TAGS: ASCII, Character Set, Encoding, Programming, TECH, Text, Unicode, UTF
Charts for frequently used characters.
Clicking on the left image will return either the CER (Character Entity Reference) or the decimal NCR (Numeric Character Reference) for the character clicked.
The five official CERs for XML/XHTML (&, &, &, &, and &) are clickable too.
HTML encoded as ASCII will need everything above x80 encoded.
HTML encoded as UTF-8 will need everything above x80 encoded in order to store as single byte characters.
HTML encoded as iso-8859-1 (ISO Latin 1) will need x80 to x159 encoded. Those code points are also marked with TT.
HTML encoded as windows-1252 will not need to be encoded.
Next to the image are all the printable windows-1252 characters, with the characters not in iso-8859-1 (xA0 = 128 to x9F = 159) in blue.
!"#$%&'()*+,-./
@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNO
PQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_
`abcdefghijklmno
pqrstuvwxyz{|}~
&&&&&&&D&&&S&&OEŽ
&&&&&&&&&&&&ž&Y
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&²³&&&&&¹&&¼½¾&
&A&A&A&A&A&A&AE&C&E&E&E&E&I&I&I&I
Ð&N&O&O&O&O&O&&O&U&U&U&U&YÞ&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
The next image is Mac OS Roman (Aka x-mac-roman). 'The Apple Standard Roman character set is the 1-byte character encoding for the Roman script system. It is the fundamental character set for the Macintosh computer, and is built into every Macintosh throughout the world.' -. For characters x00 = 0 to x7F = 127, the Mac character set is ASCII &just like windows-1252, ISO-8859-1, and Unicode. But for characters x80 = 128 to xFF = 255, Mac is arranged completely different from windows-1252, ISO-ISO-8859-1, and Unicode, but it is also a superset of ISO-8859-1.
Here are a few notable characters from Mac OS Roman:
Before Mac OS 8.5, code point xDB was mapped to ¤ (¤ = ¤ = CURRENCY SIGN = &), but is now € (€ = € = EURO SIGN = &).
⌘ (⌘ = ⌘ = command key).
⌥ (⌥ = ⌥ = option key).
 ( =  = Apple logo. This is actually in the Unicode private use only area so if your system isn't a Mac, then it may not show the Apple logo.).
Here is an excellent chart showing the differences between windows-1252 and and x-mac-roman (via ):
U+000 to U+007F (C0 Controls and Basic Latin) is the first code block in Unicode and it is exactly the same as ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange, aka ANSI_X3.4-1968; ANSI_X3.4-1986; cp367; csASCII; ISO646-US; ISO_646.irv:1991; iso-ir-6; # IBM367; us-ascii;). ASCII is a SBCS (Single Byte Character Set) that uses 7 out of the 8 bits of a byte (x0 to x7F = 0 to 127) to make 128 code points (since 27). The 8th bit was used for parity checking or for anything an application wanted to do with it. These days the 8th bit is usually used to add 128 more code points (since 28 = 256). Most of the prevalent character sets such as ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1) or Windows 1252 are superset of ASCII and are aka &high ASCII&.
The first 32 code points of this block (x0000 to x001F = 0 to 31) are control characters. Control characters are non-printing and were originally used for typewriter like actions (EGs: tab, bell), in the days of mechanical terminals like Teletype. Since then some of the non-printing characters have been re-interpreted for use on video displays or for other more funky uses.
The 26 letters of the Latin alphabet:
Capital letters:& A = A = A to Z = Z = Z.
Small letters: a = a = a to z = z = z.
The difference between a capital letter and its corresponding small letters is x10 = 32.
NULL PROMPT
CTRL+0 in SQL Server
x0010 = 16
DATA LINK ESCAPE
  =  
The escape for spaces in URIs is %20 or +.
Not the same as xA0.
