一,根据首字母或所给单词填空的适当形或填空.1,thank,for,your,h______

一.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1.Do you often (s )the weekend with your grandparents?二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.I would like you()【come】to my house for dinner this evening.2.Thanks for ()【help】me.3.My mother ()【cook】very well_百度作业帮
一.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1.Do you often (s )the weekend with your grandparents?二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.I would like you()【come】to my house for dinner this evening.2.Thanks for ()【help】me.3.My mother ()【cook】very well.三.用适当的介词填空1.I arrive ()school at 7:00 every morning.四.按要求改写句子,每空一词1.I would like a shirt.(用a scarf改为选择疑问句)( )you like a shirt ( )a scarf?2.The flowers on the table are yellow.(对划线部分提问)划线:yellow( )( )are the flowers on the table?3.Some Canadians are visiting the museum.(对划线部分提问)划线:visiting the museum( )are some Canadians ( 4.Do they work on a farm?(改为现在进行时)( )they ( )on a farm?5.Let’s go shopping.(改为同义句)( )( )going shopping?6.Our teacher has a cute dog.(改为一般疑问句)( )your teacher( )a cute dog?7.I went to the mountains with my friend last year.(对划线部分提问)划线:last year()() you () to the mountains with my friend?五.我哥哥的工作是跟人和钱打交道My brother () () people and money.六.按要求改写句子,每空一词1.The teachers are having a meeting.(改为否定句)2.The girls are helping the old man clean the room.(对划线部分提问)划线:helping the……3.How does some Washing every day.(用now改写句子)七.找出错误并改正1.Look!My classmates run outside.八.按要求改句子1.The boys played soccer this morning.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)2.in,had,the,water,great,we,playing,fun(连词成句)九.单句改错1.Let her to stay here2.Be not angry with him.十.写疑问词()shoes would you like?——Size 38.
一.根据句意和首字母提示完成单词1.Do you often (spend)the weekend with your grandparents?二.用所给词的适当形式填空1.I would like you(to come)【come】to my house for dinner this evening.2.Thanks for (helping)【help】me.3.My mother (cooks)【cook】very well.三.用适当的介词填空1.I arrive (at)school at 7:00 every morning.四.按要求改写句子,每空一词1.I would like a shirt.(用a scarf改为选择疑问句)(Would)you like a shirt (or)a scarf?2.The flowers on the table are yellow.(对划线部分提问)划线:yellow(What)(color)are the flowers on the table?3.Some Canadians are visiting the museum.(对划线部分提问)划线:visiting the museum(What)are some Canadians (doing)?4.Do they work on a farm?(改为现在进行时)(Are)they (working)on a farm?5.Let’s go shopping.(改为同义句)(How)(about)going shopping?6.Our teacher has a cute dog.(改为一般疑问句)(Does)your teacher(have)a cute dog?7.I went to the mountains with my friend last year.(对划线部分提问)划线:last year(When)(did) you (go) to the mountains with my friend?五.我哥哥的工作是跟人和钱打交道My brother (works) (with) people and money.六.按要求改写句子,每空一词1.The teachers are having a meeting.(改为否定句)The teachers aren't having a meeting.2.The girls are helping the old man clean the room.(对划线部分提问)划线:helping the……What are the girls doing?3.How does some Washing every day.(用now改写句子)How is doing some Washing now.七.找出错误并改正1.Look!My classmates run outside.(将run改为are running)八.按要求改句子1.The boys played soccer this morning.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)Did the boys play soccer this morning?Yes,they did.2.in,had,the,water,great,we,playing,fun(连词成句)We had great fun playing in the water.九.单句改错1.Let her to stay here(去掉 to)2.Be not angry with him.(将Be改为Do)十.写疑问词()shoes would you like?(What size)——Size 38.当前位置:
>>>根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1. — Would you m_____ t..
