同义句转换:His company opened in 2003._百度知道
同义句转换:His company opened in 2003.
His company opened in 2003.翻译成他在2003年有公司.
His compony is formed in2003His compony is
founded in 2003He set up his compony in 2003
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His company was set up in 2003.
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出门在外也不愁the company is in the charge of the manager同义句 the manager is—— ——of the company_百度知道
the company is in the charge of the manager同义句 the manager is—— ——of the company
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The manger is in charge of the company. in the charge of 用in charge of 主用
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出门在外也不愁当前位置：
＞＞＞按要求转换下列句型。1. To work in a school is very interest..
按要求转换下列句型。
1. To work in a school is very interesting. (同义句)&&& ______ ______ very interesting to work in a school. 2. Don't worry too much about your exam. (同义句) &&& Don't ______ ______ too much about your exam. 3. We maybe make our friends and family unhappy. (对画线部分提问)&&&______ ______ you maybe make your friends and family? 4. The headmaster saw the children playing on the playground. (变成复合句)&&& The headmaster saw the children ______&&______ on the playground. 5. He will be back in two months. (对画线部分提问)&&& ______ ______ will hw be back? 6. The old man bought the bird two weeks ago. (同义句) &&& The old man ______ ______ the bird for two weeks. 7. He told the teachers at school about his problem. (对画线部分提问)&&&& ______ ______ he tell the teachers at school about? 8. I need to look up the word in the dictionary. (变一般问句)&&&&______ you ______ to look up the word in the dictionary? 9. They would like to help some homeless people. (变一般问句)&&&& ______ you ______ to help some homeless people? 10. This volunteer work takes each of them several hours a week. (对画线部分提问)&&&&& ______ ______ does this volunteer work take each of them a week?
题型：句型转换难度：中档来源：同步题
1. It is 2. be worried 3. How do 4. were playing 5. How soon
6. has had 7. what did 8. Do need&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 9. would like&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 10. How long
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“按要求转换下列句型。1. To work in a school is very interest..”主要考查你对&&it 的用法，疑问代词，形容词，疑问副词，实义动词，情态动词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
it 的用法疑问代词形容词疑问副词实义动词情态动词
“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配，是英语语法的重点、难点，又是近几年考试的热点，因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。It 句型归纳：1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible， important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting， interesting， surprising等。如：&It is necessary to change your job．&It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow．2．It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：&It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play．&It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．3．It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth． 此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有： kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：&How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！&It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house．4．It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth． 此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good, useless等。如：&It’s no use crying over spilt milk．5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth． 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea．6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句 此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week．7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句 此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：&It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．&It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday．8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：&It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning．&It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after the old man．9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：It is ／has been three years since we saw each other last．10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。如：&It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home now．It 常用的固定搭配：1. make it（1）在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例& It's hard to make it to the top in show business.（2）在口语中相当于fix the date for，表示“约定好时间”例& —Shall we meet next week？—OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. as it is（1）相当于in fact，in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”例& We had planed to finish the task today，but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.（2）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”例& Leave the table as it is.3. as it were相当于as one might say，that is to say，表示“也就是说，可以说，换句话说”例& He is，as it were，a modern Sherlock Holmes.4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气，相当于without，or but for，表示“如果不是……，要不是……”例& If it weren't for Tom，I wouldn't be alive today.5. that's it（1）相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了”例& You can have one more sweet，and that's it.（2）相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”例& — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”—That's it.6. catch it在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”例& We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.7. have it（1）相当于say，insist表示“说，主张，表明，硬说”例& Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.（2）相当于get to know something，表示“了解，知道，获悉”例& I had it from John that she was going abroad.8. have what it takes在口语中，相当于be well qualified for，表示“具有成功的条件”例& You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9. so it seems / appears.10. Keep at it！（Don't give up！）相当于go on，表示“继续做，不放弃”例& My teacher asked me to keep at it.11. Go it！（Go on！）拼命干，莽撞12. Now you have done it！（You have done sth. wrong.）13. Now you'll catch it！（You'll be punished.）14. As it happened，…在口语中，相当于it's a pity that…，表示“真不凑巧，真遗憾”例& As it happened，they were out.15. As it turned out，…在口语中，相当于it was found to be in the end，表示“最后被证明是”例& As it turned out，his statement was false.16. Such as it is（they are）在口语中，相当于although it may not be worth much，表示“虽然没有多大价值”例& You can borrow my exam notebook，such as it is.17. Take it/things easy.相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”例& Take it easy！ He will do it well.18. Take it from me.在口语中，相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话，我敢担保”例& You can take it from me that he will make it this time.19. For what it is worth…在口语中，相当于although I'm not sure it's of value，表示“不管其价值如何”例& Here is the article I promise you，for what it's worth.20. Worth it在口语中，相当于useful，表示“有好处，值得做”例& Don't hesitate about it！ It's worth it.21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”例& Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃例& That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.23. It all depends/that all depends在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”例& —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？—It/That all depends.24. It's up to sb.在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”例& —Shall we go out for dinner？—It's up to you.it用法小结：It用作实词 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的内容；指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事；指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。
一、it 作人称代词的用法1. 指事物作为人称代词，it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如：I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦，可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。2. 指人it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如：Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门，一定是邮递员。【说明】在答语中，常用来指本人，如说 It’s me。3. 代替某些代词代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如：“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题，是吗?
