& “阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上...”习题详情
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阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。The Internet has become part of young people’s life.&&&&【小题1】&&&&report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get&&&&【小题2】&&&&(use) information on the Internet&&&&【小题3】&&&&use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it&&&&【小题4】&&&&a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites they shouldn’t look &&&&【小题5】.So bad things may happen&&&&【小题6】&students spend too much time on the Internet.&&&&【小题7】&&&&is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook,&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&【小题8】&&&&uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful &&&&【小题9】&&&&(advise). Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face&&&&【小题10】(meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.A&
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题型：解答题&|&来源：2010-广东省新兴县惠能中学高二上学期期中考试英语卷
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习题“阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。The Internet has become part of young people’s l...”的分析与解答如下所示：
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阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。The Internet has become part of young peopl...
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欢迎来到乐乐题库，查看习题“阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。The Internet has become part of young people’s life.____【小题1】____report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get____【小题2】____(use) information on the Internet____【小题3】____use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it____【小题4】____a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites they shouldn’t look ____【小题5】.So bad things may happen____【小题6】students spend too much time on the Internet.____【小题7】____is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook,________【小题8】____uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful ____【小题9】____(advise). Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face____【小题10】(meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.”的答案、考点梳理，并查找与习题“阅读下列的短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中的词语的正确形式填空。The Internet has become part of young people’s life.____【小题1】____report shows that 38% of students often use the Internet. Most of them get____【小题2】____(use) information on the Internet____【小题3】____use the Internet to help in their studies. But many students don’t use it____【小题4】____a good way. Some play games too much, some visit websites they shouldn’t look ____【小题5】.So bad things may happen____【小题6】students spend too much time on the Internet.____【小题7】____is important for students to use the Internet properly. Now we have a textbook,________【小题8】____uses many examples to teach students some good ways to use the Internet. It gives useful ____【小题9】____(advise). Some students also make friends on the Internet. But if you want to have a face-to-face____【小题10】(meet) with your online friends, let your parents know and meet in a proper place.”相似的习题。happen in,happen at,happen on,有啥区别_百度知道
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happen at 后面跟的是时间、地点等状词.The recent earthquake in Janpan happened at 1、或其他集合名次和代名词What happened to you.The accident happened at near the corner of Main Street and Hill Avenue:48pm the day before yesterday.The same thing happened to John and his family last week.Please make sure this doesn't happen to us again?It happens to everybodyhappen to 后面跟的是人名、公司,补充说明发生的那件事情
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happen at 后面跟的是时间、地点等状词.The recent earthquake in Janpan happened at 1、或其他集合名次和代名词What happened to you.The accident happened at near the corner of Main Street and Hill Avenue:48pm the day before yesterday.The same thing happened to John and his family last week.Please make sure this doesn't happen to us again?It happens to everybodyhappen to 后面跟的是人名、公司,补充说明发生的那件事情
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（三）　例题解析 ?1?　 There ＿＿＿ a pencil?box on the desk．?A .is& B.　are&& C. has&& D. have［答案］ A.?［析］ There be 句形中的 be 动词要看其后面离它最近的名词而定，如： There are two books and a pencil on the desk? 但却可以讲 There is a pencil and two books on the desk??2?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??A?　Mrs King where lives B?　where does Mrs King live ?C?　where Mrs King lives D?　Mrs King lives where［答案］ C.?［析］ 宾语从句中的疑问句要用陈述语序。?3?　 Your brother came to see you， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　did he D?　didn't he ?［答案］ D.?［析］ 前句是肯定句，后面反意疑问句要用否定句，同时 came 为过去时态，所以应用 didn't he??4?　 It's getting cloudy， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does' it B?　doesn't it C?　is it D?　isn't it［答案］ D.?［析］ 要区分's 是 has 还是 is， 这里由 getting 得出's 是is。?5?　 ＿＿＿ keep me waiting so long．?A?　Not B?　Won't C?　Don't D?　Not to［答案］ C.?［析］ Don't ＋ 动词原形为祈始句的否定句。?6?　 Mr Green hasn't been to Beijing, ＿＿＿ ??A?　has he B?　hasn't he C?　did he D?　didn't he［答案］ A.?［析］ 此句 has 是助动词与过去分词构成现在完成时态。?7?　 You have your lunch at school, ＿＿＿ ??A?　have you B?　haven't you C?　do you D?　don't you ?［答案］ D.?［析］ 这里的 have 是实意动词"吃"，而不是助动词。?8?　 ＿＿＿ sunny day! Let's go out for a walk．?A?　How a B?　How C?　What a D?　What［答案］ C.?［析］ 这个感叹句是个省略句，其真实的句子应为 What a sunny day it is!?9?　 - Can you tell me ＿＿＿ ??& - Sure? She's a nurse??A?　where is your sister B?　where your sister is ?C?　what is your sister D?　what your sister is［答案］ D.?［析］ who 问的是姓名，如： Who is he? He is Smith? 或 He is my father? What 问的是职业，如： What is he? He is a teacher??10?　 John likes listening to the radio， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　doesn't John D?　does Johe［答案］ B.?［析］ 当名词作主语时，反意疑问句应用代词。?11?　 Neither you nor I ＿＿＿ on the team．?A?　are B?　were C?　am D?　is［答案］ C.?［析］ 由 neither … nor … 作连接词作主语时，其谓语动词要与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?12?　 ＿＿＿ delicious food! I'd like some more．?A?　what a B?　How a C?　What D?　How［答案］ C.?［析］ 因 food 为不可数名词。?13?　 ＿＿＿ there a cat under the chair??A?　Are B?　Is C?　Has D?　Have［答案］ B.?［析］ 这是 there be 句型的疑问句。?14?　 Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??A?　when the train will arrive B?　when the train arrived ?C?　when did the train arrive D?　when does the train arrives［答案］ A.?［析］ could 用于现在时疑问句表达了口气的委婉，并不是过去时态。且宾语从句要用陈述语句。?15?　 - ＿＿＿ bad weather!?- Yes， But it's going to be fine soon， I think??A?　How B?　What a C?　What an D?　What［答案］ D.?［析］ weather 为不可数名词。?16?　 - Could you tell me ＿＿＿ ??