您好，欢迎来到新东方
美国家长如何为孩子规划上大学
来源：新东方网
作者：北京学校 刘璇
　　又到了每年的大学申请季，家长们也需要对于通用申请(Common
Application)，联邦政府助学金(FAFSA),学习能力倾向测验(SAT)和助学贷款有一定的了解。繁杂的申请步骤和多式多样的学校信息着实是让人头疼。
　　作为家长，最关心的莫过于自己的孩子进入美国顶尖大学的几率了。但是现在有些大学四年的费用加起来几乎可以购买一台宾利了。面对如此高昂的学费，在选择大学时理智的思考哪所大学更适合于孩子则是非常重要的。
　　在我五年的申请顾问职业生涯中，我见到太多家长被兴奋冲昏了头脑而做出了一些不理智的选择的例子。现在学生平均债务已经达到了33000美金(相当于20.5万人民币)。因此在选择时不仅仅是对学校的选择，财务的抉择也要掺杂其中。
　　如果不考虑经济因素，很多家长相当于让自己和孩子都陷入了长期的债务危机中。那么在把孩子送入大学时，这八件事情是所有的家长都需要提前准备到的。
　　1.制定预算
　　提前告诉孩子你能为他们的大学费用支付多少，然后让他们提早决定他们自己愿意为此承担多少债务。为了能够达到这个目标，可以让他们看看在毕业后所入行业的基本薪资，并且与他们每个月需要付出的债务进行比较。帮助孩子们权衡一下贷款和薪水之间对于他们的长期影响。
　　不要完全被贷款牵制住或者选一所完全超出自己经济范畴能力的大学或者学科。就像你出门本打算买夏利最终不会选择法拉利的道理一样。选择大学与此并无什么本质上的差别。
　　2.忽略标价，关注实际费用
　　现如今，学校标出的学费绝不等同于你实际付出的费用。事实上，大多数学校的大多数学生都不需要花费这么多钱。那么同时关注学费和助学金就是十分重要的。因为这给了我们一个对于实际花销的更直观的概念。一所看似很贵的学校可能比一所看似便宜的学校花费的要少。
　　事实上，如果家庭年收入少于65000美金(相当于40万人民币)那么进入象哈佛耶鲁这种顶尖常青藤学校还是比较困难的。这些学校的标价学费本身也暗示着低收入家庭不要申请他们。那么在这种情况下，一些来自低收入家庭的符合条件的孩子可能就会错过机会。
　　当然，申请学校前做好研究和比较是非常重要的因为....
　　3.学校并不如想象的那么重要
　　我们经常听到学校背景对于找工作和未来职业发展是多么多么的重要，但这并非完全正确。当然排名前20的大学会提供一些其他地方没有的机会，但是对于其他很多四年制的大学其实差异并不明显。事实上，教育部2000年的一项调查显示学校的质素对于男生在找工作的影响只占了2%-3%，对于女生也不过是4%-6%。但是大学学费之间的差异却是我们可以去掌握的。那么一所名声好、教育优并且学费便宜学校是最佳的选择。
　　4.债务可能会改变你孩子的一生
　　人人都说优秀的教育是成功的奠基石。但是如果优秀的教育需要付出的费用已大大超出了你的能力范围怎么办?助学贷款也就应运而生。随着大学费用不断增加，学生们所要负担的助学贷款费用也就越来越高。与此同时现下的局势却是年轻人越来越不好找工作。两者叠加你可能会面临更多地麻烦。
　　这些债务问题可能会一直伴随着孩子的人生重要阶段。(搬出去住，结婚，读研，买房子生孩子等)因此，选择一所相对便宜的学校是一个明智的选择，并且可以鼓励孩子在大学期间做一些兼职并且学会节省。
　　5.贷款前需三思
　　作为家长，总觉得自己的孩子还小，在大学期间竭尽所能的帮助他们是理所应当。但这并不是每个家长经济上都允许自己这样做的。对于那些无法支付这么多现金的家长，有一些贷款比如说银行贷款或者联邦政府贷款。同时也有共同签署银行贷款可以帮助孩子承担学费。但是你真的考虑这么做吗?
