously over 5-10 min, then attempt replacement of the uterus.
(D) terbutaline 0.25 mg subcutaneously, then attempt replacement of the uterus.
(E) ritodrine hydrochloride 350 ug intravenous bolus, then attempt replacement of the uterus. Cardiac auscultation reveals accentuation of the first heart sound at the apex, accentuation of the second pulmonary sound and a presystolic murmur at the apex. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is
(A) pulmonary stenosis.
(B) mitral stenosis.
(C) aortic stenosis.
(D) mitral incompetence.
(E) functional heart murmur. A 19-year-old woman, prescribed a triphasic oral contraceptive for the first time one month ago, complains of frequent spotting. The MOST APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT is to
(A) increase the dose of oestrogen.
(B) increase the dose of progestogen.
(C) advise alternative contraception.
(D) continue the medication and review in two months.
(E) change to a biphasic pill. A 32-year-old woman, G5, P4, at 32 weeks gestation is admitted to hospital because of mild, bright red vaginal bleeding amounting to approximately 100 mL. Her last two children were born by lower uterine segment caesarean section. She has no pain or contractions. Vital signs are stable within the normal range. Fetal heart rate is 140 beats/min and regular and the CTG shows no decelerations and good beat to beat variation. Intravenous fluids are started, and blood is drawn for typing, cross-matching, and complete blood count. In addition to bed rest, management at this time SHOULD INCLUDE
(A) a rectal examination.
(B) a vaginal examination.
(C) beta sympathomimetic agents.
(D) immediate caesarean section.
(E) observation and further investigation. The MOST COMMON cause of blood-stained stool in an otherwise normal infant is
(A) anal fissure.
(B) anal fistula.
(C) haemorrhoids.
(D) Meckel diverticulitis.
(E) intussusception. A 30-year-old man is awakened during the night by very severe pain in the right loin. He feels nauseated and sweaty. The pain comes and goes over intervals of about 10 min but seems better when he gets out of bed. He notices bright blood in his urine but does not see or hear a stone being passed. He is afebrile and plain X-ray of his urinary tract shows an opacity 5 mm by 3 mm in the line of the ureter just below the right sacroiliac joint. You SHOULD
(A) advise him to go to bed to ease the pain.
(B) send him to a urologist for urgent retrieval of the stone via cystoscopy.
(C) tell him to drink lots of water, prescribe appropriate analgesia and have him return for a repeat X-ray within 2 days.
(D) prescribe him allopurinol and a thiazide diuretic straight away.
(E) advise him to avoid all dairy foods and foods containing calcium. A 34-year-old married woman has sought your advice on chronic and fluctuating food intolerance, accompanied by nausea, vomiting spells, abdominal pain, bloating and diarrhoea. She tells you that she has been "sickly" for most of the last 20 years of her life since puberty, and has had a lot of gynaecological investigations for severe dysmenorrhoea, excessive menstrual bleeding and dyspareunia. She has consulted a number of neurologists for trouble with walking, muscle weakness and fainting spells for which she was prescribed anticonvulsants, with little benefit. A cardiologist had prescribed a beta-blocker for episodes of palpitations accompanied by chest pain and breathlessness, and a rheumatologist had given her a trial of various anti-inflammatory drugs for small joint pain and lumbago with only temporary relief. Your physical examination revealed that she is apparently tense and anxious despite diazepam 15 mg daily, and that she has abdominal scars from a previous appendicectomy and separate hysterectomy. The MOST LIKELY psychiatric diagnosis that this woman has is
(A) somatisation disorder.
(B) hypochondriasis.
(C) conversion disorder.
(D) Munchausen syndrome.
(E) factitious illness. A 65-year-old overweight man complains of recent misty vision on sunny days. His vision, when tested, is 6/18 right and left. Which one of the following is the MOST LIKELY basis of his complaint?
(A) Chronic simple glaucoma.
(B) Myopia.
(C) Cataract.
(D) Macular degeneration.
(E) Diabetic retinopathy.
A 65-year-old man develops sudden excruciating interscapular pain radiating into the right lower limb. On physical examination, the right femoral pulse is not felt and the left femoral pulse is weak. There is an aortic diastolic murmur. The blood pressure is 160/90 mmHg, and the pulse rate is 100/min. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is
(A) myocardial infarction.
(B) embolus of the abdominal aorta.
(C) dissecting aortic aneurysm.
(D) pulmonary embolus.
(E) spontaneous pneumothorax. A 75-year-old woman has taken lithium, without complication, for many years. Subsequently a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) is prescribed for osteo-arthritis. Over the ensuing weeks she develops ataxia, anorexia, nausea and tremulousness. Which one of the following is CORRECT?