- Yes， They ＿＿＿ to the library??A?　where are the twins， have been B?　where were the twins， have been ?C?　where the twins are， have gone D?　where the twins were， have gone ［答案］ C.?［析］ have been to 是去过什么地方，而现在回来了。 have gone to 是到某地去了，人现在不在这里。?17?　 Go and ＿＿＿ the TV quickly? The volleyball match will begin right away．?A?　turn off B?　turn down C?　turn up D?　turn on ?［答案］ D.?［析］ 这是个祈使句，它由 and 连接两个动词。注意词组搭配的不同含义。18?　 Let's go for some tea， ＿＿＿ ??A?　shall we B?　will we C?　do we D?　don't we［答案］ A.?［析］ Let's go …， shall we? Let us go …， will you?这是两个特殊的反意疑问句。 19?　 Joan's short， ＿＿＿ ??A?　wasn't she B?　hasn't she C?　isn't she D?　doesn't she［答案］ C.?［析］ 在此句中应视's为is，而不是 has 或 was。?20?　 I don't know ＿＿＿ to read the word．?A?　which B?　what C?　whose D?　how［答案］ D.?［析］ 因不定式 to read 中的 read 是及物动词，已有自己的宾语 the word， 所以应用疑问副词 how。?21?　 He didn't go to school， ＿＿＿ he was ill．?A?　for B?　but C?　and D?　so［答案］ A.?［析］ 这里是表示因果的关系，从句表示原因，所以用 for，放于句尾，且常常前面有一个逗号。so 引起的是结果状语从句，如： He was only twelve， so he couldn't join the army??22?　 The young woman can hardly ride a bike， ＿＿＿ she??A?　doesn't B?　does C?　can't D?　can［答案］ D.?［析］ hardly 为否定词，所以应视此句为否定句。其后的反意疑问句应用肯定句。?23?　 Tom never goes to the cinema on Sundays， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does he B?　doesn't he C?　isn't he D?　is he［答案］ A.?［析］ never 也是否定词，所以应将句子看作否定句。?24?　 Mother said to him， "Don't ＿＿＿ on football．"?A?　spend too much time B?　to spend too much time ?C?　spend too many time D?　to spend too many time［答案］ A.?［析］ time 作为"时间"讲为不可数名词，应用 much 来修饰。当作"次数"讲是可数名词，如 three times 三次，而 Don't … 这一句是祈使句的否定句。?25?　 Mr White， together with some Japanese friends， ＿＿＿ visit our school this afternoon．?A?　are going to B?　is going to C?　have D?　has［答案］ B.?［析］ 句子的主语是Mr? White， 而together with … 是伴随状况，不影响句子的主语。?26?　 There is little water in the glass， ＿＿＿ ??A?　is it B?　is there C?　isn't it D?　isn't there［答案］ B.?［析］ 这是 there be 句型的反意疑问句。?27?　 Ampere was thinking about a maths problem， ＿＿＿ ??A?　didn't he B?　wasn't he C?　did he D?　is he［答案］ B.?［析］ 这是进行时态的反意疑问句。?28?　 She had a good time yesterday， ＿＿＿ she ??A?　wasn't B?　didn't C?　hasn't D?　isn't［答案］ B.?［析］ had 这里是实意动词而不是助动词。?29?　 We'll make ＿＿＿ for you in the front of the car．?A?　a room B?　room C?　rooms D?　some rooms［答案］ B.?［析］ room 此处为不可数名词，意为"地方，空间"。?30?　 Neither she nor I ＿＿＿ to the Great wall before．?A?　has gone B?　have gone C?　have been D?　has been［答案］ C.?［析］ 由neither … nor 连接两个主语时，其谓语动词应与相临近的那个主语相呼应。?31?　 Help me collect these books， ＿＿＿ ??A?　are you B?　will you C?　do you D?　shall you［答案］ B.?［析］ 祈使句的反意疑问句应用 will you， 而Let's go 例外，其反意疑问句为 shall we?32?　 The number of deer， mountain lions and wild roses ＿＿＿ change much if people leave things as they are．?A?　don't B?　doesn't C?　isn't D?　didn't［答案］ B.?［析］ the number of 为"……的数量、数目"，所以谓语动词用单数形式。而 a number of 要加复数名词，其谓语动词也用复数。?33?　 She's had breakfast， ＿＿＿ ??A?　is she B?　isn't she C?　hasn't she D?　has she ?［答案］ C.?［析］ 这里的's应视为 has??34?　 I wonder ＿＿＿ ．?A?　whose bicycle is it B?　it is whose bicycle?C?　is it whose bicycle D?　whose bicycle it is［答案］ D.?［析］ wonder 后的宾语从句应用陈述语序。?35?　 It is good for us ＿＿＿ morning exercises．?A?　do B?　to do C?　did D?　done［答案］ B.?［析］ 这里的 it 是形式主语，而真正的主语是不定式 to do …?36?　 Peter has sports very often， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does， Peter B?　doesn't he C?　doesn't Peter D?　does he ?［答案］ B.?［析］ has 这里是实意动词，而主语为名词时其反意疑问句中的主语要用代词。37?　 Mr? Black said， "Jenny， don't be late tomorrow?"?Mr? Black told Jenny ＿＿＿ ．?A?　don't be late tomorrow&& B?　didn't be late tomorrow ?C?　not be late next morning&& D?　not to be late the next day［答案］ D.?［析］ tell 一般要加双宾语，其间接宾语是 Jenny， 直接宾语是不定式。而这里用的是不定式的否定形式。?38?　 Li Mei read the newspaper to the granny， ＿＿＿ ??A?　does she B?　didn't she C?　did she D?　wasn't she［答案］ B.?［析］ read这里是过去时态，因其主语是第三人称单数，而 read 并未加 s 所以是过去时态。(read 的过去时与过去分词都是 read，只不过读音不同)?&& 二、 定 语 从 句?（一） 知识概要 ?定语从句并不属于中考范围，但由于作者在多年的教学中体会到，这一语法现象影响了许多学生自学英语。这些学生一般是成绩较好的学生，想进行大量来提高自己的英语水平，但总是碰到一些问题，百思不得其解。苦于自己的水平只限于初中水平，无法提高，但各种补习班又都是为一些水平较差的学生开设的，所以又投师无门。为了解决这部分学生的学习困难，也为那些有志青年铺平学习上的道路，特用这一节讲述定语从句，不是从语法上讲述，而是从阅读理解方面去讲述。可供同学们在学习时参考。这会对你的英语学习起到事半功倍的作用。?对于形容词我们已十分熟悉了，如： a good book， 形容词 good 用来修饰书 book。 我们也可以用一个句子来修饰名词，这种句子叫做形容词性从句，它起修饰名词的作用，又被叫做定语从句(The attributive clause)。但有一点不同的是这个从句不是像形容词那样放于名词前，而是放在名词之后。它所修饰的名词又被叫作先行词，如： Do you know the scientist who gave us the talk this afternoon? 这句中的主句是 Do you know the scientist? (你知道那位科学家吗?)而 who gave us the talk this afternoon (他今天下午给我们作的报告。)是定语从句。所以这两句话合为一体即是：你认识今天下午给我们作报告的那位科学家吗?这里 scientist 叫作先行词，而 who 叫作定语从句的引导词。 who 在定语从句中起主语的作用， who 的数与它的先行词相同。又如： You must do everything that I do? 这里先行词是 everything， 而 that I do 是定语从句，此句应译为：你必须作我所作的一切。 that 叫作定语从句的引导词，在句中作 do 的宾语。?引导定语从句的引导词有关系代词： that， which， who， whom， whose 和关系副词 when， where， why， how。不论关系代词还是关系副词，都应放于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，但它们都要在定语从句中起语法作用，充当一个成份。如关系代词在定语从句中不是作主语便是作宾语，而关系副词则是作状语。我们先来看关系代词的用法。①　that 的先行词可以是人也可以是物。如： A plane is a machine that can fly? 这里先行词是 machine 而 that 是关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。这句译为：飞机是一种会飞的机器。又如： I like the book (that) you lent me yesterday? 这里先行词是 book， 关系代词用 that， 它在定语从句中作 lend (借)的宾语。要注意的是关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略，即： I like the book you lent me yesterday?②　which 关系代词的先行词只能是物。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，如： The book shop is a shop which sells books? 这里 shop 是先行词， which 在从句中作主语。又如： The book (which) I read last night was wonderful? 这里主句是 The book was wonderful? 而定语从句是修饰主句的主语 book， 即我昨晚读的那本书，which 在定语从句中作 read 的宾语，可以省略。?③　who， whom， whose? who 在定语从句中作主语， whom 是 who 的宾格，在定语从句中作宾语，而 whose 则是形容词性物主代词，在从句中作定语，如：The man who visited our school yesterday is an American friend? 昨天参观我们学校的人是一位美国朋友。 Who 在定语从句中作主语。又如： Who's that woman (whom) you just talked to ? 你刚才与之谈话的那个女人是谁?而 whom 作定语从句中介词 to 的宾语，可以省略，而在现代英语中，句首的 whom 也常常可用 who代替。?This is our classmate， Mary， whose home is not far from our school? 这是我们的同学玛丽，她的家离我们学校不远。?为了便于理解，我们来看看是如何将两句话并为一句话的。?１．　 I saw the man.? He closed the door??I saw the man who (that) closed the door?2．　 The girl is happy? She won the race??The girl who won the race is happy?3．　 The students are from China? They sit in the front row??The students who sit in the front row are from China?(要注意的是先行词是 students 则 who 的数也应看作复数。)?4．　 We are studying sentences? They contain adjective dause??We are studying sentences that (which) contain adjective dause? ?5．　 The taxi driver was friendly? He took me to the airport??The taxi driver who took me to the airport was friendly? ?6．　 The book was good? I read it??The book that I read was good??The book I read was good? ?7．　 