What's happening?There isnot so much ass──.

-There are so many over there. What’s happening?-Let’s go to have a lookA.flowerB.carC.childD.people 题目和参考答案——精英家教网——
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—There are so many ______ over there. What’s happening?—Let’s go to have a lookA.flowerB.carC.childD.people
D考查名词用法。many后接可数名词复数。从四个选项中看出只有people是复数形式,根据语境故选D。
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科目:初中英语
题型:阅读理解
阅读短文,用方框内所给单词的正确形式填空,使短文意思通顺、完整。请将答案写在短文后相应题号的横线上。注意:①每个单词只能用一次。②每空限填一词,有些词需要做相应的变化。③其中有两个多余选项。 A car needs gas to run and your body also needs food to work. 【小题1】_____ the right kind of food is very important. It can help your body grow strong, so take care of _【小题2】____ you eat. There are four main food groups together. The dairy group has food like mild, cheese, and yogurt. The other three __【小题3】____ are the meat and fish group, the fruit and vegetable group, and the bread and rice group. Each meal should have at ___【小题4】___ one food from all the four main groups. With all these food together, you will be __【小题5】____ enough energy during the day.It’s easy to get into bad eating __【小题6】___. You may eat your breakfast in a hurry to get to school on time. Or you may not have time for a good lunch. It may seem easy to _【小题7】 your supper with fish and chips all the time. But you will find ___【小题8】__tired during these days and you can’t think quickly.Watching what you eat will help keep your body __【小题9】_ and strong. It’s also good to take some exercise. It will __【小题10】_ you eat more if you take a walk or play games in the open air. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key to your health.
科目:初中英语
完形填空(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)Do you like to visit the zoo in our city? Zoo is a good place ___(16)____. There is a zoo ____(17)___a river and a small mountain. It’s very big and there are a lot of tall trees in it. We can see a lot of golden fish(金鱼) in it, they have all kinds of ____(18)_____ . Some are red, some are yellow, some are white and some are black. They are swimming in the water. And they are very _____(19)_____.We can see a hill. About twenty ____(20)____ are playing on it. Some are asking people for ____(21)_____. The little monkeys are in their mothers’ arms. They are very interesting and children_____(22)_____ them very much. We can also see the elephants. They are very strong(强壮的). The ____(23)_____are very tall. The pandas’ house is next to the monkey hill. There are ____(24)___ pandas ---one is sitting in the trees and the other is sleeping on the grass. They look very shy and cute. What ___(25)___ animals do you like?【小题1】 A has fun&&&& B. have fun&&&& C. have a fun&&&&& D. to have fun【小题2】A.acrossB.next toC.betweenD.near【小题3】.A.colorsB.agesC.clothesD.books【小题4】.A.uglyB.smartC.beautifulD.red【小题5】A.monkeysB.monkeiesC.elephantD.elephants【小题6】.A.foodB.booksC.paperD.belp【小题7】.A.watchB.likeC.readD.play【小题8】A.penguinsB.lionsC.tigersD.giraffes【小题9】A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【小题10】A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.others
科目:初中英语
完形填空(本大题有10小题,每小题1分,共10分)Do you like to visit the zoo in our city? Zoo is a good place ___(16)____. There is a zoo ____(17)___a river and a small mountain. It’s very big and there are a lot of tall trees in it. We can see a lot of golden fish(金鱼) in it, they have all kinds of ____(18)_____ . Some are red, some are yellow, some are white and some are black. They are swimming in the water. And they are very _____(19)_____.We can see a hill. About twenty ____(20)____ are playing on it. Some are asking people for ____(21)_____. The little monkeys are in their mothers’ arms. They are very interesting and children_____(22)_____ them very much. We can also see the elephants. They are very strong(强壮的). The ____(23)_____are very tall. The pandas’ house is next to the monkey hill. There are ____(24)___ pandas ---one is sitting in the trees and the other is sleeping on the grass. They look very shy and cute. What ___(25)___ animals do you like?【小题1】 A has fun&&&& B. have fun&&&& C. have a fun&&&&& D. to have fun【小题2】A.acrossB.next toC.betweenD.near【小题3】.A.colorsB.agesC.clothesD.books【小题4】.A.uglyB.smartC.beautifulD.red【小题5】A.monkeysB.monkeiesC.elephantD.elephants【小题6】.A.foodB.booksC.paperD.belp【小题7】.A.watchB.likeC.readD.play【小题8】A.penguinsB.lionsC.tigersD.giraffes【小题9】A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four【小题10】A.otherB.the otherC.anotherD.others
科目:初中英语
