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复合句（Compound Sentence）分为并列复合句和主从或从属复合句，并列复合句是有：and、or、but连接；从属复合句由一个（Principal Clause)和一个或一个以上的(Subordinate Clause)构成。用作，是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；则是一个，不能独立存在。不能单独成句，但它也有部分和部分，就像一个句子一样。所不同在于，须由一个（connective）引导。 根据引导为主不同大大可分为：、、、、等。
从属复合句可分为：
1).（The Attributive Clause）；
2).（The Adverbial Clause）；
3).（The Noun Clause）；在句中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者。被修饰的名词、名词词组或叫做；
在和之间起连接作用的词叫做。
分为“”和“”。有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
有：when, where, why。 注意：里面没有how。
如果要修饰方式，用that或in which引导，或者不用。
I don’t like the way (不用.that, in which) he eyed me.
我不喜欢他看我的那个样子。关系代词who在中主要作，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的。
He is the man who wants to see you.
He is the man who I saw in the park yesterday.He is the man（whom）I saw in the park yesterday.
（whom在从句中作）whose 用来指人或物，（只能用作, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
Please pass me the book whose cover is green. （of which the cover/the cover of which）which指物，在从句中作或，作时在非正式语体中可以省略。
They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.
The farm (which) we visited yesterday is located in the suburb of Beijing.当在which和that面前进行选择的情况下，一般情况下要选which：
1.在中通常用which作，而不能用that做非限制性定语从句的引导词。
2. 修饰整个。
I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.
3. 修饰部分。
He can swim in the river, which I cannot.
They are all questions to which there are no answers.that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在中作主语或宾语。指物的时候多用that，也可用which。
It’s a question that (which) needs careful consideration.
（指物，作。）
Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?
（指人，作。）
The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Tom’s sister.
（指人，作，可省略。）在以下的情况中，只能用that作，而不能用which作引导词。
1.为all , everything, anything, nothing, little等时。
All(that)she lacked was training.
2.被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
3.被和the last修饰时
4.中既有人又有物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
5.是含有who或which的特殊，为了避免重复时通常由where, wherever 引导。
Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.通常由as, (just) as…so…, as if, as though引导。
1） as, (just) as…so…引导的通常位于后，但在(just) as…so…结构中位于句首，这时as从句带有比喻的含义，意思是&正如…&，&就像&，多用于正式文体，例如：
Always do to the others as you would be done by.
你希望人家怎样待你，你就要怎样待人。
As water is to fish, so air is to man.
我们离不开空气，犹如鱼儿离不开水。
Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
正如打扫房屋一样，我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
2） as if, as though
两者的意义和用法相同，引出的多用，表示与事实相反，有时也用陈述语气，表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作&仿佛……似的&，&好像……似的&，例如：
They completely ignore these facts as if (as though)they never existed.
他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它不存在似的。（与事实相反，用。）
He looks as if (as though)he had been hit by lighting.
他那样子就像被雷击了似的。（与事实相反，谓语用。）
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
看来天气很快就会好起来。（实现的可能性较大，用陈述语气。）
说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个短语、或无，例如：
He stared at me as if seeing me for first time.
他地看着我，就像第一次看见我似的。
He cleared his throat as if to say something.
他清了清嗓子，像要说什么似的。比较：because, since, as和for
1） because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题。当原因是的或已为人们所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2） 由because引导的如果放在句末，且前面有逗 号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.表示目的的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, in case等词引导，例如：
You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.常由so… that 或 such…that引导，掌握这两个，首先要了解so 和 such与其后的搭配规律。
比较：so和 such
其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是，只能修饰形容词或副词。 so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。
so foolish, such a fool
so nice a flower, such a nice flower
so many / few flowers, such nice flowers
so much / little money, such rapid progress
so many people, such a lot of people
（ so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such搭配。）
so…that与such…that之间的转换既为 so与such之间的转换。
The boy is so young that he can't go to school.
He is such a young boy that he can't go to school主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等。.
if 引导的有和两种。已在中阐述。
unless = if not.
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired.
If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.连接时间状语从句的连接词有：when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since...... 这里要注意一点的
是，如果主句是，从句只能用表示将来意义。though, although
注意：当有though, although时，后面的不能有but，但是 though 和yet可连用
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.
3) even if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe itornot, it is true.