(A) These features are consistent with NSAID toxicity.
(B) The main therapeutic measure would be salt restriction.
(C) Lithium inhibits the clearance of most NSAID from the body.
(D) Interactions between lithium and NSAID are of little clinical significance.
(E) These features are consistent with lithium toxicity. The LEAST likely fracture to occur in a 7-year-old child who falls on an outstretched arm is
(A) fracture of both bones of the forearm.
(B) dislocation of the distal radial epiphysis.
(C) Colles fracture.
(D) supracondylar fracture.
(E) greenstick fracture of the ulna. A 73-year-old woman complains of pain mainly in the limb girdles, associated with marked stiffness. Her symptoms are worse in the early hours of the morning and on waking. There is no abnormality on examination apart from mild generalised stiffness of the shoulder and hip joints. Your provisional diagnosis would MOST LIKELY be CONFIRMED by
(A) X-ray of the pelvis and shoulder girdle.
(B) serum calcium and phosphorus levels.
(C) serum alkaline phosphatase level.
(D) erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 110mm/h.
(E) latex rheumatoid factor. A 27-year-old woman is hospitalised at 36 weeks gestation because of jaundice, haematemesis and increased confusion. For 10 days prior to admission she had nausea, vomiting, lack of appetite and fatigue. Results of laboratory studies are: urea 18 mmol/L (3-8); uric acid 0.6 mmol/L (0.15-0.40); bilirubin 60 umol/L (2-20); alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 240 U/L (5-40); aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 210 U/L (10-45); alkaline phosphatase (ALP) 80 U/L (25-100). Serum ammonia concentration is elevated. The MOST LIKELY diagnosis is
(A) acute viral hepatitis.
(B) alcoholic cirrhosis.
(C) pre-eclampsia.
(D) acute fatty liver of pregnancy.
(E) cholestasis of pregnancy. A 6-year-old girl has had a moderately severe episode of asthma for 36-48 h. She has been treated with inhaled sympathomimetic every 3-4 h but respiratory distress recurs within 2-3 h of the inhalation. The MOST APPROPRIATE additional therapy would be
(A) oral theophylline.
(B) a short course of oral corticosteroids.
(C) a short course of inhaled corticosteroids.
(D) additional inhaled ipratropium bromide.
(E) a course of oral antibiotics. 24Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland
(A) is a slow growing tumour which is influenced by thyroid stimulating hormone secretion.
(B) is multifocal and spreads mainly by the blood to bone.
(C) is sometimes associated with phaeochromocytoma and skin lesions.
(D) produces calcitonin and the syndrome of malignant hypocalcaemia.
(E) is extremely radiosensitive and should be treated by irradiation of the thyroid gland.
During the first 24 h after a gastrectomy your patient develops a fever of 38.5 degrees C. The MOST LIKELY cause is
(A) atelectasis.
(B) urinary tract infection.
(C) wound infection.
(D) deep venous thrombosis.
(E) superficial thrombophlebitis. A young woman who is obviously pregnant is found at the side of the road at the site of an automobile accident. She is unresponsive to verbal stimuli. Assessment of her condition should give FIRST PRIORITY to
(A) respiratory status.
(B) level of consciousness.
(C) fetal viability.
(D) presence of bleeding.
(E) assessment of possible shock. A placid 4-week-old formula-fed baby has vomited feeds since the first week of life. Her maternal grandmother is convinced that the baby is ill. The mother is also concerned but says that the baby feeds well. You confirm that she has gained weight normally, and find no clinical abnormality. You SHOULD
(A) reassure the mother and tell her to ignore anyone who says the child is ill.
(B) explain that the baby probably has gastro-oesophageal reflux.
(C) arrange barium swallow and meal.
(D) arrange suprapubic aspiration of urine for microscopy and culture.
(E) advise that the formula be diluted to make it more digestible. Which one of the following is CORRECT?
(A) Meatal ulceration is a complication of circumcision.
(B) The prepuce is fully retractable in 90% of uncircumcised boys aged 6 months.
(C) Circumcision is the first stage in the repair of hypospadias.
(D) Neonatal circumcision is safe in haemophilia, because of transplacental passage of factor VIII.
(E) Neonatal circumcision is painless. A discrete mobile mass in the breast of a 25-year-old woman is MOST LIKELY to be
(A) carcinoma.
(B) fibroadenoma.
(C) intraduct papilloma.
(D) fibroadenosis.