题型:阅读理解
根据短文内容,选择最佳答案。Every country has its own way of cooking. American people have their way of cooking, don't they?Most people in the United States like fast food, but if you think that American people don't like cooking, you are wrong. It's true that most Americans eat fast food for their breakfast and lunch, but they also think cooking is interesting. Parents see the importance of teaching their children how to cook, and most Americans say that home cooked meals are the best.Americans have their own way of cooking. For example, baking& (烘烤) is the most popular way of cooking in America. Most American families have ovens. American cooks pay attention to (注意) the balance of food. In planning a big meal, they try to cook meat, a few vegetables, some bread and often some sweet food. They also like to make the meal look beautiful. There are many kinds of food of different colors, so the meal is healthy and looks beautiful, too.【小题1】Most Americans &&&&&&&A.don't like cookingB.cook food in the morningC.eat fast foodD.like having a picnic【小题2】Most Americans &&&&&&&A.don't eat fast food for their breakfast or lunchB.have fast food for their breakfast or lunchC.like to eat fast food for supperD.don't have breakfast or lunch【小题3】&&&&&&&is the most popular way of cooking in the USA.A. Baking&&&&&&&&&&&& B. Cutting&&&&&&& C. Frying&&&&& D. Boiling【小题4】How does an American cook balance different kinds of food?A.He cooks a lot of meat.B.He cooks meat, vegetables, bread and sweet food for a big meal. C.He makes the food delicious.D.He cooks a lot of vegetable.【小题5】Which is right according to the passage? A.The meal looks beautiful because the food is in different colors. B.American people do not like to cook food at home.C.American parents do not like to teach their children to cook.D.Most people in the United States don't like fast food at all.
科目:初中英语
来源:学年江西吉安朝宗实验学校七年级下期期中考试英语卷(带解析)
题型:单选题
—The supermarket is crowded(拥挤的). There are ___________ people there.—Yeah, and the things there are always ______________ expensive(贵的).A. much tooB. to manyC. much tooD. too much
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题号:3018177试题类型:单选题 知识点:专有名词,集合名词,名词所有格,名词&&更新日期:
—There are so many ______ over there. What’s happening?—Let’s go to have a look.A.flowerB.carC.childD.people
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专有名词:是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称,即:人名,地名,国家名,单位名,组织名,等等。例如:人名:Tom,Peter,Mr Yang地名:Europe,New York,People‘s Square节日、月份、星期:Christmas,February,Saturday专有名词的第一个字母必须大写。注意:有些单词字母的大小写不同,词义也不一样。如:Rose 罗斯(姓名)——rose玫瑰花China 中国——china 陶瓷或中国(不特指)普通名词表示一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名称,如: worker, camera, steel等。
专有名词分类:英语中根据专有名词前是否带冠词可分为两类:    ①零冠词:如:Yale University, Beijing Railway station,是由专有名词+普通名词组成,往往为并列关系。    ②定冠词:如:The United States,The Great Wall,由形容词+普通名词组成 一般来讲,专有名词前面不用定冠词the。但江河海洋,山脉群岛地理名称前要用定冠词;有两个以上的普通名词组成的专有名词前,一般要用定冠词。单复数同形:Chinese,Japanese 单复数不同形:German—Germans,American—Americans 其中,若专有名词复数与定冠词连用,表示“某某夫妇”或“某某一家”,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
专有名词用法:(一)人名英美人的姓名与中国人的恰恰相反,姓在后面,名在前面,姓名前通常不用冠词。例如:Mary Smith;George Washington。(1)一般熟人间通常用名称呼。例如:How's John getting on? 约翰近来好吗?(2)在不熟悉人之间或表示礼貌时,常把姓和称谓连用。例如:Would you please tell John Smith to come to the office? 请你告诉约翰?史密斯到办公室来一次好吗?(3)姓氏复数前加定冠词可表示全家人。例如:The Turners have gone to America.特纳一家人去美国了。(二)地名(1)大部分单数形式的地名不用定冠词。例如:Asia;America;China; London;Shanghai(2)大部分单数形式的湖、岛、山名前不加定冠词。例如:Silver Lake;Mount Tai(3)山脉、群岛、海洋、河流、运河、海湾、海峡、半岛、沙漠名前一般加定冠词。例如:the Pacific;the English Channel;the Sahara(三)日期名(1)节日名前通常不用冠词。例如: Christmas;National Day(2)星期名前通常不用冠词。例如: Sunday;Tuesday(3)月份名前通常不用冠词。例如: April;December
初中专有名词列举:1、表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词Einstein爱因斯坦 Vivian维维安 Chairman Hu胡主席 Premier Wen温总理President Obama奥巴马总统 Mr.Brown布朗先生 Doctor Lin林博士、林医生Queen Elizabeth II伊丽莎白女王二世重点提示:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如Mr.(先生),President(总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。
2、表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词Korea韩国 Thailand泰国 Egypt埃及 Paris巴黎 Los Angeles洛杉机 Chinatown唐人街 Pacific Ocean太平洋Caribbean加勒比海 Mississippi密西西比河 Mt.Qomolangma珠穆朗玛峰
3、表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词Museum of Postal History邮政博物馆 China Daily中国日报Sydney Opera House悉尼歌剧院 Reuters路透社Friends of the Earth地球之友(机构名) Harvard University哈佛大学
4、表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词Wednesday星期三 Sunday星期天 March三月Labour Day劳动节 National Day国庆节 Father's Day父亲节
