A阿尔茨海默病(也称早老性痴呆症或弥漫性大脑萎缩症)(Alzheimer’s disease)7阿费利斯综合征(Avellis’ syndrome)21阿基里斯跟腱反射(Achilles’ tendon reflex)2阿-罗瞳孔(Argyll Robertson pupil )16阿米替林(amitriptyline)7阿-希畸形(先天性小脑延髓下疝畸形)(Arnold-Chiarimalformation)16埃-韦核(EW核,即动眼神经副核)(Edinger-Westphal nucleus)80癌性肌病(carcinomatous myopathy)34癌性脊髓病(carcinomatous myelopathy)34癌性脑病(carcinomatous encephalopathy)34癌性神经病(carcinomatous neuropathy)35艾迪瞳孔(强直性瞳孔)(Adie’s pupil)5艾迪综合征(Adie’s syndrome)5艾萨克-梅顿综合征(即Issacs综合征)(Issac-Mertens syndrome)127艾萨克综合征(又称肌颤搐-多汗综合征,神经肌强直症)(Issac’s syndrome)127艾滋病(acquired immunodeficiency syndromes,AIDS)3安定(diazepam,or valium)69安坦(artane)16安通征(Anton’s symptom)13鞍背(dorsum sellae)74暗点(盲点)(scotoma) 212暗反射(dark reflex)64暗示(suggestion) 230暗适应(dark adaptation)64昂白征(闭目难立征)(Romberg’s sign)208奥本汉病(先天性肌强直)(Oppenheim’s disease)174奥本汉反射(Oppenheim’s reflex)174B巴比妥中毒(barbitulism,barbiturism)24巴彬斯基反射(现象)(Babinski’s reflex,or phenomenon) 23巴彬斯基-纳热奥特综合征(Babinski-Nageotte syndrome) 23巴娄病(同心层型轴周脑病)(Balo’s disease) 23白痴(idiocy) 119白质(white matter) 260白质前连合(anterior white commissure)12半昏迷(semi-coma) 213半乳糖脑苷类脂沉积病(家族性婴儿弥漫性硬化)(galactocerebroside lipidosis)97半月神经节(三叉神经节)(gasserian ganglion)97膀胱反射(bladder reflex)28包涵体脑炎(inclusion body encephalitis) 119胞体-胞体式突触(soma-somatic synapse)217贝尔麻痹(周围性面神经麻痹)(Bell’s palsy)26贝尔现象(Bell’s phenomenon) 26贝尔征(Bell’s sign)26背侧丘脑(丘脑)(dorsal thalamus)72背根(后根)(dorsal root)72背角(dorsal horn)72背痛(notalgia) 169被害妄想(delusion of persecution) 66被控制妄想(delusion of control)67本能(instinct)122本体感觉(深感觉) (proprioceptive sense, or internal sensation,subjective sensation)194本体感受器(proprioceptor)194苯丙酮尿症(phenylketonuria)184苯二氮䓬类(benzodiazepines)27苯海索(也称安坦)(benzhexol)27鼻侧偏盲(nasal hemianopia)159鼻反射(nasal reflex)159鼻漏(鼻溢) (rhinorrhea)207比佛征(腹直肌下部瘫痪征)(Beevor’s sign)25闭孔神经痛(obturator neuralgia)171闭锁综合征(locked-in syndrome)137臂丛(brachial plexus)29臂丛神经炎(也称痛性肌萎缩)(brachial neuritis)29边缘系统(limbic system)136边缘叶(limbic lobe)136扁平颅底(basilar impression, or platybasia)25变形性肌张力障碍(扭转痉挛,或扭转性肌张力障碍)(dystonia muscular deforming)78辨距不良(障碍)(dysmetria)77表达性失语(运动性失语)(expressive aphasia)87宾斯旺格病(皮质下动脉硬化性脑病)(Binswanger’s encephalitis)27髌反射(patellar reflex)182髌阵挛(patellar clonus)182丙咪嗪(imipramine)119病毒性脑膜炎(良性无菌性脑膜炎)(viral meningitis)256病毒性脑炎(viral encephalitis)256病觉缺失(anosognosia)10病理干扰相(pathologic interference pattern) 182病理性象征性思维(symbolic thought)231薄束(fasciculus gracilis) 91不宁腿综合征(restless leg syndrome) 206不随意运动(involuntary motion) 125朗-塞夸综合征(即脊髓半切综合征)(Brown-Sequard syndrome)33布利索病(即习惯性痉挛)(Brissaud’s disease)31布鲁金斯基征(Brudzinski’s sign) 33布伦斯征(或综合征)(Bruns’sign,or syndrome) 33布罗德曼分区(Brodmann’s areas)31布罗卡区(Broca’s area) 31布罗卡失语(即运动性失语)(Broca’s aphasia)31步态(gait)97步行困难(步行障碍)(dysbasia)77部分性癫癎持续状态(epilepsia partial continual) 84C苍白球(globus pallidum,or pallidum) 100侧角(lateral horn) 133侧脑室(lateral ventricle) 134侧索(lateral funiculus) 133侧索硬化(lateral sclerosis)134颤搐(twitching)246长期记忆(long term memory) 137陈-施现象(呼吸或征),即潮式呼吸(Cheyne-Stokes phenomenon,respiration,or sign)50痴呆(dementia) 67痴呆综合征(dementia syndrome) 67痴愚(imbecility)119弛缓性瘫痪步态(paralytic gait) 179迟发性运动障碍(tardive dyskinesia)235持续植物状态(慢性植物状态)(persistent vegetative state)184尺神经(ulnar nerve)248齿轮样强直(cog wheel type of rigidity)54齿状核(dentate nucleus)68冲动行为(impulsive behavior)119抽搐(习惯性痉挛) (tic)241抽动-秽语病(Gilles de la Tourette’s discase)99出血性梗死(hemorrhagic infarct) 107出血性脑血管病(haemorrhagic cerebral vascular accident)104触发区(扳机点) (trigger zone)246触觉(tactile sense,or thigmesthesia,touch sensation)234触觉缺失(thigmanesthesia)240触觉失认(tactile agnosia)234触压觉(touch-pressure sensation)243触诊(palpation)178传导性失语(conduction aphasia)56床突(clinoid process)53垂体腺瘤(pituitary adenoma)186垂体卒中(pituitary apoplexy)187垂足(foot drop)93词聋(word deafness)261词盲(word blindness)261磁共振成像(磁共振) (magnetic resonance imaging,MRI)140丛集性头痛(偏头痛性神经痛)(cluster headache)54猝倒症(cataplexy)36催眠(hypnosis)114催眠治疗(hypnotic therapy)114搓丸样震颤(pill rolling tremor)186错觉(illusion)119错听(paracusis)179成神经细胞(neuroblast)162成神经细胞瘤(neuroblastoma)162D大脑(cerebrum) 49大脑瘢痕(cerebral cicatrix)42大脑半球(cerebral hemisphere) 44大脑发育不全(cerebral agenesis,or cerebral dysgenesis) 42大脑后动脉(posterior cerebral artery) 190大脑镰(falx cerebral) 89大脑皮质(cerebral cortex) 42大脑前动脉(anterior cerebral artery)10大脑外侧沟(Sylvius’s fissure,sulcus) 231大脑萎缩(cerebral atrophy)42大脑中动脉(middle cerebral artery)148大脑肿瘤[cerebral tumo(u)r]47呆小症(cretinism) 62代偿性脑积水(compensating hydrocephalus)55代谢性肌病(metabolic myopathy)146带状疱疹脑炎(herpes zoster encephalitis)109带状疱疹性神经痛(herpes zoster neuralgia)109单胺氧化酶(monoamine oxidase,MAO) 150单纯疱疹脑炎(herpes simplex encephalitis)109单纯性失眠(原发性失眠)(simple insomnia)216单光子发射电子计算机断层扫描(single photon emission computer tomography,SPECT)216单极神经元(假单极神经元)(unipolar neuron) 249单神经病(mononeuropathy) 150单瘫(monoplegia) 150单肢轻瘫(monoparesis)150单肢舞动(mono-ballism)150胆碱酯酶(cholinesterase)51盗血综合征(steal syndrome)225德杰伦-克鲁姆克麻痹或综合征(下臂丛麻痹)(Dejerine-Klumpke paralysis,or syndrome)65德杰伦-索特斯萎缩、病或神经病(肥大性多发性神经病)(DejerineSottas atrophy,disease,or neuropathy)65德杰伦征(Dejerine sign)65德维克病(视神经脊髓炎)(Devic’s disease)69低能(feeblemindedness)91低血钾性周期性瘫痪(hypokalemic periodic paralysis)115低血糖脑病(hypoglycemic encephalopathy)115低血压(hypotension)116低血压性晕厥(hypotensive vertigo)116低压性脑积水(low pressure hydrocephalus)138底丘脑(subthalamus)229骶丛(sacral plexus)210骶尾部疼痛(coccydynia,coccygodynia)54第二躯体感觉区(secondary somataesthetic area)212第二信使(second messenger)212第二运动区(secondary motor area)212第三脑室(third ventricle)240第四脑室(fourth venticle)94癫癎(epilepsy)84癫癎持续状态(status epilepticus)225癫癎大发作(全面性强直-阵挛发作)(grand-mal epilepsy,or major epilepsy)102癫癎发作(seizure)213癫癎发作后瘫痪(托德麻痹) (postictal paralysis)191癫癎发作后自动症(postictal automatism)191癫癎人格(epileptic personality)84癫癎先兆(epileptic aura)84癫癎小发作(petit mal) 184癫癎性朦胧状态(epileptic twilight state) 84癫癎性意识模糊状态(epileptic confusional state) 84癫癎灶(epileptogenic focus)84点头状痉挛(spasmus nutans) 219电传递(electrical transmission) 81电突触(electrical synapse) 81调节反射(accommodation reflex) 2跌落发作(无张力性发作)(drop seizure,or drop attack) 74跌落综合征(先天性肌病)(floppy syndrome) 93蝶鞍(sella turcica) 213蝶腭神经痛(sphenopalatine neuralgia)220顶盖(tectum)236顶盖脊髓束(tectospinal tract) 235顶叶(parietal lobe)181定位觉(topesthesia,or topo-aesthesia) 242定位觉缺失(失认)(topagnosis,or topo-anaesthesia) 242定位诊断(topical diagnosis) 242定向(orientation) 176定向障碍(disorientation)71动力性失语(kinetic aphasia)131动脉瘤(aneurysm)9动脉内膜切除术(endarterectomy)82动脉硬化(arteriosclerosis) 16动脉硬化性痴呆(arteriosclerotic dementia) 