英语中转折跟举例的好处作为插入语的好处

【英语阅读】转载
托福阅读提速利器——略读_英语阅读吧_百度贴吧
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【英语阅读】转载
托福阅读提速利器——略读收藏
托福阅读提速利器——略读
by 坚果托福黄小幺要点提示:可略读的内容:数据性信息、举例性信息、转折之前的信息。插入语、括号内的信息是否略读,需谨慎。新浪微博:我是黄小幺人人:黄华鑫Cherry  在提到如何提高阅读速度的这一问题时,很多学生会被得到一个“女神”级别的答案:略读。我等屌丝苦思冥想也没有得搞清如何让“女神”在托福阅读中发挥作用从而拿到高分。接下来,笔者将传授大家略读的利器,帮助大家驾驭此提速大法——略读。
初中英语阅读理解一轮复习基础,二轮复习专题,三轮强化模拟训练,扎实巩固基础,吃透必考点初中英语阅读理解选精锐,短期高效提分,来电即赠《中考押题密卷》提分专线:400-883..
略读利器1: 省数据性信息。数据性信息判断标准十分明确,即信息中包含数字。数据性信息大多是为了进一步说明某个情况或者观点,ETS一般不会脑残到像四六级出题人那样,问你某个国家2012年GDP增长百分之几。  略读利器2: 略举例性信息。首先要能够判断出什么样的信息是举例:1. 有明显的for example, for instance, such as等表示举例的标志词;2. 涉及到具体的国家、人名、地名等信息;一旦具备上述两个特点中的任何一个,即为举例,在阅读的时候即可粗略阅读,因为即使是ETS的细节题,也不会具体到问以下哪个国家不属于Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚国家。  略读利器3:着重转折之后的信息。此类信息一般都会有but, however作为标志词,尤其是however, 一般前后都用逗号隔开,比较好认。转折一般会强调后面的信息,甚至全盘否定之前的错误观点或理论,因而关注转折之后的信息能帮我们快速把握文章要点。
略读“伪”利器:略读插入语、括号里面表示解释说明的信息。这是我从学生那里听来的某些老师传授的伪利器。之所以是“伪利器”,原因在于: 第一,插入语除了表示解释说明,还有可能表示强调,有可能会出考点。插入语的正确处理方法应该是先跳读,保证句子完整性,再回读。第二,括号里面的内容多是解释说明,有些时候是为了解释前面的专有名词或者我们不认识的单词,这个时候详读括号里面的信息反而能帮助我们理解文章。所以,插入语、括号内容这两个略读“伪利器”大家使用要慎重,否则受伤的是自己。  有效运用上述略读三大利器,可以为我们节省阅读时间,从而赢得更多的思考答题时间。除此之外,去掉冗余信息,可以方便我们理清段落关系及文章结构。   废话不多说,直接看如何具体操作。以下为TPO 18-1 原文,文中用删除线标识的地方,即为大家可粗略阅读的内容。略读的原因在批注中有详细说明,请大家仔细阅读批注。(批注和删除线没法直接在帖子中体现出来,只能插入图片了,抱歉哈~~)
还有张图片传不上来原文地址
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为兴趣而生,贴吧更懂你。或英语中的“插入语”
  chār&yǔ
  [parenthesis]
  如“这堆砂土,充其量有十辆卡车就运去了”“我家后面有一个很大的园子,相传叫做百草园”中的“充其量”和“相传”即是插入语。
编辑本段插入语的作用
  插入语一般对一句话作一些附加的说明。它是中学英语语法的重点,也是高考的考点。通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联系,将它删掉之后,句子结构仍然完整。插入语在句中有时是对一句话的一些附加解释、说明或总结;有时表达说话者的态度和看法;有时起强调的作用;有时是为了引起对方的注意;还可以起转移话题或说明事由的作用;也可以承上启下,使句子衔接得更紧密一些。
编辑本段插入语的类型
  掌握这一语言现象不仅有利于对英语句子等的理解,还有利于提高写作等的水平。插入语的类型较多,常见的如下几种:
一、形容词(短语)作插入语。
  能用作插入语的形容词(短语)常见的有:true,wonderful,excellent,strange to say,most
important of all, sure enough等。 如: True,it would be too
bad. 真的,太糟了。 Wonderful,we have won again. 太好了,我们又赢了。 Strange to
say,he hasn’t got my letter up to now. 说来也奇怪,他到现在还没有收到我的信。 Most
important of all,we must learn all the
skills. 最重要的是,我们必须掌握所有的技巧。
二、副词(短语)作插入语。
  能用作插入语的副词(短语)有:indeed,surely,still,otherwise,certainly,however,generally,
personally,honestly,fortunately,luckily,though,besides,exactly,perhaps,maybe,probably,frankly,or
rather等。 如: When he got there,he found,however,that the weather was
too bad. 可是到了那儿之后他发现,那儿的天气太坏了。 Otherwise,he would still be at
home. 不然的话,他还会在家的。
三、介词短语作插入语。
  能用作插入语的介词短语有:in fact,in one’s opinion,in general,in a word,in
other words,in a few words,of course,by the way,as a result,for
