The failure of financial incentive? The seemingly inexorable rise of cesarean section.
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-51. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.. Epub
2013 Nov 15.The failure of financial incentive? The seemingly inexorable rise of cesarean section.1, 2, 3, 4.1Department of Economics, National Taipei University, Taiwan.2Department of Public Finance, National Taipei University, 151, University Rd., San Shia, New Taipei City 237, Taiwan. Electronic address: tching@mail.ntpu.edu.tw.3Program in Health Care Financing, Harvard School of Public Health, USA.4Department of Economics, National Dong Hwa University, Taiwan.AbstractTwo policy interventions in Taiwan aiming to slow the growth of cesarean delivery utilization were respectively implemented in 2005 and 2006. The first policy provided financial incentives to encourage vaginal delivery by setting a global fee for obstetric services and in essence increasing the reimbursement for vaginal delivery up to the same level of cesarean section. The second policy aimed to reduce the demand for elective cesarean procedure by employing a copayment when cesarean section is not medically indicated. This paper examines the impact of financial incentives of both the supply and the demand side on the use of utilization of cesarean section using data from the
National Health Insurance Research Database. We found that while the overall trend of cesarean utilization did not seem to respond to the interventions, the policies did have significant impact on its elective use. Financial incentives for the providers do matter, and policy interventions, such as a fee change, are still important strategies to consider in reducing the over-utilization of cesarean section. Copyright (C) 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd.KEYWORDS: C E F F P TaiwanPMID:
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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External link. Please review our .英语翻译It is often suggested that there are three main approaches to reducing pollution – consumer pressure,government legislation,and financial incentives.Which of these appeals to you most,and why?什么是financial incentive？是指政府_百度作业帮
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英语翻译It is often suggested that there are three main approaches to reducing pollution – consumer pressure,government legislation,and financial incentives.Which of these appeals to you most,and why?什么是financial incentive？是指政府
英语翻译It is often suggested that there are three main approaches to reducing pollution – consumer pressure,government legislation,and financial incentives.Which of these appeals to you most,and why?什么是financial incentive？是指政府向排放污染物质的企业罚款么？还是如果减少排放会得到政府的奖励？
通常是建议有三种主要的方法来减少污染——消费者的压力,政府立法,和财务方面的好处.这最吸引你,为什么?
有三种减轻污染的方法是值得推荐的——来自消费者的压力，政府立法，和货币性激励报酬。哪种方法最吸引你，为什么？
人们通常认为有三种主要的降低污染的措施： 来自消费者的压力/公众压力 、政府立法、以及财政激励。 那种对你来说最有吸引力/最为可行？为什么？/ 前后的内容是
两种不同的翻译
你权衡一下那种比较好 ，这个大致的意思我翻出来了 补充问题的答案： 财政激励 就是指的在金钱角度 使企业受惠 同时降级污染 这个具体政策范围很大，可以直接给予企业 补助，（一般不用奖励这种词）也可以是企...
通常是建议有三种主要的方法来减少污染——消费者的压力,政府立法,和财务方面的好处。这最吸引你,为什么?
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英语翻译How is a carbon tax different from a cap-and-trade program?A carbon tax and a cap-and-trade program are similar in that both policy approaches are market-based and create a carbon price that provides the financial incentive to reduce GHG
英语翻译How is a carbon tax different from a cap-and-trade program?A carbon tax and a cap-and-trade program are similar in that both policy approaches are market-based and create a carbon price that provides the financial incentive to reduce GHG emissions.The fundamental difference between the two approaches is how they establish this price and reduce emissions.A carbon tax imposes a direct fee (the carbon price) on fuels based on the amount of GHGs they emit,but does not set a limit on GHG emissions.A cap-and-trade program establishes a limit,or “cap,” on GHG emissions,but the price for emission allowances (the carbon price) is determined by the supply and demand for allowances in the emissions trading market.Who has to pay a carbon tax?Point of regulation for a carbon tax policy can vary,but a tax would likely be imposed on the sale of fuel from “upstream” producers,such as coal mines or natural gas and oil wells.Depending on the ability of the initial consumers (e.g.,electric utilities,oil and gas refineries,and fuel transporters) to pass along costs to their own customers,the carbon tax raises prices that “downstream” consumers (i.e.,businesses and households) ultimately pay for carbon-intensive goods and services.How does a carbon tax impact other businesses and individuals?Companies and individuals pay higher prices for GHG-intensive energy (and other goods and services) as the costs of a carbon tax are passed down to consumers.The extent to which these higher energy prices impact the overall income of companies and individuals depends on how the tax revenues are used.The overall impact on a company also depends on how much fossil fuel-based energy it uses,how higher energy prices affect their business,and a company’s ability to either minimize or avoid increasing costs (e.g.,by using fuel more efficiently or using cleaner fuels) and/or pass along costs to its customers.For example,a carbon tax policy might lessen overall economic impacts on consumers by including provisions to make the carbon tax “revenue neutral.” This involves returning the carbon tax revenues to businesses and individuals through rebates or changes in the tax code (e.g.,reducing corporate or capital gains taxes).A carbon tax policy might also direct revenues to fund programs that provide longer-term benefits to consumers and businesses,such as research and development programs or transportation infrastructure.