根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。&&&&
1. — Would you m_____ turning off the CD player?&&& — Not at all.2. Please turn d_____ your radio. The baby is sleeping.3. — I'm hungry now, Mum.&&& — You can find some food in the k_____.4. The p_____ says Maria will have a concert next Friday.5. The old people must be spoken to p_____.6. — What's h_____ there?&&& — An accident.7. The girl preferred swimming to s_____ songs.8. The pair of jeans&_____ (看上去) terrible.9. His sister works as a&_____ (服务生) in the hotel near here.10. Could you please&_____ (喂养) the bird?
题型:填空题难度:中档来源:同步题
1. mind&& 2. down&& 3. kitchen&& 4. poster&& 5. politely&&6. happening&& 7. singing&& 8. looks&& 9. waitress&& 10. feed
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。1. — Would you m_____ t..”主要考查你对&&实义动词,名词,副词,系动词,动名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
实义动词名词副词系动词动名词
实意动词:即行为动词,表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的,能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种:及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词;不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。实意动词使用方法:及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如:I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如:Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,意义不变。试比较:Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的?(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时,有时意义不尽相同。如:Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?英汉实意动词用法比较:与汉语的比较,有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法,与汉语的用法不一样,请注意下列两种情况:a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词,而汉语则可用作及物动词,如arrive到达,agree同意,listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如:We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较:We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较:We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词,而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词,如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后,实义动词之前。&实意动词的用法:肯定句:主语+动词过去式+其它否定句:主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式:Did+主语+动词原型+其他名词:是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词分类:一、按意义分类1.专有名词 表示具体的人,事物,地点,团体或机构的专有名称(第一个字母要大写)。 例:China(中国)、Asia(亚洲) Beijing(北京)、the People’s Republic of China(中华人民共和国)。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如:the Great Wall(长城)。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义)。如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。2.普通名词 表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如:teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。 普通名词又可进一步分为五类:①个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示单个的人和事物。 (car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片)②集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示一群人或一些事物的名称。  ( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词:两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词 (boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄) ④物质名词(Material Nouns):表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。  ( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。  ( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词(Countable Nouns)和不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算,不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西;它一般没有复数形式,只有单数形式,它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词,物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式。名词易混点举例:一.有些名词既是可数名词,又是不可数名词,但意义有所不同。如:work(工作) ——a work (著作);&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &glass(玻璃)——a glass (玻璃杯);&&&&&&&&&&&& &aper(纸) ——a paper(报纸;文件;试卷)tea(茶) ——a tea (一种茶)(表示种类);&&&&& wood(木头) ——a wood (小树林);&&&&&&&& room(空间) ——a room (房间)二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job① work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。② job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。&job意思是a piece of work,指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作,实际含义是“职业”,而work通常指抽象意义上的工作,是不可数名词,也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①&wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②&hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。
4.instead/instead of
instead/instead of
instead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:
Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.
杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。
If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.
如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。
Could I have tuna instead of ham?
我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿?
Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.
王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。
We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.
我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。
5.frightened/afraid/terrible
frightened/afraid/terrible
① frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。
②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。
③ terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。
6.learn/study
learn/study
二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:
When did you begin to study/learn English?
你是什么时候开始学习英语的?
study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。 如:
He studied hard and at last learned the language.
他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。
study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:
He is studying the math problem.
他正在研究这个数学问题。
He learns English on the radio.
他通过广播学英语。
The baby is learning to speak.
这个婴儿正在学说话。
7.there be/have/own
there be/have/own
①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。
②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。
③ own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。
8.answer/reply
answer/reply
这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:
The old man smiled before he replied to my question.
老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。
I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。
How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?
值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:
answer the door& (门铃响了)去开门
answer the telephone& 接电话名词的语法功能: 名词在句中作主语,宾语,介词宾语,宾语补足语,表语以及名词短语作状语。1.主语:The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2.宾语:I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3.表语:This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4.宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5.介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6.定语:She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀:一、人和事物各有名,万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词,具体抽象有不同。  时间空间和地点,方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作,名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分,若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离,一分再分仍原物。英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时,强调全体;指“家里人”时强调个体,与住房无关home指“家”,表示同一家庭共同生活的地方,具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词,意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.
