求一个包含hospitality的名词性从句翻译并翻译

2014年考研英语翻译大突破(五)
  21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.  【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性  hospitality 友好性  security 安全性  【主干识别】The examples show that…+宾语从句;主谓宾结构  【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers作example的同位语;我们把其看作为:A of B 的结构,A为上义词,B 为下义词,这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“……的例子”;a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句  【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰 宾语从句主干为:a Web site will attract online customers.  【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰,产生隔离,在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离,这样了产生了隔离。  【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards,这样的先驱网站表明,一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合,且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。  【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of…的时候翻译为“像……”。  复习第二句:  22.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.  词汇突破:visualize 想象  Figure out 发现和找出  Suits 使…适合  主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How …is not obvious.  在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是  其他成分:状语为to answer…主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语; 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。  难点揭秘:这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句,其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.  译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的,这点我们还不是很清楚。  23.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.  【词汇突破】statistics 数据  写作过程中可以使用固定词组:statistics and details  achievers获得成功的人  【主干识别】They gather all the data. 主谓宾结构。  【其他成分】they can 的完整表达为:t 出于简洁的考虑省掉了that 和not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data 的同位语。  【微观解析】同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and 第二个部分为the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers,其中with high achievers为定语修饰experiments.  【难点揭秘】同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。  【译文赏析】他们尽其所能收集了一切数据,这些数据不仅包括表现数据和传记式资料,而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。  补充一些心理学术语:  biographical characteristics 传记特点  biographical data 传记式资料  biographical inventory 传记式量表  Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表  biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验  biographical method 传记法  biographical study 传记研究  biographical?type case study 传记式个案研究  24.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society’s ills "and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.  【词汇突破】verse 歌词,诗句  stockholder 股东  assert 声称,认为,宣称  social ill 社会问题  【主干识别】Levin asserted that +宾语从句and even cited his son. 主谓宾结构  【其他成分】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders meeting状语;music is not the cause of society’s ills 宾语从句主系表结构;a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位语;who uses rap to communicate with students.定语从句修饰a teacher。考研英语常见翻译题型汇总
  1.This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one.
  词汇突破:cognitive 认知的 (后天习得的)
  Intuitive 先天的
  和以上这组单词概念相同的表达还有:
  Nature先天;nurture后天;先天的;made 后天的;innate天生的;Acquired后天习得;
  Determine 决定
  Coupled with 相当于and,想类似的表达还有 combined with等。
  主干识别:句子的主语是This success和谓语是 宾语是E 不定式短语to conclude 做状语;主干结构是:this success and later research led Ericsson to conclude that &
  其他成分:在research后面接一个现在分词短语做后置定语,在这个现在分词短语中that引导的从句做showing 的宾语;在不定式短语中that引导的从句做conclude的宾语;more&than结构翻译为与其说,不如说。
  微观解析:由于主语中的第二个并列成分比较长,且是用两个逗号隔开的,在阅读的时候可以跳读;把This success和动词led先连起来然后再来解析其他成分。
  译文赏析:这种成功和后来表明记忆本身并不是先天决定的研究使爱立信总结道,记忆的行为与其说是一种先天的行为不如说是一种习得的行为。
  2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
  词汇突破:visualize 想象
  Figure out 发现和找出
  Suits 使&适合
  主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How &is not obvious.
  在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是
  其他成分:状语为to answer&主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语; 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
  难点揭秘:这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句,其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.
  译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的,这点我们还不是很清楚。
  3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
  【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历)
  名词:Winston Churchill: &Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat&(丘吉尔演讲)
  sweat and toil (汗水和辛苦)
  He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了)
  SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试
  testify 证实
  matter 这里是动词,重要;sth matters 事情很重要;
  【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语,will testify 为句子谓语,that引导一个宾语从句;
  【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill 为主语,matters 做谓语,whether 引导一个状语从句
  【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要,无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。
  【造句】Anyone who has achieved the success to any extent will testify that cooperation matters, whether it's individual's willingness to cooperate or team work spirit of a group.
