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新7BUnit2英语教案
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折桂中学7B Unit 2英语教案
主备课人：倪桂英
Neighbours 总课时 7 第1课时
课题 Comic strip &Welcome to the unit
知识目标：了解各种职业及工作场所的名称
能力目标： 能用简单的英语谈论自己所居住的社区
情感目标：
教学重点 1.Where are you going?
2. I’m going to visit our new neighbours.
教学过程 教
容 自主个案
词组翻译：1. 拜访我们的新邻居____________ 2. 在城市花园_______________
3. 在第九大街____________________ 4. 在你们街区________________
5. 他们中的绝大多数__________
6. 在你们街区周围______________
7. 互相帮助_____________
8. 欢迎像你这样的客人______________
9. 害怕，担心_______________
10. 住在像那样的街区是很棒的
____________
Talk about our neighbourhoods
Where do you live?
What kind of home do you have?
What’s around your home?
Is your home near a park / a school / a restaurant / a supermarket?
Is there a shop / a cinema / a museum near your home?
鼓励学生根据实际情况回答，对能力较强的学生还可以鼓励他们进行较详细的介绍
1 教师与学生就居住坏境进行进一步交流，呈现新知识：
T: Who lives next to your flat / house? Who lives above / below you ?
Who is your neighbour? What’s his / her neighbour? What does he / she do?
2. 利用图片向学生呈现各种职业
T: Who’s your neighbour?
S: --- is my neighbour.
T: What’s your neighbour? / What does your neighbour do?
S: He / She is---.
T: Where does he / she work?
S: He / She works in---
I. Listen and answer these questions:
Where’s Simon’s flat?
How many buildings are there in his neighbourhood?
How many floors do the buildings have?
What does Simon have around his neighbourhood?
What does Simon think of his neighbourhood?
II. 模仿B，根据自己的实际情况编对话
Comic strip
Step I 呈现
Listen and answer the questions
Look at Hobo. He’s in a hurry. Where’s Hobo going?
What does Eddie do when he visits his neighbours?
Step II Practise
Step III Presentation and discussion
Do you think Eddie’s new neighbours welcome him? Why or why not?
If you have a neighbour like Eddie, do you welcome him?
Finish 《导学案》第1课时
Preview Reading
I. 根据所给的提示完成下列单词。
1.There are many tal
正在加载中，请稍后...> 【答案带解析】---Who is _______ man with a ponytail （马...
---Who is _______ man with a ponytail （马尾辫）under the tree ?--- Sorry, I don’t know. But I think he must be ______ artist.A.
试题分析：句意：-树下面扎马尾辫的那个男的是谁？-对不起，我不知道。但是我想他一定是一个艺术家。a/an是不定冠词，表示泛指一个……，an用于元音发音开头的单词前；the 是定冠词，表示特指这个……。根据句意可知，第一个空表示特指树下扎马尾辫的男人；第二个空是一个艺术家，artist是元音开头，应该用an。故选B。
考点：考查冠词。
考点分析：
考点1：冠词
大家一定会想到a 、an和the，实际上，冠词就是指这三兄弟
冠词分类及用法
& & & & 1. 不定冠词的基本用法：（1）不定冠词有a和an两种：a用于辅音音素开头的词前,例如：a dog， an用于元音音素开头的词前,例如：an apple；（2）用来表示“—”的意思，但不强调数的观念，只说明名词为不特定者。即不具体说明是何人何物。例如：She picked up a book and began to read.（3）不定冠词含有“—”的意思，但数量观念没有one强烈，在句子里边一般可以不必译出，但若有“一个”的意思则译出，（4）一般用在可数名词单数前，指人或事物的某一种类。例如：I am a nurse.（5）用在某些固定词组中，如have a rest,a few,a lot 等。
& & & & 2. &定冠词的用法：（1）特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。（2）指双方都知道的人或事物,例如：Open the door,please. （3）指上文提到的人或事物。（4）用在世界上独一无二的事物前。例如：The sun is bigger than the moon.太阳比月亮大些。（5）用在序数词和形容词最高级前。例如：The first island is the biggest of the three.第一个小岛是三个中最大的。（6）用在形容词前表示一类人，the +形容词指的是一群人，是一种复数含义，所以其后动词应用复数形式。例如：The old are sick.