5) &no matter +疑问词& 或&疑问词+后缀ever&
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替换：no matter what = whatever
no matter who = whoever
no matter when = whenever
no matter where = wherever
no matter which = whichever
no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引导和。
（错）No matter what you say is of no use now.
（对）Whatever you say is of no use now.(无论你说什么都是无用的）
你现在说什么也没用了。(Whatever you say是)
（错）Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given,
（对）Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given. 囚犯们只能给什么吃什么。1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。
Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me.
2）当的动作发生于动作之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或 while。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.
3）从句表示&随时间推移&能用as，不用when 或while。
As the day went on, the weather got worse.
日子一天天过去，天气越变越坏。这两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是&做某事直至某时&，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是&直至某时才做某事&。动词为延续性或非延续性都可 以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。
2)Until when中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying? 你呆到什么时候？
---Until next Monday. 呆到下周一。
注意：可用另外两种句式表示。
(1)Not until …在句首，用。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。
(2) It is not until… that…
10 表示&一…就…&的结构
hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than 和as soon as都可以表示&一…就…&的意思，例：
I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.
I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.
As soon as I got home, it began to rain.
注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构：
Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.在中充当成分的句子叫做主语从句。常规，即句子在中充当一个主语。主语从句的：不受主句的时态影响和限制。（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.（4）Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.（6）Whatever you did is right.（7）Who the watch belongs to is unknown.（8）What we need is time.（9）What we need are good doctors.小结:（1）引导从句有that,whether,who,what,whatever等（2）位于句首不能省略（3）从句大多数情况下视为，但也有例外，如例（9）
注意： 当what引导的名词性分句作主语时，问题极为复杂。著名学者教授在论文《关于what-分句作主语的主谓一致问题》中就这一问题做了深入研究，并给出了10种的主谓一致关系。这些一致关系值得英语学习者和使用者特别注意。·
在句子中起作用的叫做。的和的相同。可以作的宾语，作的宾语，的宾语。
·：的宾语
Everybody knows that money doesn't grow on trees.
·：短语动词的宾语
Please go and find out when the train will arrive.
·：介词的宾语
I am interested in what she is doing.
·：否定的转移
I don't suppose you're used to this diet.
我想你不习惯这种饮食。
表语从句（The Predicative Clause）
在句子中起表语作用的叫做。的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。
What the police want to know is when you entered the room.
This is what we should do.
That's why I want you to work there.
as if, as though, because也可用来引导。
She seems as if she had done a great thing.
It is because you eat too much.
是idea, notion, proposal, suggestion, request等名词时,作的动词为原形动词或should+原形动词。
My suggestion is that we (should) go and help him.
Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.
同位语从句（The Appositive Clause）
· 同位从句一般跟在某些名词如answer(答案)，hope(希望)，fact(事实)，belief (信仰)，news(消息)，idea(主意；观念)，promise(承诺)，information(信息)，conclusion(结论)，order(命令)， suggestion(建议)，problem(问题)，thought (想法)等后面。例如：
I had no idea that you were here.
She told us her hope that she would become a pianist.
He made a promise that he would never come late.
·：whether
whether可以引导，而不能用whether作为。
He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.
I have small doubt whether he is suitable for the job.
what可以引导同位语从句，而定语从句不能用what作为
I have no idea what he is doing now.
how可以引导同位语从句，而不能用how作为
It’s a question how he did it
新手上路我有疑问投诉建议参考资料 查看当前位置：
＞＞＞句型转换。1. I think he can speak English well. (变为否定句..
句型转换。
1. I think he can speak English well. (变为否定句)&&&&&I ________ think he ________ speak English well.2. My sister does her homework on Sundays. (一般疑问句)&&&&________ yours sister ________ her homework at home on Sundays.3. Danny gave a very good report on Europe. (对画线部分提问)&&&&________ ________ a very good report on Europe. 4. There is much cloud today. (改写同义句)&&& ________ ________ today. 5. He will come home after eight o'clock. (用not…until 改写)&& &He ________ come home ________ eight o'clock.
