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＞＞＞There are twenty girls in the classroom. Some are cleaning ..
There are twenty girls in the classroom. Some are cleaning the tables, and __&& __ are sweeping the floor.&&
A. another B. the other C. other D. the others
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据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“There are twenty girls in the classroom. Some are cleaning ..”主要考查你对&&不定代词，定冠词（the）&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
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不定代词定冠词（the）
不定代词：即不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。初中常用不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。不定代词用法例举：①一般用于肯定句中的不定代词：some, someone, somebody, something 例如：They can speak some Japanese. ②一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中的不定代词：any, anyone, anybody, anything 例如：Is there anyone at home? ③一般用于句中表示否定意义的不定代词：no, no one, nobody, nothing 例如：I have no watch. There is nothing wrong with the machine. ④不定代词one指代可数名词，既可指人，亦可指物，它可以代替上文中出现的单数可数 名词，指代复数名词时可以用ones。 例如：I do not have a pen, can you lend me one? I like small cars better than large ones. ⑤none通常只用作名词，在句中作主语、宾语等。意为“没有任何（人或物）”，既可指人，亦可指物。none后常跟of短语，其后用复数可数名词或不可数名词。 例如：None of them knows the answer to the question. ⑥both, all both指两个人、物或群体；all指三个以上的人、物或群体或泛指一切事物。 例如：My parents are both teachers. &&&&&&&&& &All of my friends are football fans. ⑦every, each each一般用于指两个或两个以上的人或物，侧重个别；every用于指三个或三个以上的人或物，侧重全体。而且each所指对象在上下文中已十分明确。 例如：Each student went to see that films. (学生至少二人) &&&&&&&&&&& Every student went to the park.（学生至少三人）&&&&&&&& ⑧other, the other, others, the others, another other具有名词和形容词性质，既可指人，亦可指物。other常与定冠词the连用。不定冠词an与other连用则组成another。other只作形容词或代词，表示“其他的，别的”，不可单独使用。 例如：Do you have any other questions? the other作形容词或代词，特指两者中或两部分的另一个或另一部分。 例如：The bookshop is on the other side of the street. &others相当于“other+名词”，泛指“别的人或物”，只有名词性用法。 例如：Some are planting trees, others are watering them. the others相当于“the other+名词”，表示“剩下的，其余的”，特指除此之外的全部 人或物。 例如：There are forty-six students in our class. Two of them are foreign, the others are all Chinese. another作形容词或代词，泛指三个或三个以上不定数目中的“另一个”。 例如：This pen is too expensive, please show me another. ⑨either, neither either指“两者中的任何一个”；neither指“两者中无一”，具有否定意义。 例如：You can take either half. Neither of the books is good. ⑩many, much, most many和much具有名词和形容词的性质，都表示“许多、大量”。Much一般只能指代或修饰不可数名词，many只能指代或修饰复数可数名词。Most指“大部分、大多数”。 例如：Many boys like playing soccer. We have much homework to do every day. Most students think so. (11)few, a few, little, a little a few 和a little 意为“少数、少量”,其意义是肯定的。A few指代或修饰复数形式的可数名词，a little指代或修饰不可数名词。Few 和little意为“几乎一点没有”，具有否定意义。 例如：He has a few friends here. Hurry up! There is little time left. 不定代词的用法：不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。位置不定代词+形容词不定代词+to do作主语Both of them are teachers．他们两人都是教师。作宾语I know nothing about this person．我对这个人一无所知。作表语This book is too much for a child．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。作定语There is a little water in the glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。作状语I can't find my book anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。修饰不定代词的词，一般情况下要后置。定冠词：具有确定的意思，用以特指人或事物，表示名词所指的人或事物是同类中的特定的一个，以别于同类中其他的人或事物，或用在世界上“独一无二”的事物的名词前，相当于汉语中的“那个” 或“这个”的意思。它可以和单、复数名词，也可以和不可数的名词连用。例如：The panda is one of the animals most in danger.&&&&&&&&&&&& Italy is in the south of Europe.&&&&&&&&&&&&&The earth goes round the sun. .