2.man总称“人”、“人类”,用单数people泛指“人们”,表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体,但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”,表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时,有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体,有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.
3.police总称“警察”,表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体,有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.
4.universe指“宇宙万物”,强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe,we mean the earth, the sun,the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”,强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.
5.不同国家的人的单复数:
副词:是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。副词分类:1、时间副词有三类:always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词1)表示发生时间的副词:It’s beginning to rain now!& 现在开始下雨了!2)表示频繁程度的副词,也称频度副词always, often, usually, sometimes, never, ever, hardly等一般位于系动词、情态动词和助动词之后,实之前义动词:She often changes her mind.& 她常改变主意。3)还有一些其他表示时间的副词:&He has just had an operation. 他刚动过手术。2、地点副词:1)有不少表示地点的副词:She is studying abroad.& 她在国外留学。2)还有一些部分与介词同形的副词。它们与介词同形,跟宾语的是介词,否则是副词:①用作介词:Stand up!& 起立!②用作副词:A cat climbed up the tree.& 猫爬上了树。3)以where 构成的副词也是地点副词:&It’s the same everywhere.& 到处都一样。3、方式副词:carefully, properly(适当地), anxiously(焦虑地), suddenly, normally(正常地), fast, well, calmly(冷静地), politely(有礼貌地), proudly(自豪地), softly, warmly ,slowly4、程度副词:much,little, very,rather(相当),so,too,still, quite, perfectly(完美地), enough, extremely(非常), entirely(整个),almost, slightly(细小地), hardly.5、疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6、关系副词:when, where, why.等。7、 连接副词:therefore(因此),moreover(此外),however,otherwise(另外的),then,when ,where,how,why等。
副词的语法作用:副词在句中可作状语,表语,补语,定语。He works hard. (作状语)他工作努力。You speak English very well. (作状语)你英语讲的相当好。Is she in ? (作表语)她在家吗?Let's be out. (作表语)让我们出去吧。Food here is hardly to get. (here作定语,hardly作状语)这儿很难弄到食物。Let him out!(作补语)让他出去!修饰名词的副词放在被修饰词之后a. The villagers there are busy getting in wheat.不同类型副词的用法比较:方式副词:1)英语中有大量方式副词,说明行为方式(回答how的问题):How beautifully your wife dances.& 你夫人舞跳的真美。2)还有相当多的副词,表示某些情绪:She smiled gratefully.& 她感激的笑了笑。3)还有一些以-ly结尾的副词,表示动作发生的状况:He left the town secretly. 他悄然离开了这座城市。程度副词和强调副词&:1)程度副词可修饰动词,表示“到某种程度”:&& Is she badly hurt?& 她伤得重吗?& [说明] 这类副词除修饰动词外,还可修饰形容词(a)或另一副词(b):a. fairly simple 相当简单&&&&& quite correct 完全正确b. wonderfully well 好极了&&& do it very quickly 干得很快2)much 是一个特殊的程度副词,它可以:a. 修饰形容词等:I’m not much good at singing. 我唱歌不太好。&b. 修饰比较级:You sing much better than me. 你比我唱的好多了。Their house is much nicer than ours. 他们的房子比我们的好多了。疑问副词和连接副词:1)疑问副词:疑问副词用来引导特殊问句:how: How is your grandmother? 你奶奶身体好吗?where: Where does she come from? 她是哪儿人?when: When can you come? 你什么时候能来?why: Why was he so late? 他为什么来得这么晚?2)连接副词:连接副词意思和词形都和疑问副词一样,但都引导从句或与不定式连用:how: Do you know how to start this machine? 你知道这台机器怎样启动吗?where: I don’t know where he lives. 我不知道他住在哪儿。(引导宾语从句)when: Tell me when you’ll be ready. 告诉我你什么时候准备好。(引导宾语从句)why: That’s why I came round. 这就是我来的原因。(引导表语从句)一些其它类型的副词,如表示方向的副词:Let’s go inside. 咱们到里面去。Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。副词的位置:1、实义动词前,be动词、情态动词之后。 I am also Bush. I can also do that. I also want to play that games. I get up early in the morning everyday. 我每天早早起床。 He gave me a gift yesterday. 