16动脉硬化性帕金森病(arteriosclerotic parkinsonism)16动脉粥样硬化(atheromatosis)19动态突变(dynamic mutation)77动眼神经(oculomotor nerve)172动眼神经麻痹(oculomotor nerve palsy) 172动作电位(action potential) 3动作性震颤(action tremor)3豆纹动脉(lenticulostriate artery)135豆状核(lenticular nucleus,or lenticula)135窦汇(confluence of sinuses)57毒蕈碱型乙酰胆碱受体(简称M受体) (muscarinic acetylcholine receptor)152杜兴肌营养不良(Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy)75端脑(大脑) (telencephalon)236短期记忆(short term memory)216短暂记忆丧失(memory blackout)144短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)244短暂性完全遗忘(transient global amnesia)244对冲伤(contrecoup injury)58多巴胺(dopamine, DA)72多动症(hyperactive syndrome)111多发性肌炎(polymyositis)187多发性肌阵挛症(paramyoclonus multiplex)179多发性神经病(polyneuropathy)188多发性神经根神经病(polyradiculoneuropathy)188多发性神经根炎(polyradiculitis)188多发性神经纤维瘤病(neurofibromatosis) 163多发性神经炎(polyneuritis)188多发性硬化(multiple sclerosis,MS)152多汗症(hyperhidrosis)112多极神经元(multipolar neuron)152多虑平(doxepin)74E额叶(frontal lobe)95额叶共济失调(frontal lobe ataxia)95呃逆(hiccup, hiccough)109恶心(nausea) 159腭反射(palatal reflex) 177鳄鱼泪综合征(鳄泪征)(crocodile tears syndrome) 62儿茶酚胺(catecholamines,CAs) 37儿茶酚胺氧位甲基移位酶(catechol-O-methyl transferase,COMT) 37耳漏症(otorrhoea)176耳鸣(tinnitus)241耳颞综合征(auriculotemporal syndrome) 20耳源性眩晕(aural vertigo) 20F发热(fever) 92发热谵妄(高热谵妄)(febrile delirium) 91发音障碍(dysphonia)78发作性睡病(narcolepsy) 159烦躁不安(dysphoria) 78反射(reflex) 205反射弧(reflex arc)205反射减弱(hyporeflexia)116反射亢进(hyperreflexia)113反射性癫癎(reflex epilepsy)205反应性精神障碍(reactive mental disorder) 203反应性木僵(reactive stupor)203反应性偏执状态(心因性妄想症)(reactive paranoid state) 203反应性兴奋(reactive excitement)203反应性抑郁(reactive depression) 203反应性意识模糊(reactive confusion) 203防御反射(defence reflex)65放射性脊髓病(radiation myelopathy) 201放射性脑病(radiation encephalopathy)201放射治疗(radiotherapy)202非快速动眼睡眠(non-rapid eye movement sleep,NREM)168非那根(phenergan)184非特异投射系统(nonspecific projection system)168非条件反射(unconditioned reflex)248肥大性多发性神经炎(德杰伦-索特斯病)(hypertrophic polyneuritis)114腓骨肌萎缩症(夏科-马里-图思综合征) (peroneal muscular atrophy)183腓神经(腓总神经) (peroneal nerve)183腓总神经(common peroneal nerve)55肺性脑病(pulmono-encephalopathy)197分离性感觉缺失(dissociated sensory loss)71奋乃静(perphenazine)183弗里德希共济失调(少年脊髓型共济失调)(Friedreich’s ataxia)94弗鲁安综合征(脑脊液凝固综合征)(Froin’s syndrome)95氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)104福斯特-肯尼迪综合征(肯尼迪综合征,即额叶-视神经综合征)(Foster Kennedy syndrome)94福维尔综合征(麻痹),即脑桥内侧综合征(Foville’s syndrome, or paralysis)94福兹基尔病(三叉神经痛)(Fothergill’s disease)94辐辏反射(convergence reflex)58辅助运动区(supplementary motor area)230复视(diplopia)70复听(重听)(diplacusia)70副交感神经(parasympathetic nerve)180副交感神经元(parasympathetic neuron)180副神经(accessory nerve)2副肿瘤性神经系统综合征(paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome)180腹壁反射(abdominal reflex)1腹腔神经节(coeliac ganglion)54腹外侧核(nucleus ventralis lateralis)169腹型癫癎(abdominal epilepsy) 1G甘露醇(mannitol) 141肝豆状核变性(即Wilson病)(hepatolenticular degeneration)108肝昏迷(hepatic coma) 107肝脑变性(hepatocerebral degeneration)107肝性脊髓病(hepatic myelopathy)107肝性脑病(hepatic encephalopathy) 107感觉(知觉,情感)(feeling) 91感觉(sensation,or sense) 213感觉迟钝(dysesthesia)77感觉根(脊神经后根)(sensory root) 215感觉过敏(hyperesthesia)112感觉减退(hypoesthesia,or hypesthesia) 115感觉检查(sensory testing)215感觉平面(sensory level)214感觉缺失(麻木、麻醉)(anesthesia) 9感觉缺失(sensory loss)214感觉神经病(sensory neuropathy)215感觉神经根神经病(sensory radicular neuropathy) 215感觉神经末梢(sensory nerve ending) 214感觉神经元(sensory neuron)214感觉性癫癎发作(感觉性发作)(sensory seizure,or sensory epilepsy)215感觉性共济失调(sensibility ataxia) 213感觉性失语(sensory aphasia,or receptive aphasia) 214感觉异常(paresthesia) 181感觉异常性股痛(股外侧皮神经炎)(meralgia paresthetic) 146感受器(sensory receptor)215感受野(receptive field)204感知障碍(disturbance of perception)72感知综合障碍(psychosensory disturbance)196橄榄-脑桥-小脑萎缩(olivopontocerebellar atrophy, OPCA)173刚达反射(Gonda’s reflex)101肛门反射(anal reflex)8高尔斯征(Gowers’ sign)101高雪病(脑苷脂沉积病)(Gaucher’s disease)98高血钾性周期性瘫痪(遗传性发作性无力症)(hyperkalaemia periodic paralysis)112高血压(hypertension)113高血压脑病(hypertensive encephalopathy)113高压氧(hyperbaric oxygen)112高张力性脑积水(hypertonic hydrocephalus)114戈登反射(Gordon’s reflex)101格拉斯哥昏迷记分表(Glasgow coma scale, GCS)99格林-巴利综合征(急性感染性多发性神经根神经炎)(GuillainBarre syndrome)102格斯特曼综合征(角回综合征)(Gerstmann’s syndrome)99膈神经(phrenic nerve)185膈神经痛(phrenic neuralgia)185根痛(root pain)208跟腱反射[ankle jerk(reflex),or heel-tap reflex]9跟膝试验(跟膝胫试验)(heel-knee test)105更年期综合征(climacteric syndrome)53梗死(infarction)120弓形体病(toxoplasmosis)243弓形足(pes cavus)184功能性疼痛(functional pain)95肱二头肌反射(biceps reflex)27肱桡肌反射(supinator longus reflex)230肱三头肌反射(triceps reflex) 245共济失调(ataxia,or dyssynergia)18共济失调步态(ataxic gait)18共济失调-毛细血管扩张症(ataxia telangiectasia)18钩回发作(uncinate seizure) 248钩回疝(小脑幕裂孔疝)(uncinate herniation)248构音障碍(dysarthria)77构语困难(口吃)(dyslalia) 77孤束核(nucleus tractus solitarius)169古小脑(archicerebellum)15股内收肌反射(thigh adductor reflex) 240股神经(femoral nerve)91股四头肌反射(膝反射)(quadriceps reflex)200股外侧皮神经(lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh) 133骨化性肌炎(myositis ossific)157骨质增生(hyperostosis)113骨赘(骨刺)(osteophyte) 176固有束(fasciculi proprii) 90关节觉,即关节位置觉(joint sensation,position sense articular sensation,or joint position sense)189关系妄想(delusion of reference)67光反射(light reflex) 136光源性癫癎(photic epilepsy)185过度灌流综合征(luxury perfusion syndrome)139过敏(hypersensitivity) 113过指试验(past-pointing test)182H海马(hippocampus) 110海绵窦(cavernous sinus) 38海绵窦综合征(cavernous sinus syndrome)38核黄疸(kernicterus)130核间性眼肌麻痹(internuclear ophthalmoplegia)124核上性球麻痹(假性延髓麻痹) (supranuclear bulbar palsy)231核性眼肌麻痹(nuclear ophthalmoplegia)169黑质(substantia nigra)229亨特神经痛(Hunt’s neuralgia)111亨特萎缩(Hunt’s atrophy)110亨特综合征(Hunt’s syndrome)111亨廷顿舞蹈病,或亨廷顿病(即慢性进行性舞蹈病)(Huntington chorea,disease,HD)111横窦(transverse sinus)244横贯性脊髓炎(transverse myelitis)244横突孔(transverse foramen)244红斑性面痛(erythroprosopalgia)85红斑性肢痛症(erythromelalgia)85红核脊髓束(rubrospinal tract)209喉返神经(recurrrent laryngeal nerve)204后根(posterior root)191后交通动脉(posterior communicating artery)190后脑(hind-brain)110后索(posterior funiculus)191后天性肌强直(症状性肌强直) (myotonia acquisitus)158呼吸困难(dyspnea)78胡佛征(Hoover’s sign)110滑车神经(trochlear nerve)246化学性突触(chemical synapse)50踝反射(ankle jerk,or reflex)9环椎(atlas)19幻触(haptic hallucination,or tactile hallucination)104幻觉(hallucination)104幻视(visual hallucination) 257幻肢(phantom limb) 184幻肢痛(phantom limb pain) 184唤醒阈(arousal threshold) 16慌张步态(festination,or festinating gait) 92黄斑回避现象(macular sparing) 140黄变(xanthochromia)262灰质(gray