example,on the contrary,on the other hand,to one’s surprise,in
short,as a matter of fact,in conclusion,in brief等。 如: You can’t
wait anymore-in other words,you should start at
once. 你不能再等了——换言之,你得立即出发。 On the contrary,we should strengthen our
corporation with them. 相反,我们应该加强和他们的合作。
四、V-ing(短语)作插入语。
  能用作插入语的V-ing(短语)常见的有:generally speaking,strictly speaking,judging
from by,talking of, considering等。 如: Generally speaking,the weather
there is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in
summer. 一般来说,那儿的气候冬天不太冷,夏天不太热。 Judging by his clothes,he may be an
artist. 从衣着来判断,他可能是个艺术家。
五、不定式短语作插入语。
  能用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be frank,to be honest,to be sure,to tell you the
truth,to make matters worse,to sum up,to start with,to begin
with等。 如: To be frank,I don’t quite agree with
you. 坦率地说,我不太同意你的意见。 To tell you the truth,I’m not so interested in
the matter. 跟你说实话,我对这件事情的兴趣不大。 To sum up,success results from hard
work. 总而言之,成功是艰苦努力的结果。 六、句子(陈述句和一般疑问句)作插入语。 能用作插入语的句子有:I am sure,I
believe,I think,I know,I suppose,I hope,I’m afraid,you see, what’s
more,that is to say,as we know,as I see,believe it or not等。 如: Some
animals only half-hibernate,that is to say,their sleep is not such
a deep one. 有些动物只是半冬眠,就是说,它们的睡眠并不是深度睡眠。 I believe,China will catch
up with the developed countries sooner or
later. 我确信,中国迟早会赶上发达国家。 He can’t pass the exam,because he doesn’t
study hard. What’s more,he isn’t so
clever. 他不能通过这次考试,因为他学习不认真,更何况他又不太聪明。
编辑本段插入语的使用
  插入语(句)是说话者对所表达意思的补充、强调、解释或者说话的态度,其位置灵活,常常用逗号或破折号与其他成分隔开,并且在语法上不影响其他成分。例如:
  I think, she has no feeling for your trouble. / She, I think, has
no feeling for your trouble. 我想,她对你的遭遇无动于衷。
一 . 插入语的出现形式
  1. 插入语常以副词(副词短语)、形容词(形容词短语)、介词短语、非谓语动词短语等形式出现。
  ( 1 )常见的副词及短语: indeed, surely, however, obviously, frankly,
naturally, luckily / happily for sb. certainly 等。
  ( 2 )常见的形容词及短语: funny, needless to say (不用说), most important of
  ( 3 )常见的介词短语: by the way, in a few words / in sum / in short
(简而言之), in other words, in general, in one's opinion / judgment
(按照某人的意见), in fact, in the first place, of course, to one's
knowledge / surprise / regret /satisfaction / mind / joy /
disappointment 等。
  ( 4 )常见的现在分词短语: strictly / generally / honestly / personally /
exactly / physically / speaking (严格地 / 一般地 / 坦诚地等)说; judging from /
by …(根据……判断)等。
  ( 5 )常见的动词不定式短语: to be sure (无疑地), to sum up (概括地说), to tell the
truth, to be honest, to be short, to conclude, to put it briefly,
to put it in another way, to begin ( start ) with 等。
  注意:上述单词或短语作插入语和状语时的区别。例如:
  ( 1 ) Frankly, he'd like to listen to music.