题型：句型转换难度：中档来源：期末题
1. don't can& 2. Does, do& 3. Who gave &4. It's cloudy& 5. won't, until
马上分享给同学
据魔方格专家权威分析，试题“句型转换。1. I think he can speak English well. (变为否定句..”主要考查你对&&宾语从句，疑问代词，一般将来时，从属连词，一般疑问句&&等考点的理解。关于这些考点的“档案”如下：
现在没空？点击收藏，以后再看。
因为篇幅有限，只列出部分考点，详细请访问。
宾语从句疑问代词一般将来时从属连词一般疑问句
宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句连接代词主要有：who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等。 宾语从句的特点:1.宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。2.宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。3.连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义，不充当句子成份，多数情况下可以省略。4.whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句，但 whether后可紧跟or not；whether从句可作介词的宾语。5.如果从句太长，可以用形式宾语it.
宾语从句的时态:1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。例句：The headmaster hopes everything goes well.2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.3.当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.4.&如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。&宾语从句的语序:A. 宾语从句必须用陈述语序。 　　 False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job. 　　 Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. B. 有时候可以用it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语从句放在后面。 　　　 Bad: I thought that he could finish this　job in just two hours impossible. 　　 Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two&hours.　&C. 带有宾语从句的复合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。 Bad: I think he doesn’t like the English teacher. 　　 Good: I don’t think he likes the English teacher.&D.&&主句一般过去时态，从句也要用过去时态。 False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner. 　　 Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner
宾语从句的否定转移: 主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等。并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时，从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party. 我认为他不会来我的舞会. I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是? 如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课，是不是? 宾语从句中引导词的用法比较在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if代词：who, whose, what ,which副词：when ,where, how, why 等。（一）that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）1.可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagine, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。例句：The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.注意事项：当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。例句：I don’t think it is right for him to treat you like that.2.在以下情况中that不能省略a.当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。例句：He said (that) you were too young to understand the matter and that he was asked not to tell you.b.当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。例句：Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.c.当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。例句：I can’t tell him that his mother died.d.注:许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。例句：I find it necessary that we should do the homework on time.（二）由whether,if 引导的宾语从句1.由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。意思是“是否”。宾语从句要用陈述句语序。一般说来，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。例句：I wonder whether(if) they will come to our party.2.只能用whether，不能用if引导的宾语从句a.在带to的不定式前例句：We decided whether to walk there.b.在介词的后面例句：I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.c.在动词后面的宾语从句时例句：We discussed whether we had a sports meeting next weekd.直接与or not连用时例句：I can’t say whether or not thet can come on time.3.只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句a.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”例句：The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny.b.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时例句：He asked if I didn’t come to school yesterday.c.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时例句：He talks as if he has known all about it.