The people were very nice? We visited them yesterday??The people we visited yesterday were very nice?8．　 The man called the police? His wallet was stolen??The man whose wallet was stolen called the police?9．　 I come from a country? Its history goes back thousands of years??I come from a country whose history goes back thousands of years?10．　 I have to call the man? I picked up his umbrella after the meeting??I have to call the man whose umbrella I picked up after the meeting?关系代词 whom， which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years? 或可以写作：That was the room which we had lived in for ten years??He was the man whom(who) you were looking for? 要注意的是此句的关系代词 whom 可以用主格取代，而 look for 是短语动词也不可将 for 放于定语从句之前。that 作关系代词作介词宾语时，不能紧跟介词，而只能将介词置于定语从句的后面。如： The man that we were talking about has come to our school? 这时不可用 about that … 请看下面例句：?1．　 The meeting was interesting? I went to it??The meeting that I went to was interesting? ?2．　 The man was very kind? I talked to him yesterday??The man who I talked to yesterday was very kind?3．　 I must thank the people? I got a present from him??I must thank the people who I got a present from?4．　 The picture was beautiful? She was looking at it??The picture that (which) she was looking at was beautiful?5．　 The man is standing over there? I told you about him??The man who I told you about is standing over there??除关系代词外，还有关系副词， when， where， why， 其中 when用来指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。如： I never forget the day when I first came to the Great Wall? 而 where 则指地点，如： This is the house where the old man lives? 请看下面例句：1．　 The city was beautiful? We spent our vacation there??The city where we spent our vacation was beautiful??2．　 That is the restaurant? I will meet you there??That is the restaurant where I will meet you??3．　 The town is small? I grew up there??The town where I grew up is small??4．　 That is the drawer? I keep my newpapers there??That is the drawer where I keep my newspapers??5．　 Monday is the day? We will come then??Monday is the day? When we will came??6．　 ７∶０５ is the time My plane arrives then??７∶０５ is the time when my plane arrives??7．　 １９６０ is the year? The revolution took place then??１９６０ is the year when the revolution took place??8．　 July is the month? The weather is usually the hottest then??July is the month when the weather is usually the hottest? ?在定语从句中又可分为两大类定语从句，即限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。?①　限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉的话，主句的意思就不完整，意义就表述不明。这种句型一般定语从句紧接先行词，如：?I was the only person in my office who was invited??②　非限制性定语从句。它与主句的关系不十分密切，只是对其附加说明，也就是讲即便去掉定语从句，句意也不受影响，仍然清晰明了。这样的定语从句要在它和主句之间加一逗号分开。且关系代词不引导这种非限制性定语从句，如： Abraham Lincoln， who led the United States through these years， was shot on April １４，　１８６５ at a theatre in washington? Ｄ．　Ｃ．　又如：Galileo lived in the city of Pisa， where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high???（二） 正误辨析 ?［误］ I won't tell you the name of the person who teach me English? ?［正］ I won't tell you the name of the person who teaches me English? ?［析］ 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，从它本身看不出其数的形式，这时要由它的先行词决定。这里who 应由 the person 单数决定，应该用单数谓语动词。又如：I who am a student? want to find a spare time job?这里的 who 应与 I 是一致的，所以其谓语动词应该用am。? ［误］ We talked about the things and the people who we met during the Second World War? ?［正］ We talked about the things and the people that we met during the Second World War? ?［析］ 这里的关系代词不要用 who， 因为其先行词有两个一个是 things (物)，而另一个是people (人)，这时既不可用 who， 又不可用 which， 因前者只能用于先行词是人的情况下，而后者则用于先行词是物的情况下，所以只能用 that， 因为它的先行词既可以是人又可以是物。?［误］ The book， that I bought yesterday， was very good?［正］ The book， which I bought yesterday， was very good? ?［析］ 先行词与定语从句被逗号分割开来时，即作为非限制性定语从句。在非限制性定语从句中 which， when， who， whom， where， when， whose 等都可以和限制性定语从句中的作用一样，而独有 that 不易用于非限制性定语从句。?［误］ The dictionary which I lent it yesterday is a very useful tool? ?［正］ The dictionary which I lent yesterday is a very useful tool? ?［析］ 关系代词在定语从句中是要起语法作用的，它不是作主语就是作宾语。虽然在作宾语时它的位置由原来的宾语位置移到了句首，但它的作用依然存在，而且在原宾语位置上不能再出现宾语。?［误］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one which comes from America［正］ The teacher I want to learn English from is the one who comes from America ［析］ the one， anyone， those 作代词并且是指某人、物时，其关系代词不能用 which 应用 who。?［误］ This is the room in that the old man lives? ?［正］ This is the room in which the old man lives? ?［正］ This is the room which the old man lives in? ?［正］ This is the room that the old man lives in? ?［析］ that 不能紧跟在介词后作介词宾语，但如果介词不前置仍放于句尾，则可用 that 作引导词，而且可以省略。如： This is the room the old man lives in??［误］ I can do everything which is good for you? ?［正］ I can do everything that is good for you? ?［析］ 在先行词是 all， much， little， something， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one 等不定代词时，虽然它们指的是物体，但不要用 which 而用 that 作定语从句的引导词。?［误］ The only thing which the students can do is studying hard? ?［正］ The only thing that the students can do is studying hard? ?［析］ 在先行词前有 only， any， few， little， no， all， one of 等词修饰时，虽然先行词指的是物，也不要用 which 作关系代词，而要用 that。?［误］ This is the first American film which I've ever seen? ?［正］ This is the first American film that I've ever seen? ?［析］ 在先行词是序数词，或由序数词修饰时，其关系代词不可用 which? 这样的用法还有在形容词最高级修饰的先行词之后，如： This is the best book that I have ever seen［误］ He is from Africa, that we can see from the colour of the skin? ?［正］ He is from Africa, as we can see from the colour of the skin? ?［析］ 当 as 或 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，它可能没有明确的先行词，它们所指代的是前面整个句子。如例题应译为他是从非洲来这个事情是可以从其肤色上看出的。? 三、 常见习惯用语?（一）　知识概要 ?由于英语国家的语言习惯与中国的语言习惯有许多不同之处，所以造成了许多同学在做选择或书写，或与人交谈中造成误用中国方式来对英语的问句作解答。例如一个小女孩十分好看，可爱，外国人见到时会讲： You are so beautiful? 这时的答语应该是 Thank you? 如果外国人发现你的英语不错，他们会讲： Your English is very good? 这时中国人常常会说：不，我说的不好。这纯是一种礼貌的答语，但是不符合英语习惯。它正确的答语应是 Thank you? 虽然交际英语有一些规律可讲，但更重要的是学习外国的生活习惯，了解他们的文化背景，历史渊源，这样才能真正的学好一门外语。??（二）　正误辨析 ?［误］ - What can I do for you??- Yes， please help me? ?［正］ - What can I do for you??- I'd like to buy a sweater? ?［析］ What can I do for you? 这一问语实际上用于的情景很多，要根据具体情况而定。如在商店中售货员讲这句话应译为：您想要点什么?在其他场合也可以被译为：我能为您做些什么?它的答语应是直接讲出想让对方提供的帮助。?［误］ - Which colour do you like??- Sorry， I don't like? ?［正］ - Which colour do you like??- I prefer blue? ?［析］ 由 which 来提问的问句是要回答具体的选择，而不能泛指，泛泛的回答。如 Yes， I like it??［误］ Do you like to come with us tonight? ?［正］ Would you like to come with us tonight? ?［析］ Do you like … 问的是对方的习惯，如： Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like … 则是一次性的邀请、提议。邀请的英语表达法还有如下几种：?Shall we go? 我们走吧!?Let's go? 让我们走吧!?How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??Why not buy it? 