& & & & 3. 零冠词的用法 ，就是不用冠词的情况。
& & & & 1) 国名，人名前通常不用定冠词：England, Mary；
& & & & 2) 泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时，可不用定冠词；
& & & & They are teachers. 他们是教师。
& & & & 3) 抽象名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词；
& & & & Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
& & & & 4) 物质名词表示一般概念时，通常不加冠词，当表示特定的意思时，需要加定冠词；Man cannot live without water. 人离开水就无法生存。
& & & & 5) 在季节、月份、节日、假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前，不加冠词；
& & & & We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
& & & & 6) 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前，不加冠词；如：have breakfast, play chess
& & & & 7) 当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词；by bus, by train；
& & & & 8) 固定短语，如：go to hospital　去医院看病；at home, in class,go to bed等。
& & & & 根据对冠词部分全国各地中考试题的分析可知，冠词考查主要在单项选择和完形填空题型之中。冠词主要考查的有：
& & & & 1、 不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法。
& & & & 2、 冠词常见的习惯搭配用法。
& & & & 3、 部分物质名词抽象名词具体化之后的冠词用法。
& & & & 4、 冠词的位置 & &
不定冠词a用于辅音音素开头的单词前，an用于元音音素开头的单词前。
典型例题1： ——Tina，could you please play＿＿＿＿ piano for me while I’m singing?
——With pleasure.
A. a & & B. an & & C. the & & &D. /
解析：表示乐器的名词前应用定冠词the 。
& &典型例题2： There is ＿＿＿＿“h” in the word “hour”，but＿＿＿＿“h” doesn’t make a sound.
A . a, a &B. a, the &C. the, an &D. an, the
解析：这是一道很迷惑人的习题。第一个空很多学生认为“h”是一个辅音字母，所以会填a，但是选择a 或an,看的是音素，即读音，而并不是字母本身，“h”是一个辅音字母，但却是以元音音素开头，所以前面应用an；第二个空“h”第二次出现，所以用定冠词 the 。
& & & & 不定冠词a用于辅音音（而不是字母）开头的单词前，an用于元音音素（而不是字母）开头的单词前，例如上面典型例题2
相关试题推荐
书面表达 （本大题共5分）假如你是Sandy,想邀请好友Amy来你家。根据下面提供的信息，用英语写一篇邀请信。(包含所有要点，注意格式，字数80左右。)要点：1、新家位于市中心，周围有银行、超市、医院。2、邻居们友好善良，经常帮助人们解决各种问题,大家就像一家人一样。3、家中有很多事可做。……(发挥1-2句)4、如果你能来，我会非常高兴。沿着幸福路走（Happy Road），在第二个十字路口向右拐。5、很期待见到你。Dear Amy,I would like to invite you to my new home. 
Travelling is a very good activity. When you get tired of your work or study, and when you have free time, you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty(美丽) of nature or other cities. You can breathe fresh air, meet different people and make friends with them. It’s good for your health to do so.But sometimes, travelling is not an enjoyable thing. For example, the weather can be changeable. There may be rain when you travel. You may catch a cold or be ill while travelling. The worst thing is that the thieves may steal(偷) your money. All these may happen to a traveler.When you go on a trip, you must get everything ready. Firstly, you must have clear information about the weather. Secondly, ask a friend to go with you so that you can help each other. Thirdly, you must be careful everywhere and try not to cause accidents. If you do this, you will enjoy your travel.Title:
1. Advantage（优点）You can enjoy the
views of the nature. There will be a lot of
air around you. It can make you
. Disadvantage(缺点)Sometimes it
when you travel. It will make the road wet and slip. You may get
while travelling. The worst thing is that you may lose some
. Advice At
, you should know about the weather clearly. Secondly, you can
someone to go with you. Thirdly, do everything
.Don’t cause any accidents. 
