SlI AM MEEDl CARE翻译中文是什么?

对外经济贸易大学 硕士学位论文

業:处国透直坐鏖廛用语直堂 者;盟澎 师:煎室洼

写作时间:2QQ§!!Q二2Q妲:生

对外经济贸易大学 英语学院

在备种文本当中.窪重形式韵文学可以说是翻译当中一个难点.根据功能翻译学耀的目的理论文学 翻译的目的主要是保持原文的形式美。而基想传种而又准确地在译文中重现原文的形式不仅需要对两种语 言以及文化的糟避有时还需蔓译者进行剖造性的发挥.而修辞手法的盛用也是小说彤式韵重要组成部分。 汉语和英语修辞手法既有相同之处在用法和特点上又有所区别.在翻译的过程中璺遵守动态对等的原则 方面要把修辭手法的再现作为翻译优先考虑的困素,但另一方面也要考虑到语言在表达和文化上的差异 以确保译文能棼符合译入语的表达习惯. 本文鉯钱钟书的‘圉城)中、英文版本为蜘对文车中常用的六种修辞手法加以分类,并从语言学角 度对其构成机制予以说明从而为不同修辭手法的翻译提供了一个合理的语言形成的基础.此外,本文选 出了一些烧够反映典型何是的中英文倒句并从巷辞翻译的角度进行对比和丼析拽出译文所存在的不是并 加以修正,以期能够为皓辞的翻译提供一些具有参考价值的材料.最后.针对翻译中出现的问题本文对 具体的应对策略进行了概括的总结.

关键词:修辞翻译。形式对辱钱钟书,圈城

Among differcnt According

ty pesfom.focIIscd Jiterary Iex£S

di伍cunt0 translale?

of Iiterary lnnslation is skopos Iheory of tfansIation“fllnct如nausm,Ihc skopos

maintain the

e鲰t of sou吼texts

in协rget tcxts.T0 achieve this窖0allranslators


cuKu‘es that

fequired not only to

have缸cx∞U鲫t comm锄d ofbo出l柚glIages and也e

exert簟eat iⅡ丑uence over山e laⅡguages,but als0


adoption of丘gures Of sp∞ch

shaw lheir c弛atiVi【y iIl some cas髂?Tl地


forIIl 0f litcrary

is卸import柚t

c0唧_0sing me

ce埘nfeatⅢ%协commonbe坩een蚓曲姐d oinese


distinctive蛔tures
eqUivalenl Wi£lI

figurcs of spcechtbey is to keep tlle

have thcir fespective


lar卫et text

weU.When仃锄sla£ing,t量Ie principlc

tl'e咖嘟te】【t:on

lhe彻c h卸dpriorjty

the reproduction 0f丘gIIres 0f sPeech;on tbe o也ef

reproduction of 69Ⅱre8

0t sDeechbYnome叩s shomdviol缸e

pfa蕊cesand孽卸mIat记啦mIesofta唱etlan印age?

Chine∞and EngI{sh vcrsi彻s

of而街懿占鄙f昭喊也is

thesis髓t。gonzes

thc mech卸ism commonlv used丘gllres of speech and explains linguistic

Ihem打om Ihe

meor毗c出.basls

conc蜘曲g也e协曲撕on《五guteS砸印e8ch

cstablish羽.MoreoveL呻i删Chinese龃d

ex锄pIes肿seledcd加d卸aly嚣d

comparatively'rcvisio衄哪de


wich regard

fo衄也Finauya

gcne叫s㈣强mad。

specific stra魄如s

be adopted.

tr蛆sIamⅡof姆l瑚of

equjValeⅡce; ch’ien

Chung.8hu;№

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

tllat naw this thesis is accomplished

condIlsion of wha【I haVe lcarIled

yeafs Of my post graduate progfam.n is omy the enthusi鹤tic

hdp蛐d Valuable

expenise幽佗d by my supcⅣi∞f'Profe婚0r J如阮柚口o that makcs the accomplishIIlent of

thesis删ble.I

he枷elt乎atiludc


attainrncnt.

hilnwho spar鹊no effort in

eIIliglltening

aIld inst邝cting us、^,ith his

into translation and

enlditi0Ⅱin础thodology

sh俏煳髂躯a∞le model in蚴demic


masterpieoeo脚嚣8es妇耐deserve my孕atefDlness


h哪ofous l蛆g峨ge that made
me deterInined

is the dcHcate丘gllres of speech柚d

of speech? mysclf to the study of 11le translation of丑gures

alsowould№to e耻豁my appred撕oⅡtowards myfamily’whichhas alwaysbeenofmy


sho稍孕eat∞ncem

supp0丸My mum

overⅡIe,which

me to put越l

ef60rts in the、Ⅳriting.

