How to Calculate the Federal Taxes Withheld | eHow
The federal government requires that employers withhold money from their employees' paychecks to be put aside for the federal income taxes that they will owe at the end of the year. Each year, the Internal Revenue Service publishes a new versions of IRS Publication 15, which contains the most recent values for personal allowances and tax tables. The amount withheld varies based on your income, the length of the pay period and the number of personal allowances you claimed on your W-4 form.
Consult IRS Publication 15 (see Resources) to find the value of each personal allowance per pay period. For example, as of 2010, if you were paid semiannually, you would find that each allowance reduces your income subject to federal income tax withholding by $1,825.
Multiply the value of your allowance per pay period by the number of personal allowances you claimed on your W-4 form. Continuing the example, if you claimed two allowances, you would multiply $1,825 by 2 to find the value of your allowances to be $3,650.
Subtract the value of your personal allowances from your periodic pay. In this example, if you were paid $45,000 semiannually, you would subtract $3,650 from $45,000 to get $41,350.
Use the appropriate tax withholding table found in IRS Publication 15 to calculate your income tax withholding based on your pay period and filing status. Finishing the example, if you were married, you would use the semiannual payroll period chart for married people to find that your income tax withholding would be $5,250.
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3秒自动关闭窗口Table of Contents
Introduction
This chapter discusses which taxes you can deduct if you itemize deductions on Schedule A (Form 1040). It also explains which
taxes you can deduct on other schedules or forms and which taxes you cannot deduct.
This chapter covers the following topics.
Income taxes (federal, state, local, and foreign).
General sales taxes (state and local).
Real estate taxes (state, local, and foreign).
Personal property taxes (state and local).
Taxes and fees you cannot deduct.
as a guide to determine which taxes you can deduct.
The end of the chapter contains a section that explains which forms you use to deduct different types of taxes.
Business taxes.
&&You can deduct certain taxes only if they are ordinary and necessary expenses of your trade or business or of producing
income. For information on these taxes, see Publication 535, Business Expenses.
State or local taxes.
&&These are taxes imposed by the 50 states, U.S. possessions, or any of their political subdivisions (such as a county
or city), or by the District of Columbia.
Indian tribal government.
&&An Indian tribal government recognized by the Secretary of the Treasury as performing substantial government functions
will be treated as a state for purposes of claiming a deduction for taxes. Income taxes, real estate taxes, and personal property
taxes imposed by that Indian tribal government (or by any of its subdivisions that are treated as political subdivisions of
a state) are deductible.
General sales taxes.
&&These are taxes imposed at one rate on retail sales of a broad range of classes of items.
Foreign taxes.
&&These are taxes imposed by a foreign country or any of its political subdivisions.
Useful Items - You may want to see:
Publication
Foreign Tax Credit for Individuals
Tax Information for Homeowners
Form (and Instructions)
Schedule A (Form 1040)
Itemized Deductions
Schedule E (Form 1040)
Supplemental Income and Loss
Foreign Tax Credit
Tests To Deduct Any Tax
The following two tests must be met for you to deduct any tax.
The tax must be imposed on you.
You must pay the tax during your tax year.
The tax must be imposed on you.
&&In general, you can deduct only taxes imposed on you.
&&Generally, you can deduct property taxes only if you are an owner of the property. If your spouse owns the property
and pays the real estate taxes, the taxes are deductible on your spouse's separate return or on your joint return.
You must pay the tax during your tax year.
&&If you are a cash basis taxpayer, you can deduct only those taxes you actually paid during your tax year. If you pay
your taxes by check, the day you mail or deliver the check is the date of payment, provided the check is honored by the financial
institution. If you use a pay-by-phone account (such as a credit card or electronic funds withdrawal), the date reported on
the statement of the financial institution showing when payment was made is the date of payment. If you contest a tax liability
and are a cash basis taxpayer, you can deduct the tax only in the year you actually pay it (or transfer money or other property
to provide for satisfaction of the contested liability). See Publication 538, Accounting Periods and Methods, for details.
If you use an accrual method of accounting, see Publication 538 for more information.
