the intheunitedstates states and the intheunitedstates states to play
点击联系发帖人
时间：2014-12-20 11:53
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Soccer in the United States is governed by the , commonly known as U.S. Soccer. The organization governs all levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game. With over 13 million Americans playing soccer in the United States,
is the third most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball/softball. The popularity of soccer in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the . In the , the sport of
is mainly referred to as "soccer", as the term "football" is primarily used to refer to the sport of .
The highest professional soccer league in the U.S. is . MLS began play in 1996 with 10 teams, and has grown to 19 teams today (16 in the United States and 3 in Canada), with
planned. The MLS season runs from March to December, with the regular-season winner awarded the
and the post-season winner awarded the . With an average attendance of over 18,000 per game, MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S., and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide.
Soccer fans also follow the U.S. national teams, in particular the World Cup, which is held every four years. The World Cup has become increasingly popular with U.S. TV audiences, with the
drawing 24 million American viewers. The
has played in every
since 1990, and the
has won the
Main article:
There has been some debate about the origins of modern soccer in America. It has long been held that the modern game entered the States through
in the 1860s. However, recent research has shown that soccer entered America through the port of , as Irish, English, Scottish, and German immigrants brought the game with them. It was in New Orleans that many of the first games of soccer in America were held.
has been named as the first association football club in the United States but there is still discussion on what rules the club used, and it broke up within the space of a few years. According to , the club is often credited with inventing the "Boston Game", which both allowed players to kick a round ball along the ground, and to pick it up and run with it.
known to have been inspired by FA rules was a game between
on November 6, 1869, which was won by Rutgers 6-4. The FA rules were followed in the Princeton-Rutgers contest: participants were only allowed to kick the ball and each side had 25 players. Other colleges emulated this development, but all of these were converted to rugby by the mid-1870s and would soon become famous as early bastions of .
were among the few clubs to win both the National Challenge Cup and the American Cup.
The earliest examples of governance in the sport started in 1884, when the
(AFA) was incarnated. The AFA sought to standardize rules for the local soccer teams based in the , particularly in northern
and southern
state. By 1886, the AFA had spread in influence into Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
Within a year of its founding, the AFA organized the first non-league cup in American soccer history, known as the . For the first dozen years, clubs from New Jersey and Massachusetts dominated the competition. It would not be until 1897 that a club from outside those two states won the . Philadelphia Manz brought the title to Pennsylvania for the first time. Due to internal conflicts within the AFA, the cup was suspended in 1899, and it was not resumed until 1906.
Early soccer leagues in the U.S. mostly used the name "football," for example: the
(founded in 1884), the American Amateur Football Association (1893), the
(1894), the
(1895), and the Southern New England Football League (1914). Common confusion between the terms "" and "association football" eventually led to a more domestic widespread use of the term "soccer" to regard association football. Originally seen as a British slang term for "", the use of "soccer" began appearing in the late 1910s and early 1920s. A noticeable example was the
(ASL), which formed in 1919. The governing body of the sport in the U.S. did not have the word "soccer" in its name until 1945, when it became the United States Soccer Football Association. It did not drop the word "football" from its name until 1974, when it became the United States Soccer Federation, often going simply as U.S. Soccer.
In October 1911, a competing body, the
(AAFA) was created. The association quickly spread outside of the
and created its own cup in 1912, the .
The conflicts within the AFA led to a movement to create a truly national body to oversee American soccer. In 1913, both the AAFA and AFA applied for membership in , the international governing body for soccer. Drawing on both its position as the oldest soccer organization and the status of the American Cup, the AFA argued that it should be the nationally recognized body. Later that year, the AAFA gained an edge over the AFA when several AFA organizations moved to the AAFA.
On April 5, 1913, the AAFA reorganized as the
(USFA), presently known as the . FIFA quickly granted a provisional membership and USFA began exerting its influence on the sport. This led to the establishment of the National Challenge Cup, which still exists as the , that fall. The National Challenge Cup quickly grew to overshadow the American Cup. However, both cups were played simultaneously for the next ten years. Declining respect for the AFA led to the withdrawal of several associations from its cup in 1917. Further competition came in 1924 when USFA created the . That spelled the death knell for the American Cup. It played its last season in 1924.
During the days of the , the league was seen as widely popular, and considered to be the second most popular sports league in the United States, only behind .[] However, the "soccer war" between the USFA and ASL, combined with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, led to the demise of the ASL in 1933, and the demise of the sport in the United States, entering a prolonged time of obscurity.
The prominence of
increased with the NCAA sanctioning an annual men's soccer championship, beginning in 1959 with the inaugural championship won by .
Two professional soccer leagues were started in 1967, the
and the , which merged to form the
in 1968. The NASL enjoyed a significant boost in popularity when the
signed Pele to play for three seasons from 1975-77. The Cosmos drew large publicity throughout the late 1970s. Between 1977 and 1980, the N.Y. Cosmos drew crowds of more than 60,000 on ten occasions, and over 70,000 on seven occasions. The NASL declined during the early 1980s and disbanded in 1984. The popularity of
peaked in the 1980s, with both the NASL, and the , operating indoor soccer leagues.
The 1970s and 1980s saw increased popularity of the college game. Women's college soccer received a significant boost in 1972 with the passage of Title IX, which mandated equal funding for women's athletic programs, leading to colleges forming NCAA sanctioned women's varsity teams. A men's match between St. Louis University and
drew a college record 22,512 fans to
on October 30, 1980. By 1984, more colleges played soccer (532) than American football (505).
In 1967 there were 100,000 people playing soccer in the US; by 1984, that number had grown to over 4 million. Girls high school soccer experienced tremendous growth in playing numbers throughout the 1970s and 1980s—from 10,000 in 1976, to 41,000 in 1980, to 122,000 in 1990.
The soccer matches for the
were well attended. Five matches drew over 75,000 fans, and two soccer matches at the
in Pasadena, California, drew over 100,000 fans. These high attendance figures were one factor that FIFA took into consideration in 1988 when deciding to award the 1994 World Cup to the United States.
Interest in soccer within the United States continued to grow during the 1990s. This growth has been attributed in significant part to the fact that the
was held in the United States for the first time in . This won the sport more attention from both the media and casual sports fans. The tournament was successful, drawing an average attendance of 68,991, a World Cup record that still stands today. The 1994 World Cup drew record TV audiences in the U.S.
As part of the United States' bid to host the 1994 World Cup, U.S. Soccer pledged to create a professional outdoor league.
launched in 1996, which helped develop American players in a way that was not possible without a domestic league. Many of these players competed in the , where the
reached the quarterfinals, its best result in the modern era.
The growth of the women's game during the 1990s helped increase overall interest in soccer in the United States. The number of women's college soccer teams increased from 318 in 1991 to 959 in 2009. Both the
were held in the United States. The crowd of over 90,000 at the
remains the largest crowd in the world to witness any women's sporting event.
As of 2006, over 24 million Americans play soccer. There are 4.2 million players (2.5 million men and 1.7 million women) registered with U.S. Soccer. Thirty percent of American households contain someone playing soccer, a figure second only to baseball. Increasing numbers of Americans, having played the game in their youth, are now avid spectators. A 2011 ESPN sports poll ranked soccer as the fourth most popular team sport in the United States, with 8.2% of Americans ranking soccer as their favorite sport (compared to 3.8% for hockey). A 2011 ESPN sports poll ranked soccer as the second most popular sport in the country for 12-24-year-olds. In 2013,
became the first soccer player ever to rank among the Top 10 most popular athletes in the U.S.
In addition, as Latin American immigration increases throughout the nation, so does the popularity of soccer. Furthermore, the increase in popularity of soccer in the United States is also the result of other factors such as globalization (with the resulting greater TV exposure given to soccer), the continued presence of U.S. teams in international competitions, and the continued building of soccer-specific stadiums in the country.
Attendance
France 2–0 Brazil
Yugoslavia 2–1 Italy
France 4–2 Yugoslavia
Brazil 0–0 Italy
Many soccer matches in the United States draw large crowds, particularly international matches. A
match between
had an attendance of 109,318, a record crowd for a U.S. soccer match.
quarterfinal matches drew over 82,000 to . Between , the U.S. played three times in East Rutherford, NJ, drawing over 78,000 fans each game. The
national teams have been playing in front of crowds in excess of 60,000 in the U.S. in recent years.
Also in recent years, many top-division European clubs—such as English clubs
and , and Spanish clubs
and —have spent portions of their pre-season summer schedule playing matches in the United States. These matches have been highly attended events for U.S. stadiums. The 2009
drew large crowds around the country, and Chelsea's four-game stint in the United States drew record crowds for a visiting foreign team.
Nations from other regions have decided to organize tournaments in the U.S., given the growing soccer market in the country. For example, the , a soccer competition for countries from Central America, will be held in the U.S., due to the commercial appeal of the U.S. soccer market. Similarly, the
will also be held in the U.S., marking the first time that tournament is held outside of South America. The U.S. was selected to host for financial reasons, because "the market is in the United States, the stadiums are in the United States . . . everything is in the United States."
Furthermore, several nations schedule friendly matches to be held in the U.S. against opponents other than the U.S. national team. For example, the
usually schedules several friendlies in the U.S. each year against various opponents. The
also regularly plays friendlies in the U.S., often in the Washington DC area. The
also plays matches in the U.S.