他昨天给了我一件礼物。 She didn't drink water enough. 她喝的水不够。 The train goes fast. 火车跑得快。 We can go to this school freely. 我们可以免费到这家学校学习。 They left a life hardly then. 当时他们的生活很艰难。 He has a new hat on today. 他今天戴了一顶新帽子。 I have seen this film twice with my friends. 这部电影我和朋友看过两次。 2、副词修饰形容词,副词时,副词在前面,而被修饰的词在后面。 It's rather easy, I can do it. 这很容易,我能做到。 He did it quite well. 他做得相当好。 It's rather difficult to tell who is right.很难说谁是对的。 It's so important that I must tell my friends. 这件事太重要了,我得告诉我的朋友。 It's much better. 好多了。 3、频度副词可放在实义动词的前面,情态动词和助动词的后面。 I often help him these days. 这些日子我经常帮助他。 I always remember the day when I first came to this school. 我常常记得我第一次来学校的那一天。 You mustn't always help me. 你不能老是帮助我。 He seldom comes to see us. 他很少来看我们。 We usually go shopping once a week. 我们通常一周买一次东西。 The new students don't always go to dance. 新学生并不时常去跳舞。 4、疑问副词,连接副词,关系副词以及修饰整个句子的副词,通常放在句子或从句的前面。 When do you study everyday? 你每天什么时间学习? Can you tell me how you did it? 你能告诉我你如何做的吗? First, let me ask you some questions. 先让我来问几个问题。 How much does this bike cost? 这辆车子多少钱? Either you go or he comes. 不是你去就是他来。 The students were reading when the teacher came into the classroom. 当老师进教室时,学生们正在读书。 5、时间副词和地点副词在一个句中, 地点副词在前面时间副词在后面。 We went shopping in the supermarket at 9 o'clock yesterday. 昨天九点钟我们到超市买东西了. What were you doing in the classroom yesterday afternoon? 昨天下午你在教室里干什么? The accident took place in the Eleven Avenue one hour ago. 一小时前十一号大街发生了一场事故。 6、否定副词在句首,句子要倒装,如: Never have I felt so excited! 兼有两种形式的副词:1) close与closely close意思是"近"; closely 意思是"仔细地" He is sitting close to me. Watch him closely. 2) late 与lately late意思是"晚"; lately 意思是"最近" You have come too late. What have you been doing lately? 3) deep与deeply deep意思是"深",表示空间深度;deeply时常表示感情上的深度,"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud. Even father was deeply moved by the film. 4) high与highly high表示空间高度;highly表示程度,相当于much The plane was flying high. I think highly of your opinion. 5) wide与widely wide表示空间宽度;widely意思是"广泛地","在许多地方" He opened the door wide. English is widely used in the world. 6) free与freely free的意思是"免费";freely 的意思是"无限制地" You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like. Y say what you like. 副词有加a或ly的 区别在于通常加a 的副词描述一种状态,而加ly 的副词则倾向于感觉。 系动词:亦称连系动词。作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,亦称补语(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类:1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3)表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4)感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5)变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如:He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。(turn out表终止性结果)系动词使用的注意事项:系动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作,后面必须与连用。复习时,必须注意以下几个问题:
1.be是最重要的系动词,不同,be的形式也不同,且有的变化。
a通常表示的特征、状态和身份等,后面接形容词、、名词、短语、、v-ing、及作表语。
b特别要注意“由be+”所构成的与“由be+过去分词”所构成的的区别。
c前者侧重于表示的特征或所处的状态,通常没有由by引导的短语。
如:The door was closed.
后者侧重于强调主语是所示动作的承受者,表示动作;句中可以用由by引导的。如:The door was closed by me.
d还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。
前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态,也可说明主语是什么。如:My job is teaching English.
后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如:Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.