0 = 0
DIGIT ZERO
@ = @
COMMERCIAL AT
P = P
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER P
` = `
GRAVE ACCENT
p = p
LATIN SMALL LETTER P
START OF HEADING
x0011 = 17
DEVICE CONTROL 1
! = !
EXCLAMATION POINT
1 = 1
A = A
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A
Q = Q
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Q
a = a
LATIN SMALL LETTER A
q = q
LATIN SMALL LETTER Q
START OF TEXT
x0012 = 18
DEVICE CONTROL 2
" = "
QUOTATION MARK
& (XML)& (trivial)
2 = 2
B = B
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER B
R = R
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER R
b = b
LATIN SMALL LETTER B
r = r
LATIN SMALL LETTER R
END OF TEXT
x0013 = 19
DEVICE CONTROL 3
# = #
NUMBER SIGN
%23 URI bookmark
3 = 3
DIGIT THREE
C = C
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C
S = S
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S
c = c
LATIN SMALL LETTER C
s = s
LATIN SMALL LETTER S
END OF TRANSMISSION
x0014 = 20
DEVICE CONTROL 4
$ = $
DOLLAR SIGN
4 = 4
DIGIT FOUR
D = D
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER D
T = T
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER T
d = d
LATIN SMALL LETTER D
t = t
LATIN SMALL LETTER T
x0015 = 21
NEGATIVE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
% = %
PERCENT SIGN
5 = 5
DIGIT FIVE
E = E
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E
U = U
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U
e = e
LATIN SMALL LETTER E
u = u
LATIN SMALL LETTER U
ACKNOWLEDGE
x0016 = 22
SYNCHRONOUS IDLE
& = &
%26 URI parameter delimeter
6 = 6
F = F
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F
V = V
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER V
f = f
LATIN SMALL LETTER F
v = v
LATIN SMALL LETTER V
x0017 = 23
END TRANSMISSION BLOCK
' = '
APOSTROPHE
& (XML but not HTML)
7 = 7
DIGIT SEVEN
G = G
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER G
W = W
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER W
g = g
LATIN SMALL LETTER G
w = w
LATIN SMALL LETTER W
x0018 = 24
( = (
LEFT PARENTHESIS
8 = 8
DIGIT EIGHT
H = H
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER H
X = X
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER X
h = h
LATIN SMALL LETTER H
x = x
LATIN SMALL LETTER X
HORIZONTAL TAB
x0019 = 25
END OF MEDIUM
) = )
RIGHT PARENTHESIS
9 = 9
DIGIT NINE
I = I
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I
Y = Y
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y
i = i
LATIN SMALL LETTER I
y = y
LATIN SMALL LETTER Y
x000A = 10
NL=NEW LINE
EOL=END OF LINE
EOL in Unix
x001A = 26
SUBSTITUTE
* = *
: = :
J = J
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER J
Z = Z
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z
j = j
LATIN SMALL LETTER J
z = z
LATIN SMALL LETTER Z
x000B = 11
VERTICAL TAB
x001B = 27
+ = +
Acts as space in URIs.
&#x003B; = &#59;
K = K
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER K
[ = [
LEFT SQUARE BRACKET
k = k
LATIN SMALL LETTER J
{ = {
LEFT CURLY BRACKET
x000C = 12
FF=FORM FEED
x001C = 28
FILE SEPARATOR
IS4=INFO SEPARATOR 4
CTRL+\
, = ,
< = <
LESS THAN SIGN
L = L
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER L
\ = \
REVERSE SOLIDUS
l = l
LATIN SMALL LETTER L
| = |
VERTICAL LINE
VERTICAL BAR
x000D = 13
CARRIAGE RETURN
\r=Mac EOL
(Win EOL=\r\n)
x001D = 29
GROUP SEPARATOR
IS3=INFO SEPARATOR 3
- = -
HYPHEN OR MINUS
= = =
EQUALS SIGN
M = M
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER M
] = ]
RIGHT SQUARE BRACKET
m = m
LATIN SMALL LETTER M
} = }
RIGHT CURLY BRACKET
x000E = 14
x001E = 30
RECORD SEPARATOR
IS2=INFO SEPARATOR 2
. = .