  4. During the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities.
  【词汇突破】count on 依靠;
  fair play 公平竞争
  【主干识别】the American middle-class family has been transformed主干是主谓结构被动态;
  【其他成分】that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure 定语从句修饰middle-During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 做状语;
  【微观解析】the American middle-class family 为句子主语,谓语是During the past generation和by economic risk and new realities 为状语;that 引导一个定语从句,that在从句中做主语,谓语为 could count on, 宾语为harto keep itself financially secure为状语。
  【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。
  【译文赏析】在过去的20多年时间里,那些曾经依靠辛勤工作和公平竞争就可以保证自己财政收支安全的美国中产阶级家庭已经被经济风险和新的现实所改变。(定语从句前置的翻译方法来处理这个句子)
  5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as &steering the economy to a soft landing& or &a touch on the brakes& , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
  【词汇突破】steer 指挥,控制
  precise 精确的
  【主干识别】Much of the language makes it sound like precise science.主+谓+宾+宾补结构
  【其他成分】used to describe monetary policy过去分词短语做后置定语修饰such as &steering the economy to a soft landing &or & a touch on the brakes&形容词短语;形容词短语做后置定语修饰the language。
  【难点揭秘】主语后接了较长的修饰成份使这个句子在阅读时主干不容易把握。造成理解的困难。
  【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如&操纵经济软着陆&或者&轻踩刹车&,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。(但这些说法是最不靠谱的,事情远非如此用来表示强烈的反对 这与i cann't agree with you more有异曲同工之妙)
  【翻译点拨】第二个句子的翻译中可以使用正话反说的方法来进行翻译,在肯定和否定之间进行转换。可以参考下面的两个例子:
  (1)An opportunity is not likely to repeat itself. 机会难得。
  (2)Such things are of no rare occurrence. 这些事情经常发生。
  【作文】用于批驳对方的时候就可以用:Nothing could be further from the truth.
  6.On another level, many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
  【词汇突破】agony 痛苦
  despair 绝望
  prolong 延长
  【主干识别】many acknowledge that +宾语从句 (many 作为代词表示很多人,或者很多个体)
  【其他成分】On another level 做状语和in the medical community做定语;the assisted--suicide debate has been fueled by the despair of patients为宾语从句主干;
  特别提示:fuel本来意思是燃料,但是这里可以理解为由于,因为,加剧的意思;
  为了以后阅读理解更透彻,可以直接把结构
  A is fueled by B 理解为:
  A是结果;B是原因
  例句:
  China's success is fueled by the age of globlization.
  【微观解析】in part宾语从句中的状语,for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.定语从句修饰 定语从句还原为一个独立的句子就是:Modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them. 这个句子中的them 和前面句子中的patients 为相同名词,因此在这里作者将其写成了一个定语从句,但是在翻译的时候是要分译的。
  这句话在定语从句的前世和今生:
  suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients.
  The modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying for them.
  (两个句子中出现了共有的名词patients 和 them,于是them 被换成了for whom 一并提前。)
  【难点揭秘】同样是隔离结构在阅读的过程中给我们带来不舒服的感觉,in part 放到了 fueled 和 by 之间,in the medical community放到了many和acknowledge之间。
  【译文赏析】在另一个层面上,很多医疗界的人士承认,关于医生帮助下的自杀的讨论,部分是因为病人的绝望情绪,对病人来说,现代医学已经延长了死亡的生理的痛苦。
  【写作】On another level,many in the educational establishment acknowledge that the debate on the ranking of universities has been fueled in part by the despair of graduates for whom the discrimination brought by the ranking of university has put more obstacles on their job hunting way.
  7.The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.
  【词汇突破】illustrate 例证;
  in terms of 根据,以&为依据;
  【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词
  【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。
  【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。
  【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾,而是放在了中间部分,这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰,但是难点既亮点,我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用:based especially on这样的表达了。
  【译文赏析】很自然,这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显,并且可以用英国地质学的发展作为例证来说明。
  【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译,正是体现了前面所讲到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。
  8.The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures& that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care.
  【词汇突破】 under treatment 治疗不足
  aggressive 1.侵略的,侵犯的 2.好斗的,挑衅的 3.有进取精神的;有干劲的 4.大胆的
  dishonor 使丢脸,使受耻辱
  medical procedures 医疗手段
  【主干识别】The report identifies&and&as the twin problems of end--of--life care 主谓宾宾补结构;the under treatment of pain和the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures&that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying 为并列的宾语成分。
  【微观解析】that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying为定语从句修饰ineffectual and forced medical procedures,定语从句中有两个并列的动词prolong and dishonor做谓语。
  【难点揭秘】这个句子的困难之处就在于并列宾语的后半部分加上了一个定语从句进而使identify 和as 之间的距离拉大,产生了阅读障碍。
  【译文赏析】报告把对疼痛处理不够和大胆使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的无效的和强制的医疗手段确定为临终关怀的两个问题。
  报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题,一是对疼痛处理不够,二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段。
  【翻译点拨】这个句子的翻译主要考察对于词的理解:dishonor the period of dying 直接翻译就是:使死亡的阶段受到耻辱。可以转译为:让病人死的不体面。中文是习惯是以人为主体的。还有就是medical procedures 表示医疗手段而不要翻译成医疗过程。
  9. The notion that learning should have in it an element of inspired play would seem to the greater part of the academic establishment merely silly, but that is nonetheless the case.