  (副词作插入语,表示说话人的态度)
  Here you should speak frankly.
  (副词作状语)
  ( 2 ) True, your daughter is at home now. (形容词作插入语)
  He came back, hungry and tired. (形容词作状语)
  ( 3 ) Judging from what he said, he does look down his elder
brother. (现在分词作插入语,其主语不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明)
  Seeing from the window, he can see the lake. (现在分词作状语,逻辑主语是句中的主语
  ( 4 ) To tell you the truth, he doesn't quite agree with this
idea. (不定式作插入语,动作主体不是句中的主语,只是说话者的附加说明)
  To buy the machine, he went to Beijing. (不定式作目的状语,逻辑主语是句中的主语 he
  2. 插入句为简短的、具有完整意义的句子。常见的插入句如下: I think / hope / guess / know /
believe / suppose, I am sure (我可以肯定地说), that is ( to say )(也就是说),
it seems (看来是), as I see it (照我看来), what's more, what's worse, what
is important / serious (重要 / 严重的是), I'm afraid (恐怕) , it is said
(据说), as we all know (众所周知)等。
  插入句独立性强,一般用标点符号将其与其他句子成分隔开。应当特别注意疑问句的插入句,它一般为倒装语序且无任何标点符号,而且整个疑问句应当保持陈述语序。例如:
  ( 1 ) What should I do first?
  What do you think I should do first?
(被插入的疑问句原来为倒装语序,插入后成为陈述语序)
  ( 2 ) Who is singing?
  Who do you think is singing? (被插入的疑问句原来就是陈述语序,不需要做调整)
二 . 插入语(句)例题及解析
单项选择。由于插入语通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,命题者有意在句中插入一个从句或插入语,造成主谓分离,给考生的理解带来一定的困难和干扰。例如:
  ( 1 ) He made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great
importance to science. (上海 1998 )
  A. which I think is B. which I think it is
  C. which I think it D. I think which is
  分析:这是一个非限制性定语从句, which 在从句中作主语,代替 the discovery .做这类题目的方法是先将插入语 I
think 去掉,然后再将句子还原成为 He made another wonderful discovery, which is
of great importance to science. 问题就迎刃而解了。正确答案: A .
  ( 2 ) In fact ______ is a hard job for the police to keep order
in an important football match. (上海 2001 )
  A. this B. that
  C. there D. it
  分析: in fact
在句中实际担当插入语,只不过没用逗号隔开,意思是“实际上,对警察来说在一次重大的足球比赛中,维持秩序是一项困难的工作”。空格容易把句子当成
fact 的同位语从句而误选 B .正确答案: D
  ( 3 )- Alice, you feed the birds today, _____?
  - But I fed them yesterday. (广东 1999 )
  A. do you B. will you
  C. didn't you D. don't you
  分析:这是特设语境,插入语 Alice 暗示后面句子为带主语的祈使句,正确答案: B .
  ( 4 ) Who do you think _______ us a talk this afternoon?
  A. to give B. gave
  C. will give D. giving
  分析:do you think 是一个插入语,将其去掉的话,剩余部分用陈述语序。正确答案: C .