> = >
GREATER THAN SIGN
N = N
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N
^ = ^
CIRCUMFLEX
n = n
LATIN SMALL LETTER N
~ = ~
(See x02DC)
x000F = 15
x001F = 31
UNIT SEPARATOR
IS1=INFO SEPARATOR 1
/ = /
? = ?
QUESTION MARK
%3F Starts query string
O = O
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O
_ = _
SPACING UNDERSCORE
o = o
LATIN SMALL LETTER O
x007F; = 127
U+0080 to U+00FF (C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement) is the second code block in Unicode. This code block based upon the latter half of ISO Latin 1 (iso-8859-1 but aka: Western European (ISO); ANSI_X3.4-1968; ANSI_X3.4-1986; cp367; cp819; csASCII; IBM367; ibm819; iso-ir-100; iso-ir-6; ISO646-US; iso8859-1; ISO_646.irv:1991; iso_8859-1; iso_7; latin1; us- x- ISO Latin-1). In Unicode and ISO Latin 1, the first 32 code points of this block (x0080 to x009F) are control characters. Windows 1252 (aka: Western European (Windows); windows-1252; US/Western E W Microsoft Latin-1; Windows Latin-1; CP 1252), is another common character set and is just like ISO Latin 1, except that some of the first 32 code points are used for characters that occur later on in Unicode.
Windows uses ALT with the 4 digit decimal values on the numeric keypad (as opposed to the numbers above the letters) as a keyboard shortcut for entering the characters. EG: ALT+0165 yields a Yen symbol (¥) for its Windows ANSI character, but ALT+165 yields a capital N with tilde (Ñ) for its ECS character. See also .
x0080 = 128
€ = €
OPT+SHIFT+2
x0090 = 144
DEVICE CONTROL STRING
  =  
NO-BREAK SPACE
° = °
DEGREE SIGN
ALTGR+SHIFT+;
À = À
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then SHIFT+A
` then SHIFT+A
Ð = Ð
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER ETH
ALTGR+SHIFT+D
à = à
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then A
ð = ð
LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH
x0081 = 129
x0091 = 145
PRIVATE USE 1
‘ = ‘
LEFT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
SINGLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK
CTRL+`` in Word
¡ = ¡
INVERTED EXCLAMATION MARK
± = ±
PLUS-MINUS SIGN
Á = Á
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+A
ALTGR+SHIFT+A
' then SHIFT+A
Ñ = Ñ
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then SHIFT+N
ALTGR+SHIFT+N
~ then SHIFT+N
á = á
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then A
ñ = ñ
LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then N
x0082 = 130
‚ = ‚
SINGLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
LOW SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK
x0092 = 146
PRIVATE USE 2
’ = ’
RIGHT SINGLE QUOTATION MARK
SINGLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK
OPT+SHIFT+]
CTRL+'' in Word
¢ = ¢
ALTGR+SHIFT+C
² = ²
SUPERSCRIPT TWO
 = Â
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then SHIFT+A
^ then SHIFT+A
Ò = Ò
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER N WITH TILDE
OPT+', then SHIFT+O
â = â
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then A
ò = ò
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then O
x0083 = 131
NO BREAK HERE
ƒ = ƒ
LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK
LATIN SMALL LETTER SCRIPT F
x0093 = 147
SET TRANSMIT STATE
“ = “
LEFT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
DOUBLE TURNED COMMA QUOTATION MARK
CTRL+`& in Word
£ = £
POUND SIGN
ALTGR+SHIFT+4
³ = ³
SUPERSCRIPT THREE
à = Ã
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then SHIFT+A