Finall弘1 wollld like

pfovi曲喀co璐岫lctive sllg鲈snon

April 192006

of Speech in

mranslating肋,由Tss曰船趣g耐

Lit盯ary translaIion is ta:ken

di衢cundem卸ding

and po骚ibly rewarding

aU廿anslati咖s

due to Ihe fact thaI山e featllfes of l“emry texts exhibited ill ingenious figIlres

0f sp∞clI,deliberate wDrding

and鲥ginal埘柚gement

s叽ct叫eall of

style servillg certain aesthetic purpose,are embedded with linguistic poinIs alld culturaI

back印und咄毗totllesourceLan昏塘ge(sL)thatisVery diffi礎tobetr趿妣“edinto me


nrgct伽目城gc crL).11lere have b∞n

re∞砌%on王itemry translation

study衄the劬mslati∞0f figllr酷of

e饪啦oyed iII litefary£exts.F.gllrcs of


texts.On the

speechan ilnportant pan of fhet西c,郴丽dely IIsed iIl

indispen蚰bie fbnna王eiements afId sfrengtIIen

the expressive e丘bct and a鸭thetic Value of literary

the oth虹har旧however,也ey

also like da玎gcf0鸺他efs ill thc∞a

of咖shdon intoⅥ血ich咖sI咖rs啦en hock

ships(tr明slated wofb)d狮aged(defccted).

b∞ad髓senseis

the aft of tlle ar£of

expre镐}ve speech

dis【Ⅺu璐e,pIincipIes粕d mlcs 0f

Htenry伽pos城仰and,0f

pmct毗of wfinng

a眦ans ofommunication她怕f persuasion

1itemry e矗奄d.1n this 11l髓is,howeVefJ the s∞se of rhetoric wnl be

na玳1wed downtothc art锄d pradicc

ofwriting淞a鹏柏s

of咖叫i∞n∞悄th sp哪al


is娟恤n te】她《litefar)r

oonc唧s蕾皤Iiterary e西巴c【giv叽that what 1Ⅳi:Il be di∞ussed

L丑nguagcis amir】for 0fthe

s倒丘c锄t sensc.nis

product ofhu扛蛆n

intelligence,crcated anew in each individ口al by op盯ati咖s that 1ie f壮beyond tIle wm

consdousn嘴.(aloms虹1975p.34)T1Iis

demo邶拄ates de盯ly how dosely

l粕gIla驴is co衄ected

with nlind.Fig叮es of speech,no matter IIscd In spoken 1aIlgllage

l矾gIIagefIlⅡction鹅me柚s

achieVe thc purpo∞of

c6咖unication.This prescribes

that they wiu be of∞rvice to the instnlaions dictated by mind t0 communicalc with purposes and thus will be llndertremendous iIInuence of mind.Minds,howcVeL

l蛳guage.H1瓶她Ininds


di妇}er如t in tc咖s

s础la血ies in∞鲫itive modelsbul they

0f tllinHng style

iIlnuence of di由£ercnt舳tufal

enVironments勰d

cultural b{圮kgrounds.

comes contrastiVe rhetoric'which irIlo TT

haIld explains why il seems the aesthecic

inIpl龃t矗g盯es of印∞ch

while眦intailling

e虢ct锄d inte埘on

adoptiⅡg them in

h卸d,provides璐研th

suggestio璐飙d0r tIints


of丘gllres of

lhat廿&璐latofs wiu be abIe

attenti叽Io the mmSlati锄


I(apl姐’s(1966)舭ticle

speech.M0d啪contrastiVe

o触阳f刀loⅡ班忍蜘懈跏肺er_cⅡ地r4f E出∞砌I,.m


wri£ing fouⅡd抽intema潒mal des汀ibcd.B舔ed

which血e several pa壮erIls of

stude吣’English

academic es髓ys were i小心s垃gated姐d nBmber 0f

exaInination of

intemabonal stlldentshis丘nding was that iⅡtemadonaI students whOse natiVe langu89es were

displaycd fhetorical

unlike those of na廿Ve

En酉iSh speaker

stIldents.As

resllIt,he culIuraIly

prDpos酣mat peoplc from d调hem c11ltIl陀s thought

and wrote by

l喇c(K印laII'Roben B1966,p.1一卿.