Income Taxes
This section discusses the deductibility of state and local income taxes (including employee contributions to state benefit
funds) and foreign income taxes.
State and Local Income Taxes
You can deduct state and local income taxes. However, you can elect to deduct state and local general sales taxes instead
of state and local income taxes. See , later.
Exception.
&& You cannot deduct state and local income taxes you pay on income that is exempt from federal income tax, unless the
exempt income is interest income. For example, you cannot deduct the part of a state's income tax that is on a cost-of-living
allowance exempt from federal income tax.
What To Deduct
Your deduction may be for withheld taxes, estimated tax payments, or other tax payments as follows.
Withheld taxes.
&&You can deduct state and local income taxes withheld from your salary in the year they are withheld. Your Form(s)
W-2 will show these amounts. Forms W-2G, 1099-G, 1099-R, and 1099-MISC may also show state and local income taxes withheld.
Estimated tax payments.
&&You can deduct estimated tax payments you made during the year to a state or local government. However, you must have
a reasonable basis for making the estimated tax payments. Any estimated state or local tax payments that are not made in good
faith at the time of payment are not deductible. For example, you made an estimated state income tax payment. However, the
estimate of your state tax liability shows that you will get a refund of the full amount of your estimated payment. You had
no reasonable basis to believe you had any additional liability for state income taxes and you cannot deduct the estimated
tax payment.
Refund applied to taxes.
&&You can deduct any part of a refund of prior-year state or local income taxes that you chose to have credited to your
2013 estimated state or local income taxes.
&& Do not reduce your deduction by either of the following items.
Any state or local income tax refund (or credit) you expect to receive for 2013.
Any refund of (or credit for) prior-year state and local income taxes you actually received in 2013.
&&However, part or all of this refund (or credit) may be taxable. See , later.
Separate federal returns.
&&If you and your spouse file separate state, local, and federal income tax returns, you each can deduct on your federal
return only the amount of your own state and local income tax that you paid during the tax year.
Joint state and local returns.
&&If you and your spouse file joint state and local returns and separate federal returns, each of you can deduct on
your separate federal return a part of the total state and local income taxes paid during the tax year. You can deduct only
the amount of the total taxes that is proportionate to your gross income compared to the combined gross income of you and
your spouse. However, you cannot deduct more than the amount you actually paid during the year. You can avoid this calculation
if you and your spouse are jointly and individually liable for the full amount of the state and local income taxes. If so,
you and your spouse can deduct on your separate federal returns the amount you each actually paid.
Joint federal return.
&&If you file a joint federal return, you can deduct the total of the state and local income taxes both of you paid.
Contributions to state benefit funds.
As an employee, you can deduct mandatory contributions to state benefit funds withheld from your wages that provide protection
against loss of wages. For example, certain states require employees to make contributions to state funds providing disability
or unemployment insurance benefits. Mandatory payments made to the following state benefit funds are deductible as state income
taxes on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5.
Alaska Unemployment Compensation Fund.
California Nonoccupational Disability Benefit Fund.
New Jersey Nonoccupational Disability Benefit Fund.
New Jersey Unemployment Compensation Fund.
New York Nonoccupational Disability Benefit Fund.
Pennsylvania Unemployment Compensation Fund.
Rhode Island Temporary Disability Benefit Fund.
Washington State Supplemental Workmen's Compensation Fund.
Employee contributions to private or voluntary disability plans are not deductible.
Refund (or credit) of state or local income taxes.
&&If you receive a refund of (or credit for) state or local income taxes in a year after the year in which you paid
them, you may have to include the refund in income on Form 1040, line 10, in the year you receive it. This includes refunds
resulting from taxes that were overwithheld, applied from a prior year return, not figured correctly, or figured again because
of an amended return. If you did not itemize your deductions in the previous year, do not include the refund in income. If
you deducted the taxes in the previous year, include all or part of the refund on Form 1040, line 10, in the year you receive
the refund. For a discussion of how much to include, see
in chapter 12.
Foreign Income Taxes
Generally, you can take either a deduction or a credit for income taxes imposed on you by a foreign country or a U.S. possession.
