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用过去式表示的虚拟语气
用过去式表示的虚拟语气■在虚拟条件句中的运用1. 与现在事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用一般过去式(be一般用were) ，主句谓语用would /should /could /might 动词原形。如：If I were you, I would never do that. 如果我是你,我决不做那件事。If it weren’t for (=But for) your help, I would still be homeless. 若不是你帮忙，我现在还是无家可归。If I had more money, I would buy a car. 我要是有再多一点钱，我就买汽车了。注：在口语中，在第一、三人称后，也有人用was。如：If I was(were) rich, I would buy a car. 我要是有钱，我就买汽车了。2. 与将来事实相反：条件句中的谓语可用一般过去式、或者“were to /should＋动词原形”，主句谓语用would /should /could /might 动词原形。如：If it rained/should rain/were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there. 要是明天下雨，我就不去那里。3. 与过去事实相反：条件句的谓语动词用过去完成式，主句谓语用would /should /could /might have 过去分词。如：If he had taken my advice, he might not have made such a bad mistake. 要是他当初听从我的劝告就不会犯这么严重的错误了。If it hadn’t been for Margaret, I might not have understood. 要不是有玛格丽特，我可能还不明白。注：若虚拟条件句中有were, should, had时，可省略if，将were, should, had移至主语前。如：Were I you, I would never do that. Should it rain tomorrow, I wouldn’t go there. Had it not been for Margaret, I might not have understood. ■在错综时间虚拟条件句中的运用虚拟条件句与主句谓动词发生的时间有时不一致，要注意主从句谓语动词的形式。如：If you’d listened to me, you wouldn’t be in such trouble now. 如果你当初听了我的话，你现在也不会有这样的麻烦了。■在含蓄虚拟条件句中的运用有时只有主句，不出现虚拟条件句，而是用without, with, but for(要不是) 等介词短语，或者用but, or, otherwise等副词或连词，或者用不定式或分词短语等来表示虚拟条件。如：But for (=if it had not been for ) your help, I wouldn’t have been successful. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不会成功。I was so busy then, otherwise, I would have helped him. 我当时很忙，要不然，我会帮助他的。We couldn’t have finished it without Mary. 如果没有玛丽，我们是不能按时完成这个工作的。To hear him talk (=If you could hear him talk…) , you’d think he was Prime Minister. 听他讲话你会以为他是首相。Given more time, I could have done it better. 要是多给一点时间，我会做得更好。 ■在wish, if only, as if, would rather等后的从句中这些从句的谓语动词的形式是：若与现在或将来事实相反，用一般过去式(动词be一律用were) ；若与过去事实相反，用过去完成式。如()：I wish it were spring here all the year round. 但愿这里四季如春。I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time. 但愿当初不该浪费这么多时间就好了。If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了!If only I had listened to my parents! 我要是听了我父母的话就好了。Li Ming speaks English as if he were an American. 李明说英语好像是美国人。I would rather he came tomorrow. 我宁愿他明天来。I’d rather he hadn’t told me about it. 我宁愿他没告诉我这事。注：as if/as though引导的从句若是事实，就不必用虚拟语气。如：It looks as if it is going to rain. 看起来要下雨的样子。■ as if/as though引导的从句中He speaks English as though he were an American. 他说英语跟美国人差不多。■在It’s time that…的that从句的谓语动词It is time that we got ready for the final examination. 该是我们为期末考试做准备的时候了。
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1.75亿学生的选择
英语中的虚拟语气怎么用
不怕DJ75HL29
虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反.
2） 在条件句中的应用
条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句.非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气.
1.真实条件句
真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中 if 是如果的意思.
句型：条件从句 主句
一般现在时shall/will + 动词原形
If he comes, he will bring his violin.
The volleyball match will be put off if it ___.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
答案B.真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时.
1） 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.
(错) If you leave now, you are never going to regret it.
(对) If you leave now, you will never regret it.
2） 表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall (will) +动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式.
2.非真实条件句
1）时态：可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况.它的基本特点是时态退后.
a. 同现在事实相反的假设.
句型 ： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should( would) +动词原形
If they were here, they would help you.
b. 表示于过去事实相反的假设.
句型： 条件从句 主句
过去完成时 should(would) have+ 过去分词
If she had worked harder, she would have succeeded.
The rice would not have been burnt if you had been more careful.
If my lawyer had been here last Saturday, he would have prevented me from going.
