Nexus入门指南（图文） - Maven中文 - ITeye技术网站
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是Maven仓库管理器，如果你使用Maven，你可以从
下载所需要的构件（artifact），但这通常不是一个好的做法，你应该在本地架设一个Maven仓库服务器，在代理远程仓库的同时维护本地仓库，以节省带宽和时间，Nexus就可以满足这样的需要。此外，他还提供了强大的仓库管理功能，构件搜索功能，它基于REST，友好的UI是一个extjs的REST客户端，它占用较少的内存，基于简单文件系统而非数据库。这些优点使其日趋成为最流行的Maven仓库管理器。
下载和安装
下载最新版本的Nexus，笔者使用的是1.3.0版本。
Nexus提供了两种安装方式，一种是内嵌Jetty的bundle，只要你有JRE就能直接运行。第二种方式是WAR，你只须简单的将其发布到web容器中即可使用。
Bundle方式安装
解压nexus-webapp-1.3.0-bundle.zip
至任意目录，如D:\dev_tools
，然后打开CMD，cd至目录D:\dev_tools\nexus-webapp-1.3.0\bin\jsw\windows-x86-32
，运行Nexus.bat
。你会看到Nexus的启动日志，当你看到“Started SelectChannelConnector@0.0.0.0:8081”之后，说明Nexus启动成功了，然后打开浏览器，访问http://127.0.0.1:8081/nexus，你会看到如下的页面：
要停止Nexus，Ctrl+C即可，此外InstallNexus.bat可以用来将Nexus安装成一个windows服务，其余的脚本则对应了启动，停止，暂停，恢复，卸载Nexus服务。
WAR方式安装
你需要有一个能运行的web容器，这里以Tomcat为例，加入Tomcat的安装目录位于D:\dev_tools\apache-tomcat-6.0.18
，首先我们将下载的nexus-webapp-1.3.0.war
重命名为nexus.war
，然后复制到D:\dev_tools\apache-tomcat-6.0.18\webapps\nexus.war
，然后启动CMD，cd到D:\dev_tools\apache-tomcat-6.0.18\bin\
目录，运行startup.bat
。一切OK，现在可以打开浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8080/nexus，你会得到和上图一样的界面。
代理外部Maven仓库
要管理Nexus，你首先需要以管理员身份登陆，点击界面右上角的login，输入默认的登录名和密码：admin/admin123，登陆成功后，你会看到左边的导航栏增加了很多内容：
这里，可以管理仓库，配置Nexus系统，管理任务，管理用户，角色，权限，查看系统的RSS源，管理及查看系统日志，等等。你会看到Nexus的功能十分丰富和强大，本文，笔者只介绍一些最基本的管理和操作。
代理Maven中央仓库
点击左边导航栏的Repositories，界面的主面板会显示所有一个所有仓库及仓库组的列表，你会看到它们的Type字段的值有group，hosted，proxy，virtual。这里我们不关心virtual，只介绍下另外三种类型：
hosted，本地仓库，通常我们会部署自己的构件到这一类型的仓库。
proxy，代理仓库，它们被用来代理远程的公共仓库，如maven中央仓库。
group，仓库组，用来合并多个hosted/proxy仓库，通常我们配置maven依赖仓库组。
由此我们知道，我们需要配置一个Maven中央仓库的proxy，其实Nexus已经内置了Maven Central，但我们需要做一些配置。点击仓库列表中的Maven Central，你会注意到它的Policy是release，这说明它不会代理远程仓库的snapshot构件，这是有原因的，远程仓库的snapshot版本构件不稳定且不受你控制，使用这样的构件含有潜在的风险。然后我们发现主面板下方有三个Tab，分别为Browse，Configuration和Mirrors，我们点击Configuration进行配置，你现在需要关心的是两个配置项：“Remote Storage Location”为远程仓库的地址，对于Maven Central来说是http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/；“Download Remote Indexes”顾名思义是指是否下载远程索引文件，Maven Central的该字段默认为False，这是为了防止大量Nexus无意识的去消耗中央仓库的带宽（中央仓库有大量的构件，其索引文件也很大）。这里我们需要将其设置为True，然后点击Save。在Nexus下载的中央仓库索引文件之后，我们就可以在本地搜索中央仓库的所有构件。下图展示了我们刚才所涉及的配置：
添加一个代理仓库
这里我们再举一个例子，我们想要代理Sonatype的公共仓库，其地址为：http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/。步骤如下，在Repositories面板的上方，点击Add，然后选择Proxy Repository，在下方的配置部分，我们填写如下的信息：Repository ID - sonatype；Repository Name - Sonatype Repository；Remote Storage Location - http://repository.sonatype.org/content/groups/public/。其余的保持默认值，需要注意的是Repository Policy，我们不想代理snapshot构件，原因前面已经描述。然后点击Save。配置页面如下：