如何是一个不同的碳税从一个上限和交易计划?碳税和一个上限和交易程序相似的这两个政策方针以市场为基础,并建立一个碳的价格,提供的财政奖励,以减少温室气体排放量.的根本区别,这两种方法是如何建立这一价格和减少排放量.碳税征收的直接费用（碳价格）为基础的燃料的数量,他们的温室气体排放,但没有设定限制温室气体排放量.阿上限和交易程序建立了一个限制,即“帽子” ,对温室气体排放量,但价格的排放津贴（碳价格）是由供应和需求的津贴,在排放量交易市场.谁拥有支付碳税?监管点的碳税政策各不相同,但税款将可能对燃料的销售从“上游”生产商,如煤矿或石油和天然气井.根据不同的能力,初步的消费者（如电力,石油和天然气的炼油厂和燃料运输车） ,以成本转嫁给自己的客户,碳税引起的价格“下游”消费者（即企业和家庭）最终支付碳密集产品和服务.如何碳税影响的其他企业和个人?公司和个人支付更高的价格温室气体密集的能源（及其他商品和服务）的费用碳税是流传到消费者身上.在何种程度上这些能源价格上涨影响总收入的公司和个人取决于税收使用.总体影响公司还取决于有多少化石燃料为基础的能源使用,如何能源价格高企影响他们的生意,一家公司的能力,或者尽量减少或避免增加费用（例如,通过使用燃料更有效率,或使用清洁燃料）和/或转嫁成本给客户.例如,碳税政策可能减少整个经济的影响,包括消费者的规定,使碳税“收入中立的.”这涉及到返回的碳税收,企业和个人通过退税或变更税法（例如,减少企业或资本利得税） .碳税的政策也可能直接收入,基金项目,提供长期利益的消费者和企业,如研究和开发程序或运输基础设施.
您可能关注的推广回答者：音节划分：dan?gle
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['dae?g?ld]
悬吊着( dangle的过去式和过去分词 )；
摆动不定；
用某事物诱惑…；
大家都在背：
1. A gold bracelet dangled from his left wrist.
一只金手镯在他的左手腕上晃来晃去。
来自柯林斯例句
2. Crystal chandeliers dangled from every ceiling.
每个房间的天花板上都悬有枝形水晶吊灯。
来自柯林斯例句
3. Gold charms dangled from her bracelet.
她的手镯上挂着许多金饰物。
来自《权威词典》
4. It's the biggest financial incentive ever dangled before British footballers.
这是历来对英国足球运动员的最大经济诱惑.
来自《简明英汉词典》
5. Huge earrings dangled from her ears.
她耳朵上挂着一对大耳环.
来自《简明英汉词典》
及物/不及物动词
悬挂;悬摆 If something dangles from somewhere or if you dangle it somewhere, it hangs or swings loosely.&
【语法信息】：V prep/adv
【语法信息】：V n prep/adv
【语法信息】：Also V
A gold bracelet dangled from his left wrist...
一只金手镯在他的左手腕上晃来晃去。
Crystal chandeliers dangled from every ceiling...
每个房间的天花板上都悬有枝形水晶吊灯。
He and I were sitting out on his jetty dangling our legs in the water.
我和他坐在他的码头上，双腿在水中荡悠。
炫示（诱惑物） If you say that someone is dangling something attractive before you, you mean they are offering it to you in order to try to influence you in some way.&
【语法信息】：V n before/in front of n
They've dangled rich rewards before me.
他们以丰厚的酬劳诱惑我。
he dangled the bone in front of the puppy ., 他晃动着骨头逗小狗.
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dangled his legs , munched his apple ,, 跷着二郎腿 , 一边大口大口地吃着苹果,
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danger bearing transmitter 警械发射机dangling bond 悬挂键daniells cell 丹聂耳电池
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1. 悬垂指针
悬垂指针（Dangling pointer）和野指针（Wild pointer） 摘要: 参看维基百科：Dangling pointer迷途指针======================…
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2. 悬摆指针
信息词汇英语翻译(A-D) ... damping winding 阻尼线圈 dangling pointer 悬摆指针 dangling reference 悬摆指针.
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1. 悬垂修饰语
悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of ten, my gran…
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1. 垂悬修饰语
第十一课垂悬修饰语 （Dangling Modifier） 垂悬修饰语是指一个句子中同其他词没有明显修饰关系的成分。 一般都出现在句子的句 …
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