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高中英语人教版高二下课文03
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[00:02.35]地球
[00:04.70]READING& THE PROPERTIES OF WATER
[00:07.29]阅读& 水的特性
[00:09.87]Earth is an ocean planet.
[00:11.76]地球是个水球。
[00:13.64]About three billion years ago,life on our planet began in the deep blue seas.
[00:17.32]大约有三十亿年以前，在我们的星球上，生命从蓝色的海洋深处开始。
[00:21.00]Ninety-nine percent of the living space on earth is in the oceans.
[00:24.28]地球上99%的生存空间是在海洋中，
[00:27.56] life is incredibly rich and .
[00:30.38]海洋生物非常丰富。
[00:33.20]There are about five million
in the oceans
[00:35.88]海洋中大约有五百万种生物，
[00:38.56]and we have yet to learn much about them.
[00:40.69]还有很多有待我们去研究。
[00:42.81]Life in the oceans ranges from the tiniest
[00:45.30]海洋中的生物种类包括最小的浮游生物
[00:47.78]all the way up to giants like sharks and whales.
[00:50.51]和像鲨鱼和鲸等最大的动物。
[00:53.24]What makes the ocean such a great place to live?The answer is water.
[00:56.57]是什么使海洋成为一个如此大的居住地呢？答案就是水。
[00:59.90]CHEMICAL STRUCTURE
[01:01.37]水的化学结构
[01:02.85]The chemical structure of water makes it an excellent medium for life.
[01:05.93]水的化学结构使它成为极好的生命介质。
[01:09.02]Water is actually quite simple,but the way the water
[01:12.29]水实际上很简单，但水分子的构成方式赋予了它的独特的性质。
[01:15.57]gives water its unique properties.
[01:19.73]The water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
[01:23.36]水分子是由两个氢原子和一个氧原子组成。
[01:26.99]They form a polar molecule,that is,
[01:29.56]两个氢原子形一个有阴阳极的微粒子，
[01:32.13]one with a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end.
[01:35.36]即一个氢原子稍微带有阳极，另一个带有阴极。
[01:38.59]Because water is polar,it can break down both solids and gases.
[01:42.27]因为水是有阴阴极的，它可以分解或溶解气体和固体。
[01:45.95]The
in whatever falls into the ocean
[01:48.37]无论什么物质中的营养成分落入海洋中，
[01:50.79]quickly become available to other living creatures.
[01:53.31]就会让其了生物得到。
[01:55.83]The chemical structure of water
[01:59.77]also makes it different from almost everything else on earth.
[02:02.96]水的化学结构使得它几乎与世界所有其它物质不同。
[02:06.15]Water is a liquid at room temperature and has a
high freezing point.
[02:10.12]水在室温下成液体状态，它且具有相对高的冰点。
[02:14.09]
[02:15.52]盐度
[02:16.96]When dissolved gases and solids mix with pure water,
[02:19.89]当净水和可溶解的气体与固体混合时，
[02:22.81]the result is sea water,or salt water.
[02:25.79]结果就是海水或盐水。
[02:28.77]The salinity of the earth's oceans is about thirty-five per thousand,
[02:32.05]海洋的含盐量是35%。
[02:35.32]meaning that there are about thirty-five grammes
[02:37.81]即在1千克水中含有35克被溶解的气体和固体。
[02:40.29]of dissolved solids and gases in one kilogramme of water.
[02:43.62]尽管净水赋予了水的主要特性，
[02:46.95]Even though the pure water is what gives sea water its main properties,
[02:50.19]但是海水的盐度影响它的重要及冰点。
[02:53.43]the salinity of sea water affects both its weight and freezing point.
[02:56.76]但是海水的盐度影响它的重要及冰点。
[03:00.09]Salt water has a lower freezing point and is heavier than pure water.
[03:03.51]盐水比净水具有更低的冰点，比净水更重。
[03:06.93]
[03:08.46]密度
[03:09.99]Density is the relationship between mass and volume
[03:12.88]密度是质量与体积之间的关系，
[03:15.76]and is measured in kilogrammes per cubie metre.