缸categ砸z酣by l(atha血a

m脑k砌l删如咖一强e p枷砌b&

工拥lf4l如嬲(2004,p31)l“眦fy


dements c0IlsdollSly

unconsdously for

speci丑c aestllctic o丘ect.k IiteraI)r

transl“oⅡ,the f0咖al componcms

flIDction not mercly猫a

mea雎0f咖m仰i髓吐ng mc

artis此stnlctlIrc'but als0卸aesthetic value.ThereforeIr蛐slators,whcn tr蛆slating


textsmIlst丘nd柚姐a10901ls
fonn in the tnle

corrcsponding impression,so

the“彻sjatj叩can

equjval删t.As卸inlpoftanl fb曲al cmponem 0f

tr柚sla虹0n 0f figl】∞s 0f speech is

exceptional

circumstance.

FD脚韶丑嚣i号占甜姐d

translated魄tby

and N砒han K―

Maois chosen asthe subjec£of my

studyin岫1)触ionis alite卿如吼wheretigu‘锚d

sDeech撒commonly

adoptedboth

a鹪thetic value,1nvo王【ing gfeal

en{ovment f如m readers锄d indi∞te in

subne maIulef authof’s intentiOn?Tllis means more

c吼befou“onthe

of触ional啪slation?2)觚胁ie列i8


briIIlming witll ingcnious

considefed devised of

of the best modem lhat

hum邮umquely

mtaphors,h”erb01es

in姆in昏眦ensⅣe employ咄nt

also presents with its cornbined wi如sevcral矗gllres of speech thcse

hleidDscomc world of rheIo此.While

0f great aesmetic Valuethey a】so makc 1t

ven,d嘲cuI‘for

reb血d矾a1090us

f0邮in竹so tha¨鹕et

readefs may

铘e暾nce她镪汹嘴嫩鹾appm撼gthcscfe眦坞sm哑西删蚴姆J髓哪Keny


姐dNa也锄K.Maois血e only English
won extcnsive

Version删IilaMe sofaLThough

rcco印i60璐at homc and abfoad,so硼【c

trallsIated 8egment5

gra嘲a垃cal orⅡot cl嘲ply魄winllhe啦le ofs删∞e Text(∞?觚划舛cal 8眦yon


of丘gIlr髓ofSpeech sb丑ll

tIIe composition

0flingl】i幽cscunmIe and

thcsis pllilosoptli∞l tllought iⅡthis in

mat possible

that hiⅡdcr succe鼯fIll translaⅡon

t锄s of fi{;ures 0f speech in

may be fo强d and ca£e{prized?Hopefll址y,some relanve

ロractical will

be Pm、dded and

t啪slation mom in acordan∞们th

Chapter l LiteratIIre ReView and

Metllodology

TIIis stIldy is conducted丘Dm山e pefspecliVe ofⅡtefary translation in

speech.1here五筐e,rhetorical theodes w_ill be印pUed幻define and demarcate subjeds studied.compositional m优h翘isⅡ塔0f

di觑rent矗glIres


scientific柚d

be anaJ)俚ed in dose

c0曲ection w沛lingllistic

systelnatic cxplananons caIl be made

abo毗the dif6ercnccs betw∞n丘gIlres of speech

I锄gIlagcs.The fIlfldionalequivalent


for the assessment 0f

tmsIa吐on wm wmk

of瞄nng cmcria

translatiOns.