5、由普通名词构成的专有名词the North Pole北极 the River Nile尼罗河 the Bund上海外滩the Great Wall长城 the Forbidden City紫禁城 the Temple of Heaven天坛the White House白宫 the Terracotta Warriors兵马俑重点提示:专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。
集合名词:是语言学上的一个专有名词,意指一种可用来指称一群对象的词,而这些对象,可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 例如:family (家庭), cattle (牛, 牲畜),& goods (货物),& baggage/luggage (行李),hair (头发, 毛发),fruit (水果)
集合名词分类及用法特点:第一类形式为单数,但意义可以用为单数或复数这类集合名词包括family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等。其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较并体会:His family is large. 他的家是个大家庭。His family are all waiting for him. 他的一家人都在等他。This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。This class are reading English now. 这个班的学生在读英语。
第二类形式为单数,但意义永远为复数这类集合名词包括cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等。其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(连用)。如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如:five head of cattle 5头牛,fifty (head of ) cattle 50头牛
第三类形式为复数,意义也为复数这类集合名词包括goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等。其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Clothes dry slowly in the rainy season. 衣服在雨季不易干。Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。If goods are not well made you should complain to the manufacturer. 如果货物质量不好,则理应向制造商提出控诉。
第四类形式为单数,意义也为单数这类集合名词包括baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景),jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等。其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。The thief stole all her jewelry. 小偷把她所有的首饰都偷走了。The hospital has no decent equipment. 这家医院没有像样的设备。The Tang Dynasty is thought of as the high summer of Chinese poetry. 人们认为唐朝是中国诗歌的全盛时期。注:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器。
初中常见集合名词及用法特点:1. family(家庭),team(队),class(班),audience(听众)等其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较: This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。2. cattle(牛,牲畜),people(人),police(警察)等其用法特点为:只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与 a(n) 连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如: People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。 注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词 head(单复数同形)。如:three head of cattle 3头牛,twenty (head of )cattle 20头牛。3. goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如: Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的?4. baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝),equipment(设备)等 其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词 (当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如: Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗? 特别提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery 相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem / a piece of poetry 一首诗,many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery 许多机器。5. hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如: My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。(D21) The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。(D23)6. mankind(人类)是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如: This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。 Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。 特别提醒:mankind 表示“人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。7. fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如: He doesn’t not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 He is growing fruit in the country. 他在农村种水果。 但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果。体会: Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。
集合名词的主谓一致:一、某些有生命的集合名词(表示人或者动物),本身有单/复数之分。其为单数时,若作主语,则谓语可用单数/复数。主要依据说话者强调的重点而定,若强调许多个体,谓语用复数;若强调一个整体,则用单数。其为复数时,不言而喻,谓语必须用复数。注意:此类名词单复数的意义并不完全相同,汉译时一定要当心。如:army(一国之军队),armies(多国部队);couple(一对夫妇),couples(多对夫妇);等。常见的此类集合名词有:army,association,audience,band,board,cast,clan,class,clique,club,college,committee,company,community,congregation(教民,会众),council(市议会,理事会),couple,crew,crowd,enemy,family,firm,fleet,flock,folk,gang,government,group,jury,kingdom ,mob(暴民,暴徒),navy,opposition,orchestra,pack,pair,party,personnel,profession,population,staff,school,team,tribe(部落,部民), union,university等。1.The staff is/are hardworking.2.The audience were moved to tears.3.The lecturer draws large audiences.4.The whole school was punished.5.The class consists of 40 students.6.This class are diligent.7.The whole profession fight tooth andnail against it.8.One tenth of the population of Egypt is/are Christian.