基本用法：1).& 用以特指某（些）人或某（些）事物This is the house where Luxun once lived.这是鲁迅曾经住过的房子。2). 用于指谈话双方都明确所指的人或事物Open the door, please.请把门打开。3). 用以复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用“a或an”，以后再次提到用“the”）Once there lived a lion in the forest. Every day the lion asked small animals tolook for food for him.从前森林里住着一只狮子。每天这只狮子要小动物们为他寻找食物。4). 用在序数词和形容词和最高级前January is the first month of the year.一月份是一年当中的第一个月。 5). 表示世界上宇宙中独一无二的事物the sun 太阳 the moon 月亮 6). 指由普通名词构成的专有名词the West Lake 西湖 the Great Wall 长城 7). 表示方向、方位in the east 在东方 in the west 在西方 8). 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 the Yellow River 黄河 9). 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人The Bakers came to see me yesterday.贝克一家人昨天来看我。 10). 和某些形容词连用，使形容词名词化，代表一类人或物the poor 穷人 the rich 富人 11). 表示演奏乐器时，乐器的前面要加theplay the piano 弹钢琴play the violin 拉小提琴[中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用:play erhu(二胡)] 12).某些固定的表达法in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午in the evening 在晚上 go to the cinema 去看电影关于定冠词The 的用法& :1 表示特指的人或物 例：Please hand me the key on the desk. 请把桌上的钥匙递给我。 The girl in red is his sister. 穿红色衣服的女孩是他妹妹。 The building over there is the tallest in the town. 那边那幢大楼是这个城里最高的。 I like the music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。
2 表示双方都知道的或心中明白的人或物 例：Shut the door, please. 请关门。 Has he returned the book? 那本书他还了吗？ Take the blue one, it is cheaper. 拿那个蓝的，它便宜些。
3 第二次提到某人或某物第一次提到时用不定冠词，第二次提到时要用定冠词。 例：He saw a house in the distance. Jim's parents lived in the house. 他看见远处有一所房子，吉姆的父母就住在那所房子里。 There was once an old fisherman. The old fisherman had a cat. The cat was white. 从前有一个老渔夫。这个老渔夫有一只猫。这只猫是只白猫。
4 用在世界上独一无二的名词前 这类词有： the sun太阳, the earth地球, the moon月亮, the sky天空, the world 世界 例：The moon goes round the earth. 月亮绕着地球转。 There is not any cloud in the sky. 天空中没有一丝云彩。 It was a fine day in spring. The sun shone brightly. 这是一个晴朗的春日，阳光灿烂。 He is the richest man in the world. 他是世界上最富的人。
5 用在表示方向、方位的名词前 这类词有： the east东方，the west西方，the south南方，the north北方，the right右边，the left左边 例：The birds are flying to the north. 这些鸟向北方飞去。 The moon rises in the east and sets in the west. 月亮从东方升起，在西方落下。 The wind was blowing from the south. 风从南方吹来。 She lived to the west of the Summer Palace. 她住在颐和园的西边。 Walk along the road and take the first turning on the right. 沿着这条路往前走，在第一个路口往右拐。 He stood at the back of the door. 他站在门背后。 提示 :方位词成对使用构成平行结构时，不用定冠词。 例：The river is two thousand kilometers long from west to east. 这条河自西向2000公里长。 They traveled through the country from south to north. 他们自南向北在这个国家旅行。
6 用在形容词最高级前 例：Summer is the hottest season of the year. 夏天是一年中最炎热的季节。 She is the best person for the job. 她是最适合这个工作的人。 Hangzhou is one of the most beautiful cities in the world. 杭州是世界上最美的城市之一。 The car is the most expensive of the four. 这部车是四部车中最贵的。
7 用在序数词等前 定冠词用在序数词前，也用在表示序列的next, last等前，还有在表示“同一”或“唯一”等的词前。 例：The first man to land on the moon is an American. 第一个登上月球的人是美国人。 She was the fifth to climb to the top of the mountain. 她是第五个到达山顶的人。 This may be the last chance. 这可能是最后一次机会。 If I miss this train I'll catch the next one. 如果赶不上这趟火车，我就赶下一趟。 He is the only person who knows the secret. 他是唯一一个知道这个秘密的人。 The two coats are of the same colour. 这两件外衣颜色相同。 This is the very book I want. 这正是我要的书。（用very表示强调） 提示: a 序数词表示“又一”时，前面用不定冠词a(an) 例：He bought a second pair of shoes. 他又买了一双鞋。 He asked a question, then a second, then a third…他问了一个问题，又问了第二个，第三个…… b 序数词用作状语或表语时，前面不加定冠词。 例：George arrived first. 乔治第一个到。 =George was the first person to arrive. Jim and Jack are both second in the match. 汤姆和杰克在比赛中并列第二。
8 用在单数名词前表示一类人或物，强调整个类别 例：The orange is a kind of fruit. 橘子是一种水果。 The horse is a useful animal. 马是一种有用的动物。 The computer is important to us. 电脑对我们来说是重要的。 提示:不定冠词+单数名词，不带冠词的复数名词也可表示一类人或物。 例：A car runs faster than a bus. 小汽车比公交车跑得快。 Cars run faster than buses. A dog is a faithful animal. 狗是忠实的动物。 Dogs are faithful animals.
