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你可能喜欢初一英语阅读理解Mr Black,Ann's father,works in a hospital.He's friendly to the patients.So he's very busy all the time.Ann is seven and begins to go to school.She often watches TV at home and she knows a lot.Some of her friends usually go traveling abroad,but her father d_百度作业帮
初一英语阅读理解Mr Black,Ann's father,works in a hospital.He's friendly to the patients.So he's very busy all the time.Ann is seven and begins to go to school.She often watches TV at home and she knows a lot.Some of her friends usually go traveling abroad,but her father doesn't have time.Mr Black and his wife can only take their daughter to some cities in England.This summer,Mr Black has got some time.He's going to take his family to Iceland(冰岛).Ann is very excited and tells her friends about it."Why are you going to travel to Iceland,Ann?"asks a girl.The little girl does not know how to answer.She thinks for a few minutes and says,"We're going to see it before it melts."(
)1.Mr Black makes machine in a factory.(
)2.Mr Black can't take his family to travel abroad because he has little time.(
)3.Ann often stays at home instead of travelling abroad.(
)4.Ann thinks Iceland will melt.
1 F2 T3.T4.T
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>>>With the increase of the people’s income, there is a growin..
With the increase of the people’s income, there is a growing ______ for Chinese students to go abroad for further education.A.tendencyB.consciousnessC.accountantD.conception
题型:单选题难度:偏易来源:不详
A试题分析:此处tendency倾向;consciousness意识;accountant 会计师;conception概念。句意:随着人们的收入不断增加,中国学生有趣国外进修的趋势(tendency)。根据句意选A。
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“With the increase of the people’s income, there is a growin..”主要考查你对&&名词,可数名词及其单复数,集合名词&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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因为篇幅有限,只列出部分考点,详细请访问。
名词可数名词及其单复数集合名词
名词的概念:
名词(Nouns)是词性的一种,也是实词的一种,是指代人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词可以分为专有名词(ProperNouns)和普通名词(CommonNouns),普通名词又可分为不可数名词和可数名词两大类。 名词的数:
1、名词复数的构成方法:(1)在一般情况下,加词尾-s: book/books书 pen/pens钢笔 face/faces脸 (2)以s, x, z, sh, ch等结尾的名词,通常加词尾-es:bus/buses 公共汽车 box/boxes 盒子 dish/dishes 盘子注:有些以ch结尾的名词,由于其发音不是[k]而是[tf],那么其复数形式应加词尾–s,如stomach/stomachs胃。 (3)以y结尾的名词,其复数构成要分两种情况:以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词,将y改为ies;以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词,直接加词尾s:city/cities 城市 boy/boys 男孩 key/keys 钥匙注:以y结尾的专有名词,若在某些特殊情况下需要复数,通常加s构成: Mary/Marys玛丽 Germany/Germanys德国 (4)以o结尾的名词,有些加词尾-s,有些加-es,有些加-s或-es均可: piano/pianos钢琴 tomato/tomatoes西红柿 zero/zero(e)s零 注:有人对英语中所有以o结尾的名词作了统计,一共近200个,其中绝大部分的复数形式通过加词尾-s构成,少数加词尾es。在中学英语范围内,加词尾es的主要有以下4个:tomato西红柿,potato土豆,hero英雄,Negro黑人 (5)以f或fe结尾的名词,也有两种可能:即有些直接加词尾-s,有些则把f/fe改为ves: chief/chiefs首领 roof/roofs屋顶 knife/knives小刀&注:在中学英语范围内,要改f/fe为ves的只有以下10个词(它们都是日常生活中的常用词):wife 妻子,life 生命,knife 小刀,leaf 树叶,thief 贼,half 一半,self 自己,shelf 架子,loaf 面包,wolf 狼。&& 另外,中学英语中的handkerchief(手帕)一词的复数有两种形式:handkerchiefs/handkerchieves,但在现代英语中,以用handkerchiefs为多见。
2、单数与复数同形式的名词:中学英语中主要的有:sheep绵羊,fish鱼,deer鹿,Chinese中国人,Japanese日本人,Portuguese葡萄牙人,Swiss瑞士人,aircraft飞行器,means方法,series系列,head(牛等的)头数,works工厂,等。注:fish有时也用fishes这样的复数形式,尤其表示种类时;head若不是牲口的“头数”,而是表示“人的头”或“人数”,则要用heads这样的复数形式。
3、不规则的复数名词:有的名词单数变复数时,没有一定的规则:man/men男人 woman/women女人 child/children小孩 tooth/teeth牙齿 foot/feet脚 goose/geese鹅 mouse/mice老鼠 ox/oxen公牛注:(1)一些以man,woman结尾的合成词,在构成复数与man,woman的变化形式相同,如:policeman/policemen警察,gentleman/gentlemen绅士,Englishman/Englishmen英国人,等等。但是human(人),German(德国人)不是合成词,其复数不能仿man的变化规律,而是按规则变化,即用humans,Germans。&(2)foot表示“英尺”时,其复数可以有两种形式feet/foot,如:He is about six feet/foottall. 他大约6英尺高。 名词可数性的三个易错点:&(1)根据汉语习惯将英语的物质名词误认为是可数名词。如:汉语中的“面包”,一般认为是可数的,可以说“一个面包”、“两个面包”等,但英语中的bread却通常是不可数的,不能相应地用a bread,two breads表示以上意思。不过有趣的是,loaf 表示“面包”却又是可数的,可说a loaf, two loaves。 (2)想当然地判断名词的可数性。如:有的学生认为news (消息)和paper (纸)都不可数,于是便想当然地认为 newspaper (报纸)就一定不可数,但事实上,newspaper却是可数名词;又如:有的同学认为 tear (眼泪)即“泪水”,并将其与water(水)相联系,认为tear 是不可数的,但事实上,tear却是可数的。&(3)受名词一词多义的影响。有的名词不止一个意思,且用于不同意思时,其可数性也有不同,不要形成思维思势。如:aim表示“目的”时是可数名词,表示“瞄准”时是不可数名词;又如 experience表示“经验”时不可数,表示“经历”时则可数;再如:fortune,当它表示“运气”时,不可数(=luck),当它表示“命运”时,可数,当它表示“财产”时,不可数,但可与a连用。