管理本地Maven仓库
Nexus预定义了3个本地仓库，分别为Releases，Snapshots，和3rd Party。这三个仓库都有各自明确的目的。Releases用于部署我们自己的release构件，Snapshots用于部署我们自己的snapshot构件，而3rd Party用于部署第三方构件，有些构件如Oracle的JDBC驱动，我们不能从公共仓库下载到，我们就需要将其部署到自己的仓库中。
当然你也可以创建自己的本地仓库，步骤和创建代理仓库类似，点击Repository面板上方的Add按钮，然后选择Hosted Repository，然后在下方的配置面板中输入id和name，注意这里我们不再需要填写远程仓库地址，Repository Type则为不可修改的hosted，而关于Repository Policy，你可以根据自己的需要选择Release或者Snapshot，如图：
管理Maven仓库组
Nexus中仓库组的概念是Maven没有的，在Maven看来，不管你是hosted也好，proxy也好，或者group也好，对我都是一样的，我只管根据groupId，artifactId，version等信息向你要构件。为了方便Maven的配置，Nexus能够将多个仓库，hosted或者proxy合并成一个group，这样，Maven只需要依赖于一个group，便能使用所有该group包含的仓库的内容。
Nexus预定义了“Public Repositories”和“Public Snapshot Repositories”两个仓库组，前者默认合并所有预定义的Release仓库，后者默认合并所有预定义的Snapshot仓库。我们在本文前面的部分创建了一个名为“Sonatype Repository”的仓库，现在将其合并到“Public Repositories”中。
点击仓库列表中的“Public Repositories”，然后选择下方的"Configuration" Tab，在配置面板中，将右边“Avaiable Repositories”中的“Sonatype Repository”拖拽到左边的“Ordered Group Repository”中，如图：
创建仓库组和创建proxy及hosted仓库类似，这里不再赘述。需要注意的是format字段需要填写“maven2”，添加你感兴趣的仓库即可。
在浩大的Maven仓库中一下下点击链接，浏览路径以寻找感兴趣的构件是一件很郁闷的事情。Nexus基于nexus-indexer提供构件搜索功能，要想对仓库进行搜索，无论是hosted，proxy，或者group，你都必须确认索引文件存在。这一点对于代理仓库尤其重要，有些远程仓库可能根本就没有索引，所以你无法搜索这些代理仓库。有些远程仓库的远程索引非常大，如中央仓库达到了70M左右，那么第一次下载索引需要花很多时间，所以要期望得到搜索结果，确保看到如下的文件：
一旦你的Nexus拥有了本地或者远程仓库的索引文件，你就可以享受Nexus的构件搜索功能了。不论登陆与否，你都可以使用关键字进行模糊搜索，比如我在左边导航栏上部的搜索框内输入junit，然后点击搜索按钮，右边立刻会分页显示500多条的junit相关构件信息。如果你了解更多的信息，你也可以通过限定groupId，artifactId，version进行搜索，点击导航栏中的“Advanced Search”，点击右边所有页面左上角的下拉框，选择“GAV Search”。笔者这里输入junit:junit:4.4，然后回车：
选择一项搜索结果，在页面下方会显示“Artifact Information”的面板，你可以点击"artifact"或者"pom"下载对应文件，而该面板右边更显示了一个Maven依赖配置，你可以直接复制该配置到Maven POM中，这是个十分方便的特性。
此外，值得一提的是，Nexus还支持基于classname的搜索，你只需点击搜索页面右上角的下拉框，选择“Classname Search”，然后输入类名即可，这里我不再赘述。
配置Maven使用Nexus
默认情况下，Maven依赖于中央仓库，这是为了能让Maven开箱即用，但仅仅这么做明显是错误的，这会造成大量的时间及带宽的浪费。既然文章的前面已经介绍了如何安装和配置Nexus，现在我们就要配置Maven来使用本地的Nexus，以节省时间和带宽资源。
我们可以将Repository配置到POM中，但一般来说这不是很好的做法，原因很简单，你需要为所有的Maven项目重复该配置。因此，这里我将Repository的配置放到$user_home/.m2/settings.xml中：
&settings&
&profiles&
&id&dev&/id&
&repositories&
&repository&
&id&local-nexus&/id&
&url&http://127.0.0.1:8080/nexus/content/groups/public/&/url&
&releases&
&enabled&true&/enabled&
&/releases&
&snapshots&
&enabled&true&/enabled&
&/snapshots&
&/repository&
&/repositories&
&/profile&
&/profiles&
&activeProfiles&
&activeProfile&dev&/activeProfile&
&/activeProfiles&
&/settings&