  【词汇突破】inspired 有激发性的
  establishment 机构,建立
  nonetheless 但是
  case 事实,实情
  【主干识别】The notion would seem merely silly. 主系表结构
  【其他成分】that learning should have in it an element of inspired play 同位语从句修饰主干为that learning should have an element of inspired play,是主谓结构;in it 为状语。to the greater part of the academic establishment状语。
  【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是在主干中加入了状语和同位语从句使句子结构变得复杂。很多同学会对but 和 nonetheless 连用感到困惑。两个句子之间是需要连词连接的,but是连词,起连接两个句子的作用。
  但是两个句子之间的转折关系并不是像but所表达的那样强烈,前后两句之间为&部分肯定&的转折关系,因此使用nonetheless 转折副词,表明转折的意味并不强烈。这里的but也可以换为and。
  【译文赏析】大多数的学术机构认为在学习中加入有启发性玩耍的理念是非常愚蠢的,但是这样的事情确实常常发生的。
  【翻译点拨】】把状语翻译为中文中的主谓结构,我们也可以翻译为:&对于大多数的学术机构而言&,但是翻译为中文的主谓结构更简洁,that is the case 如果翻译为这就是事实,没有能表达出准确的句意。就正如迈克尔杰克逊的纪念电影this is it我们翻译为:就是这样。
  10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students& career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.
  【词汇突破】argue for 支持
  argue against 反对
  on the behalf of = on behalf of 代表
  career prospects 就业前景
  radical 彻底的,根本的,激进的
  【主干识别】An invisible border divides those and those. 主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects 和arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform 现在分词短语分别修饰两个those 作后置定语。
  【微观解析】arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects相当于who argue for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects
  【难点揭秘】divide those &and those&在两个those后面加上了很长的修饰成分造成了结构识别的困难。
  【译文赏析】一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类:一类人是从学生的职业前景从发思考的,另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。
  【翻译点拨】在翻译的过程中,我们把arguing for computers in the classroom放到了those 前作汉语中的前置定语再把过长的定语部分单独成句,这样更符合中文的表达习惯。)
  1. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a &disjunction& between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics.
  【词汇突破】the treasury secretary 财政部长(美)
  anecdote 轶闻,趣闻
  statistics 数据(还有一个我们不熟悉的意思:表格)
  picture 情况,事态,局面,状况,情形,形势
  【主干识别】There is a disjunction.
  【其他成分】as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says 插入语;between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistics后置定语修饰a disjunction.
  【微观解析】between the mass of business anec 为定语的主体部分;that points to a leap in productivity修饰reflected by the statistics修饰statistics。
  【难点揭秘】由于插入语的加入,造成了对主干是别的难度,尤其是在between& and&结构的识别中由于加入了定语从句使其难于理解。
  【译文赏析】正如财长鲁宾所说,在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。
  【翻译点拨】也可以把比较长的那个部分单独翻译,这样更符合中文的习惯:有大量表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事,但是财长罗伯特。鲁宾认为现实的数据表明的情况并不能支持这些传奇
  12.Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time.
  【词汇突破】estimate 估量,评估
  not&but 不是&&而是&&
  【主干识别】Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass but changes.
  【其他成分】括号中的内容对biomass进行解释和说明;of species和in particular parts of the ocean做后置定语修饰biomass, in that biomass over time后置定语修饰
  【难点揭秘】estimate的宾语为the actual biomass 和changes的并列,并列连词为but ,在阅读的过程中往往 会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的障碍;
  【译文赏析】他们的研究方法并不是想估计出某些特定地区鱼类的实际生物量(活的生物总量),而是估计出这些生物量随着时间发生的变化。
  【翻译点拨】多个定语在修饰着changes因此顺序应该做符合中文习惯的调整。
  13. One leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better.
  【词汇突破】authority 权威
  harness 使&&停止的意思;和stop 可以互换但是更加正式的表达;还有一个单词是curb,这个单词表示控制的意思相当于control,原意是缰绳的意思,这个单词为考研高频词。
  conscious 有意识的
  intensely powerful mental event在原文中就等于
  【主干识别】one leading authority says that+宾语从句;
  【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought und 并列连词not only &but also&连接两个并列的动词harnessed 和to help us sleep and feel better 为目的状语
  【难点揭秘】动词的并列造成识别上的困难。
  【译文赏析】而一名顶级权威认为,这些极其强烈的大脑活动不仅可以被抑制,实际上还可以受到意识的控制,进而帮助我们睡眠,使我们感觉好一些。
  14.But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility, they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for them- selves&goals that pose a real challenge.
  【词汇突破】utility 运用
  supervision 监管
  【主干识别】they will have to operate and be able to make a few decisions. 并列的两个谓语由and 连接;
  【其他成分】But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility状语;with less human supervision状语;at least状语;goals that pose a real challenge整个句子的同位语。
  【微观解析】同位语goals 被定语从句修饰;
  【难点揭秘】动词的并列,状语的隔离;同位语的识别需要关注。
  【译文赏析】但是如果机器人能在下一个阶段达到节省人工的运用,它们将必须在更少的人力监督之下工作,而且还要至少能够自己做出几个决定--这些目标才会带来真的挑战。
  【翻译点拨】对于the next stage of laborsaving utility的处理,如果直译就是:如果机器人要达到节省人工的运用的下一个阶段在,这样的表达不仅拗口而且难懂,就是典型的死译,所以把定语转译为状语。
  15. But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant, instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd.