~ then SHIFT+A
Ó = Ó
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+O
ALTGR+SHIFT+O
' then SHIFT+O
ã = ã
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then A
ó = ó
LATIN SMALLLETTER O WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then O
' then O
x0084 = 132
„ = „
DOUBLE LOW-9 QUOTATION MARK
LOW DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK
x0094 = 148
CANCEL CHARACTER
” = ”
RIGHT DOUBLE QUOTATION MARK
DOUBLE COMMA QUOTATION MARK
OPT+SHIFT+[
CTRL+'& in Word
¤ = ¤
CURRENCY SIGN
´ = ´
ACCUTE ACCENT
Ä = Ä
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then SHIFT+A
ALTGR+SHIFT+Q
& then SHIFT+A
Ô = Ô
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then SHIFT+O
^ then SHIFT+O
ä = ä
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then A
ô = ô
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then O
x0085 = 133
… = …
HORIZONTAL ELLIPSIS
x0095 = 149
MESSAGE WAITING
• = •
¥ = ¥
µ = µ
MICRON SIGN
Å = Å
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
OPT+SHIFT+A
ALTGR+SHIFT+W
Õ = Õ
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then SHIFT+O
~ then SHIFT+O
å = å
LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE
õ = õ
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE
OPT+N, then O
x0086 = 134
START OF SELECTED AREA
† = †
x0096 = 150
START OF GUARDED AREA
– = –
¦ = ¦
BROKEN BAR
BROKEN VERTICAL BAR
ALTGR+SHIFT+\
¶ = ¶
PILCROW SIGN
PARAGRAPH SIGN
Æ = Æ
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER AE
LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE AE
ALTGR+SHIFT+Z
Ö = Ö
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then SHIFT+O
ALTGR+SHIFT+P
& then SHIFT+O
æ = æ
LATIN SMALL LETTER AE
LATIN SMALL LIGATURE AE
ö = ö
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then O
x0087 = 135
END OF SELECTED AREA
‡ = ‡
DOUBLE DAGGER
x0097 = 151
END OF GUARDED AREA
— = —
OPT+SHIFT+-
§ = §
SECTION SIGN
ALTGR+SHIFT+S
· = ·
MIDDLE DOT
Ç = Ç
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
OPT+SHIFT+C
ALTGR+SHIFT+,
' then SHIFT+C
× = ×
MULTIPLICATION SIGN
ç = ç
LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA
' then C
÷ = ÷
DIVISION SIGN
x0088 = 136
CHARACTER TABULATION SET
ˆ =ˆ
MODIFIER LETTER CIRCUMFLEX ACCENT
x0098 = 152
START OF STRING
˜ = ˜
SMALL TILDE
¨ = ¨
ALTGR+SHIFT+&
¸ = ¸
È = È
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then SHIFT+E
` then SHIFT+E
Ø = Ø
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O SLASH
ALTGR+SHIFT+L
è = è
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then E
ø = ø
LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE
LATIN SMALL LETTER O SLASH
x0089 = 137
CHARACTER TABULATION WITH JUSTIFICATION
‰ =‰
PER MILLE SIGN
x0099 = 153
™ = ™
TRADE MARK SIGN
© = ©
COPYRIGHT SIGN
¹ = ¹
SUPERSCRIPT ONE
É = É
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+E
ALTGR+SHIFT+E
' then SHIFT+E
Ù = Ù
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then SHIFT+U
` then SHIFT+U
é = é
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then E
' then E
ù = ù
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then U
x008A = 138
LINE TABULATION SET
Š = Š
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER S WITH CARON
x009A = 154
SINGLE CHARACTER INTRODUCER
š = š
LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH SCARON
ª = ª
FEMININE ORDINAL INDICATOR
º =º
MASCULINE ORDINAL INDICATOR
Ê = Ê
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then SHIFT+E
^ then SHIFT+E
Ú = Ú
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+U