U.S. television coverage and viewership of club and international soccer is at an all-time high. Mainstream sports networks , , and
regularly provide coverage of soccer, as do several popular Spanish-language channels such as , , and . Additionally, the U.S. has several networks devoted mostly or completely to the sport, including
The size of the annual TV market in the U.S. for annual club soccer competitions was $126 million as of 2009. The club soccer competitions that generated the most annual revenue from TV audiences in the United States are Major League Soccer ($90m), England's
($83m), the
($50m), Spain's
($16m), and the
($10m). The most widely accessed televised soccer league in the United States is Mexico's , which has most of its games televised live and free on television channels , ,
and . Fox began showing
matches on network TV in 2011, the first time that Premier League matches aired on U.S. broadcast TV. U.S. TV rights for the English Premier League were sold to NBC Sports in 2012 for $250 million for three years beginning with the 2013-14 season. Viewership for the Premier League's 2013-14 season on NBC Sports was 32 million, more than double the previous season. The Premier League earns higher ratings on NBCSN than the National Hockey League, despite the fact that the Premier League is shown in the morning while NHL games are in primetime. Major League Soccer has received broadcast fees from ESPN since 2008, and MLS signed a three-year deal in 2011 with NBC Sports to nationally televise 40 matches per year from . MLS has since then signed new television agreements with ESPN, FOX Sports, and Univision worth in total $90 million per year from . In addition, the
final was broadcast live on the , marking the first time in history that a soccer match between two European club teams was televised in the U.S. on English-language .[]
Major U.S. TV Contracts (International Competitions)
Competition
Annual revenue
English language
Spanish language
Average viewership
Fox Sports
$475 mil ()
$600 mil ()
4.6m (ESPN/ABC)
3.5m (Univision)
Fox Sports
1.5m (ESPN)
Fox Sports
1.6m (Univision)
Fox Sports
2012/13 - 2015/16
1.5m (Univision)
1.3m (ESPN)
325,000 (ESPN Deportes)
Major U.S. TV Contracts (Club Competitions)
ESPN & Fox Sports
$600 mil ()
$120 mil ()
310,000 (ESPN)
125,000 (NBCSN)
230,000 (Unimas)
NBC Sports
$250 mil (15/16)
438,000 (NBCSN)
(2013–14)
115,000 (ESPN Deportes)
29,000 (GolTV)
Fox Sports
2015/16 – 2017/18
& $380 mil
The rights to the two FIFA World Cups during the
timeframe also include rights to the two
and the two
during those years.
The rights to the
also include the rights to the .
In addition, these TV networks also provide coverage of international soccer competitions, including the , the , the , the , the , and the , and
matches. The
is also a popular team featured on Spanish language television and on ESPN.
In addition to the World Cup, other international soccer competitions involving the U.S. team have become more popular among TV viewers. The 2007
attracted record television viewership, with the Univision telecast of the final between the United States and Mexico ranking as the third-most watched Spanish-language program of all-time in the United States, beaten only by two FIFA World Cup finals matches. The
featuring the United States attracted 6.9 million viewers (including both the English and Spanish broadcasts). The 2013 World Cup qualifier between the U.S. and Mexico drew 7 million viewers, higher than the 5.8 million average viewers of the . Three
matches were broadcast on the main Fox network channel, the first time since 2002 that a U.S. national team match outside of the World Cup was broadcast on network TV.
TV networks in the U.S. have also begun showing international soccer tournaments that do not include the United States.
was shown on ESPN and ABC. Viewership for the
was 51% higher than 2008, with the 2012 final watched by over 4 million viewers. The viewership on ESPN of the group-stage matches of the
was 26% higher than the 2009 tournament, even though the U.S. did not play in the 2013 tournament.
The most popular soccer event on TV in the U.S. is the . In 2005, the U.S. TV rights for the 2010 and 2014 World Cups were sold to ABC/ESPN and Univision for $425 million in "the biggest TV deal in a single country in FIFA's history." The telecasts of the
attracted an estimated 17 million American viewers, higher than the 15.8 million average viewership of the .
The total TV viewership in the U.S. for all the matches including the final for the
was 112 million viewers, a 22% increase over viewing numbers for the 2006 World Cup. The
game drew 24.3 million viewers in the United States, higher than the 14.3 million average viewership of the . 's dramatic game-winning goal against Algeria that advanced the US team to the
of the 2010 World Cup resulted in jubilant celebrations across the United States. In 2011, the U.S. TV rights for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups were sold to Fox and Telemundo for a record $1.1 billion, more than any other country in the world, and 147 percent higher than the 2010 and 2014 TV rights.
By 2014, the World Cup was considered an elite sports property on U.S. television. The USA-Portugal match during the 2014 World Cup registered 18.2 million viewers on ESPN, making it the most viewed program on ESPN, other than NFL or college football games, and eclipsing viewership numbers of other high-profile sports events such as MLB's World Series, the NBA Finals, and NHL Finals. The 2014 FIFA World Cup also generated strong internet traffic, with the tournament generating more viewers via websites and apps than the 2012 Summer Olympics.
World Cup Final Match — U.S. Viewership by Year
The total number of viewers in the United States who watched the World Cup final match are as follows. English and Spanish channel viewership along with internet viewership are accounted for in these statistics. For context, the average number of viewers of that year's MLB best-of-seven World Series are also provided.
FIFA World Cup Final - viewers and ratings
Kickoff Time
(millions)
World Series
 United States
Brazil vs Italy
 France
Brazil vs France
 Japan
Germany vs Brazil
 Germany
Italy vs France
 South Africa
Netherlands vs Spain
 Brazil
Germany vs Argentina
Other World Cup Matches With Most U.S. Viewers
The following table shows the matches (other than a final match, which are shown in the table above) at the FIFA World Cup that scored the highest TV viewership. English and Spanish channel viewership (and internet viewership, where indicated) are accounted for in these statistics. All of the most-watched matches have taken place since 2010. The highest-rated U.S. World Cup matches have generally involved the U.S. national team.
(millions)
 United States v.  Portugal
 United States v.  Belgium
 United States v.  Ghana
 United States v.  Ghana
 United States v.  England
 Mexico v.  Netherlands
 United States v.  Germany
 Argentina v.  Netherlands
The following table shows the most-viewed international men's team matches other than World Cup matches. Both English and Spanish channel viewership are accounted for in these statistics.
(millions)
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
ESPN (1.9)
USA v. Mexico
FSC (1.4), Univision
Brazil v. Spain
ESPN (1.2), Univision
USA v. Panama
Gold Cup final
FOX (1.7), Univision
USA v. Mexico
ESPN, Univision
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
ESPN (1.6)
USA v. Mexico
Gold Cup final
FSC, Univision
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
USA v. Mexico
ESPN2, Univision
Spain v. Italy
ESPN (2.4), ESPN Deportes
FIFA Women's World Cup Matches With Highest U.S. Ratings and Viewership
11.4 rating / 18.0 million viewers - , USA v. China (ABC)
7.4 rating / 13.5 million viewers - , Japan vs USA (ESPN)
2.3 rating / 3.9 million viewers -
Quarterfinal, USA vs Brazil (ESPN)
1.7 rating / 2.6 million viewers -
Quarterfinal, USA v. Germany (ESPN)
1.7 rating / 2.5 million viewers -
Group Stage, USA v. Denmark (ABC)
The largest category of soccer in the United States in terms of participation is boys' and girls' youth soccer. Soccer is one of the most played sports by children in the United States. In 2012, soccer was the #4 most played team sport by high school boys, and soccer overtook softball to become the #3 most played team sport by high school girls. As of 2006, the U.S. was the #1 country in the world for participation in youth soccer, with 3.9 million American youths (2.3 million boys and 1.6 million girls) registered with U.S. Soccer. The number of high school soccer players more than doubled from 1990 to 2010, giving soccer the fastest growth rate among all major U.S. sports. In recent decades, more youth sports organizations have turned to soccer as a supplement to American football,[] and most American high schools offer both soccer and football in their fall sports seasons. Due to the rising number of youths playing, the term
is used in American social and political discourse to describe middle- or upper-middle class suburban women with school-age children. Americans between the ages of 12 and 24 rank professional soccer as their second favorite sport behind only American football. And in 2011, the FIFA video game ranked as the #2 most popular video game in the country, behind only Madden.
Though organized locally by organizations all over the United States, there are three main youth soccer organizations working nationwide through affiliated local associations. The
boasts over three million players between the ages of five and 19, while
has more than 600,000 players between the ages of four and 19. Finally, the USL offers a number of youth leagues, including the
and the , which have almost 1,000 teams and tens of thousands of players from the ages of 13 to 20.
The professional soccer clubs of the United States and Canada, year 2013.
Main article:
Main article:
The professional first-division league in the United States is
(MLS), which currently has 16 teams in the U.S. and 3 in Canada. With careful cost controls and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums, some MLS clubs became profitable for the first time in the mid-2000s, and
magazine found that three clubs were already valued at $40 million or more, with the Los Angeles Galaxy worth $100 million. The establishment of the
in 2007 has led to the signings of international superstars such as
and , and .
Major League Soccer has been in an , going from 10 teams in 2005 to 19 teams today, with plans to add teams in New York and Orlando to expand to 21 teams by 2015, and to expand to 24 teams by 2020. The league's 2007 and 2009 expansion to Toronto and Seattle, respectively, have proven highly successful, with league-leading ticket and merchandise sales, capped by a sold-out attendances for friendlies against Real Madrid of Spain and Chelsea of England. In 2013, New York City FC agreed to pay a record $100 million expansion fee for the right to join MLS in 2015.