matter)102灰质后角(posterior gray horn)191灰质前角(anterior gray horn)11回弹现象(rebound phenomenon) 203回忆(recall) 203会聚痉挛(convergence spasm)58会聚障碍(convergence defect)58秽语症(coprolalia)59昏迷(coma)55木僵(或昏呆)(stupor)226昏睡(sopor)219获得性反射(acquired reflex)3获得性免疫缺陷综合征(acquired immunodeficiency syndrome,AIDS)3获得性脑积水(acquired hydrocephalus)3霍夫曼征(弹指反射)(Hoffmann’s sign)110霍纳综合征(霍纳-伯纳综合征)(Horner’s syndrome,or HornerBernard syndrome)110J肌病(myopathy)157肌病步态(myopathic gait)157肌弛缓(肌张力缺乏)(myatonia)155肌电图(electromyogram(EMG))81肌反射(牵张反射) (muscular reflex)154肌肥大(myohypertrophia)157肌红蛋白尿(myoglobinuria)157肌紧张(muscle tonus)153肌痉挛(myospasm)157肌痉挛病(myospasmia)158肌力(muscle strength)153肌力分级(grading of muscle strength)101肌强直(myotonia)158肌强直性瞳孔(强直性瞳孔,即艾迪综合征) (myotonic pupil)158肌强直性营养不良(myotonic dystrophy)158肌(肉)(muscle)153肌肉痉挛(muscular spasm)154肌肉强直(肌僵直) (muscular rigidity)154肌溶解(myolysis)157肌伸张反射(myotatic reflex)158肌束颤搐(肉跳)(fasciculation)90肌束颤动(muscular fasciculation)154肌酸磷酸激酶(creatine phosphokinase, CPK)62肌梭(muscle spindle)153肌体积(muscle size)153肌痛(myalgia,or myodynia)154肌萎缩(amyotrophia,or muscular atrophy,myatrophy)8肌萎缩侧索硬化(amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)8肌无力(myasthenia, or amyasthenia)154肌无力危象(myasthenic crisis)155肌无力综合征(即伊顿-兰伯特综合征) (myasthenic syndrome)155肌纤维颤搐(肌颤搐或肌颤动) (myokymia,or fibrillar twitching)157肌纤维颤动(肌纤颤) (fibrillation, or muscular fibrillation)92肌炎(炎症性肌病)(myositis)157肌营养不良(muscular dystrophy, or myodystrophia,myodystrophy)154肌营养不良性肌强直症(强直性肌营养不良)(dystrophia myotonic)78肌源性疾病(肌病)(myogenic disease)157肌张力(muscular tone)154肌张力异常(低下)(dysmyotonia)78肌张力障碍(myodystonia)156肌阵挛(myoclonus,myospasia)156基底动脉(basilar artery)25基底神经节(basal ganglion)24基因诊断(gene diagnosis)98基因治疗(gene therapy)98即刻记忆(瞬时记忆)(immediate memory)119急跳(反射)(jerk)128急性横贯性脊髓炎(acute transverse myelitis)4急性化脓性脊髓炎(acute suppurative myelitis)4急性肌张力障碍(acute dystonia)4急性脊髓前角灰质炎(acute poliomyelitis)4急性脊髓炎(acute myelitis)4急性脑综合征(acute brain syndrome)4疾病失认(anosognosia)10棘孔(foramen spinose)93嫉妒妄想(delusion of jealousy)66脊肌萎缩症(spinal muscular atrophy)223脊膜脊髓炎(meningomyelitis)145脊神经(spinal nerve)223脊神经根痛(radicular pain)202脊神经节(spinal ganglion)222脊髓(spinal cord,or spinal medulla)221脊髓半切综合征(即布朗-塞夸综合征)(spinal hemisection syndrome)223脊髓病(myelopathy)156脊髓出血(髓内出血)(hematomyelia)105脊髓挫伤(contusion of spinal cord)58脊髓发育不良(myelodysplasia)156脊髓灰质炎(小儿麻痹症)(poliomyelitis,or polio)187脊髓脊膜膨出(meningomyelocele, or myelomeningocele)145脊髓脊神经病(myeloradiculopathy)156脊髓脊神经根炎(myeloradiculitis)156脊髓空洞症(syringomyelia)233脊髓痨(tabes dorsalis)234脊髓裂(myeloschisis)156脊髓前动脉(anterior spinal artery)11脊髓丘脑侧束(lateral spinothalamic tract)134脊髓丘脑前束(anterior spinothalamic tract)12脊髓丘脑束(脊丘束)(spinothalamic tract)224脊髓软化(myelomalacia)156脊髓小脑(旧小脑) (spinocerebellum)224脊髓小脑束(spinocerebellar tract)224脊髓小脑性共济失调(spinocerebellar ataxia)224脊髓炎(myelitis)156脊髓圆锥(conus medullaris)58脊髓震荡(concussion of spinal cord)56脊髓中央综合征(central spinal cord syndrome)39脊髓蛛网膜下腔梗阻(spinal subarachnoid block)223脊髓蛛网膜炎(脊髓蛛网膜粘连) (spinal arachnoiditis)221脊髓纵裂(diplomyelia)70脊索瘤(chordoma)51脊休克(脊髓休克) (spinal shock)223脊柱(vertebral column)253脊柱侧凸(scoliosis) 212脊柱裂(spina bifida)220脊柱前凸(lordosis)137(脊)椎管(spinal canal)221计算不能(acalculia)2计算机断层扫描(computerized tomography,CT)56记忆(memory)144记忆错误(paramnesia)179记忆减退(hypomnesis)116记忆缺失(amnesia)7记忆增强(hypermnesia)112记忆障碍(disturbance(disorder) of memory)72继发性脑积水(acquired hydrocephalus)3继发性失眠(secondary insomnia)212家族性进行性脊肌萎缩(familial progressive spinal muscular atrophy)90家族性痉挛性截瘫(familial spastic paraplegia)90家族性震颤(特发性震颤)(familial tremor)90家族性自主神经失调(familial dysautonomia)89家族性周期性瘫痪(familial periodic paralysis)90假单极神经元(pseudo-unipolar neuron)196假性痴呆(pseudodementia)195假性肥大性肌营养不良(杜兴肌营养不良)(pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy)195假性视乳头水肿(pseudopapilledema)195假性延髓麻痹(核上性延髓麻痹)(pseudobulbar palsy)195尖头(turrecephaly,turricephaly)246间接对光反射(indirect light reflex)120间脑(diencephalon)69间歇性跛行(intermittent claudication)122间质性脑水肿(interstitial brain edema)124肩胛肱骨反射(scapulohumeral reflex)210缄默症(不言症)(mutism)154剪刀样步态(scissor gait)211睑痉挛(blepharospasm)28睑裂扩大(blepharodiastasis)28睑阵挛(blepharoclonus)28健康(health)105腱反射(tendon reflex)238僵人综合征(stiff-man syndrome)226僵住症(catalepsy)36交叉性偏瘫(crossed hemiplegia,or
hemiplegia cruciata)62交感干(sympathetic trunk)231交感神经(sympathetic nerve)231交通性脑积水(communication hydrocephalus)55胶质瘤(glioma)100胶质增生(gliosis)100焦虑(anxiety)13焦虑性神经症(焦虑症)(anxiety neurosis)13角弓反张(opisthotonos)174角膜反射(corneal reflex)59角膜下颌反射(corneomandibular reflex)59节前神经元(preganglionic neuron)192杰克逊癫癎(jacksonian epilepsy)128杰克逊综合征(即迷走神经-副神经-舌下神经麻痹综合征)(Jackson’s syndrome)128拮抗肌(antagonist muscle)10结构性失用(constructional apraxia)58结节硬化症(tuberous sclerosis, or epiloia)246结膜反射(conjunctival reflex)57睫毛反射(eyelash reflex)87睫状神经节(ciliary ganglion)52睫状神经痛(ciliary neuralgia)52截瘫(paraplegia)180戒断综合征(abstinence syndrome,or withdrawal syndrome)2紧张性头痛(tension headache)238紧张症(catatonia)37近事遗忘(recent amnesia)204进行性多灶性白质脑病(progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)193进行性核上性麻痹(progressive supranuclear palsy)194进行性脊肌萎缩症(progressive spinal muscular atrophy syndrome)194进行性延髓麻痹(progressive bulbar palsy)193经皮质感觉性失语(transcortical sensory aphasia)243经皮质运动性失语(transcortical motor aphasia)243惊厥(convulsion)58惊恐发作(panic attack)178精神病(psychosis)197精神病学(psychiatry)196精神错乱(amentia)7精神发育不全(智能发育不全、精神发育迟缓)(mental retardation,or mental deficiency)146精神分裂症(schizophrenia)211精神疾患(障碍)(mental disorder)145精神衰退(mental deterioration)145精神卫生(mental health)146精神运动(psychomotor)196精神运动兴奋(psychomotor excitement)196精神运动性癫癎(精神运动性发作)(psychomotor epilepsy)196精神运动性发作(psychomotor seizure)196精神运动抑制(psychomotor retardation)196颈动脉窦(carotid sinus)35颈动脉窦反射(carotid sinus reflex)36颈动脉窦过敏(carotid sinus hypersensitivity)36颈动脉窦过敏综合征(颈动脉窦性晕厥) (hyperirritable carotid sinus syndrome)112颈动脉窦性晕厥(carotid sinus syncope)36颈动脉窦综合征(carotid sinus syndrome)36颈动脉海绵窦瘘(carotid-cavernous fistula)35颈动脉虹吸部(carotid siphon)36颈动脉体(carotid body)35颈动脉小球(glomus carotid)100颈动脉血管造影(carotid angiography)35颈静脉孔(jugular foramen)129颈静脉孔综合征(舌咽-迷走-副神经综合征,也称韦内综合征)(jugular foramen syndrome)129颈肋(cervical rib)49颈肋综合征(cervical rib syndrome)49颈内动脉(internal carotid artery)123颈内动脉系统(internal carotid arterial system)124颈内静脉(internal jugular vein)124颈膨大(cervical enlargement)49颈强直(neck rigidity)159颈神经丛(cervical plexus)49颈性强直(cervical rigidity)49颈性眩晕(cervical vertigo)49胫神经(tibial