为什么不买呢??其肯定答语一般为Certainly， Yes， O．Ｋ．　All right， With pleasure??［误］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting??Not at all? ?［正］ Sorry， I've kept you waiting??Never mind? ?［析］ "介意不介意"这一问法与答语在中英文中有所不同。如：?- Do you mind my smoking here??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?Ａ．　Yes， do it please??Ｂ．　No， of course not??Ｃ．　Yes， take it please??Ｄ．　No， you can't take it??这时正确的选择应是B。 其意为：不介意，当然不。而A选项则自相矛盾了，它应译为：是的我介意，请抽吧。而D选项是：不介意，你不能抽。当向对方争求意见时，可以有以下问法：Do you mind if I open the door??Would you mind mailing the letter for me??其答语如果是同意应为： Certainly not， not at all?而不同意时应为 Yes， 或 I'm sorry??［误］ What's that man??He is Mike? ?［正］ What's that man??He is a teacher? ?［正］ Who's that man??He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?［析］ 由 what 提问是问的职业，由 who 提问问的是姓名或身份。?［误］ - How much are they??- Half a kilo， please? ?［正］ - How many bananas do you want??- Half a kilo? Please? ?［析］ How much are they? 问的是价格而不是实际物品的多少。?［误］ I'm sorry， but is this the way to the park? ?［正］ Excuse me， but is this the way to the park? ?［析］ I'm sorry 是对已经做错了的事向对方道歉时的开始语。而 Excuse me? 是在打扰对方之前表达歉意的话。?［误］ - Have a good time tonight!?- You are the same? ?［正］ - Have a good time tonight!?- The same to you? ?［析］ The same to you 是表达我也祝您有个愉快的夜晚，它是美语中的习惯用法。?［误］ - What's the problem??- I've got a headache? ?［正］ What's wrong with you??I've got a headache? ?［析］ What's wrong with you? 是询问对方身体状态如何，而 What's the problem?是问对方遇到了什么麻烦。?［误］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??- Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?［正］ - Now， I'm back? Can I play??- I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?［析］ Perhaps 是表示对一种拿不准的事态的推论，如： Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 则表达一种不同意的态度。 be afraid 的几种用法有：?I'm afraid that you are right??其后直接加宾语从句。?- Will you come to my birthday party??- I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??其后＋not，表示否定。?- Sorry， I don't want to go there alone， I'm afraid of the dog??其后＋名词，表示对某人，某物的害怕。?Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??其后＋ of ＋ 动名词，表示害怕做某事。?Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??其后＋ 不定式，表示不敢去做某事。?［误］ - How soon will you be ready??- Two days? ?［正］ - How soon will you be ready??- In two days? ?［析］ 此题关键是要根据情景，身临其境，要注意的是对方问了什么，就应答什么。或答了什么就应问什么。 How soon 问的是"还有多久才能作完"，这时要用 in two days， 即在两小时之内即可以作完。如用 How long 提问，则答语可以用 two days。?［误］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??- I don't mind??- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?［正］ - Would you mind if I have some time off??- When exactly??- Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?［析］ 有的对话是复杂的，稍有不慎就有可能选错，而且英语中如选错了答案是不容易找出错来的。 I don't mind 是可以用来回答 Would you mind…这一提问的，但如仔细看一看则会发现我们要选用的不是陈述句而是疑问句。根据下面一句的答语来判定要用 when exactly? 什么时间，这样才能与下句中具体的时间相符合。?［误］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Who are you?" ?［正］ Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be "Hello? This is Tom speaking?" ?［析］ 在英语学习中，习惯用法实际上在某种情况，或某种意义上讲比语法更为重要。如果只从句子的角度上去分析，它们可能都是对的。比如，当你拿起电话时，如果你想知道对方是谁，可以问"Who's that(speaking)?"但不要讲"Who are you?"如果你想先介绍一下自己可以讲"This is ×××× speaking"而不要讲"I'm　××××"也不要讲"My name is ×××××．"　就语法而论，"Who are you?" "I'm ××××?""My name is ×××××?"并不错，也是英语中可用的句子，但就打电话这一场合，就不宜用了。?［误］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??- I don't hope so? ?［正］ - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??- I hope not? ?［析］ 由于初学者对实际英语口语中表达感情意愿的答语不熟悉，如在肯定答语中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的，但在否定句中却常用 I don't think so? 但I don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 则意为：我不信此事和我不希望此事发生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 则为：我想可能不会发生吧!?［误］ - Is anybody there??- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?［正］ - Is everybody there??- No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?［析］ 许多学生在写作和选择答语或问句时总要语法在前，而不是习惯用语在先。所以总是要拘泥疑问句中的不定代词，用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英语中为：这里有人吗?而Is everybody there?为：全都到齐了吗?所以首先要考虑的是其答语。 No， Bob and Tom have asked for leave??［误］ - Your handwriting is very good!?- No， my handwriting is very poor? ?［正］ - Your handwriting is very good!?- Thank you? ?［析］ 中国人遇到别人称赞，总是以谦逊为美德。但英美人则往往认为自信是美德。所以当别人夸奖你或赞美你时，就应说： Thank you? 又比如中国人见面时常讲 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人则认为你过多的干预别人的私生活了。而他们见面时往往问一些无关紧要的话，如： Hello! How are you going? (你过得怎样) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 则被认为是较正规的问候语，在日常生活中则十分少见。?［误］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I'll go first?" ?［正］ When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say： "Excuse me? I have to go?" ?［析］ 这两句答语都是正确的，其关键不是语法，而是习惯问题。如果在这样的场合你讲 I'll go first? 朋友们会迷惑不解，而 I have to go? 则表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要离去，而你本人则十分不愿做此事。?［误］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??- I'd like to， and I'm too busy? ?［正］ - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??- I'd like to， but I'm too busy? ?［析］ I'm too busy? 与 I'd like to? 在意义上正好相反。所以要用转折连词。这里考查了对词义合乎逻辑的表达能力。所以要强调语言环境，更要强调在语言的基础上的词语辨析。?［误］ - Where's Deter??- Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?［正］ - Where's Deter??- Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?［析］ 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的来与不来是十分不确定的，所以应用 may 来表达一个不肯定的事件。?［误］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?- Great? You look well too? ?［正］ - Hi， haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?- Thanks? You look well too? ?［析］ 要注意的是 Great 在口语中多表示惊叹，而 Thanks 则表示感谢对方的称赞。?所以对情景谈话要有准确的判定，要根据情景，身临其境，上下对照，周密思考，弄清场合，注意英美人的风俗习惯，注重语义上的词语辨析，并要进行大量的语言实践练习，扩大实际交际能力。??（三）　例题解析 ?1?　 - Would you like to have some rice??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Yes， I like B?　Yes， please C?　of course D?　Yes， I have?［答案］ B.?［析］ 当对方对你发出邀请的问语时，如果你想接受则讲 Yes， please? 如不想接受则用No， thanks??2?　 - Nice to see you??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Good morning B?　Happy to meet you， too ?C?　Nice to see you， too D?　Pleased to meet you， too?［答案］ C.?［析］ 虽然A、B、D三个选项都可以作为某种问候语的答语，但英语中问候语的答语多用重复对方的话，以表达同样的心情。?3?　 - Would you please give me some water??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Yes， I would B?　Certainly C?　No， thanks D?　Yes， please?［答案］ B.?［析］ 当对方发出十分礼貌的请求帮助的问语时，一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes， please? 为"是的，您请做某事吧"。这一含意显然不对。?4?　 - Thank you very much for helping me??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　You're welcome B?　It doesn't matter C?　No need D?　Don't say that?［答案］ A.?［析］ You're welcome 译为中文为：不用谢。