  【词汇突破】glimpse 快速的看一眼;
  disregard 抛弃,丢弃
  irrelevant 不相干
  instantaneously 立即
  winding 蜿蜒曲折的
  suspicious 可疑的
  【主干识别】the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent并列的两个动词glimpse和disregard
  【其他成分】that is irrelevant 修饰 the 98 focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd. 现在分词短语作状语,focus 的动作发出者就是句子主语human mind。
  【微观解析】the monkey or the single suspicious face 为focus on 的并列宾语
  【难点揭秘】动词的并列在主句中出现;而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语;
  【译文赏析】但是人类的大脑可以只迅速地瞟一眼一个快速改变的场面,然后立刻放弃98%的不相关信息,而马上聚焦于一条崎岖森林道路边的一只猴子,或者在茫茫人海中的一张可疑的脸。
  16.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper.,
  【词汇突破】reveal 揭露
  constitutes 包含
  primacy 重要性,首要地位
  【主干识别】A comparison reveals not&but also &主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】of British geological publications定语修饰comparison, over the last century and a half定语修饰publications,an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research宾语,a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper并列宾语
  【微观解析】an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research其中on the primacy of research修饰
  research修饰 what 引导一个宾语从句作of 的宾语,what为宾语从句中的主语。
  【难点揭秘】出现并列的宾语并且在宾语中的定语又出现一个宾语从句,这样就增加了句子的复杂性,并且在句中出现了好几个动态名词。
  【译文赏析】将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的出版物做一下比较,(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升,而且一篇可接受的科研论文所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。
  【翻译点拨】在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是comparison,还有一个为emphasis,其中还有一个动态形容词在翻译的处理上都翻译为动词,并增加概说的主语&我们&。
  17. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands.
  【词汇突破】M&A 为mergers and acquisitions 的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。
  underlie 构成&的基础;导致&发生。例如:The social problems underlying these crises remain unsolved.(引起这些危机的社会问题尚未解决。)
  trade and investment barriers 贸易和投资壁垒
  globalization process 全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用)
  【主干识别】I believe that+宾语从句
  【其他成分】the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same 为宾语从句主干;that underlie the globalization process为定语从句;&:&后为对forces的解释;
  【微观解析】三种力量的并列为falling transportation and communication costs,以及lower trade and investment barriers 和 enlarged markets后面接一个定语从句 that require enlarged operations和后置定语形容词短语:capable of meeting customers demands
  【难点揭秘】并列的三种力量,由于修饰语比较长和并列连词较多使其解析较难;
  【译文赏析】我认为巨大的并购浪潮背后的最重要的推动力和促进全球化进程的力量是一样的:即降低交通运输成本,逐渐减少贸易投资壁垒,以及为能满足消费者需求而大幅度拓展得市场。
  7. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom.
  【词汇突破】illustrate 例证;
  in terms of 根据,以&为依据;
  【主干识别】The trend was most obvious and can be illustrated. 主系表结构两个并列的动词
  【其他成分】naturally ,in those areas of science , in terms of the development of geology in the United kingdom为状语。
  【微观解析】based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training修饰状语中的名词science做定语。
  【难点揭秘】naturally 和 especially 副词做状语放的位置都不是在开头和结尾,而是放在了中间部分,这样给我们阅读带来一定的困扰,但是难点既亮点,我们在写作的过程中就可以灵活的运用:based especially on这样的表达了。
  【译文赏析】很自然,这种趋势会在尤以数学或实验室训练为基础的自然学科领域中表现的最为明显,并且可以用英国的地质学发展作为例证来说明。
  【翻译点拨】把副词放到开头来翻译,正是体现了前面所讲到的副词很多时候就是在修饰整个句子。
  18. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
  【词汇突破】auditors 审计人员
  distract 分散注意力
  【主干识别】It is entirely reasonable to believe that +宾语从句。 形式主语从句
  【其他成分】for auditors 状语;scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.宾语从句。
  【微观解析】scientists should not be distracted 宾语从句主干;who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there 定语从句修饰where they are going and how they will get there定语从句中know的宾语从句;by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.状语;of keeping one eye on the cash register修饰the necessity 作定语。while the other eye is on the microscope状语修饰keeping。
  【难点揭秘】主语从句中出现定语从句,定语从句中出现并列的宾语这样隔离的障碍就更为显著了。
  【译文赏析】审查者完全有理由相信,知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机,另一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
  【翻译点拨】by短语在句子中是充当状语,翻译为原因,where they are going and how they will get there处理为知道做什么,知道怎么做,这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为:知道他们要去哪里和怎么去,就是对于字面含义的翻译。属于死译。
  今天请同学们复习第8句:
  The report identifies the under treatment of pain and the aggressive use of &ineffectual and forced medical procedures& that may prolong and even dishonor the period of dying as the twin problems of end--of--life care.