Pro Soccer Teams
MLS average attendance has been steadily growing, from 13,756 in 2000 to 18,807 in 2012. MLS has drawn a higher per-game attendance than
every year since 2011. Professional soccer has been less popular in the United States than most other parts of the world.[] Although MLS is also much younger than most other countries' first divisions, it is already the 12th most-attended premier division in the world. MLS has announced its goal of developing into one of the top soccer leagues in the world by 2022.
The second-tier league is a new incarnation of the . This league was formed in late 2009, with plans to launch in the 2010 season, by disgruntled team owners from the former second-level league, the , after
sold its stake in the latter league's parent corporation, the
(USL). U.S. Soccer refused to sanction either the First Division or the new NASL for 2010, and the two groups eventually agreed to unite for 2010 only under the banner of , run directly by U.S. Soccer and including teams from both leagues. U.S. Soccer initially sanctioned the new NASL in November 2010, revoked its sanctioning in January 2011 due to financial issues surrounding the ownership of several teams, and re-sanctioned it in February 2011. The NASL launched in 2011 with eight teams—five on the U.S. mainland, one in
(a U.S. commonwealth that has its own national federation), and two in Canada.
left the NASL after the 2011 the league remained at eight teams for 2012 as
joined NASL. In 2013, a
joined the NASL.
joined in 2014, while the , , and
are scheduled to join in 2015.
Following the USL–NASL feud and a subsequent tightening of U.S. Soccer standards for owners of second-division teams, the USL folded its First and
into a new third-level league, , which launched in 2011. It began with 15 teams—11 on the U.S. mainland, three in Puerto Rico, and one in the
country of —but due to issues with the health and finances of two of the Puerto Rican owners, the Puerto Rican teams were dropped from the league shortly after the beginning of its first season. USL Pro now operates with 11 teams after one of the U.S.-based teams folded following the 2011 a new U.S.-based team joined the league in 2013. In that same year, MLS and USL Pro entered into a formal agreement that will eventually merge the current
into the USL Pro structure. Each MLS team will be expected to field a reserve team in USL Pro, either by operating a standalone team or affiliating with an independently owned team. After the 2013 season, the Antigua and Barbuda team folded, as well as one U.S.- four new teams entered the league for 2014,
an MLS reserve side. Six more teams—five in the U.S. and one in Canada—are set to enter the league in 2015. The
will be operated by , and
will replace
(USL) operates five leagues in all, spanning the lower divisions of men's professional soccer, as well as women's soccer and youth soccer. Below USL Pro is the country's semi-professional fourth-division league, the , which has (as of the upcoming 2013 season) 53 teams in the U.S., eight in Canada, and one in Bermuda. Though the PDL does have some paid players, it also has many teams that are made up entirely or almost entirely of
players who use the league as an opportunity to play competitive soccer in front of professional scouts during the summer, while retaining amateur status and NCAA eligibility.
governs amateur soccer competition for adults throughout the United States, which is effectively the amateur fifth division of soccer in the United States.
The Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup is a
tournament in . The tournament is the oldest ongoing national soccer competition in the U.S. and is currently open to all
affiliated teams, from amateur adult club teams to the professional clubs of . The Open Cup was first held in , when it was called the National Challenge Cup.
The overall league structure in the United States is significantly different from that used in almost all the rest of the world, but similar to that used by , in that there is no system of
between lower and higher leagues, but rather a
system, generally the same as almost . In addition, teams playing in American soccer leagues are not private clubs founded independently of the league that join a league in order to ensure regular fixtures, but are instead usually franchises of the league itself. Finally, the soccer leagues in the United States also incorporate features common to other American sports leagues, most notably the determination of champions by
between the top teams after the conclusion of a league season. MLS formerly had a balanced schedule and prior to then used an unbalanced schedule. However, due to MLS's recent expansion, the league has returned to an unbalanced schedule.
However, in several ways, American soccer leagues have become more similar to leagues in the rest of the world in recent years. MLS and USL now allow games to end in ties, which were initially avoided via a penalty shootout if scores were level at the end of play. This was done to avoid alienating mainstream American sports fans, who are not accustomed to tie games, but actually had the unintended consequence of alienating soccer purists who saw the change as an "Americanization" of the sport. MLS began allowing ties in the . Additionally, MLS and USL now use upward-counting clocks that do not stop for stoppages in play, and instead add on time before half time and full-time. A downward-counting clock that stops for dead balls and ends the game when it reaches zero is still in use in American high school and college soccer, as well as most other American sports, but was and is completely foreign to soccer played outside the United States. MLS adopted the international clock in 2000. Finally, until recently,[] the front of teams' shirts in MLS and the USL did not bear , as commercial uniform sponsorship is uncommon in American sports. However, starting in the mid-2000s, clubs were allowed to accept corporate sponsorship on the front of their shirts.
Women's soccer in the United States has been played at the professional level, but two attempts at professional leagues have failed.
The first women's professional soccer league was the . It was formed in 2001 and featured successful American players , , and many other national team stars including Germany's . The WUSA ceased operation at the end of 2003.
The second attempt,
(WPS), experienced considerable instability in its three seasons of operation from . WPS launched in 2009 with seven teams. The 2009 season was successful, with
winning the title in Cinderella fashion and the league met its financial goals. The league started the 2010 season with eight teams, as the
folded and two new teams joined, but the
folded during the 2010 season, bringing WPS back to its original number of seven teams. Following the 2010 season, the 2010 champions
folded, and the
could not meet financial criteria to remain in WPS and dropped to the second-tier
(WPSL). The league operated with six teams in 2011 operating entirely along the , with one 2011 newcomer the . The 2011 season saw a boost following the women's national team's run in the .However, the 2011 season was also marked by conflict between the league and franchise owner . He had purchased the , charter league members, and moved the team to
and renamed it . After the 2011 season, WPS terminated the franchise. A subsequent legal battle between WPS and Borislow led the league to cancel its 2012 season, before ultimately deciding to fold.
In the 2012 season, the top level of women's soccer in the U.S. was the newly formed , a semi-pro league established by the WPSL as a response to the troubles plaguing WPS. The league's eight teams included six fully professional teams, three of which—the Red Stars, , and —previously played in WPS. Two independent semi-professional leagues formed the second tier of women's soccer—the USL's
and the main WPSL, which broke from the W-League in 1997. As of 2011, the W-League had 19 U.S.-based teams and eight Canadian-based teams, while the WPSL had 65 teams in the U.S. only. Both leagues serve roughly the same purpose for women's soccer as the USL's PDL serves for men's soccer, in that they allow collegiate players to maintain NCAA eligibility while continuing to develop their game against quality opponents. There is no current equivalent to the U.S. Open Cup in the women's game.
A third attempt at a women's professional league, replacing WPS and WPSL Elite, launched in 2013 with eight teams. The league was officially announced by U.S. Soccer on November 21, 2012, with the
(FMF) also participating in the announcement. The league will be called the
(NWSL). Teams in the NWSL are privately owned, but national federations are heavily involved in league financing and operations. All three federations are paying salaries for many of their respective national team members. U.S. Soccer committed to funding up to 24 national team members, with the CSA committing to paying 16 players and FMF pledging support for 12 to 16 (ultimately 16). This freed each of the eight charter teams from having to pay salaries for up to seven players. In addition, U.S. Soccer hosts the new league's front office, and is scheduling matches to avoid conflicts with international tournaments. Most teams in the new league are playing in smaller stadiums than those in previous leagues. At the lower end of the salary scale, players are essentially semi-professional. Four of the league's charter teams have WPS ties—the , Chicago Red Stars, a revival of the New Jersey-based , and the Western New York Flash. The other four are in , , , and , with the Portland team being run by the . The league added its second MLS-linked team in 2014 with the entry of the , run by the
and playing in .
The United States men's and women's national soccer teams represent the
Main article:
The men's national team competes in the
and the , in addition to the
and other competitions by invitation.
The U.S. national team had some success in early FIFA World Cup tournaments. The U.S. finished third in the , and played in the 1934 World Cup. The next World Cup participation came in the , where they upset England 1-0 in group play. After 1950, the USA did not return to the World Cup for another 40 years. The fortunes of the U.S. national team changed in the 1990s, with the team participating in every World Cup since 1990. The USA hosted the , beating Colombia to reach the knockout rounds, before losing to Brazil in the round of sixteen. The team reached the quarter-finals of the
by defeating its rival Mexico. The U.S. team also accomplished another first by winning its group at the .
The U.S. national team participated in the . The U.S. defeated #1 ranked Spain in the semifinals, before losing to Brazil 3-2 in the final. On the regional stage, the national team has also improved, with a record up to 2013 of reaching the final of the biannual
nine times since 1989, winning it five times: , , 2013.
Main article:
The , were the first ever
in the United States. They competed in the , the , and the , in addition to the
and other competitions by invitation. The United States women's team has been one of the best national teams in the history of , having won two World Cups (in
and ). They also won four Olympic gold medals (in , , , and ), and nine Algarve Cups (in , , 2007, , , , and ). As of the most recent release of the
in June 2013, Team USA is the world's top women's national team.
There are several factors that may have contributed to the early dominance of the . First is the relative lack of attention afforded the women's game in some traditional soccer-playing countries. Another contributing factor is the role of women within American society, which includes relative equality (especially rejecting hardened gender roles) for women in the United States relative to many other countries. This is also reflected in official government policy regarding women in athletics, specifically the landmark
legislation, which broadly requires any educational institution that receives federal government funds to support men's and women's educational programs equally, thus including athletics. America's approach to growing the game among women has served as a model for other countries' development programs for women at all levels.[]
In the United States,
is featured in many collegiate athletic associations including , , the , the , and the
for schools without collegiate programs, but have a collegiate club team. Many top American college soccer players play for separate teams in the
(PDL) during the summer.