二、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,作主语时,谓语通常用复数。常见的此类集合名词有:cattle,clergy,faculty(教职工), herd,mankind,military,militia(民团、民兵), people,police,poultry(家禽),swine(猪),vermin,womankind等。1.There are verm in here.2.Some people are never satisfied.3.The police/military have surrounded the building.4.There are three people waving at us.5.The police haven't arrived yet.【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式。如: There are 56 peoples in China.
三、某些有生命的集合名词,本身无复数形式,其后可跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:aristocracy,bourgeoisie(资产阶级),church,elite(精英),gentry,intelligentsia(知识分子),laity(外行),livestock,majority,minority,proletariat(无产阶级),offspring,public,swarm,youth等。1.The youth today is /are better off than we used to be.2.Her offspring is /are like her in every respect.3.The intelligentsia are hailing Ranson as their spokesman.【注】youth除了作集合名词以外,还可以作可数和不可数名词。如:Youth is the tim e for action;age is the tim e for repose.Som e youths don't like jazz.
四、某些表示国家、公司、机构、运动队等名称的专有名词也可当作集合名词使用,其后通常跟单/复数谓语动词。常见的此类集合名词有:Arsenal,BBC,Congress,Krem lin, Liverpool,Macm illan,Netherlands,Parliament,Pentagon,Vatican(梵蒂冈),White House等。1.Arsenal is /are playing well in this season.2.Macmillan have /has made a good profit this year.3.The Seventy-First Congress was predominantly Republican.4.The Netherlands has /have a monarchy.5.The BBC is showing the program on Saturday.6.Liverpool is leading 1—0.7.Liverpool are attacking again.五、某些无生命的集合名词(表示物)作主语时,通常被看成不可数名词,谓语用单数。常见的此类集合名词有:aircraft,baggage, clothing,crockery,cutlery(刀剪,餐具),equipment,foliage(树叶),footwear,furniture,glassware,hardware,hosiery,jewellery,luggage,machinery,merchandize,poetry,pottery,silverware,stationery,underclothing,underwear,vegetation,weaponry等。1.All the furniture in my room is new.2.The merchandize has arrived undamaged.3.There is not much vegetation in deserts.4.The equipment for the factory hasbeen shipped.5.Warm clothing is necessary in cold climates.6.The machinery is driven by electrici-ty.