However, you cannot take a deduction or credit for foreign income taxes paid on income that is exempt from U.S. tax under
the foreign earned income exclusion or the foreign housing exclusion. For information on these exclusions, see Publication
54, Tax Guide for U.S. Citizens and Resident Aliens Abroad. For information on the foreign tax credit, see Publication 514.
General Sales Taxes
You can elect to deduct state and local general sales taxes, instead of state and local income taxes, as an itemized deduction
on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5b. You can use either your actual expenses or the state and local sales tax tables to figure
your sales tax deduction.
Actual expenses.
&&Generally, you can deduct the actual state and local general sales taxes (including compensating use taxes) if the
tax rate was the same as the general sales tax rate. However, sales taxes on food, clothing, medical supplies, and motor vehicles
are deductible as a general sales tax even if the tax rate was less than the general sales tax rate. If you paid sales tax
on a motor vehicle at a rate higher than the general sales tax rate, you can deduct only the amount of tax that you would
have paid at the general sales tax rate on that vehicle. If you use the actual expenses method, you must have receipts to
show the general sales taxes paid. Do not include sales taxes paid on items used in your trade or business.
Motor vehicles.
&&For purposes of this section, motor vehicles include cars, motorcycles, motor homes, recreational vehicles, sport
utility vehicles, trucks, vans, and off-road vehicles. This also includes sales taxes on a leased motor vehicle, but not on
vehicles used in your trade or business.
Optional sales tax tables.
&&Instead of using your actual expenses, you can figure your state and local general sales tax deduction using the state
and local sales tax tables in the Instructions for Schedule A (Form 1040). You may also be able to add the state and local
general sales taxes paid on certain specified items.
&&Your applicable table amount is based on the state where you live, your income, and the number of exemptions claimed
on your tax return. Your income is your adjusted gross income plus any nontaxable items such as the following.
Tax-exempt interest.
Veterans' benefits.
Nontaxable combat pay.
Workers' compensation.
Nontaxable part of social security and railroad retirement benefits.
Nontaxable part of IRA, pension, or annuity distributions, excluding rollovers.
Public assistance payments.
If you lived in different states during the same tax year, you must prorate your applicable table amount for each state based
on the days you lived in each state. See the Instructions for Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5, for details.
Real Estate Taxes
Deductible real estate taxes are any state, local, or foreign taxes on real property levied for the general public welfare.
You can deduct these taxes only if they are based on the assessed value of the real property and charged uniformly against
all property under the jurisdiction of the taxing authority.
Deductible real estate taxes generally do not include taxes charged for local benefits and improvements that increase the
value of the property. They also do not include itemized charges for services (such as trash collection) assessed against
specific property or certain people, even if the charge is paid to the taxing authority. For more information about taxes
and charges that are not deductible, see , later.
Tenant-shareholders in a cooperative housing corporation.
&&Generally, if you are a tenant-stockholder in a cooperative housing corporation, you can deduct the amount paid to
the corporation that represents your share of the real estate taxes the corporation paid or incurred for your dwelling unit.
The corporation should provide you with a statement showing your share of the taxes. For more information, see Special Rules for Cooperatives in Publication 530.
Division of real estate taxes between buyers and sellers.
&&If you bought or sold real estate during the year, the real estate taxes must be divided between the buyer and the
&&The buyer and the seller must divide the real estate taxes according to the number of days in the real property tax
year (the period to which the tax is imposed relates) that each owned the property. The seller is treated as paying the taxes
up to, but not including, the date of sale. The buyer is treated as paying the taxes beginning with the date of sale. This
applies regardless of the lien dates under local law. Generally, this information is included on the settlement statement
provided at the closing.
If you (the seller) cannot deduct taxes until they are paid because you use the cash method of accounting, and the buyer of
your property is personally liable for the tax, you are considered to have paid your part of the tax at the time of the sale.
This lets you deduct the part of the tax to the date of sale even though you did not actually pay it. However, you must also
include the amount of that tax in the selling price of the property. The buyer must include the same amount in his or her
cost of the property.