nerve)241痉挛(spasm)219痉挛步态(spastic gait)219痉挛性发音困难(spastic dysphonia)219痉挛性截瘫(spastic paraplegia)219痉挛性偏瘫(spastic hemiplegia)219痉挛性瘫痪(上运动神经元性瘫痪;硬瘫;中枢性瘫痪)(spastic paralysis)219痉挛性瞳孔扩大(spastic mydriasis)219痉挛性斜颈(spasmodic torticollis)219痉挛状态(spasticity)220静脉窦(硬脑膜静脉窦)(venous sinuses)251静脉造影(venography)251静息电位(resting potential)206静息膜电位(resting membrane potential)205静止性震颤(static tremor)225静坐不能(akathisia)6酒精中毒(alcoholism)6酒醉步态(drunken gait)75旧纹状体(paleostriatum)177旧小脑(脊髓小脑)(paleocerebellum)177局部环路(local circuit)137局部脑血流量(regional cerebral blood flow,rCBF)205局部神经元(中间神经元)(local neuron)137局灶性癫癎发作(简称局灶性发作)(focal seizure)93巨脑回(macrogyria)140巨脑症(megalencephaly)143巨头(macrocephaly)140巨细胞动脉炎(giant cell arteritis)99倦睡(drowsiness)74觉醒(wakefulness)259K咖啡牛奶色斑(Cafe-au-lait spots)34卡马西平(carbamazepine)34开颅术(craniotomy)62凯-弗环(K-F环)(Kayser-Fleischer ring)130康复(治疗)(rehabilitation)205抗胆碱酯酶药(anticholinesterase drug)12抗焦虑药(anti-anxiety drug)12抗惊厥剂(anticonvulsant drug)13抗精神病药(强安定剂)(antipsychotic drug)13抗忧郁药(antidepressant drug)13抗躁狂药(anti-manic drug)13柯萨可夫综合征(病) (Korsakoff’s syndrome)131库欣现象(Cushing’s phenomenon)62颏(下颌)反射(chin (jerk) reflex)50壳(核) (putamen)199咳嗽性晕厥(cough syncope)60可逆性缺血性神经功能缺失(reversible ischaemic neurologic deficits,RIND)207克隆普克麻痹(下臂丛麻痹) (Klumpke’s paralysis)131克洛德综合征(Claude’s syndrome)53克尼格征(Kernig’s sign)130刻板症(stereotypy)225肯尼迪综合征(福斯特-肯尼迪综合征) (Kennedy’s syndrome)130空间定向力障碍(spatial disorientation)220恐怖(恐怖症) (phobia,or phobic neurosis)185恐惧(fear)91口吃(stammer, or stuttering)225口轮匝肌反射(orbicularis oris reflex)176叩击性肌强直(percussive myotonia)182叩诊(percussion)182扣带回(cingulum gyrus)52夸大妄想(delusion of grandeur)66跨膜静息电位(transmembrane resting potential)244跨神经元性突触变性(transneuronal synaptic degeneration)244跨越步态(steppage gait)225快波睡眠(fast wave sleep(FWS))91快速眼动睡眠(rapid eye movement sleep,REM)202狂犬病(恐水病)(rabies)201奎肯斯提特试验(压颈试验)(Queckenstedt’s test)200昆克病(血管神经性水肿)(Quincke’s disease)200L拉塞格征(直腿抬高试验)(Lasegue’s sign)133蜡样屈曲(wax flexibility)259赖利-戴综合征(家族性自主神经功能失调)(Riley-Day syndrome)208兰伯特-伊顿综合征(Lambert-Eaton syndrome)132兰德里-格林-巴利综合征(格林-巴利综合征)(Landry-GuillainBarre syndrome)132兰德里麻痹(急性上升性脊髓炎)(Landry’s paralysis)132郎飞结(Ranvier’s node)202老年斑(senile plaque)213老年步态(senile gait)213老年性痴呆(senile dementia)213老年性舞蹈症(senile chorea)213老年性震颤(senile tremor)213勒伯病(遗传性视神经萎缩)(Leber’s disease)135雷弗素姆病(遗传性共济失调性多发性神经病)(Refsum’s disease)205雷克林格豪森病(神经纤维瘤病)(Recklinghausen’s disease)204雷诺病(Raynaud’s disease)202雷诺现象(Raynaud’s phenomenon)202肋骨锁骨综合征(costoclavicular syndrome)60肋间神经痛(intercostal neuralgia)122类固醇肌病(steroid myopathy)225类脂沉积病(lipoidosis)136冷觉缺失(arrhigosis)16李特病(即脑性瘫痪) (Little’s disease)137立克次体脑炎(rickettsial encephalitis)207利他林(哌甲酯) (ritalin)208联带运动(synkinesis)232联络神经元(associate neuron)17联想迟缓(retardation of association)206联想散漫(incoherence of association)119联想障碍(disturbance of association)71联想中断(interruption of association)124脸面失认(prosopagnosia)195良性发作性眩晕(benign paroxysmal vertigo)26良性假肥大型肌营养不良(Becker综合征)(benign pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy)27良性颅内压增高(假脑瘤综合征)(benign intracranial hypertension) 26良性特发性震颤(benign essential tremor)26良性位置性眩晕(benign positional vertigo)27良性无菌性脑膜炎(benign aseptic meningitis)26两点辨别(two-point discrimination)246流行性癔症(epidemic hysteria)83瘤卒中(haemorrhage into tumour)104颅(cranium)62颅底骨折(basilar fracture)25颅底陷入症(basilar invagination)25颅骨(skull)216颅骨早期融合(craniosynostosis)61颅后窝(cranial fossa, posterior)61颅减压术(decompression of cranium)64颅裂畸形(cranioschisis)61颅内低压综合征(intracranial hypotension syndrome)125颅内压(intracranial pressure,ICP)125颅内压增高[increased(raised)intracranial pressure]120颅前窝(cranial fossa, anterior)61颅腔积气(pneumocephalus)187颅狭小(craniostenosis)61颅咽管瘤(craniopharyngioma)61颅中窝(cranial fossa, middle)61氯丙咪嗪(安拿芬尼)(clomipramine)53氯丙嗪(chlorpromazine)50氯氮平(clozapine)54氯氮䓬(利眠宁)(chlordiazepoxide)50卵圆孔(foramen oval)93轮替运动(alternate motion)7轮替运动障碍(dysdiadochokinesia)77罗兰多沟(大脑半球中央沟)(Rolando’s sulcus)208罗梭里莫(征)反射(Rossolimo’s reflex,or sign)209罗西-雷维(病)综合征(腓骨肌萎缩型共济失调)(Roussy-Levy syndrome)209M麻痹(palsy)178麻木(numbness,or anesthesia)169麻醉(anesthesia)9麦丘恩征,即(头)破罐音(Macewen’s sign)140马里共济失调(遗传性痉挛性共济失调,遗传性小脑性共济失调)(Marie’s ataxia)141马尾(cauda equina)37迈斯纳小体(触觉小体)(Meissner’s corpuscle)144脉络丛(choroid plexus)51脉络膜前动脉(anterior choroidal artery)10慢病毒感染(slow virus infection)217慢波睡眠(slow wave sleep, SWS)217慢性进行性舞蹈病(亨廷顿病)chronic progressive chorea)51慢性脑综合征(痴呆综合征)(chronic brain syndrome)51盲点(暗点)(blind spot)28毛发感觉(trichoaesthesia)245毛发感觉缺失(trichoanesthesia)245毛细血管扩张(telangiectasia)236帽状腱膜(galea aponeurotica)97眉间反射(glabellar reflex)99梅杰综合征(睑痉挛-口下颌肌张力障碍综合征)(Meige’s syndrome)143梅尼埃病(综合征),即内耳眩晕症(Meniere’s disease, syndrome)144朦胧状态(twilight state)246梦魇(恶梦) (nightmare)168梦样状态(dream-like state)74梦游(somnambulism)218弥漫性硬化(diffuse sclerosis)70迷路(内耳) (labyrinth)132迷路反射(labyrinthine reflex)132迷路炎(labyrinthitis)132迷走舌咽神经痛(vagoglossopharyngeal neuralgia)250迷走神经(vagus nerve)250米耶德-古伯勒瘫痪(综合征),即脑桥外侧综合征,也称交叉性面肌偏瘫综合征(Millard-Gubler paralysis, syndrome)149面肌抽搐(facial tic)89面肌痉挛(facial spasm)89面肩肱肌营养不良(facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy)89面具脸(mask like face)142面偏侧萎缩症(facial hemiatrophy)89面神经(facial nerve)89面瘫(贝尔麻痹)(prosopoplegia) 195明适应(light adaptation)136命名不能(anomia)9命名性失语(nominal aphasia, or anomic aphasia)168膜电位(membrane potential)144莫罗反射(拥抱反射)(Moro’s reflex)150N内侧丘系(medial lemniscus)142内侧纵束(medial longitudinal fasciculus)142内分泌性肌病(endocrine myopathy)83内囊(internal capsule)123内脏感觉(visceral sense)256内脏神经痛(visceral neuralgia)256内脏痛(visceral pain)256纳洛酮(naloxone)159耐药性(或耐受)(tolerance)241囊泡(vesicle)253囊性脊柱裂(spina bifida cystica)221脑(脊)膜(meninges)144脑(脊)膜膨出(meningocele)145脑(脊)膜炎(meningitis)145脑(brain)29脑白质营养不良症(leukodystrophy)136脑病(encephalopathy)82脑成像(brain imaging)30脑出血(cerebral haemorrhage)44脑挫伤(cerebral contusion,or contusion of brain)42脑电图(electroencephalogram(EEG))81脑动脉瘤(aneurysm of brain)9脑动脉硬化性痴呆(cerebro-arteriosclerotic dementia)47脑干(brain stem)31脑干听觉诱发电位(brain stem auditory evoked potentials,BAEP)31脑苷脂沉积病(高雪病)(cerebrosidosis, or cerebroside lipidosis) 48脑梗死(cerebral infarction,or infarction of brain)45脑灌注不足(cerebral hypoperfusion)44脑灌注过度(cerebral hyperperfusion)44脑回波检查(echoencephalography)80脑积水(hydrocephalus)111脑积水性脑水肿(间质性脑水肿)(hydrocephalic brain edema)111脑及脑膜膨出(encephalomeningocele)82脑脊髓病(encephalomyelopathy)82脑脊髓炎(encephalomyelitis)82脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)48脑脊液鼻漏(cerebrospinal