由于我们不能直接在settings.xml中插入&repositories&元素，这里我们编写了一个profile，并添加了一个profile并使用&activeProfile&元素自动将这个profile激活。这里的local-nexus仓库指向了刚才我们配置的Nexus中“Public Repositories”仓库组，也就是说，所有该仓库组包含的仓库都能供我们使用。此外，我们通过&releases&和&snapshots&元素激活了Maven对于仓库所有类型构件下载的支持，当然你也可以调节该配置，比如说禁止Maven从Nexus下载snapshot构件。
使用该配置，Maven就会从你的Nexus服务器下载构件了，速度和从Central下载可不是一个数量级的。
部署构件至Nexus
Nexus提供了两种方式来部署构件，你可以从UI直接上传，也可以配置Maven部署构件。
通过Nexus UI部署
有时候有个jar文件你无法从公共Maven仓库找到，但是你能从其它得到这个jar文件（甚至是POM），那么你完全可以将这个文件部署到Nexus中，使其成为标准流程的一部分。步骤如下：
点击左边导航栏的"Repository"，在右边的仓库列表中选择一个仓库，如“3rd Party”，然后会看到页面下方有四个tab，选择最后一个“Upload”，你会看到构件上传界面。选择你要上传的构件，并指定POM，（或者手工编写GAV等信息），最后点击Upload，该构件就直接被部署到了Nexus的"3rd Party"仓库中。如图：
通过Maven部署
更常见的用例是：团队在开发一个项目的各个模块，为了让自己开发的模块能够快速让其他人使用，你会想要将snapshot版本的构件部署到Maven仓库中，其他人只需要在POM添加一个对于你开发模块的依赖，就能随时拿到最新的snapshot。
以下的pom.xml配置和settings.xml能让你通过Maven自动化部署构件：
&distributionManagement&
&repository&
&id&nexus-releases&/id&
&name&Nexus Release Repository&/name&
&url&http://127.0.0.1:8080/nexus/content/repositories/releases/&/url&
&/repository&
&snapshotRepository&
&id&nexus-snapshots&/id&
&name&Nexus Snapshot Repository&/name&
&url&http://127.0.0.1:8080/nexus/content/repositories/snapshots/&/url&
&/snapshotRepository&
&/distributionManagement&
&/project&
settings.xml
&settings&
&id&nexus-releases&/id&
&username&admin&/username&
&password&admin123&/password&
&id&nexus-snapshots&/id&
&username&admin&/username&
&password&admin123&/password&
&/servers&
&/settings&
这里我们配置所有的snapshot版本构件部署到Nexus的Snapshots仓库中， 所有的release构件部署到Nexus的Releases仓库中。由于部署需要登陆，因为我们在settings.xml中配置对应Repository id的用户名和密码。
然后，在项目目录中执行mvn deploy
，你会看到maven将项目构件部署到Nexus中，浏览Nexus对应的仓库，就可以看到刚才部署的构件。当其他人构建其项目时，Maven就会从Nexus寻找依赖并下载。
本文介绍强大的仓库管理器——Nexus，包括如何下载安装Nexus，配置Nexus代理中央仓库，管理Nexus的代理仓库，本地仓库，以及仓库组。并帮助你了解如何通过Nexus搜索构件。最后，如何在Maven中配置Nexus仓库，以及如何部署构件到Nexus仓库中。这些都是Nexus中最基本也是最常用的功能。随着使用的深入，你会发现Nexus还有很多其它的特性，如用户管理，角色权限管理等等。
Nexus的OSS版本是完全开源的，如果你有兴趣，你可以学习其源码，甚至自己实现一个REST客户端。
马上拥抱Nexus吧，它是免费的！
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貌似博主已经不在ITeye了....& 博主自己新开了独立域名的博客，在这里：
希望您能帮我看看 ... 一直没解决换jdk6或者较新版本的jdk5试试吧
juvenshun 写道pinghe 写道还发现一个问题，使用pro版本，集成LDAP于windows 活动目录，用户的主要组在Selected Role中没有罗列出来pro可是要收费的，仅玩玩试用版，还是你想买阿？试用一下。前面帖子发现中文支持也有问题Nexus暂时还没有考虑国际化哦
pinghe 写道还发现一个问题，使用pro版本，集成LDAP于windows 活动目录，用户的主要组在Selected Role中没有罗列出来pro可是要收费的，仅玩玩试用版，还是你想买阿？试用一下。前面帖子发现中文支持也有问题
还发现一个问题，使用pro版本，集成LDAP于windows 活动目录，用户的主要组在Selected Role中没有罗列出来pro可是要收费的，仅玩玩试用版，还是你想买阿？
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清晰明了！多谢！
Plugin execution not covered by ...javax.persistence (Java EE 6 )
Package javax.persistence
Interface used to interact with the second-level cache.