而 It doesn't matter 则为：没关系。?5?　 - Hello， Lucy? How are you??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ And you??A?　Fine， thanks B?　Yes， I am C?　Glad to meet you D?　Good afternoon?［答案］ A.?［析］ 在正常交往中一定要避免所问非所答。所以对 How are you? 的答语应为"很好，谢谢!"?6?　 - Help yourself to some meat??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　It sounds nice． B?　Yes， please． ?C?　Yes， Let's help each other． D?　Thank you．?［答案］ D.?［析］ Help yourself to some meat． 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意为主人劝客人不要客气，像在家里一样。?7?　 - Oh， I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Fine， How are you? B?　Never mind? Take care ?C?　Well， I 'm sure to get weel soon． D?　I'm sorry to hear that? ?［答案］ D.?［析］ 这是美国、英国的习惯用语，而B、 C则是中国人常讲的答语。?8?　 - Meimei you speak English very well??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　No， I don't think so B?　Thank you very much?C?　Not good enough D?　That's all right?［答案］ B.?9?　 - "Kate， could you answer the telephone， please?"?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ , Mum? I'll get it．?A?　Yes， I could B?　No， thanks ?C?　O?K? D?　Yes， but I have no time?［答案］ C.?［析］ 要注意 could 用于口语中是为了讲话的口气委婉，但它不是过去时态，也不是助动词，而应看作情态动词。所以在答语中则不应这样用。?10?　 - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　No， thanks． B?　With pleasure． ?C?　I'm not afraid． D?　I'm sure you will．?［答案］ B.?［析］ With pleasure? 是英语中的一句十分客气的答语，用在当对方因你的帮助或你的许诺向你道谢时，表达自己十分乐意为对方效力的口气。?11?　 - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster， please??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Hold on， please． B?　That's the headmaster， please． ?C?　Who are you ? please． D?　Sorry? I'm not the headmaster．?［答案］ A.?［析］ hold on， please? 是指请对方等一等不要将电话放下的用语。如果要讲我就是的话不能用 that， 而要用 this， 在电话用语中 that 指对方， this 指自己。?12?　 - Happy birthday!?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Thank you． B?　The same to you． ?C?　Good luck． D?　Congratulations．?［答案］ A.?［析］ the same to you 是同样祝贺对方的意思，不能用于生日这一祝贺语，除非两人的生日在同一天。?13?　 - I'm sorry I don't know the way， either? You'd better ask that policeman for help?? - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Good night． B?　That's nothing． ?C?　Very well． D?　Thank you all the same．?［答案］ D.?［析］ 当向对方求助时，对方无能为力，这时的感谢语则为 Thank you all the same? 意为不管如何还是要谢谢你。?14?　 - I fell and hurt my leg last week， So I can't do anything??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I'm sorry B?　Don't worry C?　Good luck D?　Bad luck?［答案］ D.?［析］ 如果用A则要用 I'm sorry to hear that?而不能单用 I'm sorry? 因I'm sorry 是向对方道歉。而 bad luck 为真是不幸啊。?15?　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?- I have got a cough??A?　What's your trouble? B?　What have you got? ?C?　Why did you come here? D?　Have you got a cough??［答案］ A.?［析］ What's your trouble? 多用于问对方有什么问题、麻烦或得了什么病。这种用语还有 What's wrong with you??16?　 - Would you like to go shopping with me??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Yes， I'd love to． B?　That's right． C?　Yes， please． D?　Quite well．?［答案］ A.?［析］ 表示愿意作某事应讲：I'd love to? I'd like to??17?　 - What's the weather like today!?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　It's nice for a walk． B?　I like autumn best of all．?C?　It will be fine tomorrow． D?　It's rather cold today．?［答案］ D.?［析］ 本题要注意问的是什么，不要所问非所答。因问题是今天的天气怎样，所以只能选D18?　 - Is Jane in ，please? I want to speak to her??- Sorry， she is out? You'd better ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　visit her in the office B?　call her later ?C?　see her this afternoon D?　speak to her yourself?［答案］ B.?［析］ call her later 晚些时候再来电话。?19?　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?- Very well， thank you， and you??A?　How do you do? B?　Good morning? ?C?　How are you these days? D?　How do you like English??［答案］ C.?［析］ 本题是由答语来推断问话，所以应熟悉英语的问答习惯： How do you do? 的答语应为 How do you do??20?　 - How is your mother??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　She is old． B?　She is no better than she was． ?C?　She is kind?hearted． D?　She is in her forties．?［答案］ B.?［析］ How is your mother? 问的是你妈身体如何，而B选项则是"她不比以前强"。而其他三个选项则是所问非所答。?21?　 - Thank you very much for your help??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　You're welcome B?　Please don't C?　There's no trouble D?　No， no?［答案］ A.?22?　 Your uncle has taken you to the cinema? Afterwards you thank him? He says " ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．"?A?　It was nothing B?　I'm glad you enjoyed it ?C?　Don't say it D?　No， needn't?［答案］ B.?［析］ 这是英语的答语，千万不要选A，因它是中文习惯的答语。?23?　 - Thank you for your good present??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　It's not good B?　No， no C?　My pleasure D?　Never mind?［答案］ C.?24?　 When someone did a good deed for you， you should say ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A.you are too good B.It's very kind of you& C.you are very kind D.I'll thank you［答案］ B.?25?　 - I am very sorry? I am late for dinner? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A.No， you aren't B.That's all right& C.Yes， you are D.No， you don't［答案］ B.?［析］ That's all right? 没关系。?26?　 - I'm sorry if I hurt you??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I'm sorry B?　It's not true ?C?　It doesn't matter D?　Don't say sorry?［答案］ C.?27?　 - I should have gone to see the exhibition with you? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I'm sorry B?　What a pity ?C?　It doesn't matter to me D?　That's terrible［答案］ B.?［析］ What a pity. 真遗憾。第一句应为我真该和你一起去展览会。?28?　 - Help yourself to some fish??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　You are very kind B?　Yes， I'm helping myself ?C?　Thank you D?　Yes， don't worry about me［答案］ C.?29?　 - Are you ready??-______ ．?A?　I'm very sorry B?　Try to be patient ?C?　Not yet， wait a minute D?　Do you have the time， please?［答案］ C.?［析］ not yet 意为还没有完成。?30?　 - Mum， I have passed the exam??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　That's all right B?　Congratulations C?　You are luck D?　Good luck to you［答案］ B.?31?　 - I think I have to leave? I hope we can get together again??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　All right B?　That's all right C?　O?K? D?　I hope so， too［答案］ D.?32?　 Must I wait till he comes back? ? ．?A?　No， you needn't B?　No， you mustn't ?C?　No， you may not D?　No， you can't［答案］ A.?［析］ must 提问表示必须这样做吗?而肯定句要用 must， 表示必须做，而否定句则要用 needn't 表示没有必要做。?33?　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ I pay you the house rent right away??- Yes， you have to do it??A?　Shall B?　Way C?　Must D?　Have［答案］ C.?34?　 - Don't you think this colour is too bright? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　Yes， I agree． B?　