9 用在乐器名词前，表示演奏 例：She can play the piano. 她会弹钢琴。 He plays the violin very well. 他小提琴拉得很好。 He played the guitar for the children. 他给孩子们弹了吉他。 提示: 但乐器名词表示具体的器物，或表示课程时，不加the. 例：He bought a piano last month. 他上个月买了一架钢琴。 She taught piano in the school. 她在学校里教钢琴。
10 用在江河、海洋、湖泊、群岛、山脉的名称前例： the Yangtze River 长江 the Red Sea 红海 the West Lake 西湖 the Pacific 太平洋the Himalayas 喜马拉雅山 the Nile 尼罗河 the Rocky Mountains 落基山脉 the South China Sea 南中国海 提示: 例外的情况: Mount Tai泰山 China Daily《中国日报》
11 用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家名称、机关团体、阶级、等专有名词前 例：the Great Wall 长城 the United Nations 联合国 the New York Times 《纽约时报》 the United States of America 美国 the Red Cross Hospital 红十字医院the Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会 the Shanghai Railway Station 上海火车站 the People's Republic of China 中华人民共和国 the North Pole 北极 the People's Daily 《人民日报》
12 用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或物或某种抽象概念 例：the old 老年人 the happy 幸福的人 the poor 穷人 the aged 老人 the sick 病人 the impossible 不可能的事the young 年轻人 the rich 富人 the blind 盲人 the wounded 伤员 the smooth 顺事 the beautiful 美，美的东西 例:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。 The good is what people like. 人们总是喜欢美好的东西。 The wounded have been sent to the hospital. 伤员已经被送到医院去了。
13 用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或这一姓的夫妇二人 例：The Greens will more to the country. 格林一家要搬到乡下去。 The Wangs came to see us yesterday. 王家一家人昨天来看我们。 The Browns are very friendly. 布朗夫妇都很友好。
14 用在表示计算单位的名词前，含有“每，每一”的意思 例：Jim is paid by the hour. 吉姆的工资按小时付。 Eggs are sold by the kilogram. 鸡蛋按千克出售。 This cloth is sold by the yard. 这种布按码出售。 It sells at three dollars the pound. 它以每磅三美元出售。 They sell sugar by the pound. 他们按磅卖糖。
15 用在前面已提到过的人的身体部位或衣着的名词前 这种用法是先把整个对象说出来，然后再说到那个对象的身体的局部或衣着。 结构：动词(hit, pull, pat, strike, catch, hold, take)+sb.+介词(in, on, by, across)+身体部位或衣着 例：She touched him on the shoulder. 她碰了碰他的肩。 He took the girl by the hand. 他拉着小女孩的手。 He hit her on the nose. 他打了她的鼻子。 The stone struck the man in the eye. 石头击中了那人的眼睛。 I caught her by the right hand. 我抓住她的右手。 比较：她拍了拍那男孩的头。 She patted the boy on his head. （误，本结构中身体部位或衣着前不用one's） She patted the boy on the head. （正）
16 用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代，也指人的大约岁数 例：The war broke out in the forties. 那场战争发生在40年代。 He went abroad in the 1980s. 他在20世纪80年代出国的。 The old man is in the seventies. 老人大约七十几岁。
17 用在表示自然现象的名词前 这类名词有： the rain 雨，the wind风, the fog雾，the snow雪, the air空气, the storm风暴，the snowstorm 暴风雪 例：Don't stand in the rain. 不要站在雨中。 The wind blew down the trees. 风把树刮倒了。 The ship sank in the storm. 船在风暴中沉没了。 The rain has cleaned the air. 下雨净洁了空气。 The fog was so thick that we couldn't see the top of the hill. 雾很大，我们看不见山顶。 提示 a 这类名词前有形容词修饰时，可用不定冠词，表示“一场，一阵，一种” 例：A cold wind is blowing from the north. 冷风从北方吹来。 There was a heavy rain last night. 昨晚下了一场大雨。 A heavy snow is falling outside. 外面正下着大雪。 b 这类名词表示一般物质时，不用冠词。 例：R snow falls in winter. 夏天下雨，冬天下雪。 Man can't live without air. 没有空气人不能活。
18 与复数名词连用，指整个群体 例: They are the teachers of this school.指全体教师) They are teachers of this school.(指部分教师)
19 表示所有，相当于物主代词，用在表示身体部位的名词前 She caught me by the arm…… 她抓住了我的手臂。
20 用在某些习惯用语中 例： in the morning 在上午 in the evening 在晚上 in the field 在田野里 in the country 在乡间 in the sun 在阳光下 in the distance 在远处 on the right 在右边 by the way 顺便说一下 in the front of 在前部 in the daytime 白天 go to the concert 去听音乐会 at (/in) the beginning 开始 at the moment 当时，此刻 all the year round 一年到头 go to the cinema 去看电影 go to the theatre 去看戏 at the weekend 周末in the afternoon 在下午 in the night 在夜里 in the sky 在空中 in the dark 在暗处 in the rain 在雨中 in the shade 在阴凉处 on the left 在左边 all the time 始终 in the middle of 在中间 on the way home 回家途中 all the same 依然 on the whole 总之 at the same time 同时 on the plane 在飞机上 in the year 2008 在2008年 the other day 前几天 at the bottom of 在……底部 in the end 终于 on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面提示: 下面几个短语前不加定冠词： 例：at dawn 在黎明 at night 在晚上 at noon 在正午 at dusk 在黄昏the的固定用法:一、在表示方位和方向的名词前面，一般要加the。