The , the semifinals and finals of which are known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate college soccer tournament conducted by the NCAA, and determines the
men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it crowned
as the inaugural champion. The tournament's current format involves 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Since its inception, Saint Louis (10 titles),
(8 titles), and
(6 titles) have historically been the most successful Division I schools. Indiana has appeared in more College Cups (18) and has a higher winning percentage in post-season play (.768) than any other school in Division I soccer.
Since the early 1990s, several Americans have found opportunities playing
at the highest levels of foreign leagues. Among the first Americans to become regulars in foreign leagues were
in England,
in Germany,
in England.
The following is a list of Americans playing in top division of the "Big Four" leagues in Europe (England, Germany, Spain, Italy). For a comprehensive listing of Americans abroad, see the list of .
In England's
In Germany's
In Italy's
In Spain's
The following national teams of U.S. unincorporated territories compete in their corresponding regions. Their governing bodies are either member or associate in the corresponding regional federations. For all but American Samoa, players for these territories are, like most local residents, U.S. citizens. Natives of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, but not U.S. citizens.
- The Massachusetts Historical Society (1926) at HathiTrust Digital Library
on The Boston Globe, 21 Nov 2012
, 2 Aug 2014
, 16 Aug 1977
, 14 Aug 1977
U.S. Census Bureau, Participation in Selected Sports Activities: 2009,
Mazumdar, Partha (June 5, 2006). . Embassy of the United States in London 2009.
, Expansion, refs, Cascadia: MLS Commissioner Don Garber covers it all in annual address, February 27, 2013,
. Huffington Post. July 13, 2010.
Crawford, Scott (2013). . New Orleans: LAprepSoccer Publishing Co.  .
Roger Allaway (February 14, 2001).
Gardner, Paul. The Simplest Game, Macmillan, 1996
NCAA Soccer, Men's Attendance Records,
Inside Sports magazine, Soccer – Loved and Ignored, July 1984,
, The History of Women's High School Soccer, January 6, 2011,
Attendance Records, Largest Crowds in the United States,
MLS Soccer, Women's World Cup final sets new US television record, July 18, 2011,
Title IX and Athletics,
FIFA magazine, Big Count, 265 million playing football, July 2007,
ESPN FC, Relegation Zone, Soccer's big takeover, September 20, 2012,
Sports Business Journal, Fan base complexity sets up intense competition for attention, June 27, 2011,
ESPN FC, Soccer's big takeover, September 20, 2012,
ESPN FC, It's official: Lionel Messi is an icon in American sports, October 22, 2013,
, ESPN FC, August 2, 2014.
. . August 2, 2014.
(in Spanish). fesfut.org.sv. January 29, .
(in Spanish). . February 9, .
RSL soapbox, For Major League Soccer it is all about the numbers, TV, attendance, and season tickets, May 18, 2012,
Soccer America, Fox to air four EPL games, September 1, 2011,
SI.com, My soccer predictions for 2013, December 27, 2012,
, Yahoo, July 23, 2014.
"Soccer Myths in America," Washington Post Express, page 9, July 11, 2014.
, Tampa Bay Times, July 15, 2014.
, FIFA Women's World Cup, Germany 2011.
, TV By The Numbers, July 1, 2013.
, TV By The Numbers, July 30, 2013.
, TV By The Numbers, July 3, 2012.
, Sports Media Watch, May 14, 2014.
, ESPN FC, August 17, 2012.
. The Washington Post 2010.
Nielsen, 2013 Year in Sports Media Report
, Updated: 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup schedule, July 2, 2013,
Bleacher Report, ESPN TV Ratings for Euro 2012: New Record Viewings in U.S. for Soccer Final, July 3, 2012,
Soccer America, Confederations Cup viewers up 26 percent on ESPN, June 26, 2013,
SI.com, Lots of questions about Fox's surprising World Cup coup, October 21, 2011,
Soccer Times, ABC\ESPN, Univision pay record $425 million for men's, women's Cups through 2014, November 2, 2005,
(July 17, 2006). .
Richard Sandomir, , The New York Times, July 11, 2006, p. D1
Baseball Almanac, World Series Television Ratings,
TV by the numbers, 112 Million U.S. Viewers Watched 2010 World Cup, Up 22% From 2006, July 13, 2010,
New York Times, Soccer’s Growth in the U.S. Seems Steady, July 23, 2010,
, Soccer By Ives, June 23, 2014. Viewers included 18.2 million on ESPN, 6.5 million on Univision, and more than 1 million on WatchESPN.
, Soccer By Ives, July 2, 2014.
World Series Television Ratings,
Sandomir, Richard (July 11, 2006). . The New York Times.
. Los Angeles Times. July 13, 2010.
26.5 m on ABC and Univision. Also 1.8 m on Univision digital and 900,000 on WATCHespn app
Revised US Men’s National Team TV Ratings Chart, June 24, 2010,
, MLS Soccer, July 2, 2014. TV viewership was 16.5m on ESPN, and 5.1m on Univision. Internet viewership was 1.5m on WatchESPN and 1.8m on Univision.
, Soccer By Ives, June 18, 2014.
, , June 17, 2014. (ESPN 11.1m, Univision 4.8m, Univision online 1.7m, and WatchESPN 1.4m)
, , June 17, 2014.
, June 30, 2014. Viewership was 10.4m Univision and 6.6m ESPN.
, Sports Media Watch, June 27, 2014. Viewership included 10.8m on ESPN and 3.4m on Univision.
, 2.5 Million online viewers 1.7 on WatchESPN and 750,000 on Univision Digital.
, July 10, 2014.
, July 10, 2014. Univision viewership 5.4m, online viewership 1.2m.
ESPN broadcast viewership 6.8m, WatchESPN online viewership 2.4m.
Sports Illustrated, U.S. vs. Mexico gets record TV rating for qualifier, September 11, 2013,
TVbytheNumbers, USA vs. Mexico World Cup Qualifier on UniMás Draws 7.5 Million Total Viewers, September 11, 2013,
TVbytheNumbers, U.S. - Mexico Gold Cup Final Crushes Audience & Ratings Record on FOX Soccer, June 29, 2011,
, July 2, 2013.
, July 1, 2013.
Awful Announcing, GOLD CUP FINAL BEATS MLB RATINGS THIS WEEKEND, July 30, 2013,
Sports Illustrated, U.S. vs. Mexico gets record TV rating for qualifier, September 11, 2013,
, TV by the numbers, February 12, 2009.
, July 3, 2012.
, July 3, 2012.
TV by the Numbers, ESPN Grows Audience for FIFA Women’s World C USA - Brazil: Third Most-Viewed FIFA Women’s World Cup Match Ever, July 12, 2011,
National Federation of State High School Associations, High School Sports Participation Achieves All-time High, August 23, 2012,
FIFA Magazine, Big Count, 265 million playing football, July 2007
New York Times, Soccer's Growth in the U.S. Seems Steady, July 23, 2010,
The Economist, The Cosmos come back, February 16, 2013
New York Times, Fox Again Will Shift to Soccer After N.F.L., November 19, 2011,
Schwartz, Peter J.; Badenhausen, Kurt (September 9, 2008). . Forbes.
Business of Soccer, NYCFC More About Major League Soccer Than New York, May 22, 2013,
Bleacher Report, NBA and NHL Get the Boot: MLS Is the 3rd Most Attended Sports League in America, August 8, 2012,
. . August 2012.
May, John (July 18, 2007). . .
ESPN FC, Don Garber right to say MLS can be among top leagues in 10 years, March 1, 2013,
. <. October 27, .
Associated Press (January 30, 2012). . < 2012.
Dure, Beau (May 18, 2012). .
(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. November 21, .
(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. December 15, .
Carlisle, Jeff (November 21, 2012). . Soccer USA.
. . . November 21, .
Goff, Steve (December 11, 2013). .
. FIFA. June 21, .
by Ivan Waddington and Martin Roderick, September 2, 1996, retrieved December 6, 2005.
: Hidden categories:}
Soccer in the United States is governed by the , commonly known as U.S. Soccer. The organization governs all levels of soccer in the country, including the national teams, professional leagues, and the amateur game. With over 13 million Americans playing soccer in the United States,
is the third most played team sport in the U.S., behind only basketball and baseball/softball. The popularity of soccer in the U.S. has been growing since the 1960s and 1970s, and received a significant boost when the United States hosted the . In the , the sport of
is mainly referred to as "soccer", as the term "football" is primarily used to refer to the sport of .
The highest professional soccer league in the U.S. is . MLS began play in 1996 with 10 teams, and has grown to 19 teams today (16 in the United States and 3 in Canada), with
planned. The MLS season runs from March to December, with the regular-season winner awarded the
and the post-season winner awarded the . With an average attendance of over 18,000 per game, MLS has the third highest average attendance of any sports league in the U.S., and is the seventh highest attended professional soccer league worldwide.
Soccer fans also follow the U.S. national teams, in particular the World Cup, which is held every four years. The World Cup has become increasingly popular with U.S. TV audiences, with the
drawing 24 million American viewers. The
has played in every
since 1990, and the
has won the
Main article:
There has been some debate about the origins of modern soccer in America. It has long been held that the modern game entered the States through
in the 1860s. However, recent research has shown that soccer entered America through the port of , as Irish, English, Scottish, and German immigrants brought the game with them. It was in New Orleans that many of the first games of soccer in America were held.
has been named as the first association football club in the United States but there is still discussion on what rules the club used, and it broke up within the space of a few years. According to , the club is often credited with inventing the "Boston Game", which both allowed players to kick a round ball along the ground, and to pick it up and run with it.
known to have been inspired by FA rules was a game between
on November 6, 1869, which was won by Rutgers 6-4. The FA rules were followed in the Princeton-Rutgers contest: participants were only allowed to kick the ball and each side had 25 players. Other colleges emulated this development, but all of these were converted to rugby by the mid-1870s and would soon become famous as early bastions of .
were among the few clubs to win both the National Challenge Cup and the American Cup.