  报告确定了临终关怀的两个问题,一是对疼痛处理不够,二是大胆的使用可能延长死亡期甚至让病人死的不体面的那些无效和强制的医疗手段
  同时有同学问了一个比较好的句子我也给大家一起分析了,学有余力的同学可以看看,鼓励大家都问问题:
  In a way , our peculiarly American failure to come to terms with Darwin 's theory and what it's become since 1859 is a sign of something broader : our failure to come to terms with science and the teaching of science.
  主干分析:
  Our failure is a sign of something broader
  其他成分:
  to come to terms with Darwin 's theory and what it's become since 1859定语修饰
  :后的内容解释说明
  难点分析:
  句子有一个固定词组:come to terms with 向&妥协,接受
  翻译:
  从某种程度上讲,我们按照特有的美国人的方式拒绝接受达尔文的理论以及其在1859年后的变化,就表明了一些更宽泛的事情:我们未能接受科学和科学的教育。
  翻译点拨:
  Failure不要翻译成名词,而翻译为动词,未能接受=拒绝接受。
  19. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Sou the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three- the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools.
  【词汇突破】hypocritical 虚伪的;
  spectacles 景象
  ample 充足的
  radical 激进的,根本的
  journalist 记者,新闻工作者
  advocate 支持
  participatory democracy 参与制民主
  enrolled in 注册入学,入伍
  【主干识别】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles 主谓结构的被动态
  【其他成分】 which now more than ever seem in ample supply 定语从句修饰&:&之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物,举例说明。
  【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子:The spectacles now more than ever seem in ample supply.其主干为:The spectacles now more than ever为状语。代表人物一 the critic of American materialism(美国物质主义的批评者) with a Sou(其拥有南安普顿的避暑山庄);代表人物二 the publisher of radical books(激进书刊的出版者)who takes his meals in three-star restaurants,定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐(因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的);代表人物三 the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life(支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制民主的记者)whose own children are enrolled in private schools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上学(私立学校的教育是精英制的,而参与制民主是需要和大众贴近的)。
  【难点揭秘】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰,这样就造成了阅读的困难;
  【译文赏析】相反,我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象,他们似乎比以前的任何时候都更多见:批判美国式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄:激进书籍的出版商却在三星级餐厅享用一日三餐;倡导在人生各个阶段实施参与式民主的记者,他的子女却就读于私立学校。
  【翻译点拨】we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles如果直接翻译那就是:我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象;这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯,中文是多主动,英语多被动,因此句子转译为:我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景象fine 处理为非常。
  今天复习第10句和11句:
  10. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students& career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.
  一条无形的界限将支持计算机进课堂的人分为两类:一类人是从学生的职业前景从发思考的,另一类人想的是像教育的彻底改革这样的一些更广泛的理由。
  11. There is, as Robert Rubin, the treasury secretary, says, a &disjunction& between the mass of business anecdote that points to a leap in productivity and the picture reflected by the statistic正如财长鲁宾所说,在表明生产力飞跃发展的商业佚事和数据所反映的情况之间存在着脱节。
  20.But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river&and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, &Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.&
  【词汇突破】explanatory 解释性的
  upsetting 不安
  consists of 包含
  【主干识别】 it is a little upsetting to read that+宾语从句and then to find that+宾语从句;形式主语句,句子主语为 to read and to find.在主语中带有两个动词不定式中的宾语从句;
  【其他成分】 in the explanatory notes 状语;a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge宾语从句主干;off which they both fall into the river起连接句子作用的定语从句;the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers宾语从句主干;&Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms.&是Line的同位语。
  【微观解析】off which they both fall into the river还原为一个句子就是:they both fall into the river off the bridge.
  【难点揭秘】主语是两个并列的成分识别并列主语是一大难点;
  【译文赏析】但当我们先是从解释性注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上格斗并双双掉进河里,而后又发现该行诗中只充斥着&扑通,扑通,185公斤重&这类对他们落水时的声音以及对军官们体重的描写时,我们不免感到困惑不安。
  【翻译点拨】先把两个比较长的主语单独译成两个句子,再翻译剩下的部分,打破英语中的句子限定,单独成句是很重要的翻译技巧,简单讲就是哪个部分太长就尽量的单独翻译。
  21. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
  【词汇突破】interactivity 互动性
  hospitality 友好性
  security 安全性
  【主干识别】The examples show that&+宾语从句;主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】of Virtual Vineyards, , and other pioneers作example的同位语;我们把其看作为:A of B 的结构,A为上义词,B 为下义词,这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为&&&的例子&;a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.宾语从句
  【微观解析】 selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security现在分词短语修饰 宾语从句主干为:a Web site will attract online customers.