Yes， but I don't think so． ?C?　Yes， of course not． D?　Yes， what's wrong?［答案］ A.?35?　 - It was cold yesterday??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　So was it B?　So it was C?　I believe not so D?　I believe not［答案］ B.?［析］ 当答语只是重复对方讲的话时，则不用倒装。因 so it was即为：是的，天气昨天很冷。而当讲前面讲的动作也适合于另一个人时，则要倒装。如： I went to the cinema yesterday? So did I? 表示对方去了电影院，我也去了。?36?　 - What do you think of the song??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I like music very much B?　I like it too ?C?　With pleasure D?　It sounds sweet［答案］ D.?［析］ sound 在这里是系动词，为听起来很甜美。系动词后要用形容词，而不要用被动语态。?37?　 Do you like tea or coffee?? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Yes， I do B?　Thank you C?　That's fine D?　Either will do［答案］ D.?［析］ either will do? 为两者哪个都可以。?38?　 I like your sweater very much?? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　No， it's ugly B?　Sorry C?　Thank you D?　You're welcome［答案］ C.?［析］ 这是英美语言的习惯。?39?　 He likes travelling by train? ? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　So do I B?　I dos C?　I like so D?　I like it， neither［答案］ A.?40?　 - How do you like your school??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I like it very much B?　It's very beautiful?C?　I doesn't like it D?　Very well［答案］ B.?［析］ How do you like … 是问你们学校是怎样值得你热爱的。也就是为什么你热爱你的学校。?41?　 What a nice day! ? ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?A?　You're right． B?　No， isn't it? C?　Yes， isn't it? D?　Really?［答案］ C.?［析］ Yes， isn't it? 是的，难道不是个好天气吗??42?　 - Hello， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ??- This is Della speaking??A?　Who are you B?　Are you Tom ?C?　Who is that D?　Please tell me who are you［答案］ C.?［析］ 电话用语中 that 指对方，而 this 指自己。?43?　 -What's he like? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　He likes English B?　He is old ?C?　He is like a farmer D?　He is tall and this［答案］ D.?［析］ 要区分 What's he like? 如 What does he like? 前者为：他长得什么样?而后者是：他喜欢什么。?44?　 How did you do your job? ?Not very well， ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　I'm sure B?　I am afraid C?　Thank you D?　I'm sorry［答案］ B.?［析］ I am afraid 我恐怕是，我想是。?45?　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ your aunt??-She is a principal of a middle school??A?　What does B?　Where does C?　What is D?　Whom is［答案］ C.?46?　 - ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ?- He is my boss??A?　What's the man? B?　Who is the man? ?C?　How is the man? D?　What does the man do?［答案］ B.?47?　 - May I have your name? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　No， no B?　You're polite C?　Call me John D?　It's kind of you?［答案］ C.?48?　 - Shall I make coffee for you? ?- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Yes， thank you B?　No， don't trouble ?C?　Don't trouble this， thank you D?　No， don't make it?［答案］ A.?49?　 - Could you show me the way to Mr? Buown's office??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　Not at all B?　I'm sure C?　All right D?　I can do it?［答案］ C.?50?　 - Shall we go swimming tomorrow afternoon??- ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿ ．?A?　It's very kind of you B?　You are so thoughtful ?C?　That's a good idea D?　Yes， we'll go?［答案］ C.?&& 四、 完形与阅读?（一）　知识概要 ?完形是一种在语意封闭的情况下考察学生阅读能力及掌握语言基础知识能力的综合性题目。?学生应根据语义完整、语法正确的原则进行通篇阅读。借助文章的现成文字，通过逻辑思维，联系上下文，推断出可能的答案。然后再从所给选择答案中逐空选出在通读全文时脑海中已出现的答案填入空内。试推想在小学五六年级时去读"西游记"，"水浒传"，你也并非每个字都认得，每句话都能真正理解。但你还是可以明了全文的意思，读得有滋有味。这就是语言能力。所以完形填空考查的就是你能否在缺字，不认得字、词语的情况下，能否全面理解文章的正确意思，然后选入适当的词语。在选择后还要前后彼此呼应反复验证所选答案。有时答案一时不易验证，不要急于顺序填写，可能在填出后面答案时，而得到前面的答案。有时则需运用所学的词法、句法、时态和固定搭配等知识对4个选项进行分析，比较、排除干扰项，确定正确的答案。?待答案全部选定后，一定要复读全文以验证：①　所选答案是否能使全文流畅，逻辑推理是否正确。②　具体实事是否成立，前后关系是否理顺。③　语法是否正确，其中包括时态的选择、词汇选择、固定搭配等。在通读全文时最好在可能的条件下将所选答案填入文章中，反复阅读。而不要在文章空中只写选项的代号，这样影响全文的理解，不易找出错误之处。在做完形填空时，应注意以下几点：?（１）　重视首句，首段的开篇启示作用，读懂了第一句，或第一段有可能预测到全篇大意。（２）　一定要顾及上下文间的语意联系。在完形填空的设计中，一般是以语义为第一要素同时兼顾语法。有的4个选项单独填入这个单句中全是正确的，但拿到文中从下文联系起来看，则文理不通。为此要通篇考虑，顾及上下文的联系是十分重要的。?（３）　要坚持语意第一的原则，而语法应放于第二位。完形填空形式上是一种单项选择式的考察。但实质上也是一种阅读能力和学生重建文意能力的考察。它一般是利用语法的正确性与内容排斥性的矛盾而命题的。所给答案大都是离开上下文均可说得通的。但语意上辩析、排斥才能找到答案。例如：?It took Charlie Mui several months to save up seven dollars? He wanted to ______ a model plane and went to the shop with the money??A?　sell B?　buy C?　hold D?　bring?这里肯定需要一个动词，所给答案也都是动词，但只能从意义上考虑而选B项。?（４）　要认真注意细节，做到语法正确。一些答案在意义上讲都是正确的，但从线索上看要找出语法正确的答案。如：?Ｍr Evans is an old man of about sixty? His wife died a few years ago? His children ______ him by then．?A?　left B?　would leave C?　have left D?　had left?答案应为D。这句话正确的语意都是"离开"，但仔细发现有 by then 之说，由此可得出这是个动作的截止时间，应选为 had left 过去完成时态。?下面再看一些例子。?（１）　语意第一原则?A young father was visiting an old neighbour? They were standing in the old man's garden? and talking about ______ ．?A?　trees B?　flowers C?　children D?　old people?那么他们谈论的中心是什么呢?可能是树、花，由于他们是在花园里谈论。但如果前后的段落配合看，则其谈论的也可能是孩子和老年人。这就是要求我们切勿望文生义。?（２）　语法正确，注意细节的原则?在语意正确的前题下，还要根据学过的语法知识，及词语的固定搭配，选择正确答案。?如：One night the dog began to bark suddenly? It made Mr Erens ? ______ ①______ ? to sleep? He had to get up and tried his ?______ ② ______ ? to stop it， but the beast wouldn't stop， and kept on ?______ ③ ______ ???①　A?　go not B?　not go C?　not to go D?　to not go?②　A?　well B?　good C?　better D?　best?③　A?　bark B?　to bark C?　barking D?　barked?以上3个小题中所给答案从语意上都是正确的，这就要求选择语法正确的那一个。?第一空中根据句子结构，要填一个宾语补足语。而动词 make 后面的定语补足语应省去不定式符号 to， 且其否定式 ＋ not，即不定式的否定式为 not to do， 而省去 to 后则应为 not do． 在动词前直接＋ not?故应选B。?而第二个空显然是一个固定搭配。语意上为： Mr? Erens 尽力地阻止狗叫，所以应选D。 try one's best 是尽力而为之意。?第三个空显然是 keep on doing something 连续不断之意，应选 ing 的动词形式。其答案为C。?（３）　根据所给答案的不同词类，从不同角度分别考虑选择?完形填空所给的词往往是不同类的，这就要求对不同词类作不同考虑。如果所缺的是动词，那么首先在选择语意正确的前提下，考虑动词的时态、语态和是否是要填入非谓语动词。若是介词或副词则要考虑是否固定搭配，以及介词、副词在结构和意义上的选择。若是连词，则应更多地从句子结构和上下文的连接上选择。若是代词，则应考虑性、数、格等方面，以及形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。?例如： A man and his wife had a small bar near a station? They often worked late into the night， ?______ ① ______ ? people came to drink there while they were ? ______ ② ______ ? trains??At two o'clock one morning， one man was still at a table in the small bar? He was asleep? The bar man's wife wanted to leave? She looked ?______ ③ ______? the bar several times， and each time the man was ? ______ ④ ______ ? there? Then at last she went to her husband and said to him， "You ? ______ ⑤ ______ ? that man six times， George ，? ______ ⑥ ______? he isn't drinking anything?"?①　 A?　as soon as B?　because C?　so D?　though ?②　 A?　catching up with B?　getting on C?　looking after D?　waiting for ?③　 A?　at B?　for C?　into D?　out of ?④　 A?　always B?　often C?　still D?　already ?⑤　 A?　have woken B?　wake C?　had woken D?　will wake ?⑥　 A?　and B?　but C?　yet D?　too ?