The earliest examples of governance in the sport started in 1884, when the
(AFA) was incarnated. The AFA sought to standardize rules for the local soccer teams based in the , particularly in northern
and southern
state. By 1886, the AFA had spread in influence into Pennsylvania and Massachusetts.
Within a year of its founding, the AFA organized the first non-league cup in American soccer history, known as the . For the first dozen years, clubs from New Jersey and Massachusetts dominated the competition. It would not be until 1897 that a club from outside those two states won the . Philadelphia Manz brought the title to Pennsylvania for the first time. Due to internal conflicts within the AFA, the cup was suspended in 1899, and it was not resumed until 1906.
Early soccer leagues in the U.S. mostly used the name "football," for example: the
(founded in 1884), the American Amateur Football Association (1893), the
(1894), the
(1895), and the Southern New England Football League (1914). Common confusion between the terms "" and "association football" eventually led to a more domestic widespread use of the term "soccer" to regard association football. Originally seen as a British slang term for "", the use of "soccer" began appearing in the late 1910s and early 1920s. A noticeable example was the
(ASL), which formed in 1919. The governing body of the sport in the U.S. did not have the word "soccer" in its name until 1945, when it became the United States Soccer Football Association. It did not drop the word "football" from its name until 1974, when it became the United States Soccer Federation, often going simply as U.S. Soccer.
In October 1911, a competing body, the
(AAFA) was created. The association quickly spread outside of the
and created its own cup in 1912, the .
The conflicts within the AFA led to a movement to create a truly national body to oversee American soccer. In 1913, both the AAFA and AFA applied for membership in , the international governing body for soccer. Drawing on both its position as the oldest soccer organization and the status of the American Cup, the AFA argued that it should be the nationally recognized body. Later that year, the AAFA gained an edge over the AFA when several AFA organizations moved to the AAFA.
On April 5, 1913, the AAFA reorganized as the
(USFA), presently known as the . FIFA quickly granted a provisional membership and USFA began exerting its influence on the sport. This led to the establishment of the National Challenge Cup, which still exists as the , that fall. The National Challenge Cup quickly grew to overshadow the American Cup. However, both cups were played simultaneously for the next ten years. Declining respect for the AFA led to the withdrawal of several associations from its cup in 1917. Further competition came in 1924 when USFA created the . That spelled the death knell for the American Cup. It played its last season in 1924.
During the days of the , the league was seen as widely popular, and considered to be the second most popular sports league in the United States, only behind .[] However, the "soccer war" between the USFA and ASL, combined with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929, led to the demise of the ASL in 1933, and the demise of the sport in the United States, entering a prolonged time of obscurity.
The prominence of
increased with the NCAA sanctioning an annual men's soccer championship, beginning in 1959 with the inaugural championship won by .
Two professional soccer leagues were started in 1967, the
and the , which merged to form the
in 1968. The NASL enjoyed a significant boost in popularity when the
signed Pele to play for three seasons from 1975-77. The Cosmos drew large publicity throughout the late 1970s. Between 1977 and 1980, the N.Y. Cosmos drew crowds of more than 60,000 on ten occasions, and over 70,000 on seven occasions. The NASL declined during the early 1980s and disbanded in 1984. The popularity of
peaked in the 1980s, with both the NASL, and the , operating indoor soccer leagues.
The 1970s and 1980s saw increased popularity of the college game. Women's college soccer received a significant boost in 1972 with the passage of Title IX, which mandated equal funding for women's athletic programs, leading to colleges forming NCAA sanctioned women's varsity teams. A men's match between St. Louis University and
drew a college record 22,512 fans to
on October 30, 1980. By 1984, more colleges played soccer (532) than American football (505).
In 1967 there were 100,000 people playing soccer in the US; by 1984, that number had grown to over 4 million. Girls high school soccer experienced tremendous growth in playing numbers throughout the 1970s and 1980s—from 10,000 in 1976, to 41,000 in 1980, to 122,000 in 1990.
The soccer matches for the
were well attended. Five matches drew over 75,000 fans, and two soccer matches at the
in Pasadena, California, drew over 100,000 fans. These high attendance figures were one factor that FIFA took into consideration in 1988 when deciding to award the 1994 World Cup to the United States.
Interest in soccer within the United States continued to grow during the 1990s. This growth has been attributed in significant part to the fact that the
was held in the United States for the first time in . This won the sport more attention from both the media and casual sports fans. The tournament was successful, drawing an average attendance of 68,991, a World Cup record that still stands today. The 1994 World Cup drew record TV audiences in the U.S.
As part of the United States' bid to host the 1994 World Cup, U.S. Soccer pledged to create a professional outdoor league.
launched in 1996, which helped develop American players in a way that was not possible without a domestic league. Many of these players competed in the , where the
reached the quarterfinals, its best result in the modern era.
The growth of the women's game during the 1990s helped increase overall interest in soccer in the United States. The number of women's college soccer teams increased from 318 in 1991 to 959 in 2009. Both the
were held in the United States. The crowd of over 90,000 at the
remains the largest crowd in the world to witness any women's sporting event.
As of 2006, over 24 million Americans play soccer. There are 4.2 million players (2.5 million men and 1.7 million women) registered with U.S. Soccer. Thirty percent of American households contain someone playing soccer, a figure second only to baseball. Increasing numbers of Americans, having played the game in their youth, are now avid spectators. A 2011 ESPN sports poll ranked soccer as the fourth most popular team sport in the United States, with 8.2% of Americans ranking soccer as their favorite sport (compared to 3.8% for hockey). A 2011 ESPN sports poll ranked soccer as the second most popular sport in the country for 12-24-year-olds. In 2013,
became the first soccer player ever to rank among the Top 10 most popular athletes in the U.S.
In addition, as Latin American immigration increases throughout the nation, so does the popularity of soccer. Furthermore, the increase in popularity of soccer in the United States is also the result of other factors such as globalization (with the resulting greater TV exposure given to soccer), the continued presence of U.S. teams in international competitions, and the continued building of soccer-specific stadiums in the country.
Attendance
France 2–0 Brazil
Yugoslavia 2–1 Italy
France 4–2 Yugoslavia
Brazil 0–0 Italy
Many soccer matches in the United States draw large crowds, particularly international matches. A
match between
had an attendance of 109,318, a record crowd for a U.S. soccer match.
quarterfinal matches drew over 82,000 to . Between , the U.S. played three times in East Rutherford, NJ, drawing over 78,000 fans each game. The
national teams have been playing in front of crowds in excess of 60,000 in the U.S. in recent years.
Also in recent years, many top-division European clubs—such as English clubs
and , and Spanish clubs
and —have spent portions of their pre-season summer schedule playing matches in the United States. These matches have been highly attended events for U.S. stadiums. The 2009
drew large crowds around the country, and Chelsea's four-game stint in the United States drew record crowds for a visiting foreign team.
Nations from other regions have decided to organize tournaments in the U.S., given the growing soccer market in the country. For example, the , a soccer competition for countries from Central America, will be held in the U.S., due to the commercial appeal of the U.S. soccer market. Similarly, the
will also be held in the U.S., marking the first time that tournament is held outside of South America. The U.S. was selected to host for financial reasons, because "the market is in the United States, the stadiums are in the United States . . . everything is in the United States."
Furthermore, several nations schedule friendly matches to be held in the U.S. against opponents other than the U.S. national team. For example, the
usually schedules several friendlies in the U.S. each year against various opponents. The
also regularly plays friendlies in the U.S., often in the Washington DC area. The
also plays matches in the U.S.
U.S. television coverage and viewership of club and international soccer is at an all-time high. Mainstream sports networks , , and
regularly provide coverage of soccer, as do several popular Spanish-language channels such as , , and . Additionally, the U.S. has several networks devoted mostly or completely to the sport, including
The size of the annual TV market in the U.S. for annual club soccer competitions was $126 million as of 2009. The club soccer competitions that generated the most annual revenue from TV audiences in the United States are Major League Soccer ($90m), England's
($83m), the
($50m), Spain's
($16m), and the
($10m). The most widely accessed televised soccer league in the United States is Mexico's , which has most of its games televised live and free on television channels , ,
and . Fox began showing
matches on network TV in 2011, the first time that Premier League matches aired on U.S. broadcast TV. U.S. TV rights for the English Premier League were sold to NBC Sports in 2012 for $250 million for three years beginning with the 2013-14 season. Viewership for the Premier League's 2013-14 season on NBC Sports was 32 million, more than double the previous season. The Premier League earns higher ratings on NBCSN than the National Hockey League, despite the fact that the Premier League is shown in the morning while NHL games are in primetime. Major League Soccer has received broadcast fees from ESPN since 2008, and MLS signed a three-year deal in 2011 with NBC Sports to nationally televise 40 matches per year from . MLS has since then signed new television agreements with ESPN, FOX Sports, and Univision worth in total $90 million per year from . In addition, the
final was broadcast live on the , marking the first time in history that a soccer match between two European club teams was televised in the U.S. on English-language .[]
Major U.S. TV Contracts (International Competitions)
Competition
Annual revenue
English language
Spanish language
Average viewership
Fox Sports
$475 mil ()
$600 mil ()
4.6m (ESPN/ABC)
3.5m (Univision)
Fox Sports
1.5m (ESPN)
Fox Sports
1.6m (Univision)
Fox Sports
2012/13 - 2015/16
1.5m (Univision)
1.3m (ESPN)
325,000 (ESPN Deportes)
Major U.S. TV Contracts (Club Competitions)
ESPN & Fox Sports
$600 mil ()
$120 mil ()
310,000 (ESPN)
125,000 (NBCSN)
230,000 (Unimas)
NBC Sports
$250 mil (15/16)
438,000 (NBCSN)
(2013–14)
115,000 (ESPN Deportes)
29,000 (GolTV)
Fox Sports
2015/16 – 2017/18
& $380 mil
The rights to the two FIFA World Cups during the
timeframe also include rights to the two
and the two
during those years.