  【难点揭秘】由于出现并列使得主语和谓语之间出现了较长的修饰,产生隔离,在宾语从句的后置定语中也出现并列产生隔离,这样了产生了隔离。
  【译文赏析】像Virtual Vineyards,这样的先驱网站表明,一个将交互性、服务性和安全性合理结合,且销售正确产品的网站是可以吸引来网上客户的。
  【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句; 在翻译example of&的时候翻译为&像&&&。
  复习第二句:
  2.It is not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.
  词汇突破:visualize 想象
  Figure out 发现和找出
  Suits 使&适合
  主干识别:句子主语是由how引导的一个主语从句,it是句子的形式主语;句子主干为: How &is not obvious.
  在主语从句中主语是capacity,谓语是suits 宾语是
  其他成分:状语为to answer&主语后加上两个动词不定式做后置定语; 动词不定式中的宾语questions后面接一个that引导的定语从句。
  难点揭秘:这个句子是一个由形式主语it引导的主语从句,其中难点为需要识别出主语从句中的动词suits.
  译文赏析:构思物体和找出数字模型的能力是如何让一个人去回答那些连最好的诗人和哲学家都回避的问题的,这点我们还不是很清楚。
  22.They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers.
  【词汇突破】statistics 数据
  写作过程中可以使用固定词组:statistics and details
  achievers获得成功的人
  【主干识别】They gather all the data. 主谓宾结构。
  【其他成分】they can 的完整表达为:t 出于简洁的考虑省掉了that 和not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers整个部分是data 的同位语。
  【微观解析】同位语中第一部分是performance statistics and 第二个部分为the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers,其中with high achievers为定语修饰experiments.
  【难点揭秘】同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点。
  【译文赏析】他们尽其所能收集了一切数据,这些数据不仅包括表现数据和传记式资料,而且也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验室实验中的实验结果。
  补充一些心理学术语:
  biographical characteristics 传记特点
  biographical data 传记式资料
  biographical inventory 传记式量表
  Biographical Inventory for R & T Talent 科研人才甄选传记式量表
  biographical inventory tests 传记式问卷测验
  biographical method 传记法
  biographical study 传记研究
  biographical?type case study 传记式个案研究
  复习第三句:
  3.Anyone who has toiled through SAT will testify that test-taking skill also matters, whether it's knowing when to guess or what questions to skip.
  【词汇突破】Toil through (辛苦的经历)
  名词:Winston Churchill: &Blood, Toil, Tears and Sweat&
  sweat and toil (汗水和辛苦)
  He succeeded after years of toil. (他经历数年的辛劳之后成功了)
  SAT 美国高考 全称为scholastic assessment test 学术性评估测试
  testify 证实
  matter 这里是动词,重要;sth matters 事情很重要;
  【主干识别】anyone 为句子的主语,will testify 为句子谓语,that引导一个宾语从句;
  【其他成分】that 引导的宾语从句中test-taking skill 为主语,matters 做谓语,whether引导一个状语从句
  【译文赏析】任何一个曾经辛苦的经历过SAT考试的人都会证实考试的技巧也很重要,无论这种技巧是知道什么时候去猜还是知道什么问题应该跳过。
  23.During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders meeting, Levin asserted that &music is not the cause of society's ills &and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
  【词汇突破】verse 歌词,诗句
  stockholder 股东
  assert 声称,认为,宣称
  social ill 社会问题
  【主干识别】Levin asserted that +宾语从句and even cited his son. 主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month's stockholders meeting状语;music is not the cause of society's ills 宾语从句主系表结构;a teacher in the Bronx, New York同位语;who uses rap to communicate with students.定语从句修饰a teacher。
  【难点揭秘】并列的动词和同位语构成一定的阅读难点
  【译文赏析】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中,莱文宣称说:&音乐不是社会问题的原因&,他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师,他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
  【翻译点拨】将同位语单独翻译为一个句子是在翻译中的常用手法。
  复习第五句:
  5.Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as &steering the economy to a soft landing& or &a touch on the brakes& , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
  【译文赏析】有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇,例如&操纵经济软着陆&或者&轻踩刹车&,使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。(但这些说法是最不靠谱的,事情远非如此用来表示强烈的反对 这与i cann't agree with you more有异曲同工之妙)
  24. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide, the Court in effect supported the medical principle of &double effect&, a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects&a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen&is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
  【词汇突破】constitutional 宪法的
  physician-assisted suicide 医生帮助下的自杀
  permissible 可以被允许的
  【主干识别】the Court supported the medical principle of &double effect& 主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide状语从句;in effect作状语;a centuries-old moral principle holding that an action having two effects&a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen&is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect整个都是the medical principle of &double effect& 的同位语。
  【微观解析】a centuries-old moral principle其后被 holding that an action having two effects&a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen--is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect. 所修饰。holding that +宾语从句,其中主干为:an ahaving two effects修饰a good one and a harmful one为two effects的同位语,被that is intended和that is foreseen两个定语从句所修饰;if the actor intends only the good effect为宾语从句的状语。
  【难点揭秘】这个句子的复杂就在于同位语的复杂,同位语中有现在分词短语带上宾语从句,在宾语从句中又出现同位语,同位语中又出现定语从句。这样的句子虽然复杂但是还是从最简单的结构一步步搭建出来的。the Court supported the medical principle of &double effect&解释什么叫&holding that+宾语从句&修饰an action having two effects is permissible为宾语从句的主干;a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen 解释什么是if the actor intends only the good effect 为状语从句。
  【译文赏析】尽管最高法院已经裁定出医生帮助下的自杀行为并不受宪法的支持,但最高法院实际上支持了被称为&双重效果&的医疗原则;这个已有几个世纪历史的道德原则认为一个行为可能会有两个效果&&& 一个想要达到的好的效果和一个已经预见到的有害的效果。如果行为的实施者想要的只是要好的效果的话,这个行为是被允许的
  【翻译点拨】对于同位语的处理我们还是采取了惯用的单独成句的方法,也用到了破折号解释的方法。
  5. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.