1.1.1 Po骚ibmty

(’hineSe and

of didlerentlaIlgIlage systems.Tremendous gaps e姐scbetween tllem of word

in tcrms of word

composnion,ch缸ges

f0眥syntactic

and word ordeL

Though thc practicc debates over

of仃甜略蜥蚀h撼been in e硝sten∞for oVef烈,Clo ye哪duriI鸣山at t王me,

be adoptcd iⅡtlle p阳cti∞have

ccased.As w勰claimcd by

勋dc仃anslation


the leVel 0f

basj∞Ⅱy possjble oIlly№∞潞e出ere

be咐ecⅡl卸glIag皓伽


ill Reiss’s

kn弘P 0勰gllage弱a systeIn)(鼬de,1964p.137鼯listed

uniVersally

thac it is di丘iclIIt t0

t咖slate,especiaⅡy

wheⅡlitcrary

concemed.FIDm

Iinguisdc point of vieW’lite豫ry l粕guage is defined硒de“ant nDm me

of everyday communi∞tion Or够the creative

of the potential Of the l姐guagc

syslem against which饼dinary langIlage literary l卸g岫gc has whjch may jndjcate in

fepfe∞n瞧a reduction.1t is deafly assuIned that

o咖otatiVeexpressive叫a鹪thclic meani】唱《i协awn’


jⅡteD6彻or in【钮“0ns.FiglIres 0f印eech,勰a

sUblJe way the autllor’s

IangIlage―embellislIing toolare comr∞Illy uscd iIl

lit咄y l粕gIlage

rein】;0rce the aesm砸c

value aIld,very oftenalS0 to convey me autllor’s

intemions.例na柚d

English.speaking

countries have Very

di此删n histories,c咖~entionsliving

cnvifo哪ents觚d


understandirIg,all of which

renected in di丘色rent choices of

and o‘hcr丘gurcs of

speech?IrI addition

thismc words llsed jn

Chjn嚣e卸d En91jsh

word collocation;words

oftcn can’t丘nd山eir

identically equivalen£me姐ings in tllc ocher.As a∞sult,ill Cllinese卸d Englishthcre

figures sharing similar natu亿that

di丘erent in stnldllfe柚d/or contems in which

be used.Desp“e all these still

di伍clllncs,most丘g盯es

of speedl置陀quently adopted iil Chin鹤e

find theif count叩arts in

E吲ish.so,study

similari慨beMeen

C上Iinese柚d English fig叫瞄of sp∞ch will help translators

删ly“ans】ale th锄jn|o姆l


eqlliValently.

bccter undcrstand is

1hts cTl).An ide越“弛slafion

jnto whjch the

e疵d madc柚d intenn∞s

conveyed in thc ST by figllres of speech

Rheto―c has alwaysbeen

pIayjng吼油ponam

pan in也e p『0ccss of

tr卸slation.―噶is

tbe埘Dce硒js b船jca¨y∞mposod of


is tllc pmrcquisite outcome of the

s括g5:∞mpr曲eIlsion如d

rep刚ucdon.The f0衄ef

lanef砌le the lattcf


Inaccllrate∞Ⅱlprch明sjon

will inevitab王y resl吐t iIl

inaccu糟te feproduction.hl∞I∞∞ses,we cannot pu荭le ollt the

m咖ir唱of tlIe

bcca璐e wc havc∞hawledge about tlle figIlr髑of sp∞ch employed in it.MO∞oveL

we l【Ilow what me rhetod髓l device indicat骼“taI【髑reaI c压ons to maintai且both the

and meaning 0f it

equival∞£a%mc血Value姐d。0mmllni训oⅡal

function compIying

耐th TTc卸be s∞∞鹞fllny缸锄彘矾d.

1.I.2.1 I地et0一c

and“t哪ry髓xts

Rhetoricor the

of嘣ktiVe communica曲n,、地cther

spokcn-.Was

comerstone of classical edIlcation.In nIe c押ilization 0f铷1cient Greece and Romeit was the a∞deⅢic discipline that gllided tlIe skiufIll pf0‘luction孤d

crit砌evalua曲n of

discourse iII

aU its usual settings‘?in law c0Ⅲts,in commerce and Ihe prof璐sionsin cereⅢoniaI∞atory,ill

diplomacy and pubhc relationsin cultural and pol“icaI debate.

hl his innuentiaI treatise 0n the

subject,Ad蜘Ⅱe(384?322

BC)defined rhetoric

洳卿抽g似以嘲曲面gJ’抽4掣gl囮n嘲坡fiH,聃e

m口st批cfy me口船o彤蚪∽sfon.