ALTGR+SHIFT+U
' then SHIFT+U
ê = ê
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then E
ú = ú
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then U
' then U
x008B = 139
PARTIAL LINE FORWARD
‹ = ‹
SINGLE LEFT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
LEFT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET
x009B = 155
CONTROL SEQUENCE INTRODUCER
› = ›
SINGLE RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
RIGHT POINTING SINGLE GUILLEMET
« = «
LEFT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
LEFT POINTING GUILLEMET
» = »
RIGHT-POINTING DOUBLE ANGLE QUOTATION MARK
RIGHT POINTING GUILLEMET
Ë = Ë
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then SHIFT+E
& then SHIFT+E
Û = Û
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then SHIFT+U
^ then SHIFT+U
ë = ë
LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then E
û = û
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then U
x008C = 140
PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD
Œ = Œ
LATIN CAPITAL LIGATURE OE
x009C = 156
STRING TERMINATOR
œ = œ
LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE
LATIN SMALL LETTER OE
¬ = ¬
ALTGR+\
¼ = ¼
VULGAR FRACTION ONE QUARTER
Ì = Ì
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then SHIFT+I
` then SHIFT+I
Ü = Ü
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then SHIFT+U
ALTGR+SHIFT+Y
& then SHIFT+U
ì = ì
LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE
OPT+', then I
ü = ü
LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then U
x008D = 141
REVERSE LINE FEED
x009D = 157
OPERATING SYSTEM COMMAND
­ = ­
SOFT HYPHEN
½ = ½
VULGAR FRACTION ONE HALF
Í = Í
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+I
ALTGR+SHIFT+I
' then SHIFT+I
Ý = Ý
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then SHIFT+Y
' then SHIFT+Y
í = í
LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then I
ý = ý
LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE
OPT+E, then Y
' then Y
x008E = 142
SINGLE SHIFT 2
Ž = Ž
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER Z WITH CARON
x009E = 158
PRIVACY MESSAGE
ž = ž
LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON
® = ®
REGISTERED SIGN
REGISTERED TRADE MARK SIGN
¾ = ¾
VULGAR FRACTION THREE QUARTERS
Î = Î
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then SHIFT+I
^ then SHIFT+I
Þ = Þ
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER THORN
ALTGR+SHIFT+T
î = î
LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX
OPT+I, then I
þ = þ
LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN
x008F = 143
SINGLE SHIFT 3
x009F = 159
APPLICATION PROGRAM COMMAND
Ÿ = Ÿ
LATIN CAPITAL LETTERY WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then Y
¯ = ¯
¿ = ¿
INVERTED QUESTION MARK
OPT+SHIFT+?
Ï = Ï
LATIN CAPITAL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then SHIFT+I
& then SHIFT+I
ß = ß
LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S
ï = ï
LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then I
ÿ =ÿ
LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS
OPT+U, then Y
You may also want to see my section on
The 24 letters of the Greek alphabet:
Capital letters: Α = Α = Α = &A to Ω = Ω = Ω = &O. Note: x03A2 is skipped.
Small letters: α = α = α = & to ω = ω = ω = &. Note: x03C2 is not one of the 24.
The difference between a capital letter and its corresponding small letters is x10 = 32.
I am only showing the Greek symbols that have an official HTML CER.