从文中看，第一选项，由于给了不同的连词，从意义选择应为B。第二选项均为分词形式，也应从语意上选择，其答案是D。 第三选项给了四个介词，而 into 则是从外向里观看，所以应选C。第四项是副词 still 意为仍然，从意义上应选择C。 而第五项所给的是同个动词，只是时态不同。从故事情景看，只能选完成时态A。 而最后一个选项是连词，由于句意则只能用 but 转折连词。?从目前完形填空初中阶段的考察看，除语意第一外，更多地选择了单词的用法及意义，动词的时态，短语和惯用法等。为此，要做好完形填空题目，除有较好的阅读能力外，更要有扎实的语言基础知识及日常生活的逻辑推理能力。?阅读理解能力在教学大纲中有明确的要求。它是目前条件下考查学生英语运用能力的常规题型之一，也是分值最高的题型之一。学生的阅读理解能力如何，标志着学生继续深入学习的潜力有多大，它是集语法，词汇，逻辑推理背景知识于一体的综合语言能力的测试。它除对学生的阅读理解的正确性进行测试外，同时从阅读速度、技巧、文化背景常识等方面对学生进行测试。?从近年各地中考题分析看，阅读类测试除为一般常规测试题型外，在试题中所占分值较大，为此应引起学生特别注意。?如何做好阅读理解题呢?首先要求考生有足够的基础知识和较好的阅读速度以及技巧方面的训练。同时还要注意以下几个方面的问题。?1?　要了解阅读测试的重点?如上所述，阅读过程是一个综合作用的过程，为此阅读的测试就不能仅将着眼点放在语言结构的测试上，而是通过看，通过阅读获取信息的能力。?在阅读一篇文章时，我们首先会想到：①　文章说的是什么事情(即中心思想是什么)。②　事情发生的时间、地点、人物是什么。③　作者所持态度如何。④　结论是什么。?有些说明性信息在文章中容易获取，如：时间、数字、地点、人物等。有些信息如作者的态度，事件的结论，中心思想，文章的标题，则需通过文中线索，说明信息等等去分析推断才能获取。而这些说明性及内隐性的信息正是阅读理解的测试重点内容。而其难点在于理解、推断、得出结论时，应从英语国家的风俗习惯、语言习惯、宗教信仰、民族问题等方面来考虑，而不是仅从中国人的语言习惯来作推论。这也是这方面的难点之一。?例： John drove a taxi through the busy streets of Boston every day??John was ?____________A?　a manager B?　a driver C?　a policeman D?　a dustman ?由此我们应能由drive a taxi 来得出结论约翰是位出租车司机而不是别的什么人。?例：Mrs Barker's sister was ill?　She had someone to look after her from Monday to Friday， but not at the weekend， so every Friday evening Mrs Baker used to go off to spend the weekend at her home in a neighboring town…?This meant that Mr?　Baker … First he had to drive home from the station?　Then he had to drive his wife to the station to catch her train??Who was ill? ____________ ??A?　Mr?Baker B?　Mrs Baker?C?　Mr?　Baker's sister D?　Mrs Baker's sister?从这些只言片语中可以看出有三个人物出场，而问题的设计是表浅的，只要细心即可。?［答案］ D.?从中考阅读命题中，由于考虑到考生的能力有限，和大部分学生毕业的要求，语言结构的测试占很大一部分比重。但对于要考入重点中学的学生来讲，仅仅几分较高要求的题目可能会决定他们的升学命运。因为这一部分分值是往往使学生棘手的那些隐性问题的测试。如：?Like many other families in 1870， Katie Olson and her family had come to the grassy plains of Kansas?　Katie liked the prairie and their new sold house?　But with no friends to play with， she was very lonely?　Besides her mother and father， she had only her little brother， Matt， for company?　She missed their old home in Wisconsir?　?Then one day her father had exciting news?　Some settlers had bought the farm near the Olson's land?　Katie became so excited on hearing the news that she thought she might burst?　She begged her father to let her ride over with him to greet their new neighbors??The two rode across the prairie?　They found Mr?　and Mrs Laski were hard at working building their sod home?　Katie was disappointed?　She had hoped there would be some children to play with?　But soon Mr Laski called out?" Anna， and Carl,　come out of the wagon?" A boy and a girl?　jumped down and came over to Katie?　Katie didn't believe it?　Her wish had come true??1?　 Who was the most important person in the story??A?　Matt B?　Katie C?　Mr Laski D?　Anna and Carl ?2?　 What was Katie's problem in the story??A?　She had no friend. B?　She didn't like Kansas.?C?　She couldn't ride a horse. D?　She didn't like Anna and Carl. ?从上文中看，信息的获得不是直接的，而是必须通过整个文章的阅读，理清人物关系，掌握中心思想，才能作出正确的判定。如第一问故事中人物众多，但一直到读完才知，故事讲述了一个女孩Katie的事情。则她是故事的中心，所以应选择B?　第二问是测试通过阅读是否了解了人物的心理情绪。这些信息必须通过线索，综合判定，从而其结论是A。?2?　阅读理解的解题思路和方法?阅读理解的测试点是在通过由于阅读所能够获取信息的能力上，所以解题思路的重点应放在：(1) 通读全文，了解文章的主题和大意；了解作者的写作目的、对事件的态度上。?People sometimes change their way of doing business?　In a village in Africa， people are using money for the first time?　They're doing business with the world? ?Before this tribe (部落) used money， people came to the market in the village to trade (交易) things they had for things they needed?　Now people must use money to buy what they want??Before using money， people helped one another?　Their father who was head of the family， gave food， and clothing to his sons and their families?　In return， the sons worked for their father?　Now people no longer work for one another free?　Instead， they are paid for the work they do??When a new road was needed. Everyone in the village helped build it,　Now people must pay money to the village chief (首领) for roads and schools?　The chief hires workers to build these new projects?　More and better roads and schools are being built?It is not easy for people to change a way of doing business?　To change from trading goods to using money takes time??①　 The story doesn't say so， but it makes you think that ____________.?A?　family members often quarrel (争吵) about money?B?　Africans do not change their way of doing business?C?　Africans refuse to use money?D?　families do not help one another in the same way now ?［答案］ D.?②　 On the whole this story is about ____________ ??A?　the life of some Africans B?　changing from goods to using money?C?　people helps one another D?　building roads across Africa ?［答案］ B.?从以上的问题看，所设提问均不是对某个具体事实。而是真对整篇文章，由此可见通读全文，掌握中心和作者的态度的重要性。?(2) 要注重文句间的相互关系。既注重主要情节又不可忽视细节。中考中阅读命题很多情况下是对事件的某个细节而进行测试的。?例：… on Saturday afternoon they began with the back of the house?　The next Saturday Tom went to a football match while his wife painted the front of the house?　The next day they found they couldn't open any of the front windows?　They get them open at last， but they broke three of the seven and they were very expensive to repair?①?　 They lasted for about ______ days??A?　two B?　three?C?　more than seven D?　Less than seven ?［答案］ A.?②?　 They had to get someone to make repair for ______ windows??A?　seven B?　four C?　ten D?　three?［答案］ D.?第一问中，如不分析第一句和第二句中的两个 Saturday， 很可能会选择答案C。事实上，他们只干了两个 Saturday， 而不是从这个星期六到下个星期六的7天时间。而第二问是他们弄坏了所有7个窗户中的3个，所以应选D。?(3) 特别注意首尾句在整个文章中的作用，以及它起到的启示和结论性作用。?例： Man has a big brain?　He can think， learn and speak…?…but no animal learns when we speak? Scientists do not really know?　They only know that man can speak because he has a big brain??这篇文章只要我们注意了首尾句，即可得出结论，它是讲述人类大脑与语言的关系的。人脑的其中一个作用是使他拥有语言，也就是和动物 apes， dogs 有了根本的区别。这样这篇文章的许多细节可以迎刃而解了。?①?　 In what way are men different from animals??A?　Men can understand things quickly. B?　Men can learn.?C?　Men have learned language. D?　Men have brains. ?［答案］ C.?②?　 Scientists now know ?______?A?　how children learn to speak B?　why apes can learn a few words?C?　men's brain helps him to learn to speak D?　what happens when men speak?［答案］ C.?③?　 What is the topic the writer wants to talk about??A?　ape's language B?　men's brain and language?C?　human brain D?　animals' learning?［答案］ B.?以上只是做阅读练习中的一般分析，要取得优异成绩，还有赖于扎实的阅读基础和语言能力，以及平时的技巧训练和刻苦练习。要坚持每天至少读三四篇文章，以逐步提高自己的英语水平。(二) 例题解析?通读下面短文，掌握其大意。然后从短文后各题所给的四个选项中选择最佳的一项。?Once there was a clever farmer?　Though he was poor， he decided one day to take the king a roast goose (烤鹅) as a present?　He had not had ?____ 1 ____?to cat that day， and soon the ?