　　答案也许是否定的。如果你无法负担孩子的学费也许是因为你无法提供帮助。需要月付的贷款可能会使你的生活一团糟并且一直影响到退休生活。并且你的房子也可能因此不保。去找那些不需要共同签署者的学生贷款。
　　6.为自己的养老做打算
　　即使你不需要贷款就可以帮助孩子去上学，你也需要注意在学费上的花销。如果你把自己的养老金也搭出去,那么把钱全给了孩子交学费并不是最佳选择。
　　这就像当你上飞机时会告知你先戴上空气面罩一样。当你为孩子选择学校时也要考虑自身的经济情况。你不能拿自己的养老金去教孩子的学费。
　　7.需要和你的孩子进行一次关于金钱的对话
　　当孩子成长到一定阶段，每一位家长都肯定和孩子聊过关于“性”的话题。其实关于金钱的一次对话也是十分必要的，但是很多家长都会忽略。当我离开家里去大学读书的事后，我对于预算或者有计划地花钱一无所知。一切都需要靠我自己去摸索并且我走了不少弯路。
　　对于孩子们来说，最好的学习管理钱财的方式就是和他们进行一次相关的对话。告诉他们什么是债务什么是信用卡并且要告知他们建立一个良好的信用等级的重要性。我知道有一些父母每周给他们的孩子一定的零用钱让他们自己买生活必需品而不是替他们买好来教会孩子怎样管理自己的钱财。每个人在学会怎样对自己的钱财负责之前都会犯下或多或少的错误。那么让他们现在对于小金额钱财管理上出一些错误总比之后面对较大额钱财时再犯错来的好得多。
　　8.教会孩子一些生活技能
　　如果从孩子出生那一刻起你就为孩子做了一切的话那么当孩子离开家庭去到陌生的国度时将会手足无措。教会他们做饭，洗衣服，换车胎等等生活技能是非常有必要的。
　　可以在孩子出国前每周给孩子一点钱让孩子自己去买菜并且为家人做一顿饭。这不仅会教会他们如何买菜并且可以让孩子自己做一顿美妙的菜肴。鼓励他们去做一些创新的菜品还可以增加他们的烹饪技能。并且让他们学会为自己准备午餐。做饭总比在外面吃要省得多。
　　本文所有内容是对于ABC NEWS11月15日相关内容的编译，原作者Amanda Reaume,内容有删减，
　　原文地址：
　　It’s college application season, the time of year when parents of high
school seniors have to quickly learn about things like the Common Application,
FAFSA, SATs and student loans. The sheer volume of information about the
application process and the different colleges your child can choose can make
your head spin.
　　What you want most is for your kid to succeed and get into the most
prestigious college possible, right? But what if that would actually mean a
lifetime of debt and pain for you and your child? With some college degrees now
costing roughly the price of a Bentley, it’s important to take a step back
during the process and think rationally instead of emotionally.
　　In my five years as an applications consultant, I have seen many parents
get caught up in the excitement and make choices that have ended up costing
their kids and themselves dearly. With the average student racking up $33,000 in
student debt, it’s time students and parents start approaching their choice of
college primarily as a financial decision.
　　More : How Student Loans Can Impact Your Credit
　　If they don’t, they could be sentencing their kids or themselves to decades
of debt. Here are the 10 things that all parents should know to send their kids
off to college financially prepared.
　　1.Set a Budget
　　Be upfront with your child about how much money you can contribute to their
education and have them decide ahead of time how much debt they’re willing to go
into over the course of their degree. To help them arrive at this number, have
them look at the entry-level salaries in the job(s) that they’ll be qualified
for after they graduate and compare that to the monthly student loan payment
that they can expect to owe. Help them to consider the longer-range effect
student loans could have on their finances over their lifetime.
　　Don’t get carried away and choose a college that will stretch or completely
blow that budget. You don’t go car shopping looking for an economical compact
and go home with a sports car. Choosing a college shouldn’t be any
different.
　　2.Ignore the Sticker Price and Look at the Actual Cost
　　Nowadays, the listed tuition price is almost never what you actually pay to
attend a school. In fact, the majority of students at most schools pay far less.