Π = Π
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PI
π = π
GREEK SMALL LETTER PI
Α = Α
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ALPHA
Ρ = Π
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER RHO
α = α
GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA
ρ = ρ
GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO
ϑ = ϑ
GREEK THETA SYMBOL
GREEK SMALL LETTER SCRIPT THETA
Β = Β
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA
β = β
GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA
ς = ς
GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA
ϒ = ϒ
GREEK UPSILON WITH HOOK SYMBOL
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON
Γ = Γ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER GAMMA
Σ = Σ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER SIGMA
γ = γ
GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA
σ = σ
GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA
Δ = Δ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER DELTA
Τ = Τ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER TAU
δ = δ
GREEK SMALL LETTER DELTA
τ = τ
GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU
Ε = Ε
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER EPSILON
Σ = Υ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER UPSILON
ε = ε
GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON
υ = υ
GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON
Ζ = Ζ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ZETA
Φ = Φ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PHI
ζ = ζ
GREEK SMALL LETTER ZETA
φ = φ
GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI
ϖ = ϖ
GREEK PI SYMBOL
GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA PI
Η = Η
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER ETA
Χ = Χ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER CHI
η = η
GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA
χ = χ
GREEK SMALL LETTER CHI
Θ = Θ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER THETA
Ψ = Ψ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER PSI
θ = θ
GREEK SMALL LETTER THETA
ψ = ψ
GREEK SMALL LETTER PSI
Ι = Ι
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER IOTA
Ω = Ω
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMEGA
ι = ι
GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA
ω = ω
GREEK SMALL LETTER OMEGA
Κ = Κ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER KAPPA
κ = κ
GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA
Λ = Λ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER LAMBDA
λ = λ
GREEK SMALL LETTER LAMBDA
Μ = Μ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER MU
μ = μ
GREEK SMALL LETTER MU
Ν = Ν
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER NU
ν = ν
GREEK SMALL LETTER NU
Ξ = Ξ
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER XI
ξ = ξ
GREEK SMALL LETTER XI
Ο = Ο
GREEK CAPITAL LETTER OMICRON
ο = ο
GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON
From U+2000 to U+206F; ;
  =   = &
  =   = &
  =   = &
THIN SPACE
‌ = ‌ = &
ZERO WIDTH NON-JOINER = ZWNJ
‍ = ‍ = &
ZERO WIDTH JOINER = ZWJ
‎ = ‎ = &
LEFT-TO-RIGHT MARK = LRM
‏ = ‏ = &
RIGHT-TO-LEFT MARK = RLM
′ = ′ = &
″ = ″ = &P
DOUBLE PRIME
‾ = ‾ = &
OVERLINE = SPACING OVERSCORE
⁄ = ⁄ = &
FRACTION SLASH
From U+2100 to U+214F; ;
ℑ = ℑ = &
BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL I
℘ = ℘ = &
SCRIPT CAPITAL P
ℜ = ℜ = &
BLACK-LETTER CAPITAL R
ℵ = ℵ = &
ALEF SYMBOL
From U+2190 to U+21FF; ;
← = ← = &
LEFTWARDS ARROW
↑ = ↑ = &
UPWARDS ARROW
→ = → = &
RIGHTWARDS ARROW
↓ = ↓ = &
DOWNWARDS ARROW
↔ = ↔ = &
LEFT RIGHT ARROW
↵ = ↵ = &