二、it 作非人称代词的用法1. 基本用法it 作非人称代词的用法，主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如：It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。2. 用于某些句型It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式，有时也用“should+动词原形”)It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)It’s + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……
三、it用作形式主语1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时，为保持句子平衡，通常把真正的主语放在句末，而在句首使用形式主语it。如：It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话，真是太蠢了。【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是：of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等，介词for表示对象，意为“对……来说” 。(2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体：It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时(3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。(5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助，这些困难我们不克服不了的。
四、it用作形式宾语1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如：I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如：I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻，国防部长不久就要辞职。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如：I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，好就太好了。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。(3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如：See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心，他会来接你的。I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。(4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如：I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多，常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
it在强调句中的使用It is＋被强调部分＋that(who)＋其他在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点： 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句& 2. 在强调原因状语从句时，只能强调由because所引导的从句。 3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。5. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数，其前一律用It is / It was，而不能用They are / There were之类的。6. 被强调部分是指人时，被强调部分后可用that / who，被强调部分指物时，被强调部分后只能用that。7. 被强调部分是指时间或地点时，被强调部分后通常用that，一般不用when，where之类的。例：It is I who am right. 是我对。It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么时候离开去日本的?Who is it that teaches you English? 是谁教你们英语?疑问代词：疑问代词在句中起名词的作用，用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有：　　&what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 　　 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有词性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。&what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：指　人： who, whom, whose指　物： what既可指人又可指物： which疑问代词说明：一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
二、Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I can't make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。疑问代词用法：1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的：Who is calling? 谁打电话来？Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话？作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，在口语中用who作宾语时也不少：Who did you mean? 你指的是谁？Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁？直接跟在介词后时只能用whom：With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的？(口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作：1)主语：What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写？Whose is better? 谁的好一些？Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的？2)宾语：What do you mean? 你是什么意思？Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些？Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的？3)表语：What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？Whose is it? 这是谁的？4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词)：What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开？Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房？Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照？形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。&I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。
以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　&&&&&&&&&& （错） He spoke to me very friendly.　　 （对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.
too+adj.+to句型&& “太…而不能”& He is too young to go to school.&=He isn’t old enough to go to school.&=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语?&& 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：?&& a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事?&& six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。&& 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?&& &&& I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?&& &&& Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？?&& 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?&& &&& It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?&& &&& Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?&& &&& This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。?&& 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?&& &&& All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?&& &&& 所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?&& &&& We are building a new school, modern and super.?&& &&& 我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?&& &&& All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。?&& 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?&&& Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?&&& Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：?&& the writer present 出席的作者?&& the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.&He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=&They said that they had food enough.&enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。&He is old enough to join the army.&He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后&what/who/where/when/when else&something/anything/nothing…else&What else did you do?&Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good& care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly& lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词& man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词& a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词& second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed&& three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词& 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词& hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词& well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词& a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词& ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式&表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…&I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…&I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy&& 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影疑问副词：用来引导特殊疑问句，表示时间，地点，方式，原因等。常见的有：when,where,how,why等。疑问副词的用法：1.疑问副词是问何时、何地、如何、因何的副词，主要有when, where, how, why。2.疑问副词用在句首。How long have you been staying in America?你在美国待多久了?
3.疑问副词在句中引导名词子句。I want to know where she has gone.我想知道她去哪里了。
4.疑问副词后接不定词构成的名词片语，在句中可以作主词、受词或主词补语。How to solve the problem gives him a bad headache.如何解决这个问题使他伤透脑筋。（How to solve the problem作主词。）I don't know how to answer the question.我不知道如何回答这个问题。（how to answer the question作受词。）The patient is in urgent need the medicine, but the problem is where to get it.这个病人急需这种药,但问题是哪里能找到。（where to get it作主词补语。）