if,whether在宾语从句中的区别 a.if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if b.少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.&c. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. d.在不定式前只能用whether. （如：I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。） e.避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.（三）连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。1.英语中的连接代词有：who,whom,whose,which,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。例句：Can you tell me whom you are waiting for?2.英语中的连接副词有：when,where,why,how，在句中担任状语的成分。例句：None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.简化宾语从句常用六法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon.→Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window.→She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ →Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us.→He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesn’t know when and where he was born.→The poor boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →I found it difficult to learn English well.Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. →Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy&疑问代词：疑问代词在句中起名词的作用，用来构成疑问句。常用的疑问代词有：　　&what, who, whose, whom, which, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 　　 疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有词性和数的变化，除who之外也没有格的变化。&what, which, whose还可作限定词。 Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion?美国的领土扩张是朝哪个方向的？What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States? 哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：指　人： who, whom, whose指　物： what既可指人又可指物： which疑问代词说明：一、无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和 what 所指的范围不同。what所指的范围是无限的，而which则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls do you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？
二、Whom是who的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用who代替，但在介词后只能用whom, 例如：Who(m) did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who(m) are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用who取代。）
三、疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）
四、疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I can't make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。疑问代词用法：1. 疑问代词有who, whom, whose, which和what, 都是用来构成疑问句的：Who is calling? 谁打电话来？Whom do you want to speak to? 你想找谁接电话？作主语时用who，作宾语时用whom，在口语中用who作宾语时也不少：Who did you mean? 你指的是谁？Who are you talking about? 你们在讲谁？直接跟在介词后时只能用whom：With whom did you come? 你和谁一道来的？(口语中说“Who did you come with?时更多一些。)2. 其他三个疑问代词可用作：1)主语：What’s your address? 你的地址怎样写？Whose is better? 谁的好一些？Which of these is yours? 哪一本是你的？2)宾语：What do you mean? 你是什么意思？Which do you like better? 哪一个你更喜欢一些？Whose have you chosen? 你选了谁的？3)表语：What’s her name? 她叫什么名字？Whose is it? 这是谁的？4)定语(这样用时有些字典标作形容词)：What time does the train leave? 这列火车什么时候离开？Which room shall we stay in? 我们住哪间房？Whose passport is this? 这是谁的护照？一般将来时：表示将来某一时刻的发生动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常的动作或状态。 一般句型有:肯定句：I/We shall/will go. You/He/She/They will go.否定句：I/We shall/will not go. You/He/She/They will not go.疑问句：Shall I/we go? Will you/he/she/they go?简略回答：（肯）Yes,主语shall/will (否) No,主语 shall/will not特殊疑问句：一般将来时的特殊疑问句是将疑问词放在句首，后接一般疑问句（就主语提问时，以疑问词who开头的疑问词除外）Why will you be here on Sunday?（周日你为什么将要在这儿？）I will have a meeting on Sunday（我将要在周日举行一个聚会）（对特殊疑问句要进行具体回答）一般疑问句：be或will提到句首，some改any,and改or，第一二人称互换We are going to go on an outing this weekend.Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?被动句：will/shall+be+v.ed(及物动词过去分词）The letter will be sent tomorrow.这封信明天将寄出去We shall be punished if we break the rule.如果我们违反规定，我们将受到惩罚。一般将来时的构成:1. 用will或shall表示 　　 “助动词will或shall＋动词原形”这一形式，表示将来发生的事情，用于征求对方的意见或表示客气的邀请。在口语中will用于所有人称，书面语中第一人称常用shall，如： 　　 ①Tomorrow will be Sunday. 明天就是星期天。 　　& ②The rain will stop soon. 雨很快就要停了。 　　& ③Shall we go there at five? 我们五点钟去那儿，好吗？ 　　 ④Will you please open the door? 请你把门打开，好吗？ 　　 2. 用be going to结构表示 　　&“be going to＋动词原形”用来表示近期或事先考虑过的将要发生的动作以及已有迹象 表明必将发生某事，意为“打算；就要”。