如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 二、在乐器名称前面要加the。如：play the piano。三、在形容词最高级或序数词之前一定要加the。如：the first，the best，等等。 四、表示全体总称（泛指）。名词或者形容词前加the，可表示该事物的全体，如：the poor指“穷人”。这一用法本身并不难，难在这一全体所表示的“数”上。在一开始所举的例子中，the lion指的就是这“一”类，表示的是单数的概念。但在下面这个例子中，the old又用单形表示了复数概念。 The old are apt to catch cold. 五、另外，定冠词the在固定词组中出现，需要多加注意，逐渐积累。如：to tell the truth, to go to the theatre, to keep the peace, with the exception of, in the morning……定冠词用法顺口溜：特指双熟悉，上文已提及； 世上独无二，序数最高级； 某些专有名，习语及乐器。 注：定冠词常用于以下几种情况： ①“特指”某个或某些人或物前。例如： The books on the desk are mine．书桌上的书是我的。 “双熟悉”指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物前。例如： Where is the teacher？老师在哪里？ ②上文已经提到的人或事物前。例如： I can see a cat．The cat is Lucy's．我能看见一只猫。那只猫是露茜的。 ③世界上独一无二的事物前。例如： The earth goes around the sun．地球围绕太阳转。 ④序数词或形容词最高级前。例如： September is the ninth month of the year．九月是一年中的第九个月。 Mike is the tallest of the three boys．迈克是三个男孩中最高的一个。 ⑤由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如：the Great Wall（长城），the People's Park（人民公园）等。 ⑥一些习惯用语中或乐器前。例如：in the day（在白天），play the piano（弹钢琴）等。 不用冠词的几种情况:下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前； 专有名词不可数，学科球类三餐饭； 复数名词表泛指，两节星期月份前； 颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。 注：①名词前已有作定语用的this，that，these，those，my，your，his，her，our，their，some等限定词。例如：this eraser，her pencil-box，some boxes，these women等。 ②泛指的不可数名词前一般不用冠词。例如：meat，rice，water，bread，tea，milk，juice等。 ③表示学科的名词前一般不用冠词。例如：Chinese，maths，English，physics，history等。 ④在三餐饭和球类运动前一般不用冠词。例如：have breakfast／lunch／supper，play basketball／football／volleyball／table tennis／tennis／pingpong等。 ⑤复数名词表示泛指时不用冠词。例如： His parents are both workers．他父母都是工人。 The people in the room are doctors．房间里那些人是医生。 ⑥季节、节日、星期、月份前不用冠词。例如：autumn，winter，Teachers' Day，Children's Day，Sunday，Wednesday，February，October等。 ⑦表示颜色、语种和国家的名词前不用冠词。例如：white，brown，French（法语），Japanese（日语），Australia，America（美国）等。 ⑧表示称呼语的名词之前以及职务、头衔的名词后也跟有名词时不用冠词。例如： What's wrong，Granny？老奶奶，怎么啦？ Doctor Green is a scientist．格林博士是位科学家。 &
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Take an interest in Indonesia - the rest will come
Australia is realising it needs to do more to engage with Indonesia, but is let down by a lack of cultural understanding. To change this, we must first take an interest, writes Catherine McGrath.It's been a light bulb moment... or perhaps a series of light bulbs.Australia is realising it can and wants to do more with Indonesia. During his trip to Jakarta and Bogor, Prime Minister Kevin Rudd emphasised that Australian business isn't doing enough to engage Indonesia."In two-way investment, Indonesia remains outside of Australia's top 10 partners," he said. "We do not need to look far to find opportunities to do better."Rudd says if he wins the election, he will lead a business delegation to Indonesia by the end of the year."I want Australia's best and brightest business minds engaging directly with their counterparts and making sure we fully unlock the potential of what is on offer."It raises the question of why Australia hasn't made this sort of effort before.Indonesia's economy is the 16th largest in the world and by 2030, it will be the seventh largest, surpassing Germany and the UK.Rudd suggests that if Australian business doesn't hurry, we are the ones who will miss out, noting that today Indonesia has "more billionaires than Japan, and more per capita than India or China".Sometimes Australians forget that Indonesia isn' it is the 4th most populous nation in the world.The Q&A program from Jakarta last week has probably done more in one hour than a series of diplomats and politicians would have been able to do in illustrating to an Australian audience that this is a fascinating country with a diverse and well educated population.The panel members were eloquent, entertaining and enlightened. Indonesians can be warm and engaging and have strong opinions too.Yenny Wahid, an Islamic activist and daughter of late former president Abdurrahman Wahid, said her country isn't