The rights to the
also include the rights to the .
In addition, these TV networks also provide coverage of international soccer competitions, including the , the , the , the , the , and the , and
matches. The
is also a popular team featured on Spanish language television and on ESPN.
In addition to the World Cup, other international soccer competitions involving the U.S. team have become more popular among TV viewers. The 2007
attracted record television viewership, with the Univision telecast of the final between the United States and Mexico ranking as the third-most watched Spanish-language program of all-time in the United States, beaten only by two FIFA World Cup finals matches. The
featuring the United States attracted 6.9 million viewers (including both the English and Spanish broadcasts). The 2013 World Cup qualifier between the U.S. and Mexico drew 7 million viewers, higher than the 5.8 million average viewers of the . Three
matches were broadcast on the main Fox network channel, the first time since 2002 that a U.S. national team match outside of the World Cup was broadcast on network TV.
TV networks in the U.S. have also begun showing international soccer tournaments that do not include the United States.
was shown on ESPN and ABC. Viewership for the
was 51% higher than 2008, with the 2012 final watched by over 4 million viewers. The viewership on ESPN of the group-stage matches of the
was 26% higher than the 2009 tournament, even though the U.S. did not play in the 2013 tournament.
The most popular soccer event on TV in the U.S. is the . In 2005, the U.S. TV rights for the 2010 and 2014 World Cups were sold to ABC/ESPN and Univision for $425 million in "the biggest TV deal in a single country in FIFA's history." The telecasts of the
attracted an estimated 17 million American viewers, higher than the 15.8 million average viewership of the .
The total TV viewership in the U.S. for all the matches including the final for the
was 112 million viewers, a 22% increase over viewing numbers for the 2006 World Cup. The
game drew 24.3 million viewers in the United States, higher than the 14.3 million average viewership of the . 's dramatic game-winning goal against Algeria that advanced the US team to the
of the 2010 World Cup resulted in jubilant celebrations across the United States. In 2011, the U.S. TV rights for the 2018 and 2022 World Cups were sold to Fox and Telemundo for a record $1.1 billion, more than any other country in the world, and 147 percent higher than the 2010 and 2014 TV rights.
By 2014, the World Cup was considered an elite sports property on U.S. television. The USA-Portugal match during the 2014 World Cup registered 18.2 million viewers on ESPN, making it the most viewed program on ESPN, other than NFL or college football games, and eclipsing viewership numbers of other high-profile sports events such as MLB's World Series, the NBA Finals, and NHL Finals. The 2014 FIFA World Cup also generated strong internet traffic, with the tournament generating more viewers via websites and apps than the 2012 Summer Olympics.
World Cup Final Match — U.S. Viewership by Year
The total number of viewers in the United States who watched the World Cup final match are as follows. English and Spanish channel viewership along with internet viewership are accounted for in these statistics. For context, the average number of viewers of that year's MLB best-of-seven World Series are also provided.
FIFA World Cup Final - viewers and ratings
Kickoff Time
(millions)
World Series
 United States
Brazil vs Italy
 France
Brazil vs France
 Japan
Germany vs Brazil
 Germany
Italy vs France
 South Africa
Netherlands vs Spain
 Brazil
Germany vs Argentina
Other World Cup Matches With Most U.S. Viewers
The following table shows the matches (other than a final match, which are shown in the table above) at the FIFA World Cup that scored the highest TV viewership. English and Spanish channel viewership (and internet viewership, where indicated) are accounted for in these statistics. All of the most-watched matches have taken place since 2010. The highest-rated U.S. World Cup matches have generally involved the U.S. national team.
(millions)
 United States v.  Portugal
 United States v.  Belgium
 United States v.  Ghana
 United States v.  Ghana
 United States v.  England
 Mexico v.  Netherlands
 United States v.  Germany
 Argentina v.  Netherlands
The following table shows the most-viewed international men's team matches other than World Cup matches. Both English and Spanish channel viewership are accounted for in these statistics.
(millions)
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
ESPN (1.9)
USA v. Mexico
FSC (1.4), Univision
Brazil v. Spain
ESPN (1.2), Univision
USA v. Panama
Gold Cup final
FOX (1.7), Univision
USA v. Mexico
ESPN, Univision
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
ESPN (1.6)
USA v. Mexico
Gold Cup final
FSC, Univision
USA v. Mexico
World Cup qualifier
USA v. Mexico
ESPN2, Univision
Spain v. Italy
ESPN (2.4), ESPN Deportes
FIFA Women's World Cup Matches With Highest U.S. Ratings and Viewership
11.4 rating / 18.0 million viewers - , USA v. China (ABC)
7.4 rating / 13.5 million viewers - , Japan vs USA (ESPN)
2.3 rating / 3.9 million viewers -
Quarterfinal, USA vs Brazil (ESPN)
1.7 rating / 2.6 million viewers -
Quarterfinal, USA v. Germany (ESPN)
1.7 rating / 2.5 million viewers -
Group Stage, USA v. Denmark (ABC)
The largest category of soccer in the United States in terms of participation is boys' and girls' youth soccer. Soccer is one of the most played sports by children in the United States. In 2012, soccer was the #4 most played team sport by high school boys, and soccer overtook softball to become the #3 most played team sport by high school girls. As of 2006, the U.S. was the #1 country in the world for participation in youth soccer, with 3.9 million American youths (2.3 million boys and 1.6 million girls) registered with U.S. Soccer. The number of high school soccer players more than doubled from 1990 to 2010, giving soccer the fastest growth rate among all major U.S. sports. In recent decades, more youth sports organizations have turned to soccer as a supplement to American football,[] and most American high schools offer both soccer and football in their fall sports seasons. Due to the rising number of youths playing, the term
is used in American social and political discourse to describe middle- or upper-middle class suburban women with school-age children. Americans between the ages of 12 and 24 rank professional soccer as their second favorite sport behind only American football. And in 2011, the FIFA video game ranked as the #2 most popular video game in the country, behind only Madden.
Though organized locally by organizations all over the United States, there are three main youth soccer organizations working nationwide through affiliated local associations. The
boasts over three million players between the ages of five and 19, while
has more than 600,000 players between the ages of four and 19. Finally, the USL offers a number of youth leagues, including the
and the , which have almost 1,000 teams and tens of thousands of players from the ages of 13 to 20.
The professional soccer clubs of the United States and Canada, year 2013.
Main article:
Main article:
The professional first-division league in the United States is
(MLS), which currently has 16 teams in the U.S. and 3 in Canada. With careful cost controls and the construction of soccer-specific stadiums, some MLS clubs became profitable for the first time in the mid-2000s, and
magazine found that three clubs were already valued at $40 million or more, with the Los Angeles Galaxy worth $100 million. The establishment of the
in 2007 has led to the signings of international superstars such as
and , and .
Major League Soccer has been in an , going from 10 teams in 2005 to 19 teams today, with plans to add teams in New York and Orlando to expand to 21 teams by 2015, and to expand to 24 teams by 2020. The league's 2007 and 2009 expansion to Toronto and Seattle, respectively, have proven highly successful, with league-leading ticket and merchandise sales, capped by a sold-out attendances for friendlies against Real Madrid of Spain and Chelsea of England. In 2013, New York City FC agreed to pay a record $100 million expansion fee for the right to join MLS in 2015.
Pro Soccer Teams
MLS average attendance has been steadily growing, from 13,756 in 2000 to 18,807 in 2012. MLS has drawn a higher per-game attendance than
every year since 2011. Professional soccer has been less popular in the United States than most other parts of the world.[] Although MLS is also much younger than most other countries' first divisions, it is already the 12th most-attended premier division in the world. MLS has announced its goal of developing into one of the top soccer leagues in the world by 2022.
The second-tier league is a new incarnation of the . This league was formed in late 2009, with plans to launch in the 2010 season, by disgruntled team owners from the former second-level league, the , after
sold its stake in the latter league's parent corporation, the
(USL). U.S. Soccer refused to sanction either the First Division or the new NASL for 2010, and the two groups eventually agreed to unite for 2010 only under the banner of , run directly by U.S. Soccer and including teams from both leagues. U.S. Soccer initially sanctioned the new NASL in November 2010, revoked its sanctioning in January 2011 due to financial issues surrounding the ownership of several teams, and re-sanctioned it in February 2011. The NASL launched in 2011 with eight teams—five on the U.S. mainland, one in
(a U.S. commonwealth that has its own national federation), and two in Canada.
left the NASL after the 2011 the league remained at eight teams for 2012 as
joined NASL. In 2013, a
joined the NASL.
joined in 2014, while the , , and
are scheduled to join in 2015.