Arist0Ⅱe taught that thefe、Vere t11rce elements of communication:tlle sp明ke‘tlle audience,


speech itse正In fhcthis u舶tise is broken ddwn into

thr∞parIs,0ne 0n∞ch

of fhetoIic.His theoretical、vritingstogether wnh tlle speeches of his


especially the the

∞ntemporary Demosthen豁(384-322 BC)蚰d

spceclI酷如d wmIm擎of

(10643 Bc)柚d 0ui眦nli柚(35―95 AD),∞n蚯tutc


加rnish an essemial

in tIle field aIld

basis姐d台锄ewoTk for aU鲫bsequ%“:0ntribImo璐to the如bject.

fIlnd锄e“tal prindples and pradi嘲ins磅ts

disciplille-.e.g.抛c妇‘醣

歸rc咖6抛cnnc妇弓扫e删聊Ji口咖一-remain

Valid舡Id璐eful today

wc”眦nty?four

centlIries a90.Moreove‘these priIlciples have been soudly

conf蛔cd by坤∞nt

psycholing匝s她,seIni矾器锄d cogni西e sd%ce?-氍elds

mat have∞ntributed

underslanding of haw humans actuany and

le枷,spealc'writcsolVe problems,f0珊

im峭ions姐d伽mtlnic砒e.王两)ecially


e毗nainIne屿“see蟠lil【ely

fast巾搬d age of clectr∞ic media


tinleless prindples《

communicati∞sh仰ld be

more valu8ble th卸eveL

Uterary tens鹏uaⅡy re也r to f.cbonaI objects

ph蜘omc∞whose fela廿。璐hip with re“ty

is not one―t0_0ne.But tllc main criterion for assessiIlg jf

t懿£c姐be∞te90慨d船

lite删可is ratherthe

coilldlles耐th

ways in wIIich readers make me corr鼯pondillg associations.To achieve the purposeliterary

tens 0ft曲use visualized thinldng style

build imag皓∞as to坨ned the compli∞Ied wofld


visions me∞nler of

mental movements iII t00l

de试1,which makes images蹰d

hum粕c0咖uIIi∞ti伽l锄gIlagc


con口etized埘tll

fullction of imaginary

thou曲t.1Ms rh曲mc

thirIl【ing style is

the utni∞tion of woTld mat both

laqgllage whcre

is trequently adopted

eVokes readc娼’intensts t0 divc into

it卸d coincidcs埘lh

t量le rcal world t0 a。cnaill dcgree.

1.1?2.2AC口mparativeStlldyofEn窖lIshRhetoricandChiI地seRheto―c

IIl thjs th骼isa

study between

and Chinese in terms of fhetoric

诵ll be∞nducted.As

is concc玎Ied,it may inciude var{ous

lexical rhelorics”taclic rhetoric,rhetoric 0f

fhctoric 0f

t既t觚d五gIlres

Of speech.The comparatiVe studybased

these segments,involves tlle syⅡcllrOnic study Of macr0 basis in the of

m毗hodologiestraditions,psychology佃a

East锄d Wbst强d

tlle study of

struc吣al o曙柚i臻tionscxpfcssive


this thesis

means,£珏;Ilres

speech姐d styl∞on a蛐cf0 basjs.But

the compa雎吐ve study of石gllf鹊of spcech卸d锄aly2e the English

F研抛iB船f昭耐in comparison

1.1.2.3黜pmduc6舳ofA嚣thetlc E旅cIs

in“te隋ry 1h耐a虹佃

Accord吣to Rci鼹,也etnⅡsIIlissionof血e predo血柚t缸nc曲n of龇STis也e detennin崦 fa咖f by which


adoptedby me the Tr is

jⅡdgcd.While

tra砸18衄岛sped矗c咖堪lation

methods shollId be

l砌slator according t0

Rciss(1971:54-88)al∞Us拓a


bywhichthcadequacy

in仃a?li唧istic柚d e】【tra-li掣is血ins圩uclion州teria


and styljstic featu∞s;

0faTrn扭ybe硝螂sed.1慨e眦:

intra.1illguis如crit喇a:se咖ticle虹cal,毋煳atical


irnplications’(huⅡloL ironyemotion,etc.)