rhinorrhea)48脑面血管瘤病(神经皮肤血管瘤病)(encephalo-facial angiomatosis)82脑膜瘤(meningioma)144脑膜瘤病(meningiomatosis)145脑膜脑膨出(meningoencephalocele)145脑膜脑炎(meningoencephalitis,or encephalomeningitis)145脑膜中动脉(middle meningeal artery)148脑内出血(intracerebral haemorrhage)125脑内盗血现象(intracerebral steal phenomenon)125脑囊虫病(cerebral cysticercosis, or cysticercosis of brain)43脑脓肿(cerebral abscess,or brain abscess)41脑膨出(encephalocele)82脑皮质电图(electrocorticogram)81脑桥(pons)188脑桥侧视中枢(pontine centre for lateral gaze)189脑桥出血(pontine haemorrhage)189脑缺血(cerebral ischemia)45脑缺血反应(brain ischemic response)31脑缺血阈值(ischemic threshold)127脑软化(cerebral malacia,or encephalomalacia)45脑扫描(brain scanning)31脑室(ventricle of the brain)251脑室出血(ventricular hemorrhage)252脑室穿刺(ventricular puncture)252脑室炎(ventriculitis)252脑室造影(或心室造影)(venticulography)252脑栓塞(cerebral embolism)43脑水肿(brain edema,or cerebral edema)30脑死亡(brain death)30脑死亡综合征(brain death syndrome)30脑型肺吸虫病(cerebral paragonimiasis)45脑性双侧瘫痪症(cerebral diplegia)43脑性瘫痪(cerebral palsy)45脑血管痉挛(cerebral vasospasm)47脑血管意外(脑卒中或中风)(cerebrovascular accident,or cerebral vascular accidents)48脑血管造影(cerebral angiography)42脑血流量(cerebral blood flow(CBF))42脑血栓(脑血栓形成)(cerebral thrombosis)46脑血吸虫病(cerebral schistosomiasis)46脑炎(encephalitis)82脑叶萎缩(lobar cerebral atrophy)137脑隐球菌病(cryptococcosis of brain)62脑震荡(concussion of brain)56脑肿瘤[brain tumo(u)r]31脑蛛网膜炎(arachnoiditis)15脑卒中,或中风(apoplexy)14脑桥外侧综合征(lateral pons syndrome)133尼氏体(Nissl's bodies)168逆行性跨神经元溃变(retrograde transneuronal degeneration) 207逆行性遗忘(retrograde amnesia)207尿毒症性脑病(uremic encephalopathy)249尿反射(膀胱反射) (urinary reflex)249尿失禁(incontinence of urine)120颞侧偏盲(temporal hemianopia)237颞动脉(temporal artery)237颞动脉炎(temporal arteritis)236颞叶(temporal lobe)237颞叶癫癎(temporal lobe epilepsy)237扭转痉挛(torsion spasm)243扭转性肌张力障碍(扭转痉挛) (torsion dystonia)243诺特纳格尔瘫痪(综合征) (Nothnagel's paralysis, or syndrome)169O欧勃肌营养不良(Erb's muscular dystrophy)85欧勃麻痹(上臂丛麻痹)(Erb' s palsy, or paralysis)85呕吐(vomiting)258呕吐反射(vomiting reflex)258P帕金森病(Parkinson's disease, PD)181帕金森综合征(Parkinson's syndrome, or parkinsonism)181帕里-罗伯格综合征(Parry-Romberg syndrome)182帕里诺综合征(上视不能) (Parinaud' s syndrome)181排尿性晕厥(micturition syncope)147哌甲酯(即利他林) (methylphenidate)147潘迪试验(Pandy' s test)178蹒跚步态(肌病步态、鸭步) (wadding gait)259旁中央小叶(paracentral lobule)179疱疹后神经痛(post herpetic neuralgia)190佩斯呢小体(环层小体)(Pacini’s corpuscles)177喷嚏反射(鼻反射)(sneezing reflex)217皮肤划痕症(dermatographia)69皮肤书写觉(graphesthesia)102皮肌炎(dermatomyositis)69皮节分布(dermatome patterns)69皮克病(脑叶萎缩)(Pick’s disease)186皮质(cortex)59皮质脊髓侧束(lateral corticospinal tract)133皮质脊髓前束(anterior corticospinal tract)11皮质脊髓束(corticospinal tract)60皮质觉(cortical sensation)59皮质-纹状体-脊髓变性(Jakob-Creutzfeldt病)(cortico-striate-spinal degeneration)60皮质下动脉硬化性脑病(Binswanger病)(subcortical arteriosclerotic encephalopathy)228皮质小脑(新小脑)(cerebro-cerebellum)47皮质延髓束(corticobulbar tract)60偏侧肥大(hemihypertrophy)106偏侧感觉缺失(偏身感觉缺失)(hemianaesthesia)106偏侧忽视(unilateral neglect)248偏侧肌无力(hemiamyasthenia)106偏侧面痉挛(hemifacial spasm)106偏侧帕金森病(hemiparkinsonism)106偏侧神经痛(hemialgia)106偏侧萎缩(hemiatrophy)106偏侧舞蹈病(hemichorea)106偏侧舞动(hemiballism)106偏盲(hemianopia)106偏瘫(hemiplegia)106偏瘫步态(hemiplegic gait)107偏瘫性头痛(hemiplegic migraine)107偏头痛(migraine)148胼胝体(corpus callosum)59胼胝体发育不全(callosal agenesis)34扑翼样震颤(asterixis)17浦肯野细胞(Purkinje' s cell)198普通感觉区(躯体感觉区)(general sensory area)98Q器官突然出血(apoplexy)14器质性疾病(organic disease)176牵涉痛(referred pain)204牵张反射(stretch reflex)226铅管样强直(lead pipe rigidity)134前根(ventral root,or anterior root)251前交通动脉(anterior communication artery)11前索(anterior funiculus)11前庭-动眼反射(vestibulo-ocular reflex)255前庭功能(vestibular function)254前庭脊髓束(vestibulospinal tract)255前庭神经(vestibular nerve)254前庭神经元炎(vestibular neuronitis)254前庭蜗神经(旧称听神经)(vestibulocochlear nerve)255前庭小脑(古小脑)(vestibulocerebellum)254前庭性眼震(vestibular nystagmus)254前斜角肌综合征(scalenus syndrome, or scalenus-anticus syndrome)210腔隙性梗死(腔隙状态) (lacunar infarction)132腔隙状态(lacunar state, or etat lacuna)132强迫观念(obsession)170强迫行为(compulsion)55强迫性冲动(obsessive impulses)170强迫性怀疑(obsessive doubt)170强迫性恐惧(obsessive phobia)170强迫性穷思竭虑(obsessive ruminations)170强迫性神经症(强迫症)(obsessive compulsive neurosis)170强直(rigidity)208强直性发作(tonic seizure)242强直性反射(tonic reflex)242强直性肌营养不良症(myotonic muscular dystrophy)158强直性颈反射(tonic neck reflex)241强直性痉挛(tonic spasm,or tetanic spasm)242强直性瞳孔(艾迪综合征)(tonic pupil)242强制性哭笑(强哭强笑)(forced weeping and laughing)93轻度脑功能障碍(minimal brain dysfunction)149轻截瘫(paraparesis)180轻偏瘫(hemiparesis)106轻瘫(不完全性麻痹)(paresis)181情感(affect)5情感淡漠(apathy)14情感休克(emotional shock)81情绪(emotion)81情绪不稳(emotional instability)81情绪低落(抑郁症)(depression)68情绪高涨(elation)80丘脑(背侧丘脑)(thalamus)239丘脑腹后内侧核(ventral posteromedial nucleus)251丘脑腹后外侧核(ventral posterolateral nucleus)251丘脑综合征(德杰伦-罗斯综合征)(thalamic syndrome)239球后视神经炎(retrobulbar neuritis)207屈反射(flexion reflex)92躯干共济失调(truncal ataxia)246躯体感觉(somatesthetic sensation)218躯体感觉区(普通感觉区) (somatesthetic area)218去大脑(decerebration)64去极化(depolarization)68去甲肾上腺素(noradrenaline)168去脑强直(decerebrate rigidity)64去皮质状态(decorticated state)64去神经(失神经)(denervation)68去同步化睡眠(快波睡眠,或快速眼动睡眠)(desynchronized sleep)69全面性强直-阵挛发作(generalized tonoclonic seizure)99全脑炎(panencephalitis)178缺血半影区(ischemic penumbra)127缺血性梗死(ischemic infarct)126缺血性肌病(ischemic myopathy)126缺血性脑血管病(ischemic cerebrovascular disease)126缺血性神经病(ischemic neuropathy)126R桡反射(radial reflex)201桡骨膜反射(桡反射) (radial periosteal reflex)201桡神经(radial nerve)201热温觉迟钝(thermhypesthesia)239热温觉过敏(thermhyperesthesia)239热温觉缺失(thermanesthesia)239人格解体(depersonalization)68人工冬眠(artificial hibernation)17褥疮(bedsore, or decubitus)25软(松弛或肌张力低)(flaccid)92软脊膜(spinal pia)223软脑(脊)膜(pia mater)185软脑膜(leptomeninges, or pia mater encephalic)135软偏瘫(flaccid hemiplegia)92软瘫(flaccid paralysis)92弱安定剂(minor tranquilizer)149S三叉丘系(trigeminal lemniscus)245三叉神经(trigeminal nerve)245三叉神经痛(trigeminal neuralgia,or trifacial neuralgia)245三角肌反射(deltoid reflex)66三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)4色觉(colour sense)55闪电样痛(lightning pain)136闪光幻觉(photopsia, photopsy)185闪光性暗点(teichopsia)236上睑下垂(ptosis)197上丘(superior colliculus)230上丘脑(epithalamus)85上矢状窦(superior sagittal sinus)230上运动神经元性瘫痪(锥体束综合征)(upper motor neuron paralysis)249少汗(hypohidrosis)115少年型肌阵挛癫癎(冲动性小发作)(juvenile myoclonic epilepsy)129少突胶质细胞(oligodendrocyte, or oligodendroglia cell)173舌萎缩(tongue atrophy)241舌下神经(hypoglossal nerve)115舌咽神经(glossopharyngeal nerve)101舌咽神经痛(glossopharyngeal neuralgia)101舍费尔反射(Schaeffer's reflex)