完成句子（本大题共9分，1-2题每空0.5分，3-6题每题1.5分）1.动物园里的猴子上蹿下跳，使得孩子们开怀大笑。The monkeys in the zoo jumped around and _________ the children _________ _________.2.如果我遇见狗，我会快速跑开。If I meet the dog, I _________ _________ _________ quickly.3.昨天因为下大雨，我花了约半个小时步行上学。Yesterday it _______________________ school because of the heavy rain.4.这些天Mary在为聚会上穿什么衣服去而发愁。Mary ___________________________ at the party these days.5.他是个没有礼貌的人。我以后再也不和他玩了。He is not a polite boy. I ___________________________.6.你住在像这样的居民区真是够幸运。You are ___________________________ the neighbourhood like this. 
动词填空（本大题共8分，每小题1分）1.Andy always comes to school on time. He never_______ (get) to school late.2.Millie, ________ (not be) late for the meeting tomorrow. Our boss will be here as well.3.----Who do you think _________ (win) the game tomorrow?----I’m not sure. They are both good players.4.We must remember _________ (not cross) the road when the light is red5. ----Bob, where is your father? I need some help.----He _________ (fix) my model plane in the study.6. ----Excuse me, look at the sign. You mustn’t take photos here.----Sorry, I _________ (not see) it.7.What I said hurt her feelings. She left without _________ (say) anything.8.There _________ (be) some wonderful films at the cinema this week, aren’t there? 
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题型：单项填空
难度：简单
Copyright @
满分5 学习网 ManFen5.COM. All Rights Reserved.From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A fixed-gear bicycle
An 18-tooth sprocket that attaches to the rear hub of fixed-gear bike
Track sprockets are typically attached and removed from the hub by screwing them with a . This tool incorporates a lockring spanner for securing a reverse threaded lockring against the sprocket.
A fixed-gear bicycle (or fixed-wheel bicycle,[] commonly known in some places as a fixie) is a
that has a
mechanism. The freewheel was developed early in the history of bicycle design but the fixed-gear bicycle remained the standard track racing design. More recently the "fixie" has become a popular alternative among mainly urban cyclists, offering the advantage of simplicity compared with the standard multi-geared bicycle.
Most bicycle hubs incorporate a freewheel to allow the pedals to remain stationary while the bicycle is in motion, so that the rider can coast, i.e., ride without pedalling using forward momentum. A fixed-gear drivetrain has the drive
(or cog) threaded or bolted directly to the hub of the back wheel, so that the pedals are directly coupled to the wheel. During acceleration, the pedal crank drives the wheel, but in other situations, the rear wheel can drive the pedal cranks. This direct coupling allows a cyclist to apply a braking force with the legs and bodyweight, by resisting the rotation of the cranks. It also makes it possible to cycle backwards.
As a general rule, fixed-gear bicycles are . A
for gear selection would introduce chain slack, which would interfere with braking. Gear selection can, however, be accomplished with the use of an . For example, a
fixed-gear 3-speed hub is a fixed-gear multi-speed arrangement. Most fixed-gear bicycles only have a front brake, and some have no brakes at all.
or track bike is a form of fixed-gear bicycle optimized for racing at a
or at an outdoor track.
and club cyclists use a fixed-gear bicycle for training during the winter months, generally using a relatively low gear ratio, believed to help develop a good pedalling style. In the UK until the 1950s it was common for riders to use fixed-gear bicycles for time trials.
The 1959 British 25 mile time trial championship was won by
with a competition record of 55 minutes 11 seconds, riding an 84 inch fixed-gear bicycle. The fixed-gear was also commonly used, and continues to be used in the end of season
races in the autumn.
A typical club men's fixed-gear machine would have been a "road/path" or "road/track" cycle. In the era when most riders only had one cycle, the same bike when stripped down and fitted with racing wheels was used for road time trials and track racing, and when fitted with mudguards (fenders) and a bag, it was used for club runs, touring and winter training. By the 1960s,
had become the norm and riding fixed-gear bicycles on the road declined over the next few decades. Recent[] years have seen renewed interest and increased popularity of fixed-gear cycling.
and similar areas in other Western cities, fixed-gear bicycles have achieved significant popularity, with the rise of discernible regional aesthetic preferences for finish and design details.
Dedicated fixed-gear
are being produced in greater numbers by established bicycle manufacturers. They are generally low in price and characterized by relaxed road geometry, as opposed to the steep geometry of track bicycles.