2.ex协卜liⅡguistic ait瓯a:s诹latbnsubje谯6eId,血粥ph∞,他ceiVersend髓and‘缸fe吐he

cype t血eofy,lhefe a弛b船i髓妇y 3 lyp髂of text.Il is more

cexlsnamely伽te丑£《bc邺ed她‘

fo咖’focllsed

tcxt壮d appeaI-foc晒ed

import如t for

the妇nslation of a

fbrm.妣used te艰ttl蛐in

content《0cused text,where transla60n of its

semantic value alone

will be sumdent.Inasmuch硒the su巧ect of study is delimited

attention、viU be focllsed

text咖e hcfeh

As the name ot也e text h鹊indicatcd’ more

forIrI iS what foml.focIlsed texts put stress on.These texts express

eIements,including syntactical traits

weU酗rhyme schemescomparatiVe and figIJfa虹Ve manners of spcaking’


all be 0bsen,ed.But it d0龉n’t

pr0Verbs and

metapho璐讲ida’1964p.94)shollId

tlle SL into che TL without ally is to achieve

cIlief requirement

rep【0duc曲n o“he‘0fical e脏ct tllrough

c柚be d锄e by

creating equiValents

new forrIlS.The TT of

aestlletic柚d anislicform ofthe ST,sotIIattlle∞sthetic e位cI While


doing thatthe tra嬲l“ion shollld

reproducedinthe耵.


adopting the

dyn锄ic砒thod、vith the

st姐dpoilItofthc

lII tlIis pan,meories the litefary

fhetodc’tr眦slation姐d Unguisncs州U be印plicd f缸the蚰alysis

tr锄sI缸ion in

Of 69盯鹤0f spcccII.

As daimed by some 茧rom I阻印e

Post-M0d咖istsco址emporary

rheIodc h硒shmed恼foc璐of study

omtion 10 wfiting.Mo∞ave‘“∞ems that“has taken all

瑚dttcn,couo舢al

co姗蛐icati0㈣tD

it8 scope of s沁dy.0n the o出cf

hoWw扎rhetoric啪be

fI】_nh盯dj_“ded hno bmad rhctorical cont甑t and n&盯ow


0f di丘“ent uIlits 0f

context.I№f0咄r involves

text,style粕d ty即

of wnting while t}他laltef

mainly∞lK}ms n皓application 0f figIl碍s

figllres of

speech(余立兰1985,p3).Asstudy on右gⅢes 瓶da

0f speechh舔alwaysbeenthekey ofrheIoric

comparison of spcd丘c五gIlfes of sp∞ch is e硒icr co

ope髓她so this

papcr wiu be

focuscdon盎gures 0fspce曲。

1.2?lo C墨te窖od翳of Ft弘t嚣啦Speech

Figures of speech can be

grossly吼teg嘶zed嬲:1)Lcxical

figtlr皓of speecb:2)syntacIical

p印erthefoc蜗of蛆由sis咄 be naIrowed downIofigIl他s 0f speechIIIatm prcvalentin砌饥鄹鼬咖甜,the subjectof


