I have been asked many times to provide some more gritty details on how I became Mr. Money Mustache at such an early age. Commenters and email writers have asked me to provide Salaries and Savings amounts through the years, as well as describe any windfalls or unusual maneuvers that made it all possible.
I have hesitated to share the details until this point, mostly because I didn’t keep a written record through the years and it seemed pretty complicated and imprecise in my mind. Also, it’s embarrassing to walk around in your monetary underwear in front of thousands of people. But fuck it, many financial bloggers have graphs of their net worth right on the front page, so the least Mr. M. can do is provide a vague summary of some ancient history.
And for my own benefit, it is worth sorting things out just for the record, so doubters can be convinced, voyeurs can be entertained, and aspiring Mustachians can compare their own progress. So here it is, my best effort at retelling the story. From the fresh-faced new graduate in the earliest days of the Internet,
right up to the leathery and bossy carpenter with grey hairs in his beard that types for you today.
Year 0 (1997): The Full-time working career begins. Mr. Money Mustache has just finished a grueling computer engineering degree and is now ready to party. He gets right to work in early May, skipping even the University graduation ceremony because he does’t want to miss any work (he had already moved to a new city 300 miles away from the university).
Starting Salary: $41,000.
Student Loans: Zero – due to low spending, about $10k of help from parents and scholarships, and good high school and summer jobs.
But also absolutely ZERO net worth. No bank balances, never owned a car, just a bike, a backpack, and a diploma.
Year 1: In this first year I foolishly started out by buying a
3-years-new 1994 Ford Probe GT sports car for $16,000 with tax.
And I borrowed money from my older sister to do it (what a clueless young man!!!). It took most of the first year to pay off that loan. I also flaunted my new salary around town with frequent bar-and-restaurant-hopping, purchases of computer equipment and furniture, accessories for my car, and a trip to a resort in Mexico. Fortunately, I did enroll in my employer’s retirement savings plan.
I also worked like a crazy company slave, enjoying weekends and late evenings in the office. Because of this, and a rising tech market in general, I got a raise to $57,600 at some point in the first year,
resulting in a Year 1 ‘Stash: $5000 (in a retirement account).
Year 2: Through both of these first two years, I lived with roommates by sharing a series of nice houses, which we called Nuthouse 1, 2, and 3. The rent averaged about $350 per month, plus some negligible share of utilities. With the unnecessarily expensive car paid off and the higher salary, I was able to save more: $5000 into the retirement account, $3000 into an employee stock purchase plan, and $10000 in cash. Year 2 ‘Stash: $23,000 ($13k cash/shares, $10k retirement).
Year 3: This was late 1999, and both the job and stock markets were on fire. I got a new job and moved to the United States for a salary of $77,000. I drove the ol’ Probe GT down to Boulder, Colorado, and used the local newspaper to find another nice roommate situation, so my rent was only $400/month. I decided to buy a house – but was disappointed to learn that I would need $47,000 in cash for a downpayment on a starter home, which would cost a minimum of $235,000. I cashed out the stock purchase plan shares from year 2, which were now worth $10k, and saved up a few of my new higher paychecks. After a few months in the new job, I had the $47k downpayment. By that May, I closed out the year by moving into my first house. Year 3 ‘Stash: 67k ($47k home equity, $10k retirement, $10k cash).
Year 4: At this point, my future wife finally graduated from her longer and more meandering education up in Canada and decided to join me in Boulder. She drove down in her 1993 Civic hatchback, and hunted for a job. She found one for $44,000. And I was recruited to another nearby high tech company for the ridiculous salary of $83,000. Now things were getting crazy in the income department, although we weren’t thinking about early retirement yet. During vacations, we toured much of the US including Hawaii, and took a trip to Australia and New Zealand at some point too. I saved 20% of my salary into the 401K and got a $5k match from the company, as did the girlfriend. We both started Vanguard accounts to capture any extra cash. We also made some extra mortgage payments occasionally. Year 4 ‘Stash: $150k
Year 5: We were still hard-working Career Beaks at this point, so we both scored raises. I earned $100k including company bonuses, and she earned $60k. I was also working heavily on the house renovations this year. We hosted many great parties at that house, and life was grand. This year, I foolishly took a $10,000 step backwards by buying a brand-new motorcycle with some of my easy-earned cash. But the investment gains on stocks started accumulating, adding about $10k to our earnings this year. So we still ended up increasing the savings by close to $100k after tax. Year 5 ‘Stash: $250k.
Year 6: Salary went up slightly because of an unexpected company bonus, and girlfriend earned a raise to $65k as well. AND, we didn’t buy anything silly this year. In fact, I finally wised up and sold my car, and we became a one-car couple. I didn’t miss the second car for a moment. Investment gains on the existing savings contributed another $20k. It is complicated to remember what portion of income was taxable salary, and what was non-taxable gains inside of retirement accounts and such. But a reasonable estimate of the total is Year 6 ‘Stash: $365k.