[03:18.24]密度用千克每立方米做单位（千克每立方米）
[03:20.72]The density of pure water is 1,000 kg/m3,
[03:24.06]水的密度是1000千克/米3。
[03:27.39]meaning that one cubic metre of water weighs one thousand kilogrammes.
[03:31.02]即一立方米水重一千千克。
[03:34.65]If a substance has a higher density,say 5,000 kg/m3,it will not float on water.
[03:39.57]如果某种物质有更高的密度，如5,000知克/立方米，它就不会浮在水面上。
[03:44.50]Marine animals and plants take a advantage of the density of water
[03:47.76]海洋生物利用水密度。
[03:51.03]With the right kind of body,it is possible to float around in the ocean
[03:54.31]有合适的体形，在海洋中就能四处漂浮，
[03:57.58]and let the water do the work.
[03:59.62]让海水发挥作用。
[04:01.66]When water freezes,its density decreases.
[04:04.30]当水结冰时，它密度会减少。
[04:06.94]If it did not,the oceans would be
[04:09.76]若不是这样，整个海洋就会冻结成固体。
[04:12.58]HEAT CAPACITY
[04:14.05]热容
[04:15.53]Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance
[04:19.25]热容指的是一种物质的温度升高一摄氏度所需要的能量。
[04:22.97]by one degree centigrade.
[04:26.81]The heat capacity of water is relatively high.
[04:29.44]水的热容相对很高。
[04:32.07]Water can absorb and give off a lot of heat without big changes in temperature,
[04:35.89]温度改变不大，
[04:39.72]thus creating a stable environment.
[04:41.94]这样形成了稳定的环境。
[04:44.16]Most animals and plants are sensitive to large or sudden changes in temperature,
[04:47.70]大多数动物和植物对于巨大的或突然的温度变化很敏感，
[04:51.24]so the ocean is a safe and comfortable habitat.
[04:53.72]因而海洋是一既安全又舒适的栖息地。
[04:56.20]The water in the oceans also keeps the temperature of the earth steady
[04:59.32]海洋中的水也通过吸收或释放热量使地球的温度保持稳定。
[05:02.45]by absorbing and giving off heat.
[05:06.89]OCEAN MOTION
[05:08.41]海洋运动
[05:09.94]Since changes in slainity and temperature affect water's density,
[05:13.42]由于盐度和气温变化影响水的密度，
[05:16.89]the water in the ocean is always moving.
[05:19.37]海洋中的水一直在运动。
[05:21.85] water sinks and less dense water is pushed to the surface.
[05:25.28]密度大的水下沉，密度较小的水被推到海面。
[05:28.70]This
adds energy to the marine
and moves nutrients around.
[05:32.93]这种循环为海洋生态系统增加了能量并使营养成分四处游动。
[05:37.16]Isn't it amazing that a single substance can be so important to our planet
[05:44.53]and even the whole universe?
[05:48.00]Water,which seems so simple and common,is what makes life possible.
[05:55.37]Of all the resources on earth-oil,gas,gold and so on
[06:04.12]-nothing is as precious as a drop of rain.
[06:09.08]Learning about the properties of water helps us understand life on our planet.
[06:16.45]The most important thing we can learn about water,however,
[06:21.91]is that we must protect it and use it wisely.
[06:27.06]Our future depends on it.
[06:30.92]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[06:34.15]综合技巧
[06:37.37]Reading& NATURE'S NURSERY:
[06:40.05]阅读&&& 自然的保育院：入海口
[06:42.73]As the oceans are the source of life ib earth,
[06:47.30]the estuaries are our planet's nurseries.
[06:52.06]An
is the body of water where a river meets the ocean.
[06:54.88]入海口就是一条河与海洋交汇的有很多水的地方。
[06:57.70]Salt water from the ocean and fresh water from the river
[07:00.43]从海中来的盐水和河流中来的淡水在入海口混合在一起。
[07:03.16]mix together in an estuary.
[07:07.23]This mixing of fresh and salt water
[07:09.41]这种盐水和淡水的混合
[07:11.60]creates a unique environment filled with life of all kinds-
[07:14.38]形成了一具独一无二的、充满各种生物的环境-
[07:17.16]a zone between the land and the sea.