figlIres of spcech肌d;3)Phone【icfigu∞s 0fs即cch.hthis

si砌e,舭tapho‘metonymy'personifica曲nhyper晰e

and p帆,which耵e

棚underIhe f洳t

categQry because tbcy are五gIlr邸of印eech tbat work

1.2.2 ThⅡslation Theories

Tr蚰sladon“action

w锚proposed by Holz-M菪ntt苴ri.II

theory and adion theory with

c}le豳呜besides othe璐of

卸d guiddines aPplicable


ac吐On Views打a璐laⅡ0n

wide rarIge of profe骆ional

t咖slational

ac廿ons.Tf姐slati0Ⅱal

purpose-dfivcn,out∞me叼riented

human inte强cdon aIld focuses

compo班lds involv扭g

inte_[}cu王tu瞄

tr龃sfeL TranSIadonal

acti锄咖s∞vcfy

much锄pfodⅡci】ng

TT th址is fIlnc虹onally gen球of the rr

commuⅡicative for the recciVer.Tbis me柚sfof

exa唧le,that

guided by What is fIlnccionauy slIitable in the

11L叫t町e阳m盯th蛐by啪rely


by the订龃slato‘

copying thc s.r

Wh砒is funcIi油alIy鼬il西Me h蝎to be

who js che expen jn

t咖sla“onal卵d0Ⅱ柏d

whose mle is to mal∞su坤that

the如t刪lluraI


solely for诋

咖sfer tal【cs place sads蟊蛇tQfily.h tlle


∞nsh能ion蛆d fu硼m姗p∞me.
1.content is diVided

pfodu砸on of TL

illco(a)facttlal infor蚰tion and嘞oVerall c0咖如icative

into(8)tefnlinolo掰and秭cohesive elements。

IIl fhe 1970sHalls ‘purpose’,as

illtrduced

s蛔pos,which

is tlIe G阼ek wofd for‘ajm’of

tecllnical tefm for tlle purpose 0f

a咖slation粕d of the action of t瑚slat抽g

intQ㈣sla蛀0n曲哆Sk叩0s thcofy

fbcllses above all

the pu印ose ofthe tr粗Slation,

whjch detemIiIles tIle“柚slation methods柚d stratcgies that produce

to be employed in orderto

fIlnctionaUy adeq∞te resultnamely the TL Thercfofe,in skopos Ihe0啦l【11awing

why anSTisto betr如slated卸dwhatthcfun髓ion oftherrwill becmciaIformetr如sIator.


oIIe basic rIlle ofit砒ipula£esthat

ofinforma£ionin atarget cllIture andTL

conceming强伍盯ofi舡brmalioniIl


thc ST and TT to thejr ftlnctjon in

sour∞cllInIre粕d SLItisimportantin£hac“rclat船

their∞拿pe商ve linguistic锄d

tf柚出atof is

a舒dn the hy play盯iIl

int酬tu噍I c0衄ulIica曲n

production 0fIheTT-

Nord’s Te】【c Analysis in n缸slaIion

model of s1’觚由sis

aU text types

and“锄sl砒ion

situatio酗.The modeI is b龉ed

fIlnmona王concepI,enabHng tmderst衄ding


t豫nslation strate西鹤8Pp∞priale

of the fllnction of ST

fe毗ures蛆d也e selecⅡon

nlc intended pIlrpose

of£he仃蛆sl越ion.№棚shares many

precondino艏ofReiss柚d

v舶eer'but pays more atteⅡ60n to features ofthe St f0】mrd

tlle fIlnctional tlIcofies

these thrce fundionalists at

tim%a common pe璐pectⅣe is made勰f打as litcmry tra璐lation is concemed:the u协沁st purpose

oflitemrytmsl呦nisthe rep州ucb∞oftllcf0眦ofsTinTr鹅Utemr),texts珊

f缸雒f加订黜删e占耐is c0附加edll量e priori啦shollld be giVen reprodudjon of蛔h哪mu8 eff酏慨which越e mosny composod of c他at量"a珥Ilj髓don of


foJHn?f0_cIl∞d.As

VariO鹏丘gu船of

1.222 Equ押aI蚰朋a珏d

As、朔s mentioned in 1.1.2.3,prioricy


translation 0f litemfy tc】【ts.The

tlle equiValent creatiQn 0f

Ihssi拙.bom Amcrican

stnl咖ralist R咖如Jak0由∞n first

f0Ⅱows me∞ladon

out by sa啦su陀becween che

signi丘ef(che spclkcⅡ觚d w矗t咖sj鲫a王)

雅d血e si鲷ified(me concept si弘i丘ed)tllc珏poin担0ut that‘‘mcre is ordinarily

equivale噼be嘲een

wo】出ill d近erent

l卸guages.”(Jakobson,195蛇000p?114).In

Jakobson’s description,tfanslation in、olves鲫bs垃tutiIlg mess犍=es in

separate words but如f emire m船sagcs in some othef lang咖喀e:thc

tr柚slat叫㈣dcS粕d

transIIlits

message receivcd

source.Thus trimslation inVolVcs two equiValent

in附o di蜘rent∞des(JakobsoII

195蛇000'p.114).Ac00rding to thjs,舭us is

oⅡdi££erences in the s岫lcturc矾d temliIlology of l矗‘lg岫g皤rath髓than

inability of

messa薛malh鸽b∞n wTi“en iII如oth盯I柚guag口.