Year 7: No increases in salary, but similar amazing earnings and moderate spending, combined with $30k of investment gains. Year 7 ‘Stash: $490k.
Year 8: A raise to $70k for the now-wife(!). Meanwhile, I actually switched to 4-day-per-week work this year in exchange for a 20% pay cut – my first test of the waters of early retirement. But it was still a bumper year for me due to cashing out stock options, stock purchase plan, and annual bonus. My earnings must have been something crazy like $125k this year. Investment gains $40k. Year 8 ‘Stash: $600k.
Year 9: I quit my job!!! And I start a small house-building company as a semi-retirement job. It earns me about $50k in the first year, and wife still works for part of this year until the baby comes, earning $60k. In addition, we move to a new town and buy a cheaper house, renting out the first house for a very high positive cashflow due to a low mortgage and its increased value.
At this point in the accounting, we will add in the appreciation of this house – which is about $100,000 after subtracting for the cost of the materials I used to renovate it. About $50,000 of this was due to market appreciation, and 50k due to renovation appreciation. Investment gains continued at about $35k. Year 9 ‘Stash: $720k.
Sometime during Year 9, we declared ourselves as “Retired!”, as we quit full-time work to care for the baby. The rent from the previous house was more than covering the mortgages on both houses. However, part-time work also trickled in after the first few months of baby raising. Eventually we moved one more time to our current house and had two rentals. Eventually both rentals were sold and the gains were put elsewhere. And I became even wiser and sold my motorcycle, to free up both cash and garage space for my greater love: my workshop. Year 10 ‘Stash: 800k or so
Mixed in with those later years, but left out for clarity, was this house-building business of mine. It was a firecracker of success in the first year, then a firehose of disaster in the second year. I’ll save the details for another time, but the end result is happy.. I’m just stuck with one newly-built house that is tying up a certain percentage of our retirement savings, while yielding a nice $2400 in monthly rent. Nowadays I do not build full houses and try to sell them – I closed the old company and the Mrs. and I started a cozy new two-person company that does whatever we want it to do. Custom renovations and finish work only for local, nice people on my side, and Real-estate sales for local, nice people on her side. This low-stress career agrees very well with us, and keeps me from sitting on the couch typing to YOU all day.
Some people will say, “But Wait! You just said you still work sometimes! That’s not retirement!”. To these people, I can only say, “You’ll see”. Because when you quit your corporate job, you end up with even more energy, which means you want to do more stuff! If some of this stuff happens to earn you money, so be it.
I define us as Retired, because that is a novel word to throw around for those under 50 that sounds much more interesting than “Financially Independent”. Also, the cashflow from investments is much higher than our spending.. so work is only done for fun and on our own terms. For example, this year I stopped taking on carpentry work altogether for most of the year and just started typing this blog and doing other unpaid work like school volunteering. Other years, I may accidentally earn hundreds of thousands of additional dollars by starting another company. Who knows!? Even then, Mr. Money Mustache will still be retired, so there.
Since year 10, several more years have passed, and because
and we still do some work on the side when the boy is in school, the investment gains and income have just been building on themselves. We also paid off the mortgage on the primary house.
So.. even if we refuse to let ourselves do any more
from this point onwards, at some time in our lives we will either have to drastically increase our spending, or more likely, do some generous and worthwhile things with the surplus money to put it to good use.
Isn’t that weird? That I would rather give money away completely, than spend it to hire a bunch of guys with noisy gas mowers and leaf blowers to cut my lawn for me every week so I could sit inside and watch them? Yes, folks, I point this out to show how frugality can grow on you, to the point that you’d rather live an efficient and self-sufficient life even if money were not an object.
I’m sure the questions will come about where these investment gains came from (I don’t remember exactly, but I do remember doing a bit of accelerated buying of the S&P500 during the big tech recession in the early 2000s, as well as a few buy/sells of Cisco stock when it went down to $7 and subsequently recovered to $30). Most of it was just plain old dollar-cost-averaging and dividends. And the amount saved from capital gains is still small compared to the amount saved from old-fashioned not-buying-things. The fundamentals of this plan mostly involved the two of us living on a shared $30-40k of spending money per year, including housing costs, and saving the rest. The biggest single factor producing this low living cost was probably deciding to live close to work and .
Other people will scoff at the high salaries involved, compared to the US median level. I won’t deny that – we had it easy, which is why we retired in our early thirties. But many people I currently know earn much more than us, and software engineering salaries are much higher than they were when I quit. I may have lucked out on the tech boom, but people working in high-tech today are lucking out even more. Yet many of these people don’t even own their cars, let alone their financial future. So I still think it is worthwhile sharing these details. More normal salaries, of course, would require some adjustment to this plan. You might decide to settle down in a house that costs less than the $400,000 that is tied up unproductively in my current house, for example. Or you might decide to work as late as 40 or even 45! But in almost any middle-income situation, retirement is something that can be earned drastically earlier than age 60-65, if you start early enough.