[07:19.38]位于陆地与海洋之间的一个过渡的区域。
[07:21.60]Estuaries are the homes of thousands of animals and plants.
[07:24.40]入海口是成千上万种动植物的栖息地。
[07:27.19]Many cities and towns are built near estuaries,
[07:29.62]很多城市和城镇入海口建起，
[07:32.05]and a lot of fish is caught in estuaries.
[07:34.37]大量的鱼在入海口被捕捞。
[07:36.70]Estuaries are great places for nature's young ones.
[07:39.34]入海口对于自然中的细小生命来说是非常重要的地方。
[07:41.98]Here,animals can enjoy all the many of the benefits of teh oceans
[07:44.91]在这里，动物可以避开很多危险
[07:47.85]without having to fact many of the dangers.
[07:50.03]从而尽情享受海洋给其带来的益处。
[07:52.22]Tides provide energy for the ecosystems,
[07:54.54]潮汐为生态系统提供了能量，
[07:56.87]but estuaries are protected from waves and storms by islands,mud or sand
[08:00.73]但入海口受到保护使其免于受到波浪及岛屿、泥沙的袭击。
[08:04.60]Nutrients arrive in estuaries from both the land and the ocean.
[08:07.58]从陆地和海洋来的营养成分到达入海口。
[08:10.55]The density of living creatures is higher than in any other habitat on earth.
[08:13.83]生物的密度比地球上其他栖息地要高。
[08:17.11]The diversity of life in estuaries is incredible-birds,fish,marine mammals,
[08:21.04]入海口生物的多样性是惊人的-鸟、鱼、海洋哺乳动物、
[08:24.97]shellfish and other species all come here to live,feed and .
[08:28.85]贝类以及其它物种都来这和生活、捕食及繁殖。
[08:32.73]Estuaries are also important because they absorb nutrients
[08:35.60]入海口还非常重要是因为他们吸引从内陆来的水中的营养成分
[08:38.48]and
from water coming from inland sources,
[08:41.14]与污染物，
[08:43.81]thus cleaning our water.Unfortunately,
[08:46.18]这样就净化了水，不幸的是，
[08:48.56]this function also makes estuaries very sensitive to environmental pollution.
[08:51.94]这种功能也使入海口对于环境污染特别敏感。
[08:55.33]Since estuaries protect animals and plants from storms and floods
[08:58.46]既然入海口保护动植物不受风暴及洪水侵袭，
[09:01.60]and prevent erosion,protecting estuaries is very important.
[09:04.57]防止侵蚀，对其保护就非常重要。
[09:07.55]Finally,estuaries provide both recreation and education for human beings.
[09:11.24]最后，入海口既为人类提供了娱乐活动又提供了救育资源。
[09:14.92]Most of us enjoy fishing,swimming and having fun on the beach,
[09:17.95]我们大都喜欢在海滨钓鱼、游泳和游玩。
[09:20.98]and scientists and students have endless opportunities
[09:23.55]科学家们和学生有无数的机会研究
[09:26.13]to study a variety of life in the habitat.
[09:28.61]在这个地方的多种生物。
[09:31.09]Estuaries also contribute to the economy through tourism and fishing.
[09:34.32]入海口可通过旅游业和渔业促过经济的发展。
[09:37.54]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[09:50.81]Reading&& LIFE IN THE OCEAN
[09:55.28]The earth's oceans can reach depths of up to 11,000 metres.
[10:01.94]That is deep enough to cover Mt Qomolangma!
[10:06.67]The oceans are incredibly large and contain several different habitats.
[10:13.51]To make it easier to describe the various parts of the oceans,
[10:19.26]marine scientists usually divide the oceans into five zones.
[10:26.23]Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.
[10:32.89]Most of the life in the ocean can be found in the first zone,
[10:38.96]which begins at the surface and goes down about 200 metres.
[10:45.51]Because there is sunlight at this level,plants are able to grow.
[10:51.57]Marine animals such as dolphins,sharks,sea turtles and sea lions,
[10:59.12]and of course a variety of fish,
[11:03.09]live in the sunlit part such as dolphins,
[11:07.45]It is difficult to hide from other animals in this area,
[11:12.73]but many species have adapted by becoming dark on the top
[11:18.58]and light on the bottom.