It’s important when choosing a school not just to look at the tuition price but
also to look at the average financial aid package. This will give you a better
idea of what your child will actually have to pay to go to that school. A school
that might seem very expensive might actually be cheaper to attend than a school
that seems cheap.
　　In fact, if your family makes less than $65,000 you’re not expected to make
a family contribution at many top Ivy League schools, including Harvard and
Yale. The sticker price for both schools often dissuades students from
low-income families from applying. Since these schools may, in some
circumstances, help graduates make more money over the course of their careers,
qualified students who don’t apply could be missing out.
　　Of course, it’s important to do your research and compare your options
　　3.The School Doesn’t Necessarily Matter As Much As You Think
　　We’re often told that the prestige of a school plays a huge role in getting
a job and furthering a career, but that’s not entirely true. While the top 20
schools provide students with opportunities that they wouldn’t have had
otherwise, the difference between the earning potential of a student from many
other four-year universities is often pretty marginal. In fact, a study by the
Department of Education found in 2000 that the quality of a college decided 2 to
3 percent of the earnings among men and 4 to 6 percent among women. But the
difference in price can often be considerable. Choose a cheap school that offers
a great education and has a good reputation.
　　4.Debt Could Sidetrack Your Kid’s Life
　　Everyone says that the path to success is to get a great education. But
what happens when that great education costs more than you can afford? That’s
where student loans come in. With the mounting costs of getting a college
degree, students have taken on increasingly higher student loan debts. Add into
the mix the fact that young people are experiencing higher than usual
unemployment and underemployment upon graduation and you have a recipe for
　　More : How to Pay for College Without Building a Mountain of
　　These significant debts appear to be keeping some young people from taking
important life steps such as moving out on their own, getting married, going to
graduate school, buying a home and having kids. Therefore, it’s a good idea to
find a way to keep debt low by choosing a cheaper college, encouraging your
child to work or do co-operative placements while in school, and to live
　　5.Think Twice Before Taking Out a Loan
　　You may still think of them as your little girl or little boy, so it’s no
surprise that when it comes to college, you’d want to help them as much as you
can. The problem is that not every parent is in the financial position to do so.
For parents who don’t have ready cash to help out, there are loans like the
federal Parent Plus loan or bank loans. There is also the option of co-signing
bank loans for your kids. But should you be taking out or co-signing a loan to
finance your child’s education?
　　Probably not. If you don’t have the money to give to your child it’s
probably because you can’t afford to help. A monthly loan payment to finance
your child’s education could put your budget into a tailspin and compromise your
retirement. You might also put your house at risk. Look for student loans
without co-signers. If you must co-sign a loan, make sure the company has a
co-signer release program. Many companies offer to release co-signers after 12
or 24 on-time payments.
　　6.You Shouldn’t Compromise Your Retirement
　　Even if you don’t have to take out loans to help your kid pay for school,
you need to be careful how much you do give them. If you haven’t been saving for
your retirement, or if you have debt that you need to pay off, then putting your
money toward your child’s schooling isn’t the best choice.
　　It’s like when you’re on a plane and you’re told to put your air mask on
first. Take care of your own financial situation before you consider helping
out. You can’t take out a loan to pay for your retirement.
　　7.Living at Home Is the Best Advice
　　I have good news for those who are dreading the moment when their little
birds fly the nest. Living at home is the smartest financial choice for
students. According to College Board, the average cost of room and board in
was $9,498 a year for a public four-year school and $10,823 a year for
a private non-profit four year school. Multiply that by four and that adds up to
a lot of money.
　　If there is a good school close enough to home, then you should seriously
consider it as an option. Even if they want to graduate from another
institution, getting some first- and second-year credits at a local university
or community college is going to be a lot cheaper than going away for the full
four years.
　　8.You Need to Have a Money Talk
　　At one point or another, every parent has the ‘sex talk’ with their kids.