可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语: (1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有:these, those, few, a few, many, a good[great] many, agreat[good]number of 等。注:a good[great]many后直接跟名词,没有介词of。&(2)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有:this, that, a few, a little, a bit of, much, no, a great deal of 等。&(3)有些修饰语既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词:all, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large amount of, a large quantity of等。&(4)有些名词形式上是复数,但却被用作不可数名词,使用much, little等修饰语:He hasn't got much brains.他没什么头脑。 He took much pains to do the work. 他费了不少心做这工作。&I said I wouldn't want much wages. 我说过我不要很多工资。It's high time you were taught a little manners.该是你学一点礼貌的时候了。
单位词与不可数名词数量表示法:单位词是表示事物个体性的词语,不可数名词通常没有复数形式,也不可以用个数计算,要表示不可数名词的个体性需借助单位词: a piece of paper一张纸 a piece of advice一条建议a piece of news一条消息 an article of furniture一件家具 a cake of soap一块香皂 a slice of meat一块a cup of tea一杯茶 a bottle of ink一瓶墨水& 注:不要按汉语习惯在不该用单位词的地方错用单位词,如“一张邮票”只能说a stamp,而不能说a piece of stamp。名词的可数性:
1、名词根据其可数性,可分为可数名词与不可数名词。一般说来,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的;而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及少部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的,原则性的,并不是绝对的。英语有些名词往往既是可数也可以是不可数的。 A:Would you like a cake? 要吃块蛋糕吗? B:No, I don't like cake.不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。以上第一句用a cake,这是把cake视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词。
2、不同类别名词的可数性。 (1)专有名词的可数性。在通常情况下,专有名词具有“独一无二”的含义,因此它通常没有复数形式,即不可数。但是,专有名词的独一无二性通常是相对的,随着范围的扩大,这种独一无二性便会受到破坏。如在一个星期(week)内,只有一个星期六(Saturday),一个星期日(Sunday)等,但是在一个月中甚至一年中,便有多个星期六,多个星期日了。所以我们有时可以说:We have spent many happy Sundays there. 我们在那儿度过了许多个愉快的星期日。又如,在一个小范围内,可能只有一个Henry,但在一个较大的范围内则可能有多个Henry,因此我们有时会见到这样的句子:There are five Henrys in our school. 我们学校有五个亨利。另外,若专有名词转化成了普通名词,也可以是可数的:Thousands of LeiFengs have emerged in China.中国涌现出了千千万万个雷锋。 (2)个体名词的可数性。个体名词表示的是一个一个的人或物的个体,所以它通常是可数的。 (3)物质名词的可数性。由于物质名词在通常情况下不能分为个体,所以它通常是不可数的。但是,在某些特殊情况下(如表示种类等),有些物质名词也可以连用不定冠词或用复数形式: wine酒(不可数),a wine一种酒(可数), beer啤酒(不可数),two beers两杯啤酒(可数)&,glass玻璃(不可数),some glasses一些玻璃杯(可数) (4)抽象名词的可数性。抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数),表示具有某种性质的人或事物:success成功(不可数),asuccess成功的人或事(可数) ,pleasure愉快(不可数),apleasure令人愉快的人或事(可数) (5)集合名词的可数性。集合名词表示若干个体组成的集合体,它本身通常是可数的,其复数形式表示多个集合体:a family一个家庭,three families三个家庭 a team一个队,two teams两个队 a crowd一群人,crowds多群人名词知识体系:
&特殊名词的复数形式:
1、复合名词的复数形式。通常是将其主要名词变为复数:passer-by/passers-by 过路人 shoe-maker/shoe-makers 鞋匠&& looker-on/lookers-on 旁观者 on-looker/on-lookers 旁观者 father-in-law/fathers-in-law 岳父 若没有主要名词,则通常在最后一个词加s:go-between/go-betweens中间人,媒人 know-all/know-alls 万事通注:由man/woman用于另一名词前构成的合成名词,两者均变为复数:man doctor/men doctors男医生&& woman writer/women writers 女作家 2、字母、文字、数字、符号等的复数形式。原则上加词尾-'s: There are two i's in the word"skiing". skiing.这个词里有两个字母i。 如:Mind your p's and q's. 要谨言慎行。&&&&&&&& All the–'s should be changed to+'s. 所有的正号应改为负号。注:若不至于发生混淆,也可只加词尾s。如:He was born in the 1930(')s. 他出生在20世纪30年代。 &&&&&&& Your 3(')s look like 8(')s. 你写的3看起来像似8。 3、度量衡单位的缩写词的复数形式。一般不加词尾-s: m(meter, meters)米 km(kilometer, kilometers)千米 kg(kilogramme, kilogrammes)千克 cm(centimeter, centimeters)厘米;有的缩写词也加s:hr(hours)/hrs(hours)小时 No(number)/Nos(Numbers)号码;有个别缩写词采用重复最后一个字母的方式构成复数形式:p.10(page10)第10页 pp.10(pages10through15)第10至15页 可数名词:
是指能以数目来计算,可以分成个体的人或东西;因此它有复数形式,当它的复数形式在句子中作主语时,句子的谓语也应用复数形式。&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 可数名词复数的规则变化:&
1.清辅音后读/s/; 2.浊辅音和元音后读/z/;&
map-maps bag-bags car-cars
以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的词
bus-buses watch-watches
以ce,se,ze,(d)ge等结尾 的词 
license-licenses
以辅音字母+y结尾的词  
变y 为i再加es
baby-babies另外: 1)以y 结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:  如:two Marys the Henrys&&&&& monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays   比较:层楼:storey---storeys  story---stories 2)以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo---photos  piano---pianos&b. 加es,如:potato--potatoes tomato--tomatoes c. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes  3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief---beliefs roof---roofs&& safe---safes  gulf---gulfs; b. 去f, fe 加ves,如:half---halves knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves& wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves; c. 均可,如:handkerchief:& handkerchiefs / handkerchieves 可数名词复数的不规则变化: 1)child---children foot---feet  tooth---teeth&& mouse---mice  man---men woman---women & 注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。& 如:an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2)单复同形 如: deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin  但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如: && a dollar,  a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如:staff& people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说a staff& a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,&the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。& 如:The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。 4)以s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。  "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.  &&一千零一夜&&是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes&; 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); two pairs of trousers 6)另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼 复合名词的复数形式: && 名词作定语名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。 1)用复数作定语。 如:sports meeting 运动会& students reading-room 学生阅览室 & talks table 谈判桌 &&& the foreign languages department 外语系 2)man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。 如:men workers  women teachers gentlemen officials 3)有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。 如:goods train (货车)& arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush衣刷 4)数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。 如:two-dozen eggs 两打/(二十四个鸡蛋)& a ten-mile walk 十里路  two-hundred trees 两百棵树&&&&&&&&&&& a five-year plan 一个五年计划  &可数名词单复数知识体系:
&不同国籍人的单复数:
集合名词定义:
(英语:Collective noun)是语言学上的一个专有名词,意指一种可用来指称一群对象的词,而这些对象,可以是人、动物、或是一群概念等事物。 例如:family (家庭),& cattle (牛, 牲畜),& goods (货物),&baggage/luggage (行李), hair (头发, 毛发), fruit (水果) 集合名词用法特点:
(1) family (家庭),team (队),class (班),audience (听众)等,其用法特点为:若视为整体,表示单数意义;若考虑其个体成员,表示复数意义。比较:This class consists of 45 pupils. 这个班由45个学生组成。 &&&&&&&&&&& This class are studying English now. 这个班的学生在学习英语。 (2) cattle (牛,牲畜),people (人),police (警察)等,其用法特点为:只有单数形式,但却表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语用复数;不与a(n)连用,但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)。如:People will laugh at you. 人们会笑你的。 &&&&&&& The police are looking for him. 警察在找他。 &&&&&&& For these many cattle were killed. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。注:表示牲畜的头数,用单位词head (单复数同形)。如:three head of cattle 3头牛,&&&&&&& twenty (head of) cattle 20头牛。 (3) goods(货物), clothes(衣服)等,其用法特点是:只有复数形式(当然也表示复数意义,用作主语时谓语也用复数),但通常不与数词连用。如:Such clothes are very expensive. 那样的衣服很贵。 &&&&&&& To whom do these goods belong? 这些书是谁的? (4) baggage/luggage (行李), clothing (衣服), furniture (家具), machinery (机器), poetry (诗), scenery (风景), jewelry (珠宝),equipment (设备)等,其用法特点为:是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词),没有复数形式。如:Our clothing protects us from[against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒。 &&&&&&& Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗? 特别提醒:machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery& 相应的个体可数名词是machine, poem, jewel, scene。如:a poem/a piece of poetry 一首诗,many machines/ much machinery/ many pieces of machinery 许多机器。几个特殊的集合名词:
① hair (头发,毛发):指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数);指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)。如:My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了。 &&&&&&& The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发。 ② mankind (人类):是一个不可数的集合名词,不用复数形式,也不连用冠词。如:This is an invention that benefits mankind. 这是一项造福人类的发明。 &&&&&&& Mankind has its own problems. 人类有自己的问题。特别提醒:mankind表示“人(类)”时,虽不可数,但有时却可以表示复数意义,尤其是当其表语是复数时。如:Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物。 ③ fruit(水果):作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的。如:He doesn't not eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果。 &&&&&&& He is growing fruit in the country. 他在农村种水果。但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即afruit指一种水果,fruits指多种水果。体会: Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚。 &&&&&&&&&&&&& The potato is a vegetable, not a&fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。
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与“With the increase of the people’s income, there is a growin..”考查相似的试题有:
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>>> is a good chance them to go abroad.[ ]A. TforB. It ..
&&&&&& is a good chance&&&&&& them to go abroad.
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据魔方格专家权威分析,试题“ is a good chance them to go abroad.[ ]A. TforB. It ..”主要考查你对&&it 的用法&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下:
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“It”用法及其句型和固定搭配,是英语语法的重点、难点,又是近几年考试的热点,因此在复习中应给予足够的重视。It 句型归纳:1. It is +adj.(+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy, hard, difficult,possible, important, impossible, necessary, good, bad, exciting, interesting, surprising等。如:&It is necessary to change your job.&It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow.2.It is +n.(+for sb./sth.) + to do sth.用于此句型的名词有: pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如:&It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play.&It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old.3.It is +adj.+of sb.+to do sth. 此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有: kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如:&How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance!&It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel at home in their house.4.It is +adj.(+n.)+doing sth. 此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有:no/little use, no/much good, useless等。如:&It’s no use crying over spilt milk.5.It takes sb.+一段时间+to do sth. 表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。如:It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea.6.It is +及物动词的过去分词+that从句 此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有:said, told, known, reported, recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如:It is reported that the Russian President will visit China next week.7.It +不及物动词+that从句 此句型中不及物动词常见的有:seem, happen, appear, matter等。如:&It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow.&It happened that I met my good friends in the museum yesterday.8.强调句型:It is+被强调部分+that/who从句在使用强调句型时要注意,指人时可以用who或that,其它情况一律用that。如:&It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball this morning.&It is Mr Bell who/that often comes and looks after the old man.9.It is/has been+一段时间+since从句。