(E) fat necrosis. A 26-year-old man has been under your care after falling 10 m while rock climbing, sustaining bilateral compound tibial fractures and a fractured pelvis. Three days postoperatively, after open reduction and fixation of his tibial fractures, he becomes acutely breathless. A chest X-ray reveals a diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrate. He suddenly becomes confused and fearful, believing his food to be poisoned, and that the hospital staff are plotting against him and plan to murder him. The MOST LIKELY explanation for the change in his mental state is
(A) aspiration pneumonia.
(B) pulmonary embolism.
(C) fat embolism syndrome.
(D) subacute pancreatitis.
(E) extradural haematoma. A delusion is an EXAMPLE of
(A) formal thought disorder.
(B) blunted affect.
(C) a false belief.
(D) auditory hallucinations.
(E) passivity experiences. A patient lacerates the ulnar nerve just above the wrist. Which one of the following physical findings is MOST LIKELY to be present? Inability to
(A) extend the wrist.
(B) flex the wrist.
(C) flex the distal phalanges of the fourth and fifth digits.
(D) oppose the thumb and index finger.
(E) spread the fingers. * In a 25-year-old woman with gluten-sensitive enteropathy, which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
(A) The anaemia is most likely due to Vitamin B12 deficiency.
(B) The pretreatment biopsy will demonstrate flattened villi and an inflammatory cell infiltrate of periodic acid-Schiff positive macrophages.
(C) Corn contains gluten and should be excluded from the diet.
(D) When placed on a strict gluten-free diet, the small bowel histology will improve markedly within 2 weeks.
(E) There is an association with the development of lymphoma. A 67-year-old man presents with a history of progressive dysphagia and hoarseness over the preceding 24 h. On examination there is a right Horner syndrome and the right side of the palate does not elevate on phonation. The right gag reflex is absent and the patient cannot produce an explosive cough. These signs and symptoms are MOST LIKELY due to which one of the following?
(A) A left capsular haemorrhage.
(B) A meningioma at the foramen magnum.
(C) Thrombosis of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery.
(D) A left cerebello-pontine angle tumour.
(E) A right-sided brain stem infarction. The skin lesions shown in the above photograph were found on the hands of a 73-year-old nursing home patient. She has been noted to be constantly scratching the lesions and appears poorly cared for. The MOST APPROPRIATE treatment would be
(A) topical steroids.
(B) erythromycin.
(C) gamma benzene hexachloride.
(D) miconazole cream.
(E) prednisone, 60mg daily. In the preoperative evaluation of a person for a possible bleeding tendency the MOST IMPORTANT of the following is
(A) clotting time.
(B) bleeding time.
(C) clinical history.
(D) prothrombin time of Internaional Normalised Ratio (INR).
(E) partial thromboplastin time. A 28-year-old sales assistant presents with difficulty sleeping. He recounts how he has great difficulty falling asleep, going over the events of the day in his head. When at last he gets to sleep, he wakes often during the night. He sometimes has nightmares and usually feels unrefreshed in the mornings. His sleep disturbance is CHARACTERISTIC of
(A) borderline personality disorder.
(B) major depression.
(C) schizophrenia.
(D) generalised anxiety disorder.
(E) nocturnal epilepsy. A 60-year-old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her relatives who have noticed that she is 'unwell' and confused. Blood tests are requested and the initial results are: Na 139 mmol/L; K 5.4 mmol/L; Cl 113 mmol/L; HCO3 17 mmol/L; urea 11.5 mmol/L (&8); creatinine .14 mmol/L (&0.11); arterial pH 7.28; paC02 30 mmHg; pa02 90mmHg. Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?
(A) The anion gap is increased.
(B) The symptoms and signs are due to uraemia.
(C) Metabolic acidosis has been documented.
(D) The results suggest that she has been vomiting excessively.
(E) An infusion of bicarbonate should be commenced. MOST children aged 11 months can
(A) walk independently.
(B) build a tower of four cubes.
(C) point to a named part of the body.
(D) feed themselves with a spoon.
(E) pick up a raisin between thumb and finger. A previously healthy 3-year-old child has a single generalised convulsion lasting 5 min. She is found to have a reddened throat and rectal temperature of 39.7 degrees C, from which she recovers uneventfully in 5 days. Three months later she again becomes febrile with an upper respiratory tract infection. Which one of the following is CORRECT?
(A) She should be started on oral phenobarbitone.
(B) She should be put in a bath of cold water.
(C) 600 mg aspirin should be administered.
(D) An antibiotic should be administered promptly.
(E) Most such children will not have a further seizure. Which one of the following maternal conditions generally CONTRAINDICATES epidural anaesthesia in labour?