But what about the ‘money talk’? This talk is equally as important to have, but
often forgotten. When I first went off to college, I knew nothing about budgets
or how to live frugally. I had to learn that on my own and made some costly
　　The best way for kids to learn is to talk to them about how you budget and
manage money. Teach them about debt and credit cards and tell them why it’s
important to build a good credit rating. I know some parents who even stopped
buying things for their kids and instead gave them a weekly allowance to cover
their necessities in order to teach them how to manage their own money. Everyone
needs to make a few money mistakes before learning how to be responsible. It’s
better that they do it with a small allowance than with thousands of dollars in
student loans.
　　9.You Need to Teach Them Life Skills
　　If you’ve been doing everything for your child since they exited the womb,
they’re going to have a hard time adjusting to life without you if they go away
for school. Teach them to cook, do laundry, take public transit or change a flat
tire, grocery shop and bank themselves.
　　More : Strategies For Paying Off Student Loan Debt
　　Consider giving them the responsibility to buy food on a limited budget and
cook for the family one night a week. This will teach them how to find deals and
make great meals. Encourage them to try new recipes each time so that they
expand their cooking repertoire. Get them to practice making their own lunches
as well. It is typically far cheaper to cook a meal than to buy one.
　　10.Scholarships Make a Huge Difference
　　As someone who has helped average students win thousands of dollars in
scholarship money, I want to debunk one pesky myth. It’s not just the top
students who win scholarships. All students should be applying for scholarships,
as they are an important source of extra money for your schooling. Have your
child check out sites
and search through their database. Check
to see if there are any scholarships for students in your town, or if your
employer or union offer scholarships for the kids of employees or members. Every
little bit helps.
　　Any opinions expressed in this column are solely those of the author.