[11:21.95]This makes it diffucult to see them against the dark water below
[11:27.91]and the blue sky above.
[11:32.17]The second zone starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres.
[11:39.72]Some sunlight can reach this level,but it is not enough for plants to grow.
[11:47.08]Because this zone is relatively dark,
[11:51.73]may of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body.
[11:59.10]The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky
[12:04.66]with moving stars in it.
[12:08.42]The third zone of the ocean is dark.
[12:12.87]This place,about 3,000 metres deep,may not seem a likely habitat,
[12:20.31]but there are more creatures here than one might think.
[12:25.67]Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of the lack of light.
[12:33.42]At this depth,a slow shower of what looks like snow is falling.
[12:40.40]This phenomenon,called&marine snow&,
[12:45.65]is actually nutrients falling towards the bottom of the ocean.
[12:51.71]It is important source of food for the creatures that live in the deep.
[12:57.59]Below 4,000 metres,
[13:01.24]the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all
[13:07.12]In fact,the zone is so dark and empty
[13:12.76]that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for&no bottom&.
[13:19.01]There is not much life to be found
[13:23.24]in this cold and unpleasant part of the ocean,
[13:27.78]but some small creatures still manage to survive here
[13:33.35]despite the high water pressure.
[13:37.19]Few of the animals inthe ocean can dive this deep.
[13:42.23]One exception is the
[13:46.78]which slows its heartbeat in order to reach this zone as it hunts for food.
[13:53.85]The very deepest part of the ocean if found 2,000 metres further down.
[14:00.93]At this depth,the water pressure is extremely high
[14:06.68]and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live here.
[14:12.45]Compared to the other zones,this one has very little life.
[14:18.62]Since there is no light here,
[14:22.38]some of the animals do not have eyes.
[14:27.84]When scientists explored the very deepest parts of the ocean,
[14:33.40]they did not expect to find any life at all.
[14:38.58]However,it turned out that there are creatures
[14:43.54]that can live even in habitats as far down as 10,000 metres.
[14:51.12]They usually survive by living close to deep sea ,
[14:57.46]&chimneys&that send out gases from within the earth.
[15:03.11]Unlike all other living things on the earth,
[15:07.76]which get their energy from the sun,
[15:11.73]the creatures that live here use chemicals from the vents to stay alive.
[15:18.99]Next time you look at the ocean from the beach or on a map,
[15:24.13]remember that what you are seeing is only the surface
[15:29.59]-Only the beginning of the large and caried adventure that is ocean
点击收听单词发音&&
adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵
参考例句：
Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。
adj.多样的，多变化的
参考例句：
The forms of art are many and varied.艺术的形式是多种多样的。
The hotel has a varied programme of nightly entertainment.宾馆有各种晚间娱乐活动。
n.物种，种群
参考例句：
Are we the only thinking species in the whole of creation?我们是万物中惟一有思想的物种吗？
This species of bird now exists only in Africa.这种鸟现在只存在于非洲。
n.浮游生物
参考例句：
Plankton is at the bottom of the marine food chain.浮游生物处于海洋食物链的最底层。
The plankton in the sea feeds many kinds of animals. 海的浮游生物成为很多种动物的食物。
n.分子，克分子
参考例句：
A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈?f婘? 妈?成的。
This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。
n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )
参考例句：
a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》
adv.比较...地，相对地
参考例句：
The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
n.盐分；咸度；盐浓度；咸性
参考例句：
In the sea water sampled the salinity is two parts per thousand.在取样的海水中，盐度为千分之二。
In many sedimentary basins the salinity of the formation water increases with depth or compaction.在许多沉积盆地中，地层水的含盐量随深度或压实作用而增高。
n.密集，密度，浓度
参考例句：
The population density of that country is 685 per square mile.那个国家的人口密度为每平方英里685人。
The region has a very high population density.该地区的人口密度很高。
adj.冻结的，冰冻的
参考例句：
He was frozen to death on a snowing night.在一个风雪的晚上，他被冻死了。
The weather is cold and the ground is frozen.天寒地冻。
a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的
参考例句：
The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。
n.循环，流通，传播，发行，发行量
参考例句：
There is a large circulation in the musical public.在音乐界销路很广。