2. 要注意由转化成的系动词。
a表示人体感官的系动词有sound,taste,look,feel,smell等,后面接形容词;
b表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become,get,go,turn,run,grow,come,fall,prove等,后面接形容词、名词或 to be+形容词,become后面接单数名词时,名词前要用,turn后面接单数名词时,名词前不用;
c表示主语继续或保持某种身份、或的系动词有continue,keep,remain,stay,stand lie,rest,stay等,后面接表示状态的形容词;
d表示判断的系动词有seem和appear,后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。
3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。
4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词,又可以做实意动词的用法。
系动词部分主要注意:其后要求接形容词,而不是做。遇到这种情况,只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者,然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例:
The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.(这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意:在这句话里,taste做系动词,不能使用进行时,后面接。)
The chef is tasting the fish carefully.(厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意:在这句话中,taste做,可以使用,并且后面接副词做。)系动词用法点拨:1.系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。一般地说,状态系动词无进行时态,而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下,状态系动词也有进行时态,表示两个用途:一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如:He is being kind.(一时而不能持久的性质)他装出和蔼可亲的样子。二是表示一种探询口气,使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如:I hope you are keeping well.(语气委婉)我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better?(语气亲切)你感觉好了些吗?试比较:Your hand feels cold.(无意识的静态性质。)你的手摸起来冰凉。不可以说:Your hand is feeling cold.(×)但可以说:The doctor is feeling her pulse.(有意识的动态动作)医生正在给她拿脉。The soup tastes good.(静态性质,无进行时)这汤的味道不错。The cook is tasting the soup.(动态动作,有进行时)厨师在尝汤的味道。
总之,系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时,不能笼统地说feel,smell无进行时,应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时,虽是实义动词,但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态,常与can, could, be able to连用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。②指“嗅、闻”的动作时,实义动词,可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。③smell指“含有……气味”,“发出……气味”等事物性质时,半系动词,无进行时态。The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。
2.系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用,表示渐进过程,其意思是“越来越……”。例如:He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。
3.所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时,无被动语态,而作实义动词用时,才有被动语态,二者不可混为一谈。例如:不能说:The apple is tasted good.(因为taste此时是系动词,“尝起来”之意,指的是苹果的性质,无被动语态)但我们可以说:The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。(taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作,有被动语态)因此,在平时的英语教学和学习之 ,要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法,要注意区分、识别。
4.瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段,since+时间点,how long until+时间,by + 时间,so far”等直接连用。例如:①不能说:He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为:He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说:He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为:He has been a writer since 3 years ago.或It is three years since he turned writer.③不能说:He got angry until his child came back home.应改为:He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.
5.系动词能接几种表语(从句)系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语,某些adv.以外,还可接以下几种表语形式:①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有:look(看起来),smell(闻起来),sound(听起来),feel(觉得);appear(显得),seem(似乎)。例如:It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有:seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如:It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。③能用不定式作表语的系动词有:be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。He will grow to like this work gradually.他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。④能与there连用的系动词有:be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走。
6.能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个:seem, appear.举例说明:It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.