名词所有格:表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词,后加’s来表示所有关系。
名词所有格的构成:①一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加’s&&&&&例如:the child’s bag 这个孩子的书包& children’s books 儿童用书 ②带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)&&&&&例如:girls’ school 女子学校 the smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车&带词尾s的单数,通常仍加’s,如the boss’s new car ③带词尾s的人名,可加’s或只加省字撇(’)&&&& 例如:Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说& Charles’ job 查理斯的工作&&不带词尾s,却以[s]结尾,一律加’s,如Marx’s 马克思的著作&④双重所有格:将’s与of 结合一起使用构成双重所有格。&&&&&例如:a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友 &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& a photo of mine 我的一张照片&注意:①用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列名词后加’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加’s。&例:Tom’s and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(各自)的房间。&&&&&&&&&Tom and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克(共同)的房间。&②下列情况可以将 ’s 所有格中的名词省略。a名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到,往往可以省略,以免重复。例 This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的,也不是约翰和比特的。&& The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的,而是珍妮的。b名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’.  the doctor’s(office)医生的诊所  my uncle’s(house)我叔叔的家
-’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较:(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如:Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达
(2) 必须用 ‘s 所有格的情形:①表类别时:men’s shoes 男鞋,children’s stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时:John’s telegram 约翰的电报 ③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。
(3) 必须用of 所有格的情形:①用于无生命的事物时:the subject of the sentence 句子主语 Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'②表同位关系时:the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时:the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。
's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别: 举例比较下面三句话: 1.She is Mary's brother's friend. 2.She is a friend of Mary's brother. 3.She is a friend of Mary's brother's. 1句用的是's所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,突出friend一词。 2句用的是of所有格,侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系,强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格,侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个,她只是其中的一个。
"名词所有格"用法:&名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格,它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。 一、's 所有格的用法 1.表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如: Jim's bed the man's wife children's toys the fox's tail 2.以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如: the students' books Teachers' Day my boss' office a girls' dormitory 3.有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词,也可以加's构成所有格。例如: today's newspaper five minutes'walk a ton's weight a dollar's worth of stamps the moon's rays 4.表示两者共同拥有的人或物(共有)时,只需要后一个名词加's(或')即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系(各自所有),则每个名词词尾都加上's(或')。例如: Joan and Jane's room(房间属二人共同所有) Joan's and Jane's room(指Joan和Jane各自的房间) 5.'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 a、表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词,其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如: I met her at the doctor's(office).我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's(shop).他到服装店去了。 She went to Mr.Black's(house)yesterday.她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。 b、名词所有格所修饰的词,如果前面已经提到过,往往可以省略,以免重复。例如: Whose pen is this?It's Tom's.这是谁的钢笔?是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine,but Wang Pinpin's.这辆自行车不是我的,是王品品的。 二、of 所有格的用法 of 所有格由of 加名词构成,其用法归纳如下: 1.of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如: a map of the world the story of a hero the windows of the room the title of the film 2.用于名词化的词。例如: the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖 3.修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如: the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴 4.表示有生命的东西的名词,有时也可以用of所有格。例如: the children of the family 那家的孩子们 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。 the son of a poor peasant=a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子 但有时含义却不相同,请比较下面的例子: an old woman's story(一个老妇人讲自己的身世) the story of an old woman(别人讲一个老妇人的身世) 三、's所有格和of所有格可以表示下面的关系: 1.所有关系 the students'reading room 学生阅览室 2.主谓关系 the arrival of the train 火车的到达 3.动宾关系 the search of knowledge 知识的探究 4.同位关系 the name of Kate 凯特这个名字 四、双重所有格及其用法 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起,构成"of+所有格"形式,即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念,即全体中的一部分,在意义上与"one of..."相似,它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外,双重所有格与指示代词连用时,常带有感情色彩,如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下: 1.名词+of+名词性物主代词。例如: a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2.名词+of+'s所有格。例如: He is a friend of my sister's.(=one of my sister's friends)他是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's.看杰克的那个长鼻子。(感情色彩) 试比较: a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张(本人)的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张(具有的照片中)的一张照片 此外,不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词(some,any,many,no,few等)以及which等限定词,一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词,而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如: most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his.我读过他的一些书。 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read?你读过琼瑶的哪一本书?
名词:是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词分类:一、按意义分类1.专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。 例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲) Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。2.普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。 普通名词又可进一步分为五类:①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。 (car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片)②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。  ( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词 (boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄) ④物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。  ( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。  ( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式。
名词易混点举例:一.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:work(工作) ——a work (著作);&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass(玻璃)——a glass (玻璃杯);&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper(纸) ——a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)tea(茶) ——a tea (一种茶)(表示种类);&&&&& wood(木头) ——a wood (小树林);&&&&&&&& room(空间) ——a room (房间)二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿?
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话
名词的语法功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀:一、人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。  时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作,名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分,若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离,一分再分仍原物。
英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”,表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
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