  【词汇突破】reinforced 加强
  introduction 引入和制定
  refereeing 推荐制度
  journal 期刊
  【主干识别】The overall result has been to make entrance harder.主谓宾宾补的结构;entrance to professional geological journals宾语, harder for amateurs 宾补。
  【其他成分】to professional geological journals定语修饰for amateurs状语;a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主语result的同位语。
  【微观解析】that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定语从句修饰a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ,为状语by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 为定语修饰
  【难点揭秘】同位语后面定语从句中状语by和后面定语by的区别。
  【译文赏析】这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了,而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果,该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引入,后又在20世纪,又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。
  请同学们复习第六句!!!!!
  26.At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight&issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
  【词汇突破】institute 机构
  substantial 实际的
  bombard不断攻击;向&连续提出问题
  lengthy冗长
  【主干识别】the American Law Institute issued new guidelines
  【其他成分】a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位语;for tort law定语修饰stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定语修饰new guidelines。
  【微观解析】companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy l动词为warn 和bombard并列; bombard sb with sth.。
  【难点揭秘】同位语有一个隔离现象产生;stating+ that +句子其中出现两个并列的动词;
  【译文赏析】与此同时,美国法律协会,由一群法官、律师和专家学者组成的组织,他们的建议分量极重,发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针,宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险,也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。
  27. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the dutiand almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
  【词汇突破】manipulation 操纵
  detached 分离,如果表示态度则是表示中立,不关心的
  【主干识别】manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构
  【其他成分】Such large, impersonal,of capital and industry定语修饰as a class 定语修饰an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the dutieand almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。
  【微观解析】in national life,representing irresponsible wealth,detached from the land and the duties of the landowners,and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。
  【难点揭秘】同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。
  【译文赏析】这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性,他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素,这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任,而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
  同学们复习第七句!
  28.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge, components also critical to problem solving and life success.
  【词汇突破】analytical 解析
  verbal 文字的
  components 成分
  【主干识别】Sternberg notes that+宾语从句
  【其他成分】traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical knowledge 宾语从句;并列的动词best assess 和components also critical to problem solving and life success 为creativity and practical knowledge的同位语; critical to problem solving and life success为形容词短语修饰components。
  【难点揭秘】同位语中加上了由形容词短语充当的后置定语加大了阅读难度。
  【译文赏析】斯顿伯格指出传统的测试能最好的评估出解析能力和语言能力而不能衡量一个人的创造性和实际才能,而这些都是对于解决问题和成功人生而言极其重要的因素。
  【翻译点拨】后置定语前置,同位语单独成句。
  29. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.
  【词汇突破】critical 重要的,
  concerning 关于
  【主干识别】and连接两个完整的并列句。第一个句子主干为: science does provide us with the best available guide to the future.第二个句子主干为:it is critical that +主语从句。
  【其他成分】our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions主语从句
  【微观解析】由于表语是critical表示重要性,在从句中用了&shoud +动词原型&的虚拟语气动词形式,should 被省略了;that science can provide定语从句修饰concerning the future consequences of present actions.现在分词短语也是在修饰judgment。
  【难点揭秘】出现多个后置定语造成翻译的障碍。
  【译文赏析】但是科学确实能提供对于未来的最好的指导,对于现在的行为之于未来的结果,科学能提供最好的评判,我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上,这一点非常重要。
  【翻译点拨】后半句翻译的过程中最大的问题就是如何处理多个后置定语,这里可以采取倒序的方法进行翻译,在行文的过程中用代词来进行连接;先说:best judgments concerning the future consequences of present actions.关于现在的行为之余未来的结果的最好判断(the future consequences of present actions.)再说science can provide科学能提供,这样前两句合并后变为:对于现在的行为之于未来的结果(定语变为中文中的状语),科学能提供最好的判断。最后译前半段:我们的国家和世界应该把重要的政策机遇这种判断之上,这一点非常重要。
  请同学们复习第10句!