Fixed-gear bicycles are also used in ,
A fixed-gear bicycle is particularly well suited for , a maneuver in which the bicycle can be held stationary, balanced upright with the rider's feet on the pedals.
One of the perceived main attractions of a fixed gear bicycle is low weight. Without the added parts required for a fully geared drive train—derailleurs, shifters, cables, cable carriers, multiple chain rings, freewheel hub, brazed-on mounting lugs—a fixed gear bicycle weighs less than its geared equivalent. The chain itself is subject to less sideways force and will not wear out as fast as on a derailleur system. Also, a fixed gear drivetrain is more mechanically efficient than any other bicycle drivetrain, with the most direct power transfer from rider to the wheels. Thus, a fixed gear requires less energy in any given gear to move than a geared bike in the same gear.
In slippery conditions some riders prefer to ride fixed because they believe the transmission provides increased feedback on back tire grip. However, there is also an increased risk of loss of control in such conditions. This is especially so when taking into account the large number of riders who ride brakeless. These riders must brake entirely through the drivetrain. Ideally this is done by resisting the forward motion of the pedals, shedding speed while the bike is still moving. Alternatively, though far less efficiently, one can brake by stopping the motion of the pedals in mid-rotation, causing the rear wheel to lock in place, allowing the bicycle to skid and slow down from
(see below).
Descending any significant gradient is more difficult as the rider must spin the cranks at high speed (sometimes at 170 rpm or more), or use the brakes to slow down. Some consider that the enforced fast spin when descending increases suppleness or flexibility, which is said to improve pedalling performance on however the performance boost is negligible compared to the benefits of riding a free wheel.
Riding fixed is considered by some to encourage a more effective pedaling style, which it is claimed translates into greater efficiency and power when used on a bicycle fitted with a freewheel. It allows for the rider to engage in and practice proper cadence, which is the balanced and rhythmic flow of pedaling, enhancing performance for both cyclist and bicycle.
When first riding a fixed gear, a cyclist used to a
may try to freewheel, or coast, particularly when approaching corners or obstacles. Since coasting is not possible this can lead to a "kick" to the trailing leg, and even to loss of control of the bicycle. Riding at high speed around corners can be difficult on a road bike converted into a fixed-gear bicycle, as the pedals can strike the road, resulting in loss of control. Proper track bikes have a higher bottom bracket to compensate for the constantly spinning cranks and largely mitigate this problem.
Perhaps the most obvious disadvantage is the lack of multiple gears, and the flexibility in pedaling cadence and resistance made available through gear shifting. Hilly or uneven mountainous terrain with steep grades can be particularly challenging, as the rider cannot adjust the gearing to match the terrain.
Cyclist riding a fixed gear bike without brakes
Many urban fixed-gear riders think brakes are not strictly necessary, and brakeless fixed riding has a cult status in some areas. Brakes and their cables are said to add extra bulk to the simple appearance of a fixed gear bicycle, and they prevent trick manoeuvres that involve spinning the front wheel in a full circle, unless equipped with special 360° freedom "" system already known on trial or BMX bicycles.
Other riders dismiss riding on roads without brakes as an affectation, based on image rather than practicality. Riding brakeless can be dangerous, is prohibited by law in many jurisdictions, and may jeopardize the chances of a claim in the event of an accident.
It is possible to slow down or stop a fixed-gear bike in two ways. The first, most efficient, and least stressful on the rider's body is by resisting the turning cranks as they come up and around, shedding speed with each pedal rotation. The second way, less efficient but more showy, is to bump or skid the rear wheel along the pavement. Such a move is initiated by shifting the rider's weight slightly forward and pulling up on the pedals using
or toe clips and straps.
The rider then stops turning the cranks, thus stopping the drivetrain and rear wheel, while applying body weight in opposition to the rotation of the cranks. This causes the rear wheel to skid, and slow the bike. The skid can be held until the bicycle stops or until the rider desires to continue pedaling again at a slower speed. The technique requires practice and is generally considered dangerous when used during cornering .