(A) Hypertension.
(B) Previous caesarean delivery.
(C) Platelet count less than 40x10 9/L (150-40x10 9/L)
(D) Mitral stenosis.
(E) Chronic anaemia. * A previously well boy aged 18 months presents with a 24 h history of cough and wheeze and has a respiratory rate of 35/min. There is a family history of asthma and allergy. Examination shows a boy who is generally well but he has softer breath sounds over the left hemithorax. There are bilateral wheezes, more marked on the left. The APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT is
(A) give nebulised salbutamol 4 hourly.
(B) refer for physiotherapy.
(C) give amoxycillin.
(D) arrange inspiratory and expiratory chest x-rays.
(E) admit to hospital and nurse in 30% oxygen. * A 2-year-old boy presented to your surgery with the onset of the skin rash, depicted in the accompanying photograph over the previous 3 to 4 h. He has a temperature of 38.8 degrees C. Which one of the following responses would be the MOST APPROPRIATE?
(A) Send him home and tell his parents to give him paracetamol to control the fever.
(B) Send to hospital immediately.
(C) Give penicillin and send home.
(D) Give a broad spectrum antibiotic and send home.
(E) Give a single large dose of parenteral penicillin and send immediately to hospital. An anxious mother consults about her 18-month-old child because 'She doesn't seem to hear properly'. The child is otherwise well. Examination of the child's ears, nose and throat appears normal, including response to the noise of a rattle. You SHOULD
(A) reassure the mother and reassess the child in 6 months time.
(B) arrange audiometric assessment.
(C) defer investigation until the child is 3 years of age.
(D) perform tuning fork tests.
(E) perform tympanometry. 45 An anxious mother consults about her 18-month-old child because 'She doesn't seem to hear properly'. The child is otherwise well. Examination of the child's ears, nose and throat appears normal, including response to the noise of a rattle. You SHOULD
(A) reassure the mother and reassess the child in 6 months time.
(B) arrange audiometric assessment.
(C) defer investigation until the child is 3 years of age.
(D) perform tuning fork tests.
(E) perform tympanometry. Which one of the following USUALLY resolves spontaneously?
(A) Small ventricular septal defect in a child aged 12 months.
(B) Small atrial septal defect in a child aged 3 years.
(C) Patent ductus in a toddler.
(D) Aortic coarctation in a premature infant.
(E) Congenital heart block. * A 40-year-old school teacher has been receiving treatment for depressive symptoms following his wife's desertion. A week after being involved in a traffic accident in which a child was hospitalised with head injuries, he takes an overdose of fifty 25 mg imipramine tablets and a large amount of alcohol. He has previously refused referral to a psychiatrist or voluntary hospitalisation for assessment. Your INITIAL management, after successful medical treatment of his overdose, SHOULD BE to
(A) increase his imipramine to 150 mg daily.
(B) change him to a different tricyclic antidepressant.
(C) contact his wife and try and persuade her to return home.
(D) arrange involuntary psychiatric hospitalisation, if he still refuses voluntary admission.
(E) refer him for alcohol counselling. * After a pulmonary embolus, which one of the following is MOST LIKELY?
(A) Low right atrial pressure and low central venous pressure.
(B) Low systemic arterial blood pressure and low venous pressures.
(C) High pulmonary venous pressure and pulmonary oedema.
(D) High right ventricular pressure and high systemic venous pressure.
(E) High left atrial pressure and functional mitral valve incompetence. A patient presents for her first visit in her second pregnancy with a history of a second trimester miscarriage in her previous pregnancy. Which of the events listed below should cause you to suspect that her miscarriage had been DUE TO an incompetent cervix?
(A) Onset of contractions.
(B) Rupture of membranes.
(C) Reduction in fetal movements.
(D) Vaginal bleeding.
(E) Purulent vaginal discharge. A healthy non-smoking 19-year-old man, hospitalised for an appendicectomy, is mistakenly given an overdose of his narcotic premedication. He is found unconscious and on auscultation of his chest, he has reduced breath sounds but no added sounds. Emergency chest X-ray is clear. His arterial blood gases (in mmHg), taken while breathing room air are MOST LIKELY to show
(A) pH - 7.22 PaO2 - 70 PaCO2 - 61.
(B) pH - 7.23 PaO2 - 90 PaCO2 - 59.
(C) pH - 7.23 PaO2 - 86 PaCO2 - 30.
(D) pH - 7.39 PaO2 - 65 PaCO2 - 42.
(E) pH - 7.39 PaO2 - 75 PaCO2 - 60.
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