如:It is /has been three years since we saw each other last.10.It is (high) time that sb. did sth.该句型表示“某人现在该做某事了”,从句常用过去时(虚拟语气)说明现在应该做的事情。如:&It’s six o’clock.It is high time that we went home now.It 常用的固定搭配:1. make it(1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达例& It's hard to make it to the top in show business.(2)在口语中相当于fix the date for,表示“约定好时间”例& —Shall we meet next week?—OK. We just make it next Saturday.2. as it is(1)相当于in fact,in reality表示“事实上,实际情况是……”例& We had planed to finish the task today,but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.(2)相当于方式状语从句,表示“照原样”例& Leave the table as it is.3. as it were相当于as one might say,that is to say,表示“也就是说,可以说,换句话说”例& He is,as it were,a modern Sherlock Holmes.4. if it weren't for…/if it hadn't been for…用来引导虚拟语气,相当于without,or but for,表示“如果不是……,要不是……”例& If it weren't for Tom,I wouldn't be alive today.5. that's it(1)相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止,没有别的了”例& You can have one more sweet,and that's it.(2)相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”例& — I guess the key to the problem is thechoice “A”—That's it.6. catch it在口语中,相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂,受责备,受批评,受惩罚”例& We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.7. have it(1)相当于say,insist表示“说,主张,表明,硬说”例& Rumour has it that they are getting divorced.(2)相当于get to know something,表示“了解,知道,获悉”例& I had it from John that she was going abroad.8. have what it takes在口语中,相当于be well qualified for,表示“具有成功的条件”例& You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star.9. so it seems / appears.10. Keep at it!(Don't give up!)相当于go on,表示“继续做,不放弃”例& My teacher asked me to keep at it.11. Go it!(Go on!)拼命干,莽撞12. Now you have done it!(You have done sth. wrong.)13. Now you'll catch it!(You'll be punished.)14. As it happened,…在口语中,相当于it's a pity that…,表示“真不凑巧,真遗憾”例& As it happened,they were out.15. As it turned out,…在口语中,相当于it was found to be in the end,表示“最后被证明是”例& As it turned out,his statement was false.16. Such as it is(they are)在口语中,相当于although it may not be worth much,表示“虽然没有多大价值”例& You can borrow my exam notebook,such as it is.17. Take it/things easy.相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,存住气”例& Take it easy! He will do it well.18. Take it from me.在口语中,相当于believe me what I say.表示“请相信我的话,我敢担保”例& You can take it from me that he will make it this time.19. For what it is worth…在口语中,相当于although I'm not sure it's of value,表示“不管其价值如何”例& Here is the article I promise you,for what it's worth.20. Worth it在口语中,相当于useful,表示“有好处,值得做”例& Don't hesitate about it! It's worth it.21. Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”例& Believe it or not,Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放弃例& That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it.23. It all depends/that all depends在口语中,相当于it hasn't been decided yet,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”例& —Are you going to the countryside for holiday?—It/That all depends.24. It's up to sb.在口语中,相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定,由……负责,取决于……”例& —Shall we go out for dinner?—It's up to you.it用法小结:It用作实词 表达以下概念:指代前文提到的事物,前文中的this, that;替代前文中的内容;指代一位性别不明的小孩或未知的人;指代未指明但谈话双方都知道的那件事;指代时间、天气、气候、距离等自然现象。
一、it 作人称代词的用法1. 指事物作为人称代词,it 可以除人以外的一切事物或动物。如:I dropped my watch and it broke. 我把手表掉在地上摔坏了。It’s hard work, but I enjoy it. 工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。“Where is the dog?” “It’s in the bedroom. ” “狗在哪?”“在卧室里”。2. 指人it 指人主要用于指不性别不明的婴儿或用于确认某人的身份。如:Is it a boy or a girl? 是男孩还是女孩?There is a knock on the door. It must be the postman. 有人在敲门,一定是邮递员。【说明】在答语中,常用来指本人,如说 It’s me。3. 代替某些代词代词 it 还可用于代替指示代词this, that 以及复合不定代词 something, anything, nothing等。如:“What’s this?” “It’s a new machine. ” “这是什么?”“是一种新机器”。Nothing is wrong, is it? 没出什么问题,是吗?