On any bike with only rear wheel braking, the maximum
is significantly lower than on a bike equipped with a front brake. As a vehicle brakes, weight can be transferred towards the front wheel and away from the rear, decreasing the amount of grip the rear wheel has.
increases rear wheel braking efficiency, but a front wheel fitted with an ordinary brake might provide 70% or more of the braking power when braking hard.[]
Austria – Brakeless bicycles are not legal to be driven on public roads. Every bike has to have two independent brakes, several reflectors and front and back lighting when conditions require it.
Australia – Bicycles are regarded as vehicles under the Road Rules in every state. A bike is required by law to have at least one functioning brake.
Belgium – All bicycles are required to have easy-to-hear bells and working brakes on both wheels. Lights and reflectors are not required on race, mountain, and children's bikes when not used after dark. Other (normal) bikes need reflectors and lights. These lights may be attached to the body and may blink.
Brazil – Brazilian Traffic Law, article 105, subheading VI, says that, for bicycles, "bells, rear, front, sides and pedals signaling, and rear-view mirror on the left" are mandatory. Albeit, nothing is explicitly said about bicycle brakes.
Canada – Laws vary by province, and are controlled by highway and traffic acts. In Ontario and in Québec, a rear brake is required, and not having one may subject the rider to a fine.
Denmark – All bicycles are required to have working brakes on both wheels, reflectors, and bells.
France – A bike must have 2 brakes, 2 lights, numerous reflectors, and a ringer to be approved for road traffic. The laws are rarely enforced, however, and the sight of all kinds of non-officially-approved bikes is common.
Germany – All bicycles are required to have working brakes on both wheels, reflectors, and bells. A local court in
accepted that the fixed-gear mechanism was a suitable back brake, but high-profile crackdowns specifically targeted fixed-gear bicycles in Berlin in an attempt to control what police described as a "dangerous trend"
Hungary – All bicycles are required to be equipped with two independent sets of brakes. Front and rear lamps, reflectors and a bell are also required.
Italy – All bicycles must have tires, two independent sets of brakes, a bell, a front white lamp, a rear red lamp and reflector, amber reflectors on pedals and sides. The laws however are rarely enforced.
Netherlands – All bicycles are required to have an adequate brake system.
New Zealand – By law all bicycles must have a minimum of "...a good rear brake..."–and those made since 1 January 1988 must also have "...a good front brake..."
Poland – All bicycles must have at least one functional brake.
Spain – All bicycles are required to have an adequate brake system on front and rear wheels, plus a bell.
Sweden – Bicycles are required to have a brake and bell. Additionally, when it's dark outside they are required to have lights facing forward and back as well as reflectors facing forward, back and to the sides.
United Kingdom – The Pedal Cycles (Construction and Use) Regulations 1983 require pedal cycles "so constructed that one or more of the wheels is incapable of rotating independently of the pedals, be equipped with a braking system operating on the front wheel"; riding a fixed-gear bicycle with no front brake on the street is illegal. Following the conviction of UK cyclist Charlie Alliston, who knocked over and killed a woman whist riding a fixed-gear bicycle with no front brake, the UK Government announced a review of the laws covering "dangerous cycling" in September 2017.
A brake on the rear wheel is only required for free-wheel bicycles.
United States – The use of any bike without brakes on public roads is illegal in many places, but the wording is often similar to "...must be equipped with a brake that will enable the person operating the cycle to make the braked wheels skid on dry, level and clean pavement..." which some have argued allows the use of the legs and gears. The retail sale of bikes without brakes is banned by the U.S.  – but with an exception for the "track bicycle" (...a bicycle designed and intended for sale as a competitive machine having tubular tires, single crank-to-wheel ratio, and no free-wheeling feature between the rear wheel and the crank...).
Many companies sell
designed specifically for use with fixed-gear hubs. A fixed-gear or track-bike hub includes special threads for a lockring that tightens in the opposite (counter-clockwise) direction compared with the sprocket.
This ensures that the sprocket cannot unscrew when the rider "backpedals" while braking.
A horizontal dropout on a steel frame
converted to a . The derailleur hanger (below the axle) and an eyelet (above the axle) for mounting a fender or rack, both integral parts of the original frame, are now unused.