____ 2 ____ ? of the roast goose became too much for him as (当……时) he ? ____ 3 ____ ? it to the king， so he ate one of its legs??When he came before the king and gave him the goose， the king ?____ 4 ?____ saw that it had only one leg??Now， the king ?____ 5 ____ ? was born with one bad leg， so he had never been able to ?____ 6 ____ ? properly (正常地)?　When he saw the goose with only one leg， he thought the farmer had ?____ 7 ____ ? this to laugh at him?　Of course he was very ?____ 8 ____ ??　The farmer was told that if anybody laughed at the king， he would be ?____ 9____ ? at once??"Where is ____? 10 ____ ? leg of the goose?" the king asked??" All the geese (goose 的复数) in this ? ____ 11 ____ ? of the country have one leg only， " the farmer answered??"Do you think I'm a fool(傻子)?" the king shouted??"____? 12 ____ ?，" said the farmer， "if you look out of the window， you will see geese with one leg by the ? ____ 13____ ??"?The king looked， and there the geese were ? ____ 14 ____ ? on one leg beside the water?　The king at once told one of his men to ? ____ 15 ____ ? them with a big stick， and of course， they ? ____ 16 ____ ?their other legs and ran away??"There， " said the king?　" You were lying(说谎)?　That ? ____ 17 ____ ? that the geese here have two legs， like all other ? ____ 18 ____ ? in the country?"?"But it doesn't show anything，" answered the farmer， "if your men threw a big stick like that at me， I would grow two ? ____19 ____ ? legs myself to help me to run away ____? 20 ____ ??"1?　A?　less B?　all C?　little D?　much2?　A?　head B?　neck C?　smell D?　temperature3?　A?　returned B?　carried C?　sent D?　handed4?　A?　at once B?　at last C?　by then D?　on time5?　A?　once B?　really C?　himself D?　yet6?　A?　come B?　walk C?　see D?　eat7?　A?　kept B?　done C?　made D?　found8?　A?　sorry B?　worried C?　sad D?　angry9?　A?　helped B?　killed C?　saved D?　covered10?　A?　other B?　another C?　that D?　the other11?　A?　city B?　village C?　farm D?　part12?　A?　Certainly not B?　Of course C?　That's nothing D?　Never mind13?　A?　hole B?　forest C?　lake D?　house14?　A?　swimming B?　resting C?　flying D?　lying15?　A?　fill B?　lock C?　hit D?　keep16?　A?　sent up B?　put down C?　did with D?　moved away17?　A?　shows B?　talks C?　sees D?　knows18?　A?　geese B?　animals C?　legs D?　farmers19?　A?　slower B?　faster C?　less D?　more20?　A?　more slowly B?　more carefully C?　faster D?　earlier ［答案］ 1?　D 2?　C 3?　B 4?　A 5?　C6?　B 7?　B 8?　D 9?　B 10?　D11?　D 12?　A 13?　C 14?　B 15?　C16?　B 17?　A 18?　A 19?　D 20?　C 其中1选 much是应能从文章字里行间中猜到的，它应为much food to eat?　而将food 省略。2要知道 smell 可以作系动词，但也可以作名词，而4则为多个短语的词语辨析：at once 立刻， at last 最终， by then 到那时为止，on time 准时。所以应为at once?　7则要熟悉英语的习惯用法，即干这件事要用do，而不用make?　10之所以要用D则是因为鹅有两只腿，由于只剩一只而问另一只哪里去了，要用特指的定冠词。而 other 则为泛指的形容词，一般指复数， another虽然也指单数，但也应用于泛指的情况。而11题因其后有 of the country， 是在乡村的这个部分，所以只能用part?　country 是不可数名词作"乡村"讲，作为可数名词则作"国家"讲。而作"乡村"讲时，前面的定冠词不可少。19则是要通读全文才知道鹅一只腿站立体息，而一被哄赶则放下另一只腿跑走了，人是两条腿站着，当被哄赶时那应是再长出两条腿奔跑着逃走。由此可见中考的难题越来越不在语法项，而在阅读和完形上用以选拔高质量的学生。?We were going to play a team from a country school?　They didn't come until the game time arrived?　They looked ? ____ 1 ____ ? than we had thought?　They were wearing dirty blue jeans (仔裤) and looked like farm boys?　We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before??We all sat down?　We felt that we didn't ? ____ 2 ____ ? any practice (训练) against a team like that??It was already so late that no ? ____ 3 ____ ? could be given to them for a warm?up??The game began??One of our boys ? ____ 4 ____ ? the ball and he shot (掷) a long pass to our forward (前锋)?　From out of nowhere a boy in a dirty T?shirt ____ 5____ ? the pass and with a beautiful form (姿势) he shot and got two points (分)??They ? ____ 6 ____ ? us??Then they got another ? ____ 7____ ? of points in a minute??Soon it was all over?　The country team ? ____ 8____ ? us??We certainly learned that even though a team is good， there is usually another ? ____ 9 ____ ? a little better?　But the important lesson learned was: One can't tell a man， or a team， by the ? ____10 ____ ???1?　A?　stronger B?　younger C?　worse D?　less2?　A?　get B?　try C?　use D?　need3?　A?　basket B?　space C?　ball D?　time4?　A?　got B?　played C?　missed D?　carried5?　A?　caught B?　changed C?　started D?　stopped6?　A?　surprised B?　kept C?　broke D?　hit7?　A?　half B?　pair C?　group D?　double8?　A?　won B?　saved C?　beat D?　joined9?　A?　just B?　already C?　about D?　almost10?　A?　T?shirts B?　clothes C?　places D?　points ［答案］ 1?　C 2?　D 3?　D 4?　A 5?　D6?　A 7?　B 8?　C 9?　A 10?　B ［析］ 在1题中可以看出stronger， younger worse， less 四个选项全可以选，语法是正确的。从文章开始到这里并看不出其原因为什么要选择C，这时只能将其选择空出往后面看，所以提醒考生要注意的是千万不要一一对完形填空作出选择，有很多情况 是后面的情景决定了前面的选择。当看到 We even thought that they had never seen a basketball before 和 We felt that we didn't need (2) any practice against a team like that?　则就肯定会得到第一个空的选项决不是比我们强壮，也不可能是少，更不可能是年轻、而是球技不佳，比我们差得很远。?而5题是要仔细考虑才能得到正确的结论。这四个动词都可以用在篮球运动中，但要注意的是，其后面的名词是pass，在这里应译为"长传"。而这个长传这里决不是开始，而是被截住了。所以这里应用stopped。 即"拦截了一个长传。"而 caught 的宾语应换为ball球就对了。B 选项为"改变"，用于这里就不合题意了。而7项虽然很多人都知道篮球规则，投一球按两分计算，但这里应选哪个词则拿不准了，主要在B选项与D选项之间发生了问题。不知double的真实意义是"加倍，翻一翻"之意，还是"一对，一双，两倍"之意。其困难点还有9项，它的选择应为 just，这是由全文所决定的。它的意思是不论一个队多么好，总会有一个队会比你强出一点儿，哪怕是仅仅一点点。这也就是完形填空不易拿满分之处。这里要提醒大家的是：语言是十分灵活的，要经常不断地学习思考才会有所进步。?Peter was a small boy?　He lived with his parents in a small house near some hills?　The people there were all poor??One night it was very dry and windy??When everybody was asleep， Peter suddenly heard some noise?　It came out from the kitchen (厨房)?　He got up and walked to the kitchen?　He found that the wood beside the stove (火炉) was burning?　There was no water tap (水龙头) in the house， so he could not put out (扑灭) the fire?　He shouted loudly to wake up everyone in the house?　Then he ran out of his house and knocked on the doors of many houses to wake the people up?　They all left their houses quickly??At last the fire was put out by the firemen?　Many houses were burnt?　But nobody was hurt in the fire??1?　 Peter lived with his ______ ??A?　sisters B?　brothers C?　uncles D?　parents ?2?　 One night he found that ______ beside the stove was burning??A?　the table B?　the wood C?　the door D?　the window?3?______　 ， so he could not put out the fire??A?　Everybody was asleep B?　He couldn't shout loudly?C?　The kitchen was very big D?　There was no water tap in the house?4?　 Peter knocked on the doors of many houses ______z??A?　to wake the people up B?　to get some water?C?　to find his classmates D?　to visit them ?5?______　 hurt in the fire??A?　People in other houses were B?　Peter's parents were?C?　Nobody was D?　Peter was ?［答案］ 1?　D 2?　B 3?　D 4?　A 5?　C?［析］ 本题属于表层理解阅读考查题目，因为完成其答案所需要的信息基本上可以直接从文章中获取，并不太多的需要推理和对环境，习俗的分析与了解。例如1题}