1Il lhis t11esisequiva王ence is interpreted

the eqlliVal。nt

r印rod删on of丘gur龉of specch.


slavish copy.Ratheritis姐
of TL bome in

So,in TT“meaIls

reproduction of figurcs of speech alId oIher exprcssiVe features that

c啪posethelitefafyform ofsT.But也e唧roduct沁is not

equival髓t transpl锄ta曲n试山lingIIiscic觚d cIlitural岫dition


nlind sothat

adjustmencwmbcmdc、柚e把山elite棚[yfo衄ofsllcon岫djcts withIhen:

Un即枷c n凹rie8


Ass卵h6ve M明咖g

According to

sem姐tic analysis of(;eo册ey Leech出e a豁odatiVe meaIli]ng


do、vith individual

mentaI皿derst卸din簪0f

the spcal【er Howcvc‘in this

tllesis the越sociative m拍njng is used t0柚缸yze the thin虹ng pattcm of autho俗when

印plying c0Ⅱlpafison'pe巧on伍c撕on如d sem趾tic

m‘0nymy.Ba∞d

similar sem柚tic


iII m%丑iIIg

fidds,as∞石ative邮alIing m柚s

temp眦Iy associa曲n

be眦en也e 0bjecbto be dePi咖d强d也eo坷cds卸cho璐丘ndto share simil越featWes

f0咖eL The more

u曲xpcctcd the船sociation secm互ngly

bethc be仕er the e伍cct wiⅡbe

achi“ed wh明i“s口rov蛐t0

}

2001年麻省理工学院宣布将其几乎全蔀课程资料发布到互联网上供全世界互 联网用户免费使用,随后耶鲁、哈佛等大学也加入其中他们共同组成了国际开放 课件联盟,并朂终发展成为一场国际开放教育资源运动开放课程运动开展的同时 也伴随着相应的翻译活动,英文的公开课被翻译成了西班牙语、葡萄牙语等多种语 言公开课的汉语翻译始于2003年,但直到2010年初配有双语字幕的课程视频 形式才开始出现在互联网上,受到网民的热烈欢迎茬从2010年初到2011年10 月不足两年的时间里,翻译出的课程超过13l门约1500多集,形成了一股译介 热潮;现如今该翻译活动仍在火热进行之中公开课嘚翻译活动是_种新的翻译现 象,具有较好的研究价值但在笔者的资料收集范围内,到目前为止中国大陆对此 现象进行研究的学术论文尚無一篇因此本论文尝试对其进行深入、系统的探讨。 本研究的理论视角是翻译主体性翻译主体性包括能动性、受动性、为我性三 个方媔。创作者、译者、接受者、发起人、评论人是不同性质的主体在翻译活动 中发挥着互不相同的主体性作用:同时他们还以主体间性的方式存在,相互合作 相互交流。翻译主体研究虽是近几年来译学界的研究热点但也存在一些不足,本 论文以查明建、田雨等有关翻译主体性的论述作为理论基础对公开课翻译活动进 行解读和探讨。 论文对公开课在中国的翻译活动进行了简介尝试性地将它分为三个阶段,并 从翻译主体性的视角对这一翻译现象进行研究国外教育工作者作为创作主体,发 挥其能动性创作出优秀的教育资源,并克服各種限制将其免费发布到互联网上; 译者作为不同语言的翻译转换主体,发挥能动性克服字幕类视听文本给译者带来 的特殊限制,并在互联网环境下形成了不同于传统翻译组织的特殊组织方式;广大 网民作为接受主体主动热情地观看学习公开课;媒体作为评论主体,对公开课翻 译活动进行了积极正面地报道由于这些主体具有把国外教育资源译介到中国的共 同目的,他们互动交流、相互合作研究发现,借助互联网他们的互动交流比以 往更加便捷。文章最后还对公开课翻译活动对翻译的影响进行了思考。 通过分析,本文认为只囿既对各个主体不同性质的主体性进行分析,又对他

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