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你可能喜欢THE&STORY&OF&A&SUICIDE：我不同意你的价值观，但我尊重你有选择自己价值观的权利
这是真实的故事，就发生在我们学校边，故事中的Ravi的某个好友应该也是我们学校的学生。这故事也很像前段时间发生在我身边的一件事情。
Even when we disagree with someone's
choices or lifestyle, we must always treat that person with
respect, dignity and compassion.&
社会的光怪陆离，导致了“非我即敌”的立场。身为不同阶层或者不同生活背景的人之间，如果没有了彼此对于对方出于人这个个体的尊重，就会被误解，分歧遮住了眼睛，迷失了理智。
伏尔泰的名言常被挂在嘴头边：我不同意你的观点，但我誓死捍卫你说话的权利。
其实不仅发言权如此，活在这个世界上的生活方式亦然。
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Two college roommates, a webcam, and
a tragedy. BY IAN
已投稿到：
以上网友发言只代表其个人观点，不代表新浪网的观点或立场。From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Flower bud" redirects here. For EP of GFriend, see .
For other uses, see .
(Fagus sylvatica) bud
In , a bud is an undeveloped or
and normally occurs in the
or at the tip of a . Once formed, a bud may remain for some time in a
condition, or it may form a shoot immediately. Buds may be specialized to develop flowers or short shoots, or may have the potential for general shoot development. The term bud is also used in , where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which can develop into a new individual.
bud scales in
The buds of many , especially in temperate or cold climates, are protected by a covering of modified leaves called scales which tightly enclose the more delicate parts of the bud. Many bud scales are covered by a gummy substance which serves as added protection. When the bud develops, the scales may enlarge somewhat but usually just drop off, leaving on the surface of the growing stem a series of horizontally-elongated . By means of these scars one can determine the age of any young branch, since each year's growth ends in the formation of a bud, the formation of which produces an additional group of bud scale scars. Continued growth of the branch causes these scars to be obliterated after a few years so that the total age of older branches cannot be determined by this means.
In many plants scales do not form over the bud, and the bud is then called a naked bud. The minute underdeveloped leaves in such buds are often excessively hairy. Naked buds are found in some shrubs, like some species of the
(Viburnum alnifolium and V. lantana) and in
plants. In many of the latter, buds are even more reduced, often consisting of undifferentiated masses of cells in the axils of leaves. A terminal bud occurs on the end of a stem and lateral buds are found on the side. A head of
(see ) is an exceptionally large terminal bud, while
are large lateral buds.
Since buds are formed in the axils of leaves, their distribution on the stem is the same as that of leaves. There are alternate, opposite, and whorled buds, as well as the terminal bud at the tip of the stem. In many plants buds appear in unexpected places: these are known as adventitious buds.
Often it is possible to find a bud in a remarkable series of gradations of bud scales. In the , for example, one may see a complete gradation from the small brown outer scale through larger scales which on unfolding become somewhat green to the inner scales of the bud, which are remarkably leaf-like. Such a series suggests that the scales of the bud are in truth leaves, modified to protect the more delicate parts of the plant during unfavorable periods.
Plant buds classification
Terminal, vegetative bud of
Buds are often useful in the identification of plants, especially for woody plants in winter when leaves have fallen. Buds may be classified and described according to different criteria: location, status, morphology, and function.
Botanists commonly use the following terms:
for location:
terminal, when located at the tip of a stem (apical is equivalent but rather reserved for the one at the top of the plant);
, when located in the axil of a leaf (lateral is the equivalent but some adventitious buds may be lateral too);
, when occurring elsewhere, for example on trunk or on roots (some adventitious buds may be former axillary ones reduced and hidden under the bark, other adventitious buds are completely new formed ones).
for status:
accessory, for secondary buds formed besides a principal bud (axillary or terminal);
resting, for buds that form at the end of a growth season, which will lie dormant until onset of th
dormant or latent, for buds whose growth has been delayed for a rather long time. The term is usable as a synonym of resting, but is better employed for buds waiting undeveloped for years, for example ;
pseudoterminal, for an axillary bud taking over the function of a terminal bud (characteristic of species whose growth is : terminal bud dies and is replaced by the closer axillary bud, for examples , ,
have sympodial growth).
for morphology:
scaly or covered (perulate), when scales, also referred to as a perule (lat. perula, perulaei) (which are in fact transformed and reduced leaves) cover and protect
naked, when n
hairy, when also protected by hairs (it may apply either to scaly or to naked buds).
for function:
vegetative, if only containing vegetative pieces: embryonic shoot with leaves (a leaf bud is the same);
reproductive, if containing embryonic flower(s) (a flower bud is the same);
mixed, if containing both embryonic leaves and flowers.
Black bud of a European ash,
An opening
bud at left, that will develop like the one to its right
Inflorescence bud of a
A 's flower bud with spirally folded petals
flower buds
The term bud (as in ) is used by analogy within
as well, where it refers to an outgrowth from the body which develops into a new individual. It is a form of
limited to animals or plants of relatively simple structure. In this process a portion of the wall of the parent
softens and pushes out. The protuberance thus formed enlarges rapidly while at this time the
of the parent cell divides (see: , ). One of the resulting nuclei passes into the bud, and then the bud is cut off from its parent cell and the process is repeated. Often the daughter cell will begin to bud before it becomes separated from the parent, so that whole colonies of adhering cells may be formed. Eventually cross walls cut off the bud from the original cell.
Walters, Dirk R., and David J. Keil. 1996. Vascular plant taxonomy. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. page 598.
Cronquist, Arthur, and Henry A. Gleason. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden Press. page 512.
Coulter, John G. 1913. Plant an elementary textbook, a foundation for the study of agriculture, domestic science or college botany. New York: American book company. page 188
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