* Photo: the spiral stairs leading to a third-floor loft on one of those houses I built. Photo credit goes to friend
who whipped up a very fine series of pics during a visit in 2010.
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The publishing industry has a problem, and EPUB is not the solution
This article contains my personal views, not those of my employer Lonely Planet.
I’ll be blunt. Ebooks and EPUB are to the publishing industry what Blu-Ray is to the movie industry: . Both have a couple of years left in them, and there’s good money to be made while the kinks get worked out from the alternatives, but the way the wind is blowing is clear.
Whenever someone proposes EPUB as a solution, ask yourself a question: what’s the problem they’re trying to solve? As a standard drafted by the , a self-proclaimed “organization for the Digital Publishing Industry”, EPUB is built squarely to address the industry’s biggest headache: ensuring that, in the digital age, they retain the ability to charge money for distributing content. .
EPUB is thus built around the premise that ebooks should be just like physical books and Blu-Ray discs. You’re expected to buy a copy in a store, bring it home with you, read or watch it, and then keep it in your personal library. As far as publishers are concerned, the only difference (or, rather, threat) is that readers can copy ebooks too easily. Since this poses a risk to the venerable business model of selling individual copies, ebooks must be deliberately made defective through digital restrictions management — regardless of the inconvenience posed to readers, who now find themselves trapped in a completely absurd, purely artificial maze of incompatible formats and geographical restrictions.
But all it takes to yank the carpet from underneath the house of cards is a change to one assumption: what if the book is free? You don’t need a shop to buy it from anymore, because you do not need to pay. You can make all the copies you want, since there is no revenue to be lost. In fact, you no longer even need to take home and hoard your own precious copy, because you can grab one whenever you want, chuck it out when you’re done and get another one later if fancy strikes.
From a publishing industry viewpoint, that’s pure crazy talk, because it demolishes their current business model. But from a web point of view, it’s the way things are expected to work, and it’s in fact precisely how you’re reading this article. As an author on the Web, I have access to a huge range of tools to get my content out there, actively worked on in a massive developer community, and . And as a reader, the Web gives me unfettered access to a vast amount of things to read, and I can read them on the latest, shiniest browser out there.
Compare this with EPUB, which cannot be created without specialised tools and knowledge and cannot be read out of the box on any major browser. Existing implementations for writing and displaying EPUB are immature and widely loathed by developers, who will not touch it unless they happen to work for a publisher that forces them to. As a casual datapoint, a search through my (publishing-biased) LinkedIn network finds 4,900 people who claim enough knowledge of EPUB to put it on their profiles, compared to 110,000 for HTML5 and an incredible 1,400,000 for plain HTML. While EPUB 3’s decision to inhale the ever-evolving HTML5 standard wholesale is probably the lesser evil compared to futilely attempting to lock it down, the sheer disparity in these numbers also means that it is doomed to playing an endless game of catch-up, while the open Web races ahead. IDPF’s wish for EPUB to someday become “” may be sincere, but for the time being, is anybody actually using it for anything beyond ebooks?
EPUB’s second advantage from a publisher’s point of view is that, by imposing a straitjacket of strict XHTML on the book’s contents and pruning away some of the wilder excesses of raw HTML, it has made it somewhat easier to reproduce ebooks reliably on single-purpose ebook reading devices that lack the oomph to run a full-fledged browser. However, Moore’s law means that ever-cheaper, ever-faster multipurpose tablets with browsers that can handle anything thrown at them are becoming more popular by the day. On the other side of the equation, the aforementioned decision to adopt the full bloat of HTML5 means that full EPUB compliance will actually be harder than merely supporting the Internet at wide. (From personal experience, I can tell you that mapping a pinpoint onto a map or flowing text into two columns, both trivial exercises in modern browsers, are virtually impossible to implement portably in EPUB 3.) Even EPUB 2 is a standard only on paper: Lonely Planet is currently forced to produce three different flavours of EPUB 2, each targeted at different vendors, plus KF8 for the uncooperative thousand-pound gorilla of the market, Amazon’s EPUB-hating Kindle.
The final advantage often ascribed to EPUB is that it serves as a handy package for everything beyond the text: it offers a clear structure for including images and other media, and it defines a clear way for specifying metadata like a table of contents and publication dates. Technologically, none of these is a unique advantage: both
images can be embedded directly in HTML, the
has been around since the dawn of HTML, and the
needed to reliably build a table of contents have been a part of the HTML5 standard for a while now and are supported to varying but ever-increasing degrees by modern browsers.
The inescapable conclusion is that, within a few years, EPUB will offer no benefits over existing solutions. Do you wish to reproduce a paper document with perfect fidelity?
PDF cracked that nut years ago. Do you want to distribute a standalone written document, like a report or a novel, in a format that readily adapts itself to any device?
HTML is the way to go. And if you’re publishing a complex, interactive, data-driven and thus ever-changing website, EPUB doesn’t even try to fit the bill.
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