210深反射(deep reflex)65深感觉(depth perception)68神经(nerve)160神经病(neuropathy)165神经病学(neurology)164神经病学专家(神经科专家) (neurologist)164神经冲动(nerve impulse)161神经传导速度(conduction velocity of nerve, or nerve conduction velocity)57神经丛(neuroplexus)166神经递质(neurotransmitter)167神经调质(简称调质) (neuromodulators)165神经放射学(neuroradiology)166神经根切断术(rhizotomy)207神经根炎(radiculitis)202神经活检(nerve biopsy)160神经肌接头(运动终板) (myoneural junction)157神经肌肉疾病(neuromuscular disease, or neuromyopathy)165神经肌肉接头(neuromuscular junction)165神经肌炎(neuromyositis)165神经激素(neurohormone)164神经疾病(nervous disease) 161神经胶质(neuroglia)164神经胶质细胞(neuroglia cell, or neurogliocyte)164神经节(ganglion)97神经节苷脂沉积病(gangliosidosis)97神经解剖学(neuroanatomy)162神经精神病学(neuropsychiatry)166神经科学(neuroscience)166神经淋巴(脑脊液) (neurolymph)164神经瘤(neuroma)165神经免疫内分泌学(neuroimmunoendocrinology)164神经膜(neurilemma, or neurolemma)162神经末梢(nerve ending)160神经内分泌细胞(neuroendocrine cell)163神经鞘磷脂沉积症(sphingomyelinosis)220神经鞘瘤(schwannoma,schwannoglioma)211神经鞘膜瘤(neurilemmoma,or neurinoma)162神经切除术(neurectomy)162神经切断术(neurotomy)167神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)161神经生物学(neurobiology)162神经失用症(neurapraxia)161神经视网膜炎(neuroretinitis)166神经衰弱(neurasthenia)161神经肽(neuropeptide)166神经痛(neuralgia)161神经痛性肌萎缩(neuralgic amyotrophy)161神经外科学(neurosurgery)166神经微管(简称微管)(neuromicrotube)165神经系统(nervous system)161神经细胞(即神经元)(nerve cell)160神经细丝(neurofilament)163神经纤维(nerve fiber)160神经纤维瘤(neurofibroma)163神经心理学(neuropsychology)166神经性耳聋(nerve deafness)160神经性痉挛(neurospasm)166神经炎(neuritis)162神经营养因子(neurotrophic factor)167神经元(neuron)165神经元炎(neuronitis)165神经原纤维(neurofibril,or neurofibrilla)163神经源性膀胱(反射性膀胱) (neurogenic bladder)163神经源性疾病(neurogenic disease)163神经源性休克(neurogenic shock)163神经症(神经官能症) (neurosis)166神经症性抑郁(neurotic depression)166神经支配(innervation)121神经中断(断裂) (neurotmesis)167神经阻滞(nerve block)160神经组织(nerve tissue)161神游症(fugue)95肾上腺脑白质营养不良(adrenoleukodys trophy)5肾上腺素(adrenaline)5肾上腺素受体(adrenoceptor)5肾性脑病(nephro- encepha lopathy)160生理性震颤(physiological tremor)185生命体征(vital signs)258生命中枢(vital center)258生物反馈(biofeedback)27生物反馈治疗(biofeedback therapy)27生物钟(biological clock)28声嘶(hoarseness)110失读(失读症)(alexia)6失禁(incontinence)120失眠(insomnia, or hyposomnia)121失认(agnosia)5失神发作(absence seizure)1失算症(acalculia)2失写(失写症)(agraphia)5失音(失音症)(aphonia)14失音(loss of voice)138失音乐症(amusia)8失用性失写(apraxic agraphia)14失用症(apraxia)14失语(aphasia)14实体觉(stereognosis,or stereognostic sense)225实体觉缺失(astereognosis)17实质性疾病(parenchymatous disease)180实质性疼痛(parenchymatous pain)181食欲(appetite)14视错觉(visual illusion,or optic illusion, optical illusion)257视动性眼震(optokinetic nystagmus)175视辐射(visual radiation)257视觉(vision)256视觉空间失认(visual spatial agnosia)258视觉缺失(失明或盲)(blindness)28视觉失认(visual agnosia)256视觉诱发电位(visual evoked potential(VEP))257视路(visual pathway)257视皮质(视区)(visual cortex,or visual area)257视乳头水肿(papilledema)179视乳头炎(papillitis)179视神经(optic nerve)175视神经脊髓炎(neuromyelitis optical)165视神经交叉(视交叉)(optic chiasm)174视神经盘(视盘,即视神经乳头)(optic disc)174视神经萎缩(optic atrophy)174视神经炎(optic neuritis)175视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cell)207视物变形(dysmorphopsia,or metamorphopsia)78视物显大症(macropsia)140视物显多(polyopia,polyopsia)188视物显小症(micropsia)147视野(visual field)257视诊(inspection)122室管膜(ependyma)83室管膜囊肿(ependymal cyst)83室管膜肿瘤(ependymoma)83嗜睡(somnolence, or lethargy)219嗜苏丹性脑白质营养不良(sudanophilic leukodystrophy)230手指失认(finger agnosia)92手指失用(finger apraxia)92手足搐搦症(tetany)239手足徐动症(athetosis)19受体(感受器) (receptor)204书写痉挛(writer cramp)261书写障碍(dysgraphia)77枢椎(第二颈椎)(axis)21树突(dendrite)67树突棘(dendrite spine)68数字减影血管造影(digital subtracted angiography,DSA)70双鼻侧偏盲(binasal hemianopia)27双侧偏盲(bilateral hemianopia)27双侧瘫(diplegia)70双极神经元(bipolar cell)28双颞侧偏盲(bitemporal hemianopia)28双重人格(double personality)74水平性偏盲(altitudinal hemianopia)7睡病(sleeping sickness)217睡眠剥夺(sleep deprivation)216睡眠发作(narcoleptic attack)159睡眠过度(hypersomnia) 113睡眠瘫痪(sleep paralysis)216睡眠障碍(sleep disorder)216睡行症(梦游症)(sleep-walking)217顺行性跨神经元溃变(anterograde transneuronal degeneration) 12顺行性遗忘症(anterograde amnesia)12瞬目反射(blink reflex,or winking reflex)28思维(thinking)240思维化声(audile thought)19思维破裂(splitting of association)224思维显形(visible thought)256思维障碍(disorders of thought)71思维奔逸(flight of idea)93斯路德综合征(蝶腭神经节神经痛)(Sluder’s syndrome)217四叠体(corpora quadrigemina,or quadrigeminal bodies)59四肢轻瘫(tetraparesis)239四肢瘫(tetraplegia,or quadriplegia)239似不相识(陌生感)(jamais vu)128似曾相识(Deja vu)65松果体(pineal body)186诵读障碍(dyslexia)77速尿(furosemide)95髓核(nucleus pulp, or vertebral pulp)169髓内损害(intramedullary lesion)125髓鞘(myelin sheath)155髓外损害(extramedullary lesion)87梭内肌纤维(intrafusal fiber)125梭形动脉瘤(fusiform aneurysm)96锁骨下盗血综合征(subclavian steal syndrome)228T塔尔马病(继发性肌强直)(Talma's disease)234塔卡耶塞病(无脉症,又称主动脉弓综合征)(Takayasu's disease)234塔皮阿综合征(Tapia's syndrome)235塔-塞克斯病(家族性黑蒙性白痴) (Tay-Sachs disease)235瘫痪(paralysis)179唐氏综合征(伸舌痴愚、软白痴)(Down's syndrome)74糖尿病性神经炎(diabetic neuritis)69糖原沉积病(glycogen storage diseases)101特发性震颤(essential tremor)86特殊感觉(special sensation)220特异性投射系统(specific projection system)220疼痛(简称痛) (pain)177提睾反射(cremasteric reflex)62体层摄影(断层扫描) (tomography)241体感诱发电位(sensory evoked potential(SEP))214体位改变综合征(又称第四脑室肿瘤综合征) (postural change syndrome)192体象障碍(disturbance of body-image)71体征(sign)216条件反射(conditioned reflex)56条件刺激(conditioned stimulus)56跳动性眼球震颤(jerk nystagmus)128跳跃传导(saltatory conduction)210听反射(auditory reflex)20听幻觉(幻听)(auditory hallucination)20听觉(hearing)105听觉减退(重听) (hypacusia, hypacusis)111听觉性转眼反射(auditory-oculogyric reflex)20听区(听皮质)(auditory area)19听神经瘤(acoustic nerve tumour)3听源性癫癎发作(auditory seizure)20同步化睡眠(synchronized sleep)232同向偏盲(homonymous hemianopia)110瞳孔(pupil)198瞳孔不等大(anisocoria)9瞳孔等大(isocoria)127瞳孔对光反射(pupillary light reflex)198瞳孔反射(pupillary reflex)198瞳孔扩大(mydriasis)155瞳孔缩小(miosis)149痛觉(pain sensation)177痛觉过敏(hyperalgesia)111痛觉减退(hypalgesia)111痛觉缺失(analgesia)8痛温觉缺失(thermanalgesia)239痛性痉挛(cramp)61头痛(headache,or cephalalgia)105头晕(dizziness)72突触(synapse)231突触间隙(synaptic cleft)232突触体(synaptosome)232突触小泡(synaptic vesicles)232突触小体(synaptic knob)232吞咽反射(swallowing reflex)231吞咽障碍(dysphagia)78托德麻痹(Todd’s paralysis)241托基逊术(脑室脑池分流术)(Torkildsen's operation)243托拉萨-亨特综合征(眼肌麻痹型偏头痛)(Tolosa-Hunt syndrome)241托姆生病(先天性肌强直)(Thomsen's disease)240脱髓鞘(demyelination,or myelinolysis)67脱髓鞘疾病(demyelinating