If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.
含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.
If he had not been ill and missed many classes, he would have made greater progress.
含义： He was ill and missed many lessons, so he did not make greater progress.
c. 表示对将来的假想
句型： 条件从句 主句
一般过去时 should+ 动词原形
were+ 不定式 would + 动词原形
should+ 动词原形
If you succeeded, everything would be all right.
If you should succeed, everything would be all right.
If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.
3.混合条件句
主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句.
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
（从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反.）
If it had rained last night (过去), it would be very cold today (现在).
4.虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可将if省略,再把were, should或had 移到从句句首,实行倒装.
Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was, 即在从句中be用were代替.
If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你,就会去找他.
If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在这儿,一切都会好的.
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were IB. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式.但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式.如我们可说 Were I not to do., 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
5特殊的虚拟语气词：should
1） It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形, should 可省略.
(1)suggested
It is (2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted； + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
例：It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2）在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中.
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意： 如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气.
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
（错） You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3）在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即（should）+动词原形.
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
6.wish的用法
1）用于wish后面的从句,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望.其宾语从句的动词形式为：
真实状况 wish后
从句动作先于主句动词动作 过去时 过去完成时
（be的过去式为 were）
从句动作与主句动作同时发生 现在时 过去时
（had + 过去分词）
将来不大可能实现的愿望 将来时 would/could +
I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一样高.
He wished he hadn't said that. 他希望他没讲那样的话.
I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了.
2）Wish to do表达法.
Wish sb / sth to do
I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager.
I wish the manager to be informed at once. (= I want the manager to be informed at once.)
7.比较if only与only if
only if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了".If only也可用于陈述语气.
I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了,我才会醒.
If only the alarm clock had rung. 当时闹钟响了,就好了.
If only he comes early. 但愿他早点回来.
8.It is (high) time that
It is (high) time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形,但should不可省略.
It is time that the children went to bed.
It is high time that the children should go to bed.
9 need "不必做"和"本不该做"
didn't need to do表示： 过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做..
needn't have done表示： 过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she didn't need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了.
John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she needn't have walked back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了. (Mary步行回家,没有遇上John的车.)
There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn't have hurried B. couldn't have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn't have hurried
答案D.needn't have done. 意为"本不必",即已经做了某事,而时实际上不必要.
Mustn't have done 用法不正确,对过去发生的事情进行否定性推断应为couldn't have done, "不可能已经". must not do 不可以（用于一般现在时）.
语气是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度.虚拟语气表示说话者的主观愿望、假想和建议等,所说的话有的与现在事实相反,或与过去事实相反,或与将来事实相反或与将来事实可能相反.所以虚拟语气总是与假设条件句用在一起.除了if条件句外,还有几种常用的条件句,短语也可表示条件.此外,上下文也能创造虚拟的语言环境.但有时条件从句与结果主句可能发生时间不一致,有时虚拟语气会出现倒装情况.除了与条件句在一起使用的主句用虚拟语气外,有些宾语从句或表语从句也有用虚拟语气的情况.
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用在条件状语中，主句表不可能发生的事（如 我是你）
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If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position.
If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train.
If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come.
&& If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions.
If there should be no air, there would be no living things.
If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (, )
If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (,)
&&& If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly.
&&& If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.
&&& If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow.
,,but for, without, otherwise
&&&&&& But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully.
The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy.
I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer.
1wishwould rather (sooner)
&& I would rather they came tomorrow.
&& How I wish it wasn’t raining now.
&& I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party.
&& would rather .
2suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist
&& They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately.
&& I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan.
3it is desired, it’s suggested, it’s requested, it was ordered that, it was proposed that, it is necessary that, it is important that, it has been decided that
&& It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.
&& It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party.
&& It’s desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.
4suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea
&& The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village.
&& I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem.
5 should +it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder
&& It is a great pity that he should be so conceited.
&& It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
6as if, as though
&& I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.
&& It seems as if it were spring already
7 lest, for fear that, in case
&& He took an umbrella with him lest it should rain.
&& He burned all the important documents for fear that they should fall into the enemy's hands.
&& Here’s some money in case you should need it.
&& If only I hadn’t lost it!
&& If only I could see him once!
&& Oh, if he only knew how we miss him!
9 it is high time that
&& It is time that we went (should go) to bed.
&& It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy.
10expect, believe, think, suspect
&& I never expected that the new apartment should be so small.
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