Following the USL–NASL feud and a subsequent tightening of U.S. Soccer standards for owners of second-division teams, the USL folded its First and
into a new third-level league, , which launched in 2011. It began with 15 teams—11 on the U.S. mainland, three in Puerto Rico, and one in the
country of —but due to issues with the health and finances of two of the Puerto Rican owners, the Puerto Rican teams were dropped from the league shortly after the beginning of its first season. USL Pro now operates with 11 teams after one of the U.S.-based teams folded following the 2011 a new U.S.-based team joined the league in 2013. In that same year, MLS and USL Pro entered into a formal agreement that will eventually merge the current
into the USL Pro structure. Each MLS team will be expected to field a reserve team in USL Pro, either by operating a standalone team or affiliating with an independently owned team. After the 2013 season, the Antigua and Barbuda team folded, as well as one U.S.- four new teams entered the league for 2014,
an MLS reserve side. Six more teams—five in the U.S. and one in Canada—are set to enter the league in 2015. The
will be operated by , and
will replace
(USL) operates five leagues in all, spanning the lower divisions of men's professional soccer, as well as women's soccer and youth soccer. Below USL Pro is the country's semi-professional fourth-division league, the , which has (as of the upcoming 2013 season) 53 teams in the U.S., eight in Canada, and one in Bermuda. Though the PDL does have some paid players, it also has many teams that are made up entirely or almost entirely of
players who use the league as an opportunity to play competitive soccer in front of professional scouts during the summer, while retaining amateur status and NCAA eligibility.
governs amateur soccer competition for adults throughout the United States, which is effectively the amateur fifth division of soccer in the United States.
The Lamar Hunt U.S. Open Cup is a
tournament in . The tournament is the oldest ongoing national soccer competition in the U.S. and is currently open to all
affiliated teams, from amateur adult club teams to the professional clubs of . The Open Cup was first held in , when it was called the National Challenge Cup.
The overall league structure in the United States is significantly different from that used in almost all the rest of the world, but similar to that used by , in that there is no system of
between lower and higher leagues, but rather a
system, generally the same as almost . In addition, teams playing in American soccer leagues are not private clubs founded independently of the league that join a league in order to ensure regular fixtures, but are instead usually franchises of the league itself. Finally, the soccer leagues in the United States also incorporate features common to other American sports leagues, most notably the determination of champions by
between the top teams after the conclusion of a league season. MLS formerly had a balanced schedule and prior to then used an unbalanced schedule. However, due to MLS's recent expansion, the league has returned to an unbalanced schedule.
However, in several ways, American soccer leagues have become more similar to leagues in the rest of the world in recent years. MLS and USL now allow games to end in ties, which were initially avoided via a penalty shootout if scores were level at the end of play. This was done to avoid alienating mainstream American sports fans, who are not accustomed to tie games, but actually had the unintended consequence of alienating soccer purists who saw the change as an "Americanization" of the sport. MLS began allowing ties in the . Additionally, MLS and USL now use upward-counting clocks that do not stop for stoppages in play, and instead add on time before half time and full-time. A downward-counting clock that stops for dead balls and ends the game when it reaches zero is still in use in American high school and college soccer, as well as most other American sports, but was and is completely foreign to soccer played outside the United States. MLS adopted the international clock in 2000. Finally, until recently,[] the front of teams' shirts in MLS and the USL did not bear , as commercial uniform sponsorship is uncommon in American sports. However, starting in the mid-2000s, clubs were allowed to accept corporate sponsorship on the front of their shirts.
Women's soccer in the United States has been played at the professional level, but two attempts at professional leagues have failed.
The first women's professional soccer league was the . It was formed in 2001 and featured successful American players , , and many other national team stars including Germany's . The WUSA ceased operation at the end of 2003.
The second attempt,
(WPS), experienced considerable instability in its three seasons of operation from . WPS launched in 2009 with seven teams. The 2009 season was successful, with
winning the title in Cinderella fashion and the league met its financial goals. The league started the 2010 season with eight teams, as the
folded and two new teams joined, but the
folded during the 2010 season, bringing WPS back to its original number of seven teams. Following the 2010 season, the 2010 champions
folded, and the
could not meet financial criteria to remain in WPS and dropped to the second-tier
(WPSL). The league operated with six teams in 2011 operating entirely along the , with one 2011 newcomer the . The 2011 season saw a boost following the women's national team's run in the .However, the 2011 season was also marked by conflict between the league and franchise owner . He had purchased the , charter league members, and moved the team to
and renamed it . After the 2011 season, WPS terminated the franchise. A subsequent legal battle between WPS and Borislow led the league to cancel its 2012 season, before ultimately deciding to fold.
In the 2012 season, the top level of women's soccer in the U.S. was the newly formed , a semi-pro league established by the WPSL as a response to the troubles plaguing WPS. The league's eight teams included six fully professional teams, three of which—the Red Stars, , and —previously played in WPS. Two independent semi-professional leagues formed the second tier of women's soccer—the USL's
and the main WPSL, which broke from the W-League in 1997. As of 2011, the W-League had 19 U.S.-based teams and eight Canadian-based teams, while the WPSL had 65 teams in the U.S. only. Both leagues serve roughly the same purpose for women's soccer as the USL's PDL serves for men's soccer, in that they allow collegiate players to maintain NCAA eligibility while continuing to develop their game against quality opponents. There is no current equivalent to the U.S. Open Cup in the women's game.
A third attempt at a women's professional league, replacing WPS and WPSL Elite, launched in 2013 with eight teams. The league was officially announced by U.S. Soccer on November 21, 2012, with the
(FMF) also participating in the announcement. The league will be called the
(NWSL). Teams in the NWSL are privately owned, but national federations are heavily involved in league financing and operations. All three federations are paying salaries for many of their respective national team members. U.S. Soccer committed to funding up to 24 national team members, with the CSA committing to paying 16 players and FMF pledging support for 12 to 16 (ultimately 16). This freed each of the eight charter teams from having to pay salaries for up to seven players. In addition, U.S. Soccer hosts the new league's front office, and is scheduling matches to avoid conflicts with international tournaments. Most teams in the new league are playing in smaller stadiums than those in previous leagues. At the lower end of the salary scale, players are essentially semi-professional. Four of the league's charter teams have WPS ties—the , Chicago Red Stars, a revival of the New Jersey-based , and the Western New York Flash. The other four are in , , , and , with the Portland team being run by the . The league added its second MLS-linked team in 2014 with the entry of the , run by the
and playing in .
The United States men's and women's national soccer teams represent the
Main article:
The men's national team competes in the
and the , in addition to the
and other competitions by invitation.
The U.S. national team had some success in early FIFA World Cup tournaments. The U.S. finished third in the , and played in the 1934 World Cup. The next World Cup participation came in the , where they upset England 1-0 in group play. After 1950, the USA did not return to the World Cup for another 40 years. The fortunes of the U.S. national team changed in the 1990s, with the team participating in every World Cup since 1990. The USA hosted the , beating Colombia to reach the knockout rounds, before losing to Brazil in the round of sixteen. The team reached the quarter-finals of the
by defeating its rival Mexico. The U.S. team also accomplished another first by winning its group at the .
The U.S. national team participated in the . The U.S. defeated #1 ranked Spain in the semifinals, before losing to Brazil 3-2 in the final. On the regional stage, the national team has also improved, with a record up to 2013 of reaching the final of the biannual
nine times since 1989, winning it five times: , , 2013.
Main article:
The , were the first ever
in the United States. They competed in the , the , and the , in addition to the
and other competitions by invitation. The United States women's team has been one of the best national teams in the history of , having won two World Cups (in
and ). They also won four Olympic gold medals (in , , , and ), and nine Algarve Cups (in , , 2007, , , , and ). As of the most recent release of the
in June 2013, Team USA is the world's top women's national team.
There are several factors that may have contributed to the early dominance of the . First is the relative lack of attention afforded the women's game in some traditional soccer-playing countries. Another contributing factor is the role of women within American society, which includes relative equality (especially rejecting hardened gender roles) for women in the United States relative to many other countries. This is also reflected in official government policy regarding women in athletics, specifically the landmark
legislation, which broadly requires any educational institution that receives federal government funds to support men's and women's educational programs equally, thus including athletics. America's approach to growing the game among women has served as a model for other countries' development programs for women at all levels.[]
In the United States,
is featured in many collegiate athletic associations including , , the , the , and the
for schools without collegiate programs, but have a collegiate club team. Many top American college soccer players play for separate teams in the
(PDL) during the summer.
The , the semifinals and finals of which are known as the College Cup, is an American intercollegiate college soccer tournament conducted by the NCAA, and determines the
men's national champion. The tournament has been formally held since 1959, when it crowned
as the inaugural champion. The tournament's current format involves 48 teams, in which every Division I conference tournament champion is allocated a berth. Since its inception, Saint Louis (10 titles),
(8 titles), and
(6 titles) have historically been the most successful Division I schools. Indiana has appeared in more College Cups (18) and has a higher winning percentage in post-season play (.768) than any other school in Division I soccer.
Since the early 1990s, several Americans have found opportunities playing
at the highest levels of foreign leagues. Among the first Americans to become regulars in foreign leagues were
in England,
in Germany,
in England.
The following is a list of Americans playing in top division of the "Big Four" leagues in Europe (England, Germany, Spain, Italy). For a comprehensive listing of Americans abroad, see the list of .
In England's
In Germany's
In Italy's
In Spain's
The following national teams of U.S. unincorporated territories compete in their corresponding regions. Their governing bodies are either member or associate in the corresponding regional federations. For all but American Samoa, players for these territories are, like most local residents, U.S. citizens. Natives of American Samoa are U.S. nationals, but not U.S. citizens.