(编辑：张剑乔)
　　版权声明：本文系新东方网独家稿件，版权为新东方网所有。转载须注明来源及作者，否则必将追究法律责任。
新东方网托福官方微信：新东方托福 （微信号：xdftoefl）
最新考试资讯、托福预测、托福解析，请扫一扫二维码，关注我们的官方微信!
新东方留学考试辅导专区
版权及免责声明
① 凡本网注明"稿件来源：新东方"的所有文字、图片和音视频稿件，版权均属新东方教育科技集团（含本网和新东方网）
所有，任何媒体、网站或个人未经本网协议授权不得转载、链接、转贴或以其他任何方式复制、发表。已经本网协议授权的媒体、网站，在下载使用时必须注明"稿件来源：新东方"，违者本网将依法追究法律责任。
② 本网未注明"稿件来源：新东方"的文/图等稿件均为转载稿，本网转载仅基于传递更多信息之目的，并不意味着赞同转载稿的观点或证实其内容的真实性。如其他媒体、网站或个人从本网下载使用，必须保留本网注明的"稿件来源"，并自负版权等法律责任。如擅自篡改为"稿件来源：新东方"，本网将依法追究法律责任。
③ 如本网转载稿涉及版权等问题，请作者见稿后在两周内速来电与新东方网联系，电话：010-。如题。在国内读的是本一大学，2016年毕业，考虑到美国或加拿大读研究生。希望目标学校能处于中上水平，能有较优秀的教学资源。在这种要求下，到国外读研究生的最低消费大概是多少？需要我做什么？感激不尽
谢邀~~打个广告先，针对DIY申请的同学，推荐一下ApplySquare的免费申请工具，有网页版，也有iOS，Android版本。具体介绍可以点这里：进入正题：US News还有个学费最低大学的排名。如下：接下来，说个另类的办法。比如：以房养学。简单来说吧，就是用准备用作学费的钱，在美国先买套房，这样做首先可以省下自己在上学期间需要交的租房钱，然后，你还可以把多余的房间租给其他学生，收他们的租金，再用他们的租金交自己的学费。
举个例子吧。2010年入学的Eric（化名），就读于美国东部某大学建筑学专业。在父母的支持下在距离大学步行15分钟的地方，购买了一处全新装修的三室的公寓，面积1200平方尺(约135平米)，每月物管费300美金，购买价格为32万美金。Eric自住了一个房间，剩下的两个房间以900美金一间的价格租给了同学。自2012到现在，Eric不仅省下了900美金一个月的房租，而且每个月能够收入1800美金作为生活费。与单纯的花钱租房相比，Eric这四年的净收入为：租房房租：900
x 12 x 2 = 21,600美金加上出租剩余房间的房租收益：1800 x 12 x 2 = 43,200美金加上房产增值：390,000 – 320,000 = 70,000美金，减去两年的地产税,每月的物管费，保险费和其他杂费：3000 × 2 + 300 x 12 x 2 + 500 × 2 + 60 x 12 x 2 = 21,640美金。两年内净收入：21,600 + 70,000 + 43,200 – 21,280
= 113,520美金这多出来的113,520美元相信可以Cover你的学费了～~
看来你还是比较关注学费的。既然这样，就重点说跟学费相关的事儿。&br&首先，学费很大程度上取决于你去私立学校还是公立学校，私立学校会贵很多。我们耳熟能详的那些哈佛，普林斯顿什么的，都是私立学校。价钱差距其实也很大，跟学校水平很有关系。&br&我自己现在在公立学校，研究生阶段一学分1000美金多一点。一学期选9学分的课是正常情况，算上管理性收费，一学期要一万一到一万二之间。这当然跟专业有关，由于你也没说你专业是什么，我也不好估计。一般来说，商学院和艺术类专业的学费会比较贵。这个价钱几乎是公立学校的一学分学费的上限。&br&当然，想必你也知道，研究生有奖学金或者RA, TA （reseach/teaching assistant）可以拿钱。更重要的是，一般来说，RA或者TA都是同时负担你一部分学费的。比较general的情况是half RA/TA能cover你每学期5学分的学费，full RA/TA会cover 10学分。如果你寻得课超过这个学分数量，剩下你自己需要付的部分也会便宜很多。因为你从out-of-state的学生变成了in-state的学生。我所在的学校， in-state学生的学费是不到500一学分。奖学金就要看你能申到什么了。但是经验告诉我，作为外国人，我们在美国拿奖学金学士不太容易。&br&除了学费之外，生活费。我自己在比较中等的城市，不是玉米地，也不是纽约波士顿。生活费每个月。这个钱，老本每个月发的工资就足够了。（我在读PHD， 所谓工资就是RA的工资。）&br&我也有人识得同学，一开始没有学校的RA/TA， 只好自己出去打工挣钱，这其实还挺辛苦的。因为又学业压力，还要拿出时间挣钱，还挺辛苦的。&br&如果所有费用全靠家里，一般来说大概做好30万人民币/年的准备。
看来你还是比较关注学费的。既然这样，就重点说跟学费相关的事儿。首先，学费很大程度上取决于你去私立学校还是公立学校，私立学校会贵很多。我们耳熟能详的那些哈佛，普林斯顿什么的，都是私立学校。价钱差距其实也很大，跟学校水平很有关系。我自己现在在…