Interface used to interact with the persistence context.
Interface used to interact with the entity manager factory
for the persistence unit.
Interface used to control transactions on resource-local entity
Type for query parameter objects.
Utility interface between the application and the persistence
provider managing the persistence unit.
Utility interface between the application and the persistence
provider(s).
Interface used to control query execution.
Interface for extracting the elements of a query result tuple.
The TupleElement interface defines an element that is returned in
a query result tuple.
Interface used to control the execution of typed queries.
Bootstrap class that is used to obtain an EntityManagerFactory
in Java SE environments.
Is used with the Access annotation to specify an access
type to be applied to an entity class, mapped superclass, or
embeddable class, or to a specific attribute of such a class.
Used as the value of the
javax.persistence.cache.retrieveMode property to
specify the behavior when data is retrieved by the
find methods and by queries.
Used as the value of the
javax.persistence.cache.storeMode property to specify
the behavior when data is read from the database and when data is
committed into the database.
Defines the set of cascadable operations that are propagated
to the associated entity.
Defines supported types of the discriminator column.
Defines mapping for enumerated types.
Defines strategies for fetching data from the database.
Flush mode setting.
Defines the types of primary key generation strategies.
Defines inheritance strategy options.
Lock modes can be specified by means of passing a LockModeType
argument to one of the
methods that take locks
(lock, find, or refresh) or
to the Query.setLockMode() or
TypedQuery.setLockMode() method.
Specifies whether a transaction-scoped or extended
persistence context is to be used in PersistenceContext.
Defines the values of the javax.persistence.lock.scope
property for pessimistic locking.
Specifies how the provider must use a second-level cache for the
persistence unit.
Type used to indicate a specific mapping of java.util.Date
or java.util.Calendar.
The validation mode to be used by the provider for the persistence
Thrown by the persistence provider when EntityManager.persist(Object) is called and the entity already exists.
Thrown by the persistence provider when an entity reference obtained by
EntityManager.getReference
is accessed but the entity does not exist.
Thrown by the persistence provider when an pessimistic locking
conflict occurs that does not result in transaction rollback.
Thrown by the persistence provider when Query.getSingleResult() or TypedQuery.getSingleResult() is executed on a
query and there is more than one result from the query.
Thrown by the persistence provider when Query.getSingleResult() or TypedQuery.getSingleResult()is executed on a query
and there is no result to return.
Thrown by the persistence provider when an optimistic locking conflict
Thrown by the persistence provider when a problem occurs.
Thrown by the persistence provider when an pessimistic locking conflict
Thrown by the persistence provider when a query times out
and only the statement is rolled back.
Thrown by the persistence provider when
<mit() fails.
Thrown by the persistence provider when a transaction is required but is not
Used to specify an access type to be applied to an entity class,
mapped superclass, or embeddable class, or to a specific attribute
of such a class.
Used to override a mapping for an entity relationship.
Used to override mappings of multiple relationship properties or fields.
Used to override the mapping of a Basic (whether
explicit or default) property or field or Id property or
Used to override mappings of multiple properties or fields.
The simplest type of mapping to a database column.
Specifies whether an entity should be cached if caching is enabled
when the value of the persistence.xml caching element
is ENABLE_SELECTIVE or DISABLE_SELECTIVE.