For a variety of reasons, many cyclists choose to convert freewheel bicycles to fixed gear. Frames with horizontal
are straightforward to convert, frames with vertical dropouts less so. One method is to simply replace the rear wheel with a wheel that has a track/fixed hub. Another is to use a hub designed for use with a threaded multi-speed freewheel.
Such a hub only has the normal right-handed threads for the sprocket and not the reverse threads for the lockrings used on track/fixed hubs.
The sprocket on a hub without a lockring may unscrew while back pedalling. Even if a bottom bracket lockring is threaded onto the hub, along with a track sprocket, because the bottom-bracket lockring is not reverse threaded, the possibility still exists that both the sprocket and locknut can unscrew.
Therefore, it is recommended to have both front and rear brakes on a fixed-gear bicycle using a converted freewheel hub in case the sprocket unscrews while backpedaling. It is also advisable to use a
for the sprocket and bottom bracket locking. The
(or "frame whipping") method may be helpful to securely install the sprocket.
Bicycles with vertical dropouts and no derailleur require some way to adjust chain tension. Most bicycles with horizontal dropouts can be tensioned by moving the wheel forward or backward in the dropouts. Bicycles with vertical dropouts can also be converted with some additional hardware. Possibilities include:
allows the off center
or bottom bracket spindle to pivot and change the chain tension.
A ghost or floating chainring is an additional
in the drive train between the driving chainring and sprocket. The top of the chain moves it forward at the same speed that the bottom of the chain moves it backwards, giving the appearance that it is floating in the chain.
A magic gear—the right math can calculate a gearing ratio to fit a taut chain between the rear dropout and bottom bracket.[] Also, using a chain half link and slightly filing the dropouts to increase the width of the slot increases the chances of finding a magic gear. It is worth noting that the magic gear setup is controversial, due to inevitable chain stretch and subsequent slippage that can lead to serious injury.
Separate chain tensioning devices, such as the type that attaches to the dropout (commonly used on
mountain bikes) cannot be used because they are damaged as soon as the lower part of the chain becomes tight.
Additional adjustments or modification may be needed to ensure a good chainline. The chain should run straight from the chainring to the sprocket, therefore both must be the same distance away from the bicycle's centerline.
Matched groupsets of track components are normally designed to give a chainline of 42 mm, but conversions using road or mountain bike cranksets often use more chainline.
Some hubs, such as White Industries' ENO, or the British Goldtec track hub, are better suited to this task as they have a chainline greater than standard.
Failure to achieve good chainline, at best, leads to a noisy chain and increased wear, and at worst can throw the chain off the sprocket.
This can result in rear wheel lockup and a wrecked frame if the chain falls between the rear sprocket and the spokes.
Chainline can be adjusted in a number of ways, which may be used in combination with each other:
Obtaining a bottom bracket with a different
length, to move the chainring inboard or outboard
Choosing a bottom bracket with two lockrings, which gives fine adjustment of chainring position
Respacing and redishing the rear wheel, where permitted by the hub design
Placing thin spacers under the bottom bracket's right-hand cup (Sturmey-Archer make a suitable 1/16" spacer) to move the chainring outboard
Placing thin spacers between the chainring and its stack bolts to move it inboard (if the chainring is on the inside of the crank spider) or outboard (if the ring is on the outside of the spider)
Placing thin spacers between the hub shoulder and the sprocket. This is recommended in the case of a freewheel-threaded hub, which has sufficiently deep threads for this operation.
Usually, the rear hub is the best component on which one can operate chainline adjustments, especially on threaded hubs. If a track hub is used, it’s better to operate on the bottom bracket or - for minor shifts - on the crankset. The same occurs if a flip-flop hub is used, because the chainline should be the same in both sides (freewheel and fixed gear).
There are many forms of competition using a fixed gear bike, most of the competitions being track races. Formal track races most often take place in a , a circular track that is constructed of concrete or wood and can be indoor or outdoor. Race types such as common scratch races or more complex
races take place in these arenas.