  ( 5 ) Philip is a New Yorker, _______ , he lives in New
  A. that is B. besides
  C. after all D. in one word
  分析:直接选择适合上下文语境的插入语。正确答案: A .
  2. 阅读理解和完形填空。阅读中出现大量插入语会增加理解障碍。熟练掌握插入语,有利于分析句子结构,理解文章大意。例如: I, of
course, like a bicycle better. It doesn't cost me much, yet it
brings me a lot of convenience. What's more, it doesn't pollute the
air. Bicycles are really good friends of people's.
  3. 写作。书面表达要求语言连贯、地道,恰当使用插入语,可以给文章增色不少。例如: Like most of my
schoolmates, I have neither brothers nor sisters - in other words,
I am an only child. My parents love me dearly of course and will do
all they can to make sure that I get a good education. They do not
want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time
to my studies so that I'll get good marks in all my subjects. We
may be one family and live under the same roof, but we do not seem
to get much time to talk together. It looks as if my parents regard
me as a visitor or a guest. Do they really understand their own
daughter? How things are in other homes, I wonder. ( NMET 2001
  强化训练:
  I. 单项选择:
  1. Mr. Anderson, ______ I thought died three years ago, is still
  A. who B. whom
  C. that D. which
  2. John plays football _______, if not be better than
  A. as well B. as well as
  C. so well D. so well as
  3. The truth, sir, is that the old man _______ across the road
when the car hit him.
  A. was to walk
  B. had been walking
  C. walked
  D. was walking
  4. The repair work of Angkor Watt _______ would last at least ten
years was completed within eight years.
  A. which people supposed
  B. which people supposed it
  C. which people supposed that is
  D. people supposed that
  5. He worked late last night, ______, early this morning.
  A. that is B. even worse
  C. or rather D. namely
  6. He must have believed, I think, ______ I am a lazy boy.
  A. that B. / C. which D. what
  7. _____ we all know, he was a famous writer.
  A. Which B. As
  C. What D. /
  8. _____ from the number of the cars, he thought, there weren't
many people at the restaurant yet.
  A. Judging B. Judged
  C. To judge D. Being judged
  9. What ______ had to be finished before Friday?
  A. they say B. they said
  C. did they say D. do they say
  10. He came home after midnight, and ________, he was
  A. even more B. very much
  C. what's worse D. so much
  11. Mrs. Patti gave us another wonderful talk, _______ of great
importance to our English study.
  A. I think which is B. I think it is
  C. which I think is D. which I think it
  12. Paula refused the invitation to David's party the next week,
_________ of course made him puzzled.
  A. what B. where
  C. when D. which
  II. 完成句子。
  13. 严格说来,加拿大英语和美国英语不完全一样。
  _______, Canadian English is not the same as American
  14. 老实说,我不同意你的想法。
  ________, I can't agree to your idea.
  15. 依我看来,青年人喜欢流行音乐。
  _______, young people enjoy pop music.
  1. A 2. B 3. D 4. A 5. C
  6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C
  11. C 12. D
  13. Strictly speaking 14. To be honest
  15. In my opinion / From my point
  插入语六大用法小结
  在英语学习中,插入语是一个比较重要的知识点。由于插入语是一种独立成分,通常与句中其他成分没有语法上的关系,许多同学在学习过程中会有一定的困难。其实,插入语大都是对一句话进行附加说明或解释,通常由一个词、一个短语或一个句子构成,常置于句首、句中或句末,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。下面举例归纳插入语的几种用法。
  例1 _____the more expensive the camera, the better its
  A.General speaking B.Speaking general
  C.Generally speaking D.Speaking generally
  解析:本题答案为C.generally speaking为分词短语,意思是“一般来说”,在句中用作插入语。
  小结:许多分词短语可以用作插入语,这样的分词短语有:strictly speaking(严格地说),generally
considering(一般认为), judging from……(根据……判断)等。
  例2 Two middle-aged passengers fell into the sea. ____,neither of
them could swim.