如： 　　& ①We’re going to meet outside the school gate. 我们打算在校门口见面。 　　& ②Look! It's going to rain. 瞧！快下雨了。 　　 3. 用现在进行时表示 　　 表示位置转移的动词（如：go, come, leave, start, arrive等），可用现在进行时表示将来时。如： 　　 ①Uncle Wang is coming. 王叔叔就要来了。 　　 ②They’re leaving for Beijing. 他们即将前往北京。 　　 4. 用一般现在时表示 　　 根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作，在时间和条件状语从句中，都可用一般现在时表示将来时。如： 　　 ①The new term starts (begins) on August 29th. 新学期八月二十九日开学。 　　& ②If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go out for a picnic. 如果明天不下雨，我们将出去野餐。 　　 5. 用“be＋动词不定式”或用“be about to ＋动词原形”的结构表示，如： 　　 ①He is to visit Japan next year. 明年他将访问日本。 　　& ②They’re about to leave. (=They’re leaving.) 他们就要走了。be going to与will的区别：be going to与will两者都可表示将要发生的事、将要去做某事，但它们有如下几点区别：1. be going to 表示近期、将要发生的事情，will 表示的将来的时间则较远一些，如：He is going to write a letter tonight.He will write a book one day.2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情，will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。He is seriously ill. He is going to die.He will be twenty years old.3. be going to 含有“计划，准备”的意思，而 will 则没有这个意思，如：She is going to lend us her book.He will be here in half an hour.4.在有条件从句的主句中，一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如：If any beasts comes at you, I'll stay with you and help you
shall和will区别：1.shall和will常常缩写成'll，紧接在主语之后。其否定式 shall not 和will not 的缩写式分别为 shan't 和 won't。基本句型:be to表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事。后+动词原形。be about to+动词原形，意为马上作某事，不能与tomorrow,next week等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。2.will和shall在句子中所表达的“意志”是不同的，当句子主语是第一人称（I）的时候表示的是主语 I 的自主“意志”。例：I will be clear tomorrow . 我会把这件事弄个水落石出分析：这个句子中用will时，主语 I(我） 就带有强烈的意志，意思是我想让事情水落石出，并且有我会为此付诸努力的意思。3.当第一人称，用shall的时候就是一个普通的句子，就没有主语的意志。I shall come back in ten minutes .这句话就是单纯的说 我会在10分钟后回来 没有别的意思I will come back in ten minutes. 而这句话就有一种意境上的不同。我会在10分钟后回来，其中的意思还有，就算我有事耽搁了我也会想办法在10分钟后回来的意思4.shall在第二 、三人称时也和will在第一人称一样。也只有在二三人称才带有意志，只不过shall带有的是“说话者”的意志。而不是主语的意志。如：he shall be rewarded. 他会得到回报分析这句话更深度的意思，我说过在shall用在第二三人称时有强烈的“说话者”的意志。而这句话的“说话者”意志就是 他会得到回报，就算他没有得到回报“说话者”也会想办法让“he”得到回报。一般现在时的用法:基本用法：（1）一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。例如：I will(shall) arrive tomorrow.我明天到。（主语是第一人称时最好用shall）Will you be free tonight? 你今晚有空吗？We won’t (shan’t) be busy this evening. 我们今晚不忙。（2）在一般将来时的句子中，有时有表示将来时间的状语，有时没有时间状语，这时要从意思上判断是否指未来的动作或情况。例如：Will she come? 她（会）来吗？（3）在以第一人称I或we作主语的问句中，一般使用助动词shall，这时或是征求对方的意见(a)，或是询问一个情况(b)：a. Where shall we meet? 我们在哪儿碰头？b. Shall we have any classes tomorrow?明天我们有课吗？在这类问句中，近几年来也有不少人用will，特别是在美国。例如：How will I get there? 我怎么去？（4）be going to+ 动词原形a.表示计划、打算、准备做的事。例如：We are going to put up a building here.我们打算在这里盖一座楼。How are you going to spend your holidays?假期你准备怎样过？b.表示即将发生或肯定要发生的事。例如：I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪了。其他用法：一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，其表达形式除了“shall（第一人称），will（第二、三人称）+动词原形构成”外，还有以下几种形式。一．“be going to+动词原形”表示即将发生的或打算进行的事。例如：①It is going to rain. 要下雨了。②We are going to have a meeting today. 今天我们开会。二．go， come，start，move，sail，leave，arrive，stay，live,fly,等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作（行进式动词）。例如：I'm leaving for Beijing.三．“be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如：①Are we to go on with this work?我们继续干吗？②The boy is to go to school tomorrow.这个男孩明天要去上学。四．“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作，意为：很快，马上。后面一般不跟时间状语。例如：We are about to leave.我们马上就走。五．某些词，如come， go， leave， arrive， start， get， stay ，live,fly等的一般现在时也可表示将来。①The meeting starts at five o'clock.会议五点开始。②He gets off at the next stop.他下一站下车。六。“be due to"构成的谓语，意味“定于…”也可表示将来时。主将从现:主将从现是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，如果主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时。主将从现常见的有以下四种情况：一、时间状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。如： When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients.我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。