Track race taking place at the Hellyer Park Velodrome in San Jose, California Moreover,
and other urban riders may ride fixed gear bicycles in , which are normally held in city streets, including New York City's famous fixed-gear-only race . Similarly, Wolfpack Hustle began in 2005 simply as ride bringing together fast paced bicycle riders with the common love for riding and has expanded to an internationally known race series that takes place in Los Angeles, California. The group has managed to receive sponsorships from several well-known companies including Castelli, which is an over-130-year-old Italian cycling clothing brand, helping spread interest and knowledge about the group and the races they hold. In San Francisco, California, Red Bull holds Red Bull Ride + Style events, which bring together both track and freestyle fixed-gear riders from around the world for competitions.
There are also events based on messenger racing, such as Mixpression, which has been held nine times[] in Tokyo.
Trick demonstrations have been held since the late 1800s in the US and E while they continued into a competitive form in Europe (), subsequent to the recent[] widespread popularity and advancement of fixed gear bikes, trick competitions have also now established themselves at venues in the US and Asia.
European competitions include solo and team balletic movements on a controlled, US and Asian competitions often include "park" and "flatland" styles and venues, a la BMX. Other competitions include games of "foot down" and .
made a documentary film on riding across the United S they repeated this feat as a 4-man team at the 2008 .
Fixed gear riders sharing the specific philosophy are also seen at the .
Maintaining a fixed gear is relatively easy because it has fewer parts than a geared bicycle.
The sprocket should be checked regularly to make sure there is no damage to any teeth and that no object is grinding it as it turns with the rear wheel.
The chainring should be checked similarly for any damage.
There is an advantage to selecting a number of chainring teeth that is not a round multiple of the number of sprocket teeth (e.g. 3) because this avoids coincidence of the same chainring and sprocket teeth, and tyre contact patch, on each of the rider's power strokes.
For riders who perform brakeless skid-stops, it is best to select prime-numbered chainrings (e.g. 41, 43 or 47 teeth) to guarantee that rear tyre wear is spread evenly.
It is imperative (for road riding, at least) that the chain is sufficiently tight that it is impossible for it to derail from either the chainring or sprocket.
This generally equates to "no visible slack".
A derailed chain can cause a variety of undesirable consequences, such as a locked rear wheel or, worst of all, destruction of the frame if the chain becomes caught around the crank arm and pulls the rear triangle forwards.
On a fixed-gear bicycle without hand brakes, even a relatively benign derailment means a total loss of braking ability.
Tensioning aside, a chain is significantly less likely to derail if the chainline is accurate and the chain is a traditional "full bushing" type with limited lateral flexibility.
Because the difference between a tight and a slack chain equates to only very minor elongation of the links, chain tension should be visually checked at least weekly, especially if the bicycle is ridden in wet or dirty conditions.
As with any other bicycle, the chain should be checked making sure the master link is securely latched.
The chain can be lubricated monthly for smooth riding.
Also, as needed, the brakes should be tightened as they wear and tire condition observed for possible puncture locations.
Air pressure in the tires, tire alignment, brake handle placement, and rust should be monitored on a daily basis because they can change very easily during a jarring ride.
Until recently,[] the Australian fixie culture has been small. However, with the strong Australian dollar and cost effective manufacturing and importing from China, Australia has seen many new online stores capitalise on the cheap steel frames commonly imported to the UK and US. Online stores in Australia ship partially-assembled bikes directly to consumers, considerably undercutting prices at typical brick and mortar stores.
Fixed gear bikes have become much more popular in Canada within the last couple years.[] Cities like Toronto, Ottawa, Vancouver and Montreal have many fixed gear riders, mostly in the downtown areas.[]
A fixed-gear bike in China. Fluorescent colors are typical, and part of the trend.
Around 2012, throughout China, fixed gear bikes became a popular trend among teenagers.[] The bikes are typically painted in fluorescent colors.
In 2007, a few activists started assembling and riding fixed gear bikes in Moscow. There had been people riding fixed gear bikes on the street in Moscow prior that time, but it had never developed into any feasible subculture.[] Appearances of the design in foreign media began increasing around that time, attracting more people to the concept.