  A.In fact B.Luckily
  C.Unfortunately D.Naturally
  解析:本题答案为C.unfortunately为副词,意思是“令人遗憾地,不巧,可惜”,在句中用作插入语。
  小结:常用作插入语的副词或副词短语有:indeed(的确),surely(无疑),however(然而),frankly(坦率地说),obviously(显然),naturally(天然地),luckily
(happily) for
sb.(算某人幸运),fortunately(幸好),strangely(奇怪),briefly(简单地说)等。
  例3 Your performance in the driving test didn’t reach the required
standard,_____, you failed.
  A.in the end B.after all
  C.in other words D.at the same time
  解析:本题答案为C.in other words为介词短语,意思是“换句话说”,在句中用作插入语。
  小结:常用作插入语的介词短语有:in conclusion(总之),in a word(简而言之),in
short(简而言之),in general(一般说来),in a sense(在某种意义上),in my view(在我看来),in
his opinion(按照他的看法),in fact(事实上),at first(首先), in addition(此外),of
course(当然),to my surprise(使我惊奇的),to her regret(使她遗憾的),for
example(例如)等。
  例4 It is so nice to hear from her._____,we last met more than
thirty years ago.
  A.What‘s more B.That is to say
  C.In other words D.Believe it or not
  解析:本题答案为D.believe it or not为一分句,意思是“信不信由你”,在句中作插入语。
  小结:用简短的句子结构作插入语,它们常置于句中或句末。这类简短的句子有:I am sure(我可以肯定地说),I
believe(我相信),do you know(你知道吗),you see(你明白),I’m afraid(恐怕),it is
said(据说),I suppose(我想),what’s more(而且),what’s worse(更糟糕的是),that
is(也就是说),what is important(重要的是)等。
  例5 _____ with you,I have no money to spare.
  A.To be frank B.What’s more
  C.In addition D.However
  解析:本题答案为A.to be frank为不定式短语,意思是“坦率地说”,在句中用作插入语。
  小结:常用作插入语的不定式短语有:to be sure(无疑地),to sum up(概括地说),to tell the
truth(老实说)等。
  例6 _____, he should have done such a thing.
  A.Speaking general B.Strange to say
  C.Luckily D.Of course
  解析:本题答案为B.strange to say为形容词短语,意思是“说也奇怪”,在句中用作插入语。
  小结:常用作插入语的形容词或其短语有:true(真的),funny(真可笑),needless to say(不用说),most
important of all(最为重要),worse still(更糟糕的),even better(更好)等。
三 . 插入语(句)练习及答案
  1._____, he often forgot to turn off the lights.
  A.Even better B.Strange C.However D.Fortunately
  2.Greenland, _____ island in the world,covers over two million
square kilometers.
  A.it is the largest B.that is the largest
  C.is the largest D.the largest
  3.An awful accident_____,however,occur the other day.
  A.does B.did C.has to D.had to
  4.Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise,she
____ something she would regret later.
  A.had said B.said C.might say D.might have said
  5.Boris has brains. In fact,I doubt whether anyone in the class
has ____IQ.
  A.a high B.a higher C.the higher D.the highest
  6.Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others,
_____,of course,made the others envy him.
  A.who B.that C.what D.which
  7._____ the general state of his health,it may take him a while
to recover from the operation.
  A.Given B.To give C.Giving D.Having given
  8._____,success results from hard work.
  A.Worse still B.Sure enough
  C.To sum up D.What’s worse
  9.As I know,there is _____ car in this neighborhood.
  A.no such B.no a C.not such D.no such a
  10.He made another wonderful discovery, _____ of great importance
to science.
  A.which I think is B.which I think it is
  C.which I think it D.I think which is
  11.One day, _____,Newton saw an apple fall from a tree.
  A.to sum up B.what’s more C. it is said D.in addition
  【参考答案】
  1~5 BDBDB 6~11 DACAAC
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