DOWNWARDS ARROW WITH CORNER LEFTWARDS
⇐ = ⇐ = &lA
LEFTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⇑ = ⇑ = &uA
UPWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⇒ = ⇒ = &rA
RIGHTWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⇓ = ⇓ = &dA
DOWNWARDS DOUBLE ARROW
⇔ = ⇔ = &hA
LEFT RIGHT DOUBLE ARROW
From U+2200 to U+22FF; ;
∀ = ∀ = &
∂ = ∂ = &
PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL
∃ = ∃ = &
THERE EXISTS
∅ = ∅ = &
∇ = ∇ = &
∈ = ∈ = &
ELEMENT OF
∉ = ∉ = &
NOT AN ELEMENT OF
∋ = ∋ = &
CONTAINS AS MEMBER
∏ = ∏ = &
N-ARY PRODUCT
∑ = ∑ = &
N-ARY SUMMATION
− = − = &
MINUS SIGN
∗ = ∗ = &
ASTERISK OPERATOR
√ = √ = &
SQUARE ROOT
∝ = ∝ = &
PROPORTIONAL TO
∞ = ∞ = &
∠ = ∠ = &
∧ = ∧ = &
LOGICAL AND
∨ = ∨ = &
LOGICAL OR
∩ = ∩ = &
INTERSECTION
∪ = ∪ = &
∫ = ∫ = &
∴ = ∴ = ∴
∼ = ∼ = &
TILDE OPERATOR
≅ = ≅ = &
CONGRUENT TO
≈ = ≈ = &
ALMOST EQUAL TO
≠ = ≠ = &
NOT EQUAL TO
≡ = ≡ = &
IDENTICAL TO
≤ = ≤ = &
LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO
≥ = ≥ = &
GREATER-THAN OR EQUAL TO
⊂ = ⊂ = &
⊃ = ⊃ = &
SUPERSET OF
⊄ = ⊄ = &
NOT A SUBSET OF
⊆ = ⊆ = &
SUBSET OF OR EQUAL TO
⊇ = ⊇ = &
SUPERSET OF OR EQUAL TO
⊕ = ⊕ = &
CIRCLED PLUS
⊗ = ⊗ = &
CIRCLED TIMES
⊥ = ⊥ = &
⋅ = ⋅ = &
DOT OPERATOR
From U+2300 to U+23FF; ;
⌈ = ⌈ = &
LEFT CEILING
⌉ = ⌉ = &
RIGHT CEILING
⌊ = ⌊ = &
LEFT FLOOR
⌋ = ⌋ = &
RIGHT FLOOR
〈 = 〈 = &
LEFT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
〉 = 〉 = &
RIGHT-POINTING ANGLE BRACKET
From U+25A0 to U+25FF; ;
◊ = ◊ = &
From U+2660 to U+26FF; ;
♠ = ♠ = &
BLACK SPADE SUIT
♣ = ♣ = &
BLACK CLUB SUIT
♥ = ♥ = &
BLACK HEART SUIT
♦ = ♦ = &
BLACK DIAMOND SUIT
The code blocks below are as of Unicode 4.0, but the images I have are from Unicode 3.0. The PDFs are all fairly small except where noted (EG: The CJK code block).
Code Point
Code Block Name
Based on ISO 8859-1 (Latin 1)
Based on ISO ,-4,-9
International Phonetic Alphabet
EG HTML use: xİ makes x̄.
Based on ISO 8859-7
Based on ISO 8859-5
Based on ISO 8859-8
Based on ISO 8859-6
Stuff like ❦
5 MB PDF. CJK = Chinese Japanese Korean.
0.6 MB PDF
High Private Use Surrogates
0.5 MB PDF
Unicode 3.1 Additions
Phoenician
The father of modern alphabets in 5.0
0.5 MB PDF
Unicode Attempts
This page has many special characters so you system may need to be tweaked in order for them to be rendered properly. Most notably the typefaces/fonts needed are Arial Unicode MS, Code2000, or Lucida Sans Unicode.
Many of the hexadecimal Unicode code points on this page are padded with zero so they will be four digits long and thus allow more exact searching.
Here is the essence of URL syntax:
scheme://user:password@host.domain.tld:port/path/file?param1=1st+value&param2=2nd%20value#bookmark
All the non-alpha numeric characters (: / @ ? = + &) as well as a few others (; $ ,) have special meaning in URIs and must be escaped in URIs if not used as a special character using %hexadecimal syntax. EG: In the parameter value of R&D, the & must be escaped to make R%26D since the & delimits parameters in query strings.
ß (ß = ß = &, the LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S, aka eszett or scharfes es) is a ligature of ſ (ſ = ſ, the LATIN SMALL LETTER LONG S, aka the medial s) with either s (to form ſs) or z (to form ſz). I just wanted to note a few things:
The eszett is lowercase (it has no uppercase) and yet (gasp!) it is in the upper case column!
The medial s (ſ) looks like a lowercase f (f), hence &suck& can be much dirtier.
The scharfes looks similar to the β (β = β = &), the GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA.
Page Modified: (Hand noted:
20:38:49Z) (Auto noted:
16:21:43Z)}