Specifies the table that is used for the mapping of
collections of basic or embeddable types.
Is used to specify the mapped column for a persistent property or field.
References name of a column in the SELECT clause of a SQL query -
i.e., column alias, if applicable.
Specifies the discriminator column for the
SINGLE_TABLE and
JOINED Inheritance mapping strategies.
Specifies the value of the discriminator column for
entities of the given type.
Defines a collection of instances of a basic type or embeddable
Defines a class whose instances are stored as an intrinsic
part of an owning entity and share the identity of the entity.
Specifies a persistent field or property of an entity whose
value is an instance of an embeddable class.
Applied to a persistent field or property of an entity
class or mapped superclass to denote a composite primary
key that is an embeddable class.
Specifies that the class is an entity.
Specifies the callback listener classes to be used for an
entity or mapped superclass.
Used to map the SELECT clause of a SQL query to an entity result.
Specifies that a persistent property or field should be persisted
as a enumerated type.
Specifies that the invocation of default listeners is
to be excluded for the entity class (or mapped superclass)
and its subclasses.
Specifies that the invocation of superclass listeners is
to be excluded for the entity class (or mapped superclass)
and its subclasses.
Is used to map the columns specified in the SELECT list
of the query to the properties or fields of the entity class.
Provides for the specification of generation strategies for the
values of primary keys.
Specifies the primary key of an entity.
Specifies a composite primary key class that is mapped to
multiple fields or properties of the entity.
Defines the inheritance strategy to be used for an entity class
hierarchy.
Specifies a column for joining an entity association or element
collection.
Defines mapping for composite foreign keys.
Used in the mapping of associations.
Specifies that a persistent property or field should be persisted
as a large object to a database-supported large object type.
Defines a many-valued association with many-to-many multiplicity.
Defines a single-valued association to another entity class that
has many-to-one multiplicity.
Specifies the map key for associations of type
java.util.Map when the map key is itself the primary
key or a persistent field or property of the entity that is
the value of the map.
Specifies the type of the map key for associations of type
java.util.Map.
Specifies the mapping for the key column of a map whose
map key is a basic type.
Specifies the enum type for a map key whose basic type is an enumerated type.
Specifies a mapping to an entity that is a map key.
Supports composite map keys that reference entities.
This annotation must be specified for persistent map keys of type
Date and Calendar.
Designates a class whose mapping information is applied
to the entities that inherit from it.
Designates a ManyToOne or
OneToOne relationship attribute that provides the
mapping for an EmbeddedId primary key, an attribute within
an EmbeddedId primary key, or a simple primary key of
the parent entity.
Used to specify multiple native SQL named queries.
Specifies a named native SQL query.
Specifies multiple named Java Persistence query language queries.
Specifies a static, named query in the Java Persistence query language.
Defines a many-valued association with one-to-many multiplicity.
Defines a single-valued association to another entity that has
one-to-one multiplicity.
Specifies the ordering of the elements of a collection valued
association or element collection at the point when the association
or collection is retrieved.
Specifies a column that is used to maintain the persistent order of
Expresses a dependency on a container-managed EntityManager and its
associated persistence context.
Declares one or more PersistenceContext annotations.
Describes a single container or persistence provider property.
Expresses a dependency on an EntityManagerFactory and its
associated persistence unit.
Declares one or more PersistenceUnit annotations.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Is used to specify callback methods for the corresponding
lifecycle event.
Specifies a primary key column that is used as a foreign key to
join to another table.
Groups PrimaryKeyJoinColumn annotations.
Used to supply a query property or hint to the NamedQuery or NamedNativeQuery annotation.
Specifies a secondary table for the annotated entity
Specifies multiple secondary tables for an entity.
Defines a primary key generator that may be referenced by name when
a generator element is specified for the GeneratedValue
annotation.
Specifies the mapping of the result of a native SQL query.
Is used to define one or more SqlResultSetMapping annotations.
Specifies the primary table for the annotated entity.
Defines a primary key generator that may be
referenced by name when a generator element is specified for
the GeneratedValue annotation.
This annotation must be specified for persistent fields
or properties of type java.util.Date and
java.util.Calendar.
Specifies that the property or field is not persistent.
Specifies that a unique constraint is to be included in
the generated DDL for a primary or secondary table.
Specifies the version field or property of an entity class that
serves as its optimistic lock value.
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