7.后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个:第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等);第二个是get,口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时,它们均表示一种存在状态,而不表示被动动作;当二者作助动词用时,后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替,但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况:1)表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了(表示意想不到)The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。(表突发性)2)表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。另外,要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。动名词:如果一个动词加上了ing变成了名词,那么这个词称动名词。 动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词。它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰。由于动名词是由动词变化而来,它仍保留着动词的某些特征,具有动词的某些变化形式,用以表达名词所不能表达的较为复杂的意念。动名词的名词特征表现在它可在句子中当名词来用,作主语、宾语、表语、定语。动名词的结构和形式:动名词的否定结构:动名词的否定结构由not 动名词组成。如: Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 实验没有成功也比不实验好。 He hated himself for not having work hard. 他悔恨自己没有用功。 I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before. 很抱歉,没有早给你打电话。 He felt sorry for not having done the work well. 他为没有把工作做好感到难过。 I fancy it has done you a lot of good not going. 我看不去对你倒好了。(not going 是动名词一般式的否定形式) There is no denying the fact that he si diligent. (no denying 也是动名词一般式的否定)
动名词复合结构:通常情况下,动名词的逻辑主语为谓语动词的主语。如果动名词动作的发出者不失谓语动的主语时,则需要有自己的逻辑主语物主代词或名词所有格加动名词就构成了动名词的复合结构,这种结构在句中可以作主语,宾语等。 (1)逻辑主语是有生命的名词作主语时,必须用名词或代词所有格,作宾语时(尤其在口语中),也可用名词普通个或人称代词宾格。如: Do you think my going there will be of any help? 你看我去会有什么帮助吗?(宾语) The student’s knowing English well helps him in learning French. 这位学生通晓英语对他学法语很有帮助。(主语) Do you mind my(me) smoking ? 你介意我抽烟吗?(宾语) They insist on Mary’s (Mary) going with them there. 他们坚持要玛丽跟他们一起去那儿。(介词宾语) (2)逻辑主语是无生命名词是,通常只用名词普通格。如: Do you hear the rain pattering on the roof? 你听见雨点打在屋顶上了吗? Is there any hope of our team winning the match ? 我们对赢得比赛有希望吗? (3) 逻辑主语是指示代词或不定代词this that , somebody , someone , nobody, none, anybody, anyone 时,只用普通格。如: She was woken up by somebody shouting outside. 她被外面喊叫的人吵醒了。
动名词的形式(一般式,完成式和被动式):(1) 动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,或在谓语动词表示的动作之后。如: We are very interested in collecting stamps. 我们对集邮很感兴趣。 His coming will be of great help to us . 他来对我们大有帮助。 但是有些明确表示时间的动词和介词 after, on,upon, 或for之后,常用一般式代替完成式,表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。如: I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the first time.我永远不会忘记第一次看到长城的情景。 On hearing that bad news , the mother couldn’t help crying. 一听到这个糟糕的消息,母亲就禁不住哭了起来。 Excuse me for coming late. 我来晚了,请原谅。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 谢谢你给了我们这么多帮助。 (2) 动名词的完成式所表示的动作或状态在谓语动词之前完成或结束。 He regrets not having taken part in the work. 他后悔没有参加这项工作。 We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time. 我们因提前完成了这项工作而受到了表扬。 (3)动名词的被动式:当动名词的逻辑主语是行为承受者时,用被动语态。如: I like being given harder work. 我喜欢接受难点的工作。 She is proud of being admitted into the university. 她为被大学录取而感到自豪。 The meeting was put off without his having been consulted. 会议延期并未和他商量。 He doesn’t mind having been criticized. 他不介意过去受到的批评。 动名词与现在分词的关系:动名词它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:Speaking in the public,he will surely be very cheerful .(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。She hates speaking in the public.(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
动名词和现在分词都可以用于系动词之后作表语,区别方法是:①作表语的动名词与主语指的是同一件事,此时系动词相当于“是”,通常把主语和表语的位置互换,语法和意思不变,例如:My hobby is swimming.可改为Swimming is my hobby.(可将原句中的主语与表语位置互换)②现在分词作表语主要用以说明主语的性质,不能与主语互换位置,例如:The story is interesting .不可改为:Interesting is the story.2.动名词和现在分词都可以用作定语来修饰名词,两者的区别在于:动名词修饰名词时主要表示该名词的用途,而现在分词修饰名词时性质、状态或动作等。试比较:①a swimming boy和a swimming suit前者的意思是“一个正在游泳的男孩”,即a boy who is swimming,现在分词swimming 表示被修饰名词boy的动作;而后者的意思是“游泳衣”,即a suit for swimming,动名词swimming表示suit 的用途。②a sleeping child 和 a sleeping car前者的意思是“一个正在睡觉的孩子”,即a child who is sleeping,现在分词sleeping 表示被修饰名词 child 正处于的状态;而后者的意思是“卧车(被用来睡觉的车厢)”,即 a car which is used for sleeping,动名词 sleeping 表示car 的用途。动名词用法口诀:动名词常泛指,句法作用宾/表/定与主,时态/语态之形式,一般/完成/被动式。Being done 系被动,不含任何进行意。用作主语请留意,常用it作形式主语,不指未来发生事,表达的信息系已知。用作表语请记清,作用相当一名词,检验方法很简单,主与表换位能成立。用作定语也易辩,表示名词之用途。用作宾语稍复杂,关键留意谓语动词(跟动名词作宾语的常用动词附后),时态同谓动作比较,先于谓动用完成式,其逻辑主语不固定,在句中/句外均有之。否定式其前加not,复合式其前加物主词,非句首宾格词也可用,尤其口语中更如此。说明:1、主-----主语 2、宾-----宾语 3、表------表语 4、定------定语 5、谓动---谓语动词