- The Massachusetts Historical Society (1926) at HathiTrust Digital Library
on The Boston Globe, 21 Nov 2012
, 2 Aug 2014
, 16 Aug 1977
, 14 Aug 1977
U.S. Census Bureau, Participation in Selected Sports Activities: 2009,
Mazumdar, Partha (June 5, 2006). . Embassy of the United States in London 2009.
, Expansion, refs, Cascadia: MLS Commissioner Don Garber covers it all in annual address, February 27, 2013,
. Huffington Post. July 13, 2010.
Crawford, Scott (2013). . New Orleans: LAprepSoccer Publishing Co.  .
Roger Allaway (February 14, 2001).
Gardner, Paul. The Simplest Game, Macmillan, 1996
NCAA Soccer, Men's Attendance Records,
Inside Sports magazine, Soccer – Loved and Ignored, July 1984,
, The History of Women's High School Soccer, January 6, 2011,
Attendance Records, Largest Crowds in the United States,
MLS Soccer, Women's World Cup final sets new US television record, July 18, 2011,
Title IX and Athletics,
FIFA magazine, Big Count, 265 million playing football, July 2007,
ESPN FC, Relegation Zone, Soccer's big takeover, September 20, 2012,
Sports Business Journal, Fan base complexity sets up intense competition for attention, June 27, 2011,
ESPN FC, Soccer's big takeover, September 20, 2012,
ESPN FC, It's official: Lionel Messi is an icon in American sports, October 22, 2013,
, ESPN FC, August 2, 2014.
. . August 2, 2014.
(in Spanish). fesfut.org.sv. January 29, .
(in Spanish). . February 9, .
RSL soapbox, For Major League Soccer it is all about the numbers, TV, attendance, and season tickets, May 18, 2012,
Soccer America, Fox to air four EPL games, September 1, 2011,
SI.com, My soccer predictions for 2013, December 27, 2012,
, Yahoo, July 23, 2014.
"Soccer Myths in America," Washington Post Express, page 9, July 11, 2014.
, Tampa Bay Times, July 15, 2014.
, FIFA Women's World Cup, Germany 2011.
, TV By The Numbers, July 1, 2013.
, TV By The Numbers, July 30, 2013.
, TV By The Numbers, July 3, 2012.
, Sports Media Watch, May 14, 2014.
, ESPN FC, August 17, 2012.
. The Washington Post 2010.
Nielsen, 2013 Year in Sports Media Report
, Updated: 2013 CONCACAF Gold Cup schedule, July 2, 2013,
Bleacher Report, ESPN TV Ratings for Euro 2012: New Record Viewings in U.S. for Soccer Final, July 3, 2012,
Soccer America, Confederations Cup viewers up 26 percent on ESPN, June 26, 2013,
SI.com, Lots of questions about Fox's surprising World Cup coup, October 21, 2011,
Soccer Times, ABC\ESPN, Univision pay record $425 million for men's, women's Cups through 2014, November 2, 2005,
(July 17, 2006). .
Richard Sandomir, , The New York Times, July 11, 2006, p. D1
Baseball Almanac, World Series Television Ratings,
TV by the numbers, 112 Million U.S. Viewers Watched 2010 World Cup, Up 22% From 2006, July 13, 2010,
New York Times, Soccer’s Growth in the U.S. Seems Steady, July 23, 2010,
, Soccer By Ives, June 23, 2014. Viewers included 18.2 million on ESPN, 6.5 million on Univision, and more than 1 million on WatchESPN.
, Soccer By Ives, July 2, 2014.
World Series Television Ratings,
Sandomir, Richard (July 11, 2006). . The New York Times.
. Los Angeles Times. July 13, 2010.
26.5 m on ABC and Univision. Also 1.8 m on Univision digital and 900,000 on WATCHespn app
Revised US Men’s National Team TV Ratings Chart, June 24, 2010,
, MLS Soccer, July 2, 2014. TV viewership was 16.5m on ESPN, and 5.1m on Univision. Internet viewership was 1.5m on WatchESPN and 1.8m on Univision.
, Soccer By Ives, June 18, 2014.
, , June 17, 2014. (ESPN 11.1m, Univision 4.8m, Univision online 1.7m, and WatchESPN 1.4m)
, , June 17, 2014.
, June 30, 2014. Viewership was 10.4m Univision and 6.6m ESPN.
, Sports Media Watch, June 27, 2014. Viewership included 10.8m on ESPN and 3.4m on Univision.
, 2.5 Million online viewers 1.7 on WatchESPN and 750,000 on Univision Digital.
, July 10, 2014.
, July 10, 2014. Univision viewership 5.4m, online viewership 1.2m.
ESPN broadcast viewership 6.8m, WatchESPN online viewership 2.4m.
Sports Illustrated, U.S. vs. Mexico gets record TV rating for qualifier, September 11, 2013,
TVbytheNumbers, USA vs. Mexico World Cup Qualifier on UniMás Draws 7.5 Million Total Viewers, September 11, 2013,
TVbytheNumbers, U.S. - Mexico Gold Cup Final Crushes Audience & Ratings Record on FOX Soccer, June 29, 2011,
, July 2, 2013.
, July 1, 2013.
Awful Announcing, GOLD CUP FINAL BEATS MLB RATINGS THIS WEEKEND, July 30, 2013,
Sports Illustrated, U.S. vs. Mexico gets record TV rating for qualifier, September 11, 2013,
, TV by the numbers, February 12, 2009.
, July 3, 2012.
, July 3, 2012.
TV by the Numbers, ESPN Grows Audience for FIFA Women’s World C USA - Brazil: Third Most-Viewed FIFA Women’s World Cup Match Ever, July 12, 2011,
National Federation of State High School Associations, High School Sports Participation Achieves All-time High, August 23, 2012,
FIFA Magazine, Big Count, 265 million playing football, July 2007
New York Times, Soccer's Growth in the U.S. Seems Steady, July 23, 2010,
The Economist, The Cosmos come back, February 16, 2013
New York Times, Fox Again Will Shift to Soccer After N.F.L., November 19, 2011,
Schwartz, Peter J.; Badenhausen, Kurt (September 9, 2008). . Forbes.
Business of Soccer, NYCFC More About Major League Soccer Than New York, May 22, 2013,
Bleacher Report, NBA and NHL Get the Boot: MLS Is the 3rd Most Attended Sports League in America, August 8, 2012,
. . August 2012.
May, John (July 18, 2007). . .
ESPN FC, Don Garber right to say MLS can be among top leagues in 10 years, March 1, 2013,
. <. October 27, .
Associated Press (January 30, 2012). . < 2012.
Dure, Beau (May 18, 2012). .
(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. November 21, .
(Press release). United States Soccer Federation. December 15, .
Carlisle, Jeff (November 21, 2012). . Soccer USA.
. . . November 21, .
Goff, Steve (December 11, 2013). .
. FIFA. June 21, .
by Ivan Waddington and Martin Roderick, September 2, 1996, retrieved December 6, 2005.
: Hidden categories:}
我要回帖
更多关于 the united states 的文章
更多推荐
- ·京东小米商城和京东自营有什么区别自营店是官方旗舰店吗
- ·本田XR-V1.8L手动和启辰t70跟逍客一样吗 2.0L自动哪个车值得拥有？
- ·微信男的冒充女的上那些女怎么注册微信男的冒充女的骗钱的？
- ·血色浪漫郑桐和彭的关系扮演者叫什么
- ·砍头割喉的凯尔特人种族特征内容简介
- ·-2的n次方求和的图像
- ·博山水泵,dn80口径,扬程32米热水微型循环泵泵多少钱
- ·索莫团队储备干部是做什么的的？
- ·世界上最疼的是什么危险的动物是什么？
- ·手机显示good goodwill是什么意思
- ·蒹葭净容华蒹葭苍苍是什么意思思？出自哪里？
- ·血槌炉渣矿井入口今年形式怎样？好卖吗？
- ·护士证报名考生确认签字时可以找外国人代报案签吗?
- ·李师傅买来一捆铁丝捆扎方法，第一次剪去40%，第二次剪去第一次的25%，还剩56米，这捆铁长多少米？
- ·活性炭吸附塔需要催化剂吗?是什么催化剂?
- ·没有五加一能考什么2015春考学校专业
- ·2014五菱宏光基本型1.5基本型和1.2有什么区别
- ·汉寿县教育局初中二年级下期生物是什么版本
- ·the intheunitedstates states and the intheunitedstates states to play
- ·一个闭合电路中，磁场中如果磁通量发生变化的通电螺线管内部磁场是电源吗?
- ·skip-navigationhr是什么意思思
- ·极品特效骨胶原（加拿大产子）
- ·正大依次以三角形 四边形分两层由四个正依次以三角形 四边形组成,依次类推,分成三成由九个正三角组成,若要分成N层应由多少个小
- ·环球无线播放器电煤怎么播放
- ·钢制阶梯杆受力如图所示 一轻杆两端。
- ·发生校门口的一件事 初中作文网 初中550
- ·高一物理追及问题牛顿运动定律问题
- ·英语阅读 if you are interested是什么意思 in science fairs ,i w
- ·租房水龙头流了惊天十二小时 电影四块钱一方大盖要多少钱
- ·世界人口排名2014主要分布在
- ·杭州梵天寺寺木塔中耳是什么意思
- ·大学数学论文中的十大公理有哪些
- ·没有去给一年级的戴英国红领巾巾的检讨说明