uninterested in Australia, just busy with other priorities."We have a lot of things on our table. We have the poverty issue, we've got the corruption issues, we've got so many things, even separatist issues, all sorts of issues that really preoccupy our mind," she said."When it comes to neighbours we have got a more sensitive spot that we give to Malaysia and Singapore for example."For us, Australia, it is a neighbour you know but except for the East Timor issue people don't really pay attention to Australia."Jakarta Post editor in chief Meidyatama "Dimas" Suryodiningrat said the gaze of Indonesia isn't towards Australia but towards the north."We are always taught to look front up and centre. So it is only natural for Indonesians to look up and that means we don't look at what is behind us, do we."Australia talks a lot about "Asian engagement". After all, this has been dubbed the Asian century, but it seems that we as a country haven't been prepared to take the first steps.Business says Australian companies have been too slow to engage in Indonesia, two-way trade stands at only $15 billion.Mark Laurie from PricewaterhouseCoopers has worked in the region for most of his professional life and says Australia is being left behind."A lot of people are not seizing the opportunity of Indonesia. If you compare the number of companies from Australia dealing with Indonesia compared to the level of activity that Germany has with Indonesia, we are well behind in that regard."This week there are some significant new Australian initiatives, with the launch of the National Asia Capability Centre run by Asialink and based at the universities of Melbourne and New South Wales.At the launch in Canberra, Trade Minister Richard Marles and experts in the field discussed the lack of focus on Indonesia.Mark Laurie from PwC says there is a big knowledge gap on Asia: "I think cultural understanding is essential. I believe that comes before language skills. Equally, understanding the history of a country is very important."Marles said the trade relationship is "underdone", a situation he says he will work to change: "My focus will be on building a stronger trade and investment partnership with Indonesia."For me, as someone who has worked in south-east Asia and Australia, being "Asia capable" really starts with being "Asia interested", and I believe that is starting to happen in Australia. We need to know more about the societies, the culture, the fashions and even the fads. We need to try and understand our neighbours rather than judge them.It is no surprise that the Australian news media is more interested in our local news than in regional events. It is the same in Indonesia and elsewhere.But Australia has to catch up, or otherwise we will be stuck in a time warp.In the past we have been let down by an education system that hasn't put enough resources into language training. As a result, Bahasa Indonesia is hardly taught in Australia and still too few people speak Mandarin and languages like Thai and Vietnamese.Our cultural understanding of the neighbourhood is also poor. One of the announcements Kevin Rudd made in Indonesia was to fund the Lowy Institute by $10 million to engage in specialised regional research and dialogue.It was the Lowy Institute that recently reported that not only did Australians have lukewarm feelings towards I the majority of those surveyed .So with much work to be done, the Lowy Institute plans to launch an "Engaging Asia Project", which will look at a number of Asian countries starting with Indonesia.At Asialink, courses will be available for company executives, business people, students and others that will start to teach some of the history, customs and social norms of these countries.So ... you don't have to know much really to get started. The first step the rest will come.Catherine McGrath is the ABC's Asia Editor. View her full profile .
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