diseases)67W瓦勒变性(wallerian degeneration)259瓦伦伯格综合征(延髓外侧综合征) (Wallenberg' s syndrome)259外侧膝状体(lateral geniculate body)133外伤后癫癎(post-traumatic epilepsy)191外展麻痹(abducens paralysis)1完全性失语(global aphasia)100完全性瞳孔麻痹(absolute pupillary paralysis)1玩偶眼现象(doll's eye phenomenon)72腕管综合征(carpal tunnel syndrome)36腕下垂(wrist drop)261网状脊髓内侧束(脑桥网状脊髓束)(medial reticulospinal tract)142网状脊髓束(reticulospinal tract)207网状脊髓外侧束(lateral reticulospinal tract)133网状结构(reticular formation)206网状结构上行激动系统(ascending reticular activating system) 17妄想(delusion)66妄想状态(delusive state)67威尔逊病(肝豆状核变性)(Wilson's disease)260威律思环(大脑动脉环)(circle of Willis)52微管(microtubule)147微丝(microfilament)147韦伯麻痹(综合征),又称大脑脚综合征(Weber's paralysis)259韦伯试验(Weber' s test)260韦德尼格-霍夫曼病(婴儿脊肌萎缩症)(Werdnig-Hoffman disease)260韦内特综合征(颈静脉孔综合征,或舌咽-迷走-副神经综合征)(Vernet's syndrome)252韦尼克脑病(Wernicke's encephalopathy)260韦尼克失语(感觉性失语) (Wernicke' s aphasia)260违拗症(negativism)159维拉雷特综合征(Villaret's syndrome)256尾状核(caudate nucleus)37萎缩性肌强直(myotonia atrophic)158位听神经(auditory nerve)20位置觉(position sense)189位置觉缺失(atopognosia)19位置性低血压(体位性低血压)(postural hypotension)192位置性眼震(positional nystagmus)189味幻(gustatory hallucination)103味觉(taste sense)235味觉倒错(parageusia)179味觉减退(hypogeusia)115味觉区(taste area)235味觉障碍(dysgeusia)77温度觉(temperature sensation,or sense)236纹状体(corpus striatum,or striatum)59问诊(inquisition)121翁韦里希特病(肌阵挛性癫癎)(Unverricht's disease,or myoclonus)249蜗神经(cochlear nerve)54无脑畸形(anencephalus)8无髓鞘神经纤维(unmyelinated nerve fiber)249无髓鞘纤维(unmyelinated fiber)249舞蹈症(chorea)51舞动动作(投掷症)(ballism)23误诊(misdiagnosis)149X西登哈姆舞蹈病(小舞蹈病、风湿性舞蹈病)(Sydenham's chorea)231吸吮反射(sucking reflex)229膝反射(knee jerk)131膝跳反射(knee-jerk reflex)131膝状神经节神经痛(面神经痛,亨特综合征)(geniculate neuralgia)99习惯性痉挛(habit spasm)104细胞毒性脑水肿(cytotoxic brain edema)63下颌反射(jaw-jerk reflex,or jaw jerk)128下丘脑(hypothalamus)116下矢状窦(inferior sagittal sinus)121下运动神经元(lower motor neuron)138夏道克征(反射)(Chaddock's sign,or reflex)50夏科-马里-图思萎缩(病)(Charcot-Marie-Tooth atrophy)50先天性肌强直病(paramyotonia congenital)180先天性肌病(congenital myopathies)57先天性肌强直(myotonia congenital)158先天性肌无张力症(amyotonia congenital)8先天性脑积水(congenital hydrocephalus)57先天性眼球震颤(congenital nystagmus)57先天愚型(唐氏综合征,伸舌痴愚、软白痴)(mongolism)150先兆(aura)20线粒体(mitochondria)149线粒体肌病(mitochondrial myopathy)149腺苷酸环化酶(adenylcyclase, AC; or adenylate cyclase)5象限盲(quadrantanopsia)200小儿麻痹症(acute poliomyelitis)4小胶质细胞(microglial cell,or microglia)147小脑(cerebellum)41小脑扁桃体疝(枕骨大孔疝) (tonsillar hernia)242小脑步态(cerebellar gait)40小脑出血(cerebellar haemorrhage)40小脑后下动脉(posterior inferior cerebellar artery)191小脑回(microgyria,microgyrus)147小脑幕(tentorium cerebelli)239小脑幕裂孔疝(天幕疝、颞叶疝、海马疝或钩回疝)(tentorial herniation)238小脑上动脉(superior cerebellar artery)230小脑萎缩(cerebellar atrophy)40小脑性共济失调(cerebellar ataxia)39小脑延髓池(cerebello-medullary cistern)40小脑蚓部(vermis of the cerebellum)252小脑综合征(cerebellar syndrome)40小头畸形(microcephaly)147效应器(effector receptor)80楔束(fasciculus cuneatus)91歇斯底里(癔症)(hysteria)117协调(coordination)59协同肌(synergist muscle)232协同障碍(运用障碍)(dyspraxia)78斜颈(torticollis,or wry-neck)243斜坡(clivus)53斜视(squint,or strabismus)224写字过小征(micrographia)147谢尔德病(弥漫性轴周性脑炎)(Schilder's disease)210心悸(palpitation)178心境(mood)150心理学(psychology)196心理因素(mental factor)146心理治疗(精神治疗)(psychotherapy)197心身疾病(心理生理疾病)(psychosomatic disorder)197心性脑病(cardio-encephalopathy)35心脏复苏(cardiac resuscitation)35欣快(euphoria)86新生儿肌无力(neonatal myasthenia)160新斯的明(neostigmine)160新纹状体(neostriatum)160新小脑(皮质小脑) (neocerebellum)160囟门(fontanelle)93兴奋剂(stimulant)226兴奋性氨基酸(excitatory amino acid)86兴奋状态(excitement state)87星形胶质细胞或星形细胞(astrocyte)17星形胶质细胞瘤(astrocytoma)18行为(behavio(u)r)26杏仁核(amygdala nucleus)8胸腔出口综合征(thoracic outlet syndrome)240虚构(confabulation)57虚无妄想(nihilism)168虚性脑(脊)膜炎(meningism)145嗅幻觉(幻嗅) (olfactory hallucination)173嗅觉(olfaction)172嗅觉倒错(parosmia)181嗅觉减退(hyposmia)116嗅觉缺失(anosmia,or anosphrasia)10嗅觉障碍(dysosmia)78嗅神经(olfactory nerve)173旋前-旋后试验(pronation-supination test)194旋转性癫癎(epilepsia rotatory)84眩晕(vertigo)253雪-德雷格综合征(原发性体位性低血压)(Shy-Drager syndrome)216雪旺细胞(神经鞘细胞) (Schwann' s cell)211血管痉挛(vasospasm)250血管瘤(angioma)9血管神经性水肿(angioneurotic oedema)9血管性头痛(vascular headache)250血管性眩晕(vascular vertigo)250血管源性脑水肿(vasogenic brain edema)250血管造影(angiography)9血-脑脊液屏障(blood-cerebrospinal barrier)29血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)28血栓形成(thrombosis)240Y压觉(piesesthesia,or pressure sense)186压觉缺失(abarognosis)1压眼球反射(眼心反射)(eyeball-compression reflex)87鸭步(肌病步态)(duck gait)75牙关紧闭(trismus)246雅-克病(皮质-纹状体-脊髓变性)(Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease)128亚急性海绵状脑病(皮质-纹状体-脊髓变性)(subacute spongiform encephalopathy)227亚急性联合变性(subacute combined degeneration)227亚急性硬化性全脑炎(subacute sclerosing panencephalitis)227咽反射(gag reflex,or pharyngeal reflex)97烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体(烟碱受体)(nicotinic acetylcholine receptor,nAChR;or nicotinic receptor)167烟雾病(脑底异常血管网症)(moyamoya disease)152延髓(medulla oblongata)143延髓空洞症(syringobulbia)233延髓麻痹(球麻痹)(bulbar palsy)33延髓锥体(medullary pyramid)143言语表达障碍(dysphasia)78言语错乱(paraphasia)180言语障碍(speech disorder)220炎症性肌病(inflammatory myopathy)121盐酸苯海拉明(diphenhydramine hydrochloride)70颜色失认(colour agnosia)55眼辨距不良(ocular dysmetria)171眼底(optic fundus)174眼动危象(眼动痉挛)(oculogyric crisis, or oculogyric spasm)172眼感觉反射(oculosensory reflex)172眼肌病(ocular myopathy)171眼肌麻痹(ophthalmoplegia, or ocular palsy)173眼肌麻痹型偏头痛(ophthalmoplegic migraine)174眼肌营养不良(ocular muscular dystrophy)171眼睑反射(eyelid reflex)88眼轮匝肌反射(orbicularis oculi reflex)175眼球共济失调(ocular ataxia)171眼球跳动(ocular bobbing)171眼球突出(exophthalmos, or proptosis)87眼球震颤(nystagmus)169眼瞳孔反射(oculopupillary reflex)172眼心反射(oculocardiac reflex, or eyeball-heart reflex)172眼性晕厥(ocular vertigo)172眼-咽肌营养不良(oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy)172厌食症(anorexia)10腰丛(lumbar plexus)138腰骶丛(lumbosacral plexus)139腰骶膨大(lumbosacral enlargement)139腰膨大(lumber enlargement)138药物滥用(drug abuse)75药物依赖性(drug dependence)75药瘾(drug addiction)75药源性肌病(drug-induced myopathy)75夜惊(night-terror)168一级预防(病因预防)(primary prevention)193伊顿-兰伯特综合征(肌无力综合征,又称癌性肌无力)(EatonLambert syndrome)80遗传性感觉神经病(hereditary sensory neuropathy)108遗传性感觉神经根神经病(hereditary sensory radicular neuropathy)108遗传性共济失调(hereditary ataxia)108遗传性共济失调性多发性神经病(雷弗素姆病)(hereditary ataxic polyneuropathy)108遗传性痉挛性共济失调(Marie共济失调)(hereditary spastic ataxia)109遗传性视神经萎缩(勒伯病)(Leber's optic atrophy)135遗传性小脑性共济失调(Marie共济失调)(hereditary