5.疑问副词引导的名词子句可作主词、受词或主词补语。When we are to start the competition hasn't fixed yet.我们什么时候开始比赛还没有定下来。（When we are to start the competition作主词。）She asked her husband where he had been.她问她丈夫去哪里了。（where he had been 作受词。）The question is when we can finish our work.问题是我们何时能完成我们的工作。（when we can finish our work作主词补语。）疑问代词与疑问副词的区别：1. 疑问代词做对陈述句的主语，宾语或定语提问，即做句子的主语，宾语或定语，如what, who/ whom, whose. eg. Who is talking ? What can you see? Whose shirt is this?2.疑问副词对时间，地点，方式等状语提问，如when, where, how 等.eg. When is your birthday? Where are you going? How do you know?常见的疑问代词：what& who& which& whom(只做宾语）疑问副词：how& where& when还有whether是疑问连接词。实意动词：即行为动词，表示动作的动词。实义动词与系动词是相对的，能独立用作谓语。它分为及物动词和不及物动词两种：及物动词是指后面要求有直接宾语的动词；不及物动词指后面不需要跟宾语的动词。实意动词使用方法：及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如：I believe that the committee will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?”Dr. Bethune set us a good example. 白求恩大夫给我们树立了好榜样。Crude oil contains many useful substances.原油含有许多有用的物质。不及物动词本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如：Birds fly.鸟会飞。It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。My watch stopped.我的表停了。She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。兼作及物动词和不及物动词英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较：Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin作不及物动词)She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began作及物动词)When did they leave Chicago?他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词)They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。(left 作不及物动词)b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如：Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗?英汉实意动词用法比较：与汉语的比较，有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如arrive到达，agree同意，listen听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如：We arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.)Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to不可省去)b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve为…服务。Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务用于be动词之后，实义动词之前。&实意动词的用法：肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其它否定句：主语+助动词didn‘t+动词原型+其他一般过去式：Did+主语+动词原型+其他情态动词：是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或与语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。无人称和数的变化,情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 “not”。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气, 时态性不强,可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。情态动词有四类： 　　&①只做情态动词：must, can(could),may(might)…… 　　&②可做情态动词又可做实义动词：need, dare 　　 ③具有情态动词特征：have(had, has) to, used to 　　&④情态动词表猜测 注：mustn't代表强烈禁止 must表示主观，have to表示客观。常用的有：can& may& could& must&& have& use& .情态动词特点:情态动词无人称和数的变化，情态动词后面跟的动词须用原形，否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，过去式用来表达更加客气，委婉的语气，时态性不强，可用于过去，现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词，故没有被动语态。He could be here soon.他很快就来。We can't carry the heavy box.我们搬不动那箱子。I'm sorry I can't help you.对不起，我帮不上你。基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是：基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：We used to grow beautiful roses.我们过去常常种这种漂亮的玫瑰花I asked if he would come and repair my television set.我问他是否来修我的电视机2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一：They need not have been punished so severely.3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：She dare not say what she thinks.4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式和分词形式，也没有相应的动名词：Still,she needn't have run away.5）情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?She told him he ought not to have done it.6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：You should have washed the wound.Well,you shouldn't be reading a novel.7）情态动词must一般疑问句否定回答用needn'tMust I read books every day、No,you needn't常见情态动词用法：1.can (could) 表示说话人能，可以，同意，准许，以及客观条件许可，could 为 can 的过去式。 2.Must 必须，应该，一定，准是，表示说话人认为有必要做某事，命令，要求别人做某事以及对事物的推测。 must 用来指一般现在时和一般将来时, 过去式可用 have to 的过去式代替。 must + have + 过去分词，表示现在对过去事物的推测。 must 和 have to 的区别：must 表示说话人的主观思想，have to 表示客观需要。 3.need 是一个情态动词，他的用法完全和其他情态动词一样，但 need 还可当作实义动词使用，这时 need 就象其他动词一样，有第三人称，单复数， 后面加带 to 的动词等特性。 needn't + have + 过去分词 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 4.dare 除用作情态动词外,更多的是当实义动词使用, 用法同实义动词一样,要考虑人称,单复数,时态等。 5.ought 应当，应该。后面跟带有 to 的动词不定式。 ought + to have done 句型。指过去动作,表示一件事情该做而未做。 ought not to have done 句型。表示一件不该做的事情却做了。 6.will (would)决心,愿望。 would 为 will 的过去式, will, would用于疑问句表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问,用 would 比 will 更婉转,客气。 7.Shall、should 表示命令，警告，允诺，征求，劝告，建议，惊奇。 8.have to，不得不，必须，表示客观条件只能如此，而must 则表示主观思想。情态动词功能：助动词主要有两类：基本助动词和情态助动词。基本助动词有三个：do，have和be；情态助动词基本的有十四个：may, can, will, shall, must, need, dare, used to, ought to.had better 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能： 1） 构成否定式： He didn't go and neither did she. The meeting might not start until 5 o'clock. 2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式： Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, haven't you? 3） 构成修辞倒装： Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining. 4） 代替限定动词词组： A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B: Tom can. A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do. 情态动词表推测的用法小结 　　 （一）情态动词表推测的三种句式 　　&1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might /can, could（也许，或许）。 　　 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 　　&&&&&&&&&&&他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 　　 （2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 　　 &&&&&&&&& 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 　　&2. 否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not (可能不)。 　　 （1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.& 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。 　　 （2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 　　 3. 疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。 　　&&（1）Could he have finished the task?&他可能把任务完成了吗？ 　　&&（2）Can he be at home now?& 他现在能在家吗？ 　　 注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。 　　 （二）情态动词表推测的三种时态 　　 1. 对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 　　&（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5.& 5: 00 前她一定/可能/也许到。 　　&（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 　　 &&&&&&&&&& 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 　　 2. 对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或 “情态动词 + 动词原形”。 　　&（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 　　 （2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 　　 （3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 　　 &&&&&&&&& 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 　　&3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 　　 （1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.& 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 　　 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。 　　 （3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ 难道他找到书了吗？ 　　&注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have +过去 分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。&例如： 　　 （4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 　　 &&&& 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测） 　　 （5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look& after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 　　 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 　　 （6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.&& （虚拟） 　　 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
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