二、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时如：Don’t laugh at me when I make a mistake.我犯错误的时候不要笑话我。三、如果主句是含有情态动词的一般现在时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时如：You should be quiet when you are in the reading room.在阅览室时应保持安静。四、 如果if的条件状语从句遇到变换间接和直接时 , 祈使句应用not　to....如:She said not to close the window常见的时间状语从句的连词有：as soon as,when,while ,as,until等主将从现说的是在含有时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句的时态是一般将来时，那么从句要用一般现在时。例如：I will tell him about it when he comes.If it is fine tomorrow, we will go outing.如果主句的时态是过去将来时，那么从句要用一般过去时。例如：He said that he would have another try if he had the chance.I knew he could help me if he was free the next day.主要标志有：if 、unless 、until、 when 、as soon as从属连词：这种连词是用以引导名词性从句定语从句和状语从句的，由从属连词所引导的句子叫从句,而含有从句的句子叫作复合句。从属连词可分为三大类：1、that （无词义，不做成分）if，whether （表达是否的意义，但不做句子成分）2、连接代词：who，whom，whose，what，which，whatever, whoever, whichever（有词义，在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语）3、连接副词：when，where，why，how，how many，how long，how far，however，whenever，wherever （有词义，作从句的状语）
用法：从结构上说，英语连接词分两大类：并列连词和从属连词。 并列连词连接两个或两个以上地位平等的字、词组或分句。例如：(1) Air and water are indispensable to me. 　　(2) She likes going out with friends or playing outdoor games. 　　(3) Most workers have a good income, so they look very happy. 　　从属连词连接两个或两个以上的分句，形成复杂句中的从属分句。例如： 　　(4) He said that he did not want to go . 　　(5) Many things have happened since I last saw him. 　　(6) You may come if you want to. 　　从属连词用来连接各种从句。until(till)直到，在用until表达时间状语的句子中，主句中的动词是要十分小心去选择的。如动词是持续行动词，它要用肯定句，如：I studied hard until 12 o'clock last night.如果动词是瞬间截止性动词，则要用否定句，如:He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.由since,for,by,before, 来引导的时间状语从句。since 引导的时间状语是动作的开始时间，如:I have studied English since 1990.而by引导的时间状语通常是动作的结束时间，如：I had learned 25 English songs by the end of last term.从属连词语法分类：
引导原因状语从句
Because, since
引导条件状语从句
If, unless, as long as
引导目的状语从句
引导结果状语从句
引导方式状语从句
As, just as, as if
引导让步状语从句
Though, although, even though, no matter what, however, no matter how, whoever, no matter who, wherever, no matter where
引导比较状语从句
As…as, not so…as, than, less…than, the more…the more
引导名词性从句
Who, whom, whose, which, that, when, where, why一般疑问句：是疑问句的一种。通常用yes，no来回答的疑问句叫做一般疑问句。口语中若无特殊含义，句末用升调。 其结构是：系动词be/助动词/情态动词＋主语＋其他成分？　 通常回答为： 　　 肯定：Yes+主语+提问的助动词 　　 否定：No+主语+提问的助动词+not&例如： Are you from Japan?&& Yes, I am.／No, I'm not. Do you live near your school?　Yes, I do.／No, I don't.&Can you speak French? 　Yes, I can.／No, I can't. 一般疑问句的特性：1．将陈述句变为一般疑问句时，如句中有be 动词（am/ is/ are）时，可直接将它们提至主语前。如主语为第一人称，应将其改为第二人称。如：I'm in Class 2Grade 1． →Are you in Class 2Grade 1﹖We're watching TV． →Are you watching TV﹖2．陈述句中有情态动词（can、may、must …）时，也可直接将它们提至主语前，即可成为一般疑问句。如：He can swim now． →Can he swim now﹖The children may come with us． → May the children come with us﹖3．陈述句中只有一个实义动词作谓语且其时态为一般现在时，变为一般疑问句时要在句首加do或does主语后的实义动词用原形。如：I like these animals． →Do you like these animals﹖She wants to go to the movies． → Does she want to go to the movies﹖4．一般疑问句一般读升调(↑)5．一般疑问句有时不用yes或 no 回答。如：Are they in town now﹖I think so.May I sit here﹖Certainly．Does he like soccer﹖Sorry I don't know．6. 一般疑问句的第一单词总是虚词,读的时候要读轻声。陈述句变为一般疑问句技巧：根据一般疑问句不同的家族，可以用不同的方法将陈述句变为相应的一般疑问句。1、第一家族：含be动词或情态动词的句子秘诀：一调二改三问号一调：即把句中的be或情态动词调到主语前；二改：改换主语称谓，即将句中的主语I\my \mines\we\our\ours等。第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称you\your\ yours等；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。如：Eg. I am an English teacher.&&& →&&& Are you an English teacher?Eg. We can speak English fluently.&& →&&& Can you speak English fluently?2、第二家族：含行为动词（或称为实义动词）的句子秘诀：一加二改三问号一加：即在句首加助动词Do或Does；二改：1、把谓语动词改为原形；2、改换主语称谓（同第一家组）；三问号：句末的句号改为问号。Eg. We read English every morning. → Do you read English every morning?Eg. Tom’s father listens to English on the radio every evening. →Does Tom’s father listen to English on the radio every evening?特别注意：对于第二家族一定要注意动词的还原，因为时态与数的变化已经体现在助动词上了。3、加强记忆口诀：肯变一，并不难，can 或be提在前；谓语若为行为动，do 或does句首用。
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