动名词的用法: 一、动名词作主语&1. 直接位于句首做主语。例如:    &&&& Swimming is a good sport in summer.    2. 用 it 作形式主语,把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。    动名词做主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。例如: It is no use telling him not to worry.    常见的能用于这种结构的形容词还有:better,wonderful,enjoyable,interesting,foolish,difficult,useless,senseless,worthwhile,等。    注意:important,essential,necessary 等形容词不能用于上述结构。    3. 用于“There be”结构中。例如:    There is no saying when he'll come.很难说他何时回来。   &4. 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如:    No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). (禁止吸烟)    No parking. (禁止停车)    5. 动名词的复合结构作主语    当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,常可以在前面加上一个名词或代词的所有格,构成动名词的复合结构(这时,名词或代词的所有格做动名词的逻辑主语)。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如:   &Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.    二、动名词作宾语 1.作动词的宾语    某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语,不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有:admit, appreciate, excuse, stand, advise, allow, permit, avoid,& consider, enjoy, finish&&&&& They went on walking and never stopped talking.他们继续走,说个不停。&I found it pleasant walking along the seashore.在海滩上走真是乐事。    Mark often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic &regulations.    每当马克违反交通规则时,他常常企图逃避罚款的处分。   &2.作介词的宾语    We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.&我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。    Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?&我们休息呢还是开始干活?    3.作形容词的宾语    The music is well worth listening to more than once.&&这种曲子很值得多听几遍。    We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 三、动名词作表语 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语、动名词与主语通常是对等的关系,表示主语的内容,主语、表语可互换位置。    Your task is cleaning the windows.&& 你的任务就是擦窗户。(Cleaning the windows is your task.)    What I hate most is being laughed at.& 我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。(Being laughed at is what I hate most.) 四、动名词作定语 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。如:    a walking stick =a stick for walking=a stick which is used for walking    a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which is used for washing   &a reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading    a measuring tape=a tape for measuring=a tape which is used for measuring    sleeping pills=pills for sleeping=pills which is used for sleeping 动名词是非限定动词的一种形式,由动词原形+ing构成。它既有动词的特征,又有名词的特征,故称。动名词也有时态和语态的变化,如表所示(以及物动词write为例),不及物动词没有语态的变化。
动名词使用注意事项:1) 动名词做主语时,谓语动词为单数2) 在动名词和不定式中,作为介词的宾语是动名词3) 动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语例:I would appreciate you calling back this afternoon.4) 有些词后只能接动名词
understand...5) 另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法it’ it’s no/little/hardly any/ it’s not/hardly/ it’ spend money/ there’ there’ there’ what’s the use/point6) 有些词后面加不定式和动名词均可remember,forget,try,stop,go on,continue,stop,regret,cease,mean后面均可用不定式和-ing形式,但意义截然不容。例:remember to do/doing:①I remembered to post the letters.(指未来/过去未来将要做的动作)②I remembered posting/having posted the letters.(我记得做过这个动作)&forget与remember的用法类似。&regret的用法:①I regret to inform you that…(我很遗憾地通知你……)②I regretted having left the firm after twenty years.(为了“二十年前的离开”而遗憾。)&try to(努力)与try +–ing(试验):①You really must try to overcome your shyness.②Try practicing five hours a day.
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