  30. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.
  【词汇突破】lest 以免,以防 (后面所接从句需要使用should+动词原型的虚拟语气)
  acquire 获得
  deceptive 欺骗性的
  【主干识别】They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor 加情态动词的主系表结构。
  【其他成分】 lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth.
  状语从句。
  【微观解析】lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth, 状语从句中出现并列动词go and acquire,其中 go 为系动词,并且省略的 go unchallenged 意思为:不被质疑。
  【难点揭秘】这个句子的难点就是虚拟语气的识别和并列动词的识别,是为了讲解虚拟语气而列的一个句子。
  【译文赏析】他们应该迅速回复给编辑的来信(读者来信),以免动物权利的错误信息不受质疑(大行其道)、并且披上貌似真理的骗人外衣。
  【翻译点拨】对于给编辑的来信,错误信息不受质疑我们都可以采取正话反说的方法来进行翻译。
  请同学们复习第12句和13句!
  31.It's an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.
  【词汇突破】interactive feature 互动特征
  criteria 标准,条件
  matching position 匹配职位
  database 数据库
  【主干识别】主干部分为强调句式,去掉强调格式后,为An interactive feature lets visitors key in job criteria then E-mails them.并列谓语 lets 和emails
  【其他成分】such as location, title, and salary 后置定语;when a matching position is posted in the database.状语从句。
  【难点揭秘】强调句式;并列谓语such as 做后置定语使两个动词的识别出现困难,且后一个动词为常见的名词被活用为名词。
  【译文赏析】正是这种交互式的特征使得访客可以键入自己的求职要求,比如地点、职务和薪水,当数据库里张贴出相应的职位时这种互动性的特征又可以给访问者发送电子邮件通知他们。
  32. If the journalism did notice the essence of this issue , it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
  【词汇突破】diversity 多样性
  differ 不同(不及物动词):例。Tastes differ.萝卜青菜各有所爱。
  outlook 世界观
  values 价值观
  【主干识别】it would open up its diversity program and look for reporters.并列动词
  【其他成分】If this group did notice the real difference 状语从句;now focused narrowly on race and gender 过去分词作状语;who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class. 定语从句作后置定语。
  【难点揭秘】后置定语过长,影响对并列动词的识别造成阅读的难点。
  【译文赏析】如果新闻界真的注意到了问题的关键,它就应该进一步开放其多样化项目,这个项目现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员工,新闻界应该进一步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育水平和社会阶层都大相径庭的各种记者。
  【翻译点拨】过长的后置定语可以单独成句。
  同学们复习16句和17句!
  33.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.
  【词汇突破】head-scratching:令人头疼的
  puzzlement困惑
  【主干识别】This project has turned out to be findings 加上后面一系列的对于findings的修饰。
  【其他成分】sad to say 插入语,遗憾的说。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement 非谓语结构做定语(这里修饰的是findings);about what in the world those readers really want.定语从句修饰in the world 做插入语。从句的主干为:what those readers really want.
  【微观解析】factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes。这个并列结构是factual errors和spelling and grammar mistakes的并列。combined with 相当一个连词。
  【难点揭秘】非谓语结构的加入会导致解析起来比较困难。
  【译文赏析】遗憾的说,这个项目最终被证明是一个很低级的研究,它着眼于错误的事实和拼写以及语法的问题,还有很多关于读者究竟想要什么的困惑。
  请同学们复习17,18句
  8.New ways of organizing the workplace--all that reengineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.
  【词汇突破】re-engineering and downsizing 重新设计、缩小规模
  contribution 原因和因素
  【主干识别】New ways of organizing the workplace are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy.主系表结构
  【其他成分】 all that re-engineering and downsizing 同位语;which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training.非限定性定语从句。
  【微观解析】such as 做后置定语
  【难点揭秘】后置定语从句和后置定语的冗长会产生一定的阅读障碍。
  【译文赏析】厂房布置的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是影响对一个经济体的整体生产力的一个因素,整体的生产力还受许多其他因素的影响,比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术,以及在教育和培训上的投资。
  同学们复习 20 ,21 句
  35. President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model,
  with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments
  depending on investment returns.
  【词汇突破】 campaigned to do 致力于。 (写作替换词:devote to,focus on, dedicate oneself to)
  social Security 社会保障
  saving-account model 账户储蓄模式(如果不能准确的理解这个词的意思,提取主干时去掉它也不会有影响,只要理解是一种模式就好。)
  trade 交换
  guaranteed 保障,确保
  swear to , guarant to , assure to 都是保障和确保的意思。
  【主干识别】Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a model加独立主格结构。
  【其他成分】with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。depending on investment returns。在这里需要搞清楚独立主格的本质,就是将两个主语不同但有内在逻辑联系的句子合为一个句子,因而这个结构便可理解为retirees traded much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments。 depending on investment returns非谓语作后置定语。
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