二、it 作非人称代词的用法1. 基本用法it 作非人称代词的用法,主要用于指时间、距离、价值、天气、气候及温度等自然现象。如:It’s too late to go there now. 现在去那儿已经太迟了。It rained all day yesterday. 昨天下了一天的雨。It can get very hot here. 这里有时会很热。2. 用于某些句型It’s time for sth. 该做某事了。It’s time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了。It’s time for sb to do sth. 某人该干某事了。It’s (about / high) time + that-从句. 某人该做某事了。(从句谓语用过去式,有时也用“should+动词原形”)It’s first (second) time + that-从句. 某人第几次干某事。(从句谓语用现在完成时)It’s + 时间段 + since-从句. 自从……有一段时间了。It’s + 时间段 + before-从句. 过多长的时间才……
三、it用作形式主语1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作句子主语时,为保持句子平衡,通常把真正的主语放在句末,而在句首使用形式主语it。如:It’s very important to remember this. 记住这一点很重要。It’s hard work climbing mountains. 爬山是费劲的事。It’s unknown when he will come. 他什么时候来还不知道。2. 用作形式主语的的重要句型(1) It + be + adj. for (of) sb to do sth 某人做某事……It is hard for him to make up his mind. 他很难下定决心。It was foolish of her to say such a thing. 她说那样的话,真是太蠢了。【说明】介词 of 与 for 的区别是:of 用于指某人的性格、属性、特征等,介词for表示对象,意为“对……来说” 。(2) It takes sb + 时间段 + to do sth. 某人做某事花了……时间It takes years to master a new language. 要花多年的时间才能掌握一门新的语言。【说明】此句型可以有以下多变种变体:It took me an hour to write the letter. =The letter took me an hour (to write). =I took an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时(3) It is up to sb to do sth. 该由某人做某事It’s up to you to to make the choice. 得由你来作选择。(4) it look (seem, appear, happen, occur) that [as if]… 似乎……It seemed as though he didn’t recognize me. 他似乎没认出我来。It happened that I was out when he called. 他打电话时我碰巧不在家。(5) If it were not for… / If it hadn’t been for… 若不是因为……If it were not for their help, we couldn’t have got over the difficulties. 要不是他们帮助,这些困难我们不克服不了的。
四、it用作形式宾语1. 基本用法当不定式、动名词、从句等复杂成分用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时,通常会在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语,而将真正的宾语移至句末。其基本结构为“动词+it+宾语补足语+不定式(动名词或从句)”。如:I find it difficult to do the job well. 我发现做好这件事不容易。I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。We think it no use complaining. 我们认为抱怨是没有用的。2. 用作形式宾语的几个特殊结构(1) 动词+ it + that-从句。如:I like it that you came. 你来了,我很高兴。I take it (that) he will come on time. 我认为他会准时来的。You can put it that it was arranged before. 你可以说这是以前安排的。Rumor has it that the defence minister will soon resign. 据传闻,国防部长不久就要辞职。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 have, take, put, like 等。(2) 动词 + it + when (if)-从句。如:I dislike it when you whistle. 我不爱听你吹口哨。We really appreciate it when she offered to help. 她来帮忙了,我们十分感激。I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作,好就太好了。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有 enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate, prefer 等。(3) 动词 + prep + it + that-从句。如:See to it that you’re not late again. 注意千万不要再迟到。Look to it that this doesn’t happen again. 注意不要再发生这种事。You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you. 你放心,他会来接你的。I can’t answer for it that he will come. 我不能保证他会来。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有see to, look to, insist on, stick to, depend on, answer for 等。(4) 动词 + it + 介词短语+ that-从句。如:I owe it to you that I am still alive. 多亏有你我才仍然活着。I took it for granted that he would help us. 我认为他会帮助我们的。【说明】能用于此结构的动词不多,常见的有take it for granted, bring it to sb’s attention, owe it to sb 等。
it在强调句中的使用It is+被强调部分+that(who)+其他在使用强调句型时需注意以下几点: 1. 请注意强调句型的特殊疑问句& 2. 在强调原因状语从句时,只能强调由because所引导的从句。 3. 在强调not … until结构时必须把not与until一起放到被强调的位置上。4. 注意强调句型与定语从句的区别。5. 不管被强调部分是单数还是复数,其前一律用It is / It was,而不能用They are / There were之类的。6. 被强调部分是指人时,被强调部分后可用that / who,被强调部分指物时,被强调部分后只能用that。7. 被强调部分是指时间或地点时,被强调部分后通常用that,一般不用when,where之类的。例:It is I who am right. 是我对。It was you that were wrong. 是你错了。It was in the Japan that he died. 他是死于日本。It was yesterday that he got married. 他是昨天结婚的。It was a computer that he bought last week. 他上个星期买的是一台电脑。Where was it that she lived? 她是住在什么地方?When was it that he left for Japan? 他是什么时候离开去日本的?Who is it that teaches you English? 是谁教你们英语?
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