cerebellar ataxia)108遗传性震颤(hereditary tremor)109遗尿(enuresis)83遗忘症(amnesia)7遗忘综合征(amnestic syndrome)7疑病妄想(hypochondriacal delusion)115疑病症(hypochondria,or hypochondriasis)114乙酰胆碱(acetylcholine(Ach))2乙酰胆碱脂酶(acetylcholinesterase(AchE))2乙状窦(sigmoid sinus)216异丙嗪(非那根)(promethazine)194异染性白质脑病(异染性白质萎缩或营养不良)(metachromatic leukoencephalopathy)146异食症(异食癖)(pica)186异相睡眠(paradoxical sleep) 179异向性视野缺损(异名性偏盲)(incongruous field defect)119抑郁性神经症(depressive neurosis)68抑郁状态(depressive state)68抑制状态(retardative state)206易暗示性(suggestability)230疫苗性脑脊髓炎(vaccine encephalomyelitis)250意识(consciousness)57意识模糊(意识混浊)(clouding of consciousness,or confusion)54意识缺失(丧失) (unconsciousness)248意识丧失(昏迷)(loss of consciousness, or coma)138意识障碍(disturbance of consciousness)71意向性震颤(运动性震颤) (intention tremor)122意志减弱(hypobulia)114意志增强(hyperbulia)112翼状肩胛(winged scapula)261癔症大发作(hysterical seizure)118癔症球(梅核气)(globus hysteric)100癔症性盲(hysterical blindness)117癔症性假性痴呆(hysterical pseudodementia)118癔症性偏瘫(hysterical hemiplegia)117癔症性失聪(hysterical deafness)117癔症性失音(hysterical aphonia)117癔症性瘫痪(hysterical paralysis)117癔症性遗忘(hysterical amnesia)117癔症性震颤(hysterical tremor)118阴部神经(pudendal nerve)197饮食过多(hyperphagia)113饮食治疗(dietary therapy)70蚓部(vermis)252隐球菌脑膜炎(cryptococcal meningitis)62隐性脊柱裂(spina bifida occulta)221婴儿痉挛症(infantile spasm (IS))120营养不良(dystrophy)79影响妄想(delusion of influence)66硬化(sclerosis)212硬膜外麻醉(epidural anesthesia)83硬膜外腔(epidural space,or extradural space)83硬脑(脊)膜炎(pachymeningitis)177硬脑膜(dura mater, dura mater encephali)76硬脑膜静脉窦(dural sinus)76硬脑膜外血肿(epidural hematoma)83硬脑膜下血肿(subdural hematoma)228拥抱反射(embrace reflex)81优势半球(dominant hemisphere)72幽闭恐怖(claustrophobia)53尤兰伯格病(先天性副肌强直)(Eulenberg's disease)86游离神经末梢(free nerve ending)94游走性痛(wandering pain)259有髓鞘神经纤维(有髓鞘纤维)(myelinated nerve fiber)156有髓鞘纤维(myelinated fiber)155诱发电位(evoked potentials)86愚鲁(moron)150欲望(appetite)14原发性侧索硬化(primary lateral sclerosis)193原发性癫癎(隐源性癫癎)(essential epilepsy)85原发性直立性低血压(夏-德雷综合征)(primary orthostatic hypotension)193圆孔(foramen rotunda)93远端型肌营养不良(distal muscular dystrophy)71阅读倒错(paralexia)179运动病(motion sickness)150运动不能(akinesia)6运动不能性缄默症(akinetic mutism)6运动单位(motor unit)152运动过度(hyperkinesia)112运动减少(hypokinesia)116运动觉(关节运动觉) (kinesthesia)131运动觉缺失(kinanesthesia)130运动前区(pre-motor area)192运动区(motor area)151运动神经末梢(motor nerve ending)151运动神经元(motor neuron)151运动神经元病(motor neuron disease)152运动性失用(motor apraxia)151运动性失语(Broca失语) (motor aphasia)150运动徐缓(bradykinesis)29运动诱发电位(motor evoked potential (MEP)) 151运动障碍(dyskinesia)77运动终板(神经肌接头) (motor end plate)151运用不能(apraxia)14晕动症(cinesia)52晕动症(晕动病)(kinesia, kinetia)131晕厥(syncope)232Z早老性痴呆(阿尔茨海默病) (presenile dementia)192躁狂抑郁症(躁狂抑郁性精神病,躁郁症)(manic depressive psychosis)141躁狂症(mania)141躁狂状态(manic state)141躁郁症(manic depressive illness)141诈病(malingering)141粘连性蛛网膜炎(adhesive arachnoiditis)5谵妄(delirium)66谵妄状态(delirium state)66展神经(abducens nerve)1张力低下(hypotonia)117张力过高(hypertonia)114张力缺失(atonia)19张力障碍(dystonia)78掌反射(palmar reflex)178掌颏反射(palmar mental reflex,or palm-chin reflex)178折刀现象(clasp knife phenomenon)52折刀样痉挛(clasp knife spasticity)53真菌性脑膜炎(fungal meningitis)95枕大神经(great occipital nerve)102枕骨大孔(foramen magnum)93枕神经(occipital nerve)171枕神经痛(occipital neuralgia)171枕小神经(lesser occipital nerve)135枕叶(occipital lobe)171阵发性三叉神经痛(tic douloureux)241阵挛(clonus)54震颤(tremor)244震动觉(vibration sense,or pallaesthesia)255震动觉缺失(pallanaesthesia)178睁眼昏迷(醒状昏迷)(coma vigil)55正常颅压脑积水(normal-pressure hydrocephalus)169正常血钾性周期性麻痹(normal kallium periodic paralysis)
168正电子发射断层扫描(positron emission tomography(PET)) 189正中神经(median nerve)142知觉(perception)182肢带型肌营养不良(limb-girdle muscular dystrophy)136肢端肥大症(acromegaly)3脂肪栓塞(fat embolism)91直窦(straight sinus)226直接对光反射(direct light reflex)70直腿抬高征(拉塞格征) (straight leg raising test)226植物状态(vegetative state)251跖反射(足底反射) (plantar reflex)187指-鼻试验(finger-nose test)92智力(intelligence)122智力测验(intelligence test)122智力商数(智商)(intelligence quotient,IQ)122智能衰退(intellectual deterioration)122智能障碍(disturbance of intelligence)71中间清醒期(lucid interval)138中脑(mid-brain, or mesencephalon)148中脑导水管(aqueduct of midbrain, or Sylvius's aqueduct)15中枢神经系统(central nervous system, CNS)39中枢兴奋剂(cerebral stimulant)46中枢性疼痛(central pain)39中央后回(postcentral gyrus)190中央前回(precentral gyrus)192中央轴空病(central core disease)39终池(terminal cistern)239终丝(filum terminal)92钟情妄想(delusion of love)66重摄取(re-uptake)207重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis)154重症肌无力的胆碱能危象(cholinergic crisis in myasthenia gravis)51周期性瘫痪(periodic paralysis)183周围神经病(peripheral neuropathy)183周围神经系统(peripheral nervous system, PNS)183粥样斑(atheroma)18轴丘(axon hillock)21轴突(axon, or neurite) 21轴突反射(axon reflex)21轴突生长抑制因子(neurite-growth inhibitor)162轴突运输(axon transport)22轴突中断(神经轴突断裂)(axonotmesis)22肘反射(肱三头肌反射)(elbow reflex,or elbow-jerk reflex)80侏儒症(dwarfism)76蛛网膜(arachnoid,or arachnoid mater)15蛛网膜颗粒(arachnoidal granulation)15蛛网膜囊肿(arachnoid cyst)15蛛网膜下隙(subarachnoid space)228蛛网膜下隙出血(subarachnoid hemorrhage,SAH)227蛛网膜小体(pacchionian bodies, or corpuscles)177主诉(chief complaint)50主要组织相容性复合物(major histocompatibility complex) 140注视(凝视)(gaze)98注意(attention)19注意力涣散(随境转移)(distractibility,or aprosexia, divergence of attention)71注意力增强(hyperprosexia)113注意力障碍(disturbance of attention)71抓握反射(grasp reflex)102爪状手畸形(爪形手)(claw finger deformity)53椎动脉(vertebral artery)252椎动脉造影(vertebral angiography)252椎骨(脊椎)(vertebra)252椎管(vertebral canal)253椎管内出血(hematorrhachis)105椎-基底动脉系统(vertebral-basilar arterial system)253椎间孔(intervertebral foramen)124椎间盘(intervertebral disc)124椎孔(vertebral foramen)253锥体(pyramid)199锥体交叉(pyramidal decussation)199锥体束(pyramidal tract)199锥体束综合征(上运动神经元性瘫痪) (pyramidal syndrome)199锥体外系疾病(extrapyramidal disease)87锥体外系统(extrapyramidal system)87锥体系统(锥体系) (pyramidal system)199锥体细胞(pyramidal cell)199灼痛(灼性神经痛)(causalgia)38姿势反射(postural reflex)192姿势性震颤(postural tremor)192自动症(automatism)20自发性眼球震颤(spontaneous nystagmus)224自身免疫病(autoimmune disease)20自体失认(autotopagnosia)21自知力(insight)121自主神经病(autonomic neuropathy)21自主神经系统(autonomic nervous system)20自主神经原性膀胱,简称自主性膀胱(autonomous 21neurogenic bladder)总体反射(mass reflex)142卒中(中风)(stroke)226阻塞性脑积水(obstructive hydrocephalus)170罪恶妄想(delusion of sin)67左旋多巴(L-dopa)134坐骨神经(sciatic nerve)211坐骨神经痛(sciatica)211坐骨神经炎(sciatic neuritis)211其 他α节律(alpha rhythm)6α运动神经元(alpha motor neuron)6γ运动神经元(gamma motor neuron)97δ节律(delta rhythm)66θ节律(theta rhythm)240}