A Fixed Gear Moscow
community was formed, which allowed riders to communicate with each other and share ideas for rides. As interest grew, a separate web site was created to host the blog and the forum.[]
Fixed Gear Moscow has organized numerous , tournaments, and other events to keep the community growing. Several side projects have been initiated by members of Fixed Gear Moscow and are still[] in development.[][]
In September 2013 Red Bull and Moscow government organized first race for fixed gear bikes in Moscow city center on the Boulevard ring. Distance that participants had to overcome was about 50 kilometers. The race was repeated in 2014 and is planned for 2015.
The fixed-gear movement is growing [] in Sweden. A cornerstone of the Swedish fixed-gear society is the Internet-based forum Fixedgear.se, with over 2300 registered members []. This makes up for the main meeting ground and discussion forum for Swedish fixed-gear riders and enthusiasts.[]
There are also several bicycle clubs throughout Sweden with a fixed-gear niche. Komet Club Rouler is a club based in Gothenburg, annually arranging Svart Katt and other fixed-gear oriented activities. Svart Katt has been internationally recognized and is considered Sweden’s largest alley cat by number of participators, according to Cog Magazine. KCR’s equivalent in Malm? is called Pista Malm?, arranging ”Thursday's rides” every Thursday, for all bikes and riders. Stockholm also has its own informal fixed gear bicycle club, called Fista Sthlm.
Several factors contribute to the recent [] rise in popularity of fixed-gear bicycle. A rider from Stockholm interviewed for an article about the phenomenon notes that riding a bike imparts a feeling of freedom to the rider.
One is free to go wherever one wants, whenever one wants. A sense of belongi as the rider says, "all who cycle are my friends". Riders unknown to each other commonly greet each other when on bikes. As in many subcultures, this feeling of belonging is a key factor in recruiting and retaining participants.
The fact that many fixie riders ride brakeless in defiance of local law could also be viewed as a contributing fact it provides an outlet for minor rebellion.
A relatively new movement in the UK, fixie bikes are on the rise.[]
A Cinelli MASH Histogram Frame
California’s fixed gear community stretches throughout the state with groups in all of the major urban areas that come together for riding and racing. Beginning in the north, Sacramento has a rising fixed-gear community as popular bicycle shops such as The Bicycle Business are beginning to carry fixed gear bikes and groups of riders are forming.
Moving to the Bay Area, San Francisco and San Jose have well established fixed gear communities who host several established races and community rides. For example, the San Jose Bike Party, held on the third Friday of every month, is dedicated to “building community through bicycling” and contains a majority of fixed gear riders, although all bikes are welcome. Moreover, companies such as Chrome Industries, who make bags and apparel catered toward bike messengers and urban cyclists, have been able to rise to worldwide prominence thanks to San Francisco and California’s biking community. Also, stores such as MASH SF based in San Francisco, and IMINUSD based in San Jose accommodate fixed-gear cyclist specifically with riding gear, parts, and a center for the fixed-gear riding community in their respective cities. MASH SF collaborates with the Italian bicycle manufacturing company, , to make several fixed gear bike framesets, including what is known as the Cinelli MASH Histogram. Furthermore, Macaframa is a group of riders from San Francisco who release movies dedicated to fixed-gear riding that encompass the fast paced lifestyle that comes along with riding fixed.
Lastly, Southern California is home to a very large fixed community, particularly in the greater Los Angeles area. Los Angeles based TRAFIK is a group dedicated to global fixed gear culture, as they boast the motto “TRAFIK is Global Fixed Gear Culture” and work towards bringing the fixed-gear movement to a worldwide audience.
A circus performer standing on a fixed-gear bicycle
A fixed gear bike is also used in the . When the saddle and handlebars are at the same height, an
can stand on the handlebars and saddle and perform acrobatic exercises, sometimes involving multiple people, while continuing to circle the circus ring.
The 2012 film
uses a "fixie" as a running plot device. Wilee, the lead character played by , works as a bike messenger in , and his fellow riders rib him about his enthusiasm for his fixed-gear steel-frame bike with no brakes. He avoids one confrontation by pedaling the bicycle backward, and he successfully weaves through dangerous traffic, but he also gets into accidents because the fixed-gear style abets his avidity for speed. Wilee says, "I like to ride. Fixed gear. No brakes. Can't stop. Don't want to, either."
Media related to
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