去美国读研究生的费用是多少?包含哪些方面?美国留学对于工薪阶层来说还需要面对一个很严重的问题，那就是美国留学费用的问题，平均每年25W-30W左右RMB的开资不是一般家庭能负担得起的。&br&&br&美国读研究生费用主要包括：学费、书本费、生活费、旅游交通费等费用，如果是选择找美国留学中介的话，那还要包括中介费。&br&&br&我们从学杂费这方面来看:不同性质，不同地区以及不同排名的大学学费差异较大。通常来讲，私立的大学比州立的贵。本科阶段私立大学每年学费大约为1美元，而公立大学每年大约仅为美元。另外还包括其他一些非免费设施、参加一些社团和俱乐部等花费。书本费每年大概要花费1000美金左右，比较省钱的是买二手书本。由于留学生是“非定居”学生，州立大学会对留学生收取更多学费。&br&&br&生活费是除学费外最主要的开支。日常生活、交通等费用也必不可少。美国城市的每月消费水平大致可以分为四个等级。：1级特大城市，如纽约、费城等，美元;2级大城市，底特律、匹兹堡等，800-1000美元;3级南部、中西部、东南部的德克萨斯、密歇根等州，700-800美元;4级消费城市主要有俄克拉何马州、密苏里州等，450-600美元。如果学生在校外住宿还要支付一定的住宿费。&br&&br&虽然美国读研究生费用非常昂贵，但是它的助学金和奖学金也是非常丰厚的。&br&&br&美国留学助学金一般是指一切费用全免。不仅全免学杂费、住宿费、保险费、书本费，还可额外获得一定金额的个人日常消费费用。由于它的资助金额最高，所以竞争也最激烈。&br&&br&奖学金主要是根据学生的成绩来评定。学习成绩优异或者有相关特长的学生可以获得奖学金。&br&&br&助研金/助教金：申请人需要时攻读研究生以上学位的学生。大多数美国研究生院都有这两种服务性财政资助。这两种奖学金的金额都比较高，甚至完全可以支付学费和生活费用。&br&&br&学费减免：大多数公立院校都有学费减免奖学金，主要对象是他州以及外国学生。获得该资助的学生会省去1/3到1/2的学费。&br&&br&住宿减免：学校通过安排学生在校内或者校外的住宿来帮助学生节省一些食宿费用，进而降低学生的整个留学费用。一般校内食宿费用比校外高1/3-1/2。&br&&br&勤工俭学：留学生校园合法工作时间为20小时/周，每小时工资不低于5美金。学校会在I-20表8D估算学生一年的打工收入。&br&&br&虽然说美国读研究生费用很高，但是学生勤奋、努力、上进的话是可以通过很多途径减轻负担的。家庭经济不是特别好的学生也不要有太大压力。&br&&br&&br&&b&留学美国生活费包括哪些&/b&&br&　　美国大学的生活费，根据学校所在地区和学校性质不同，生活费用的差距也很大，那么美国留学生生活费包括哪些?&br&&br&　
住宿费&br&　　美国本科留学费用的重要开支是住宿费，一般分为：寄宿和租住。对于美国留学生来说，住学校要比在校外租住贵一些，当然这是根据区域来定的，也有些学校的住宿会比租住便宜。比如纽约、洛杉矶这些地方的房屋租金约在1000美元/月，甚至更多，但像是密苏里这些地方可能只要花300多美元/月。&br&　　美国东西海岸如加利福尼亚州、纽约州的生活费用最为昂贵。如纽约、费城、波士顿、洛杉矶、旧金山、芝加哥等城市，大约需要美元一个月。其次是西雅图、匹兹堡、底特律、达拉斯、奥斯汀这样的城市，生活费大约是美元一个月。&br&　　而美国南部、中西部、东南部的一些州，例如德克萨斯、伊利诺伊、密歇根、犹他、乔治亚、弗吉尼亚、北卡罗来纳等这些地方，生活费可以控制在1000美元内/月。最经济的地方要数俄克拉荷马、密苏里、路易斯安那、怀俄明等地，差不多800美元左右/月。&br&&br&　　 书费&br&　　可能很多人对单独列举出书费这一项表示质疑，但事实上是，美国的书是相当贵的，而且有很多书是学校会指定必须要买的，所以这是一部分不可忽略的开支。一些特别的专业，比如艺术、建筑等，他们的课本费更贵。对此，有些课本建议大家选择买一些二手书，这些书大多都保持在八成新或者更好，完全不影响使用。&br&&br&
交通费&br&　　对于美国留学的同学来说，交通费是不可不提的，住校内的同学是可以免费乘坐校园巴士。但同学们不会总在校园里面待着，对于一个全新的城市，同学们难免有出去走走看看的愿望，那么周末可能会到更远的地方游玩，包括假期回家的费用都要包含在内。&br&&br&
衣服、日用品、零花钱&br&　　在美国留学衣服反倒是较为便宜的。日用品和零花钱是依据个人情况而定。&br&　　以上就是关于美国留学生生活费的详细信息，其实可以通过很多途径来节省生活费用，比如买二手书，选择消费低的城市等等。
去美国读研究生的费用是多少?包含哪些方面?美国留学对于工薪阶层来说还需要面对一个很严重的问题，那就是美国留学费用的问题，平均每年25W-30W左右RMB的开资不是一般家庭能负担得起的。美国读研究生费用主要包括：学费、书本费、生活费、旅游交通费等费用，…
已有帐号？
无法登录？
社交帐号登录
数学女博士，，申请方留学总监，美国7年科研工作经历}