The ideas have been in circulation for some time.这些想法已经流行了一段时间。
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句：
There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
（江河入海的）河口，河口湾( estuary的名词复数 )
参考例句：
We also recognize the diversity and complexity of controlling in fluences in estuaries. 我们也认识到在河湾内控制影响的多样性和复杂性。
Estuaries also contribute to economy through tourism and fishing. 河口还为人类提供了休闲和教育的场所。
n.河口，江口
参考例句：
We live near the Thames estuary.我们的住处靠近泰晤士河入海口。
The ship has touched bottom.The estuary must be shallower than we thought.船搁浅了。这河口的水比我们想像的要浅。
v.生育，繁殖，复制，重做
参考例句：
The machine can reproduce a key in two minutes.这机器能在两分钟内复制一把钥匙。
The picture will reproduce well.这照片会印得很清楚。
污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
n.精子，精液
参考例句：
Only one sperm fertilises an egg.只有一个精子使卵子受精。
In human reproduction,one female egg is usually fertilized by one sperm.在人体生殖过程中，一个精子使一个卵子受精。
（气体、液体等进出的）孔、口( vent的名词复数 )； （鸟、鱼、爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门； 大衣等的)衩口； 开衩
参考例句：
He always vents his anger on the dog. 他总是拿狗出气。
The Dandelion Patch is the least developed of the four active vents. “蒲公英区”在这四个活裂口中是发育最差的一个。
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------分隔线----------------------------It is hard to track the blue whale，which has almost been killed off ……阅读理解及答案解析_高考英语_英语阅读网
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It is hard to track the blue whale，which has almost been killed off ……阅读理解及答案解析
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It is hard to track the blue whale，which has almost been killed off ……阅读理解及答案解析
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& It is hard to track the blue whale，which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling．Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior．&&& So biologists were delighted early this year when，with the help of the US Navy，they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days recording its sounds．This was possible because of the Navy’s formerly top secret system of underwater listening devices across the oceans．&&& Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies．&&& Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely observing a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they planned similar studies．Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in the ocean and global temperatures．Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope(听诊器) does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear．This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean，especially low-frequency ones，can often travel thousands of miles．51．The underwater listening system was originally designed ________．&&& A．to trace and locate enemy ships&&& B．to observe deep-sea volcanic eruptions&&& C．to study the movement of ocean currents&&& D．to replace the global radio communications network52．The deep-sea listening system makes use of ________．&&& A．the ability of sounds to travel at high speed&&& B．the top-level technology of focusing sounds under water&&& C．the unique characteristic of layers of ocean water in carrying sounds&&& D．low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water53．What can we infer from the passage?&&& A．New radio devices are developed for tracking blue whales．&&& B．Blue whales are no longer endangered with the help of the new system．&&& C．Opinions differ on the use of military technology．&&& D．Military technology has great potential in civilian use．54．Which of the following is TRUE about the US Navy underwater listening network?&&& A．It is now partly available to civilian scientists．&&& B．It is a must in protecting endangered species．&&& C．It has been replaced by a more advanced system．&&& D．It became useless to the military after the cold war．55．What’s the passage chiefly about?&&& A．An effort to protect an endangered marine species．&&& B．The civilian use of a military detecting system．&&& C．The exposure of a US Navy top-secret weapon．&&& D．A new way to look into the behavior of blue whales．
[语篇解读]& 文章从追踪几乎绝迹的蓝鲸的艰难和需借助尖端设施入手，谈到了军用技术的民用问题。51．A& 细节理解题，从第三段内容：水下监听是用于跟踪潜伏的敌船，可知A项正确。52．C& 根据最后一段中Different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope... 可知D项正确。53．D& 通读全文可知，军事技术在民用方面有巨大潜能。54．A& 根据第三段可知，美国海军的水下监听网络在一些方面对科学家来说是有用的。55．B& 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了一种军事探测系统在民用方面的作用。
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