&&You figure your deduction for taxes on each property bought or sold during the real property tax year as follows.
Worksheet 22-1.Figuring Your Real Estate Tax Deduction
Real estate taxes for prior years.
&&Do not divide delinquent taxes between the buyer and seller if the taxes are for any real property tax year before
the one in which the property is sold. Even if the buyer agrees to pay the delinquent taxes, the buyer cannot deduct them.
The buyer must add them to the cost of the property. The seller can deduct these taxes paid by the buyer. However, the seller
must include them in the selling price.
&&The following examples illustrate how real estate taxes are divided between buyer and seller.
Example 1.
Dennis and Beth White's real property tax year for both their old home and their new home is the calendar year, with payment
due August 1. The tax on their old home, sold on May 7, was $620. The tax on their new home, bought on May 3, was $732. Dennis
and Beth are considered to have paid a proportionate share of the real estate taxes on the old home even though they did not
actually pay them to the taxing authority. On the other hand, they can claim only a proportionate share of the taxes they
paid on their new property even though they paid the entire amount.
Dennis and Beth owned their old home during the real property tax year for 126 days (January 1 to May 6, the day before the
sale). They figure their deduction for taxes on their old home as follows.
Worksheet 22-1.Figuring Your Real Estate Tax Deduction — Taxes on Old Home
Enter the total real estate taxes for the real property tax year
Enter the number of days in the real property tax year that you owned the property
Divide line 2 by 365 (for leap years, divide line 2 by 366)
Multiply line 1 by line 3. This is your deduction. Enter it on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 6
Since the buyers of their old home paid all of the taxes, Dennis and Beth also include the $214 in the selling price of the
old home. (The buyers add the $214 to their cost of the home.)
Dennis and Beth owned their new home during the real property tax year for 243 days (May 3 to December 31, including their
date of purchase). They figure their deduction for taxes on their new home as follows.
Worksheet 22-1.Figuring Your Real Estate Tax Deduction — Taxes on New Home
Enter the total real estate taxes for the real property tax year
Enter the number of days in the real property tax year that you owned the property
Divide line 2 by 365 (for leap years, divide line 2 by 366)
Multiply line 1 by line 3. This is your deduction. Enter it on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 6
Since Dennis and Beth paid all of the taxes on the new home, they add $245 ($732 paid less $487 deduction) to their cost of
the new home. (The sellers add this $245 to their selling price and deduct the $245 as a real estate tax.)
Dennis and Beth's real estate tax deduction for their old and new homes is the sum of $214 and $487, or $701. They will enter
this amount on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 6.
Example 2.
George and Helen Brown bought a new home on May 3, 2013. Their real property tax year for the new home is the calendar year.
Real estate taxes for 2012 were assessed in their state on January 1, 2013. The taxes became due on May 31, 2013, and October
The Browns agreed to pay all taxes due after the date of purchase. Real estate taxes for 2012 were $680. They paid $340 on
May 31, 2013, and $340 on October 31, 2013. These taxes were for the 2012 real property tax year. The Browns cannot deduct
them since they did not own the property until 2013. Instead, they must add $680 to the cost of their new home.
In January 2014, the Browns receive their 2013 property tax statement for $752, which they will pay in 2014. The Browns owned
their new home during the 2013 real property tax year for 243 days (May 3 to December 31). They will figure their 2014 deduction
for taxes as follows.
Worksheet 22-1.Figuring Your Real Estate Tax Deduction — Taxes on New Home
Enter the total real estate taxes for the real property tax year
Enter the number of days in the real property tax year that you owned the property
Divide line 2 by 365 (for leap years, divide line 2 by 366)
Multiply line 1 by line 3. This is your deduction. Claim it on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 6
The remaining $251 ($752 paid less $501 deduction) of taxes paid in 2014, along with the $680 paid in 2013, is added to the
cost of their new home.
Because the taxes up to the date of sale are considered paid by the seller on the date of sale, the seller is entitled to
a 2013 tax deduction of $931. This is the sum of the $680 for 2012 and the $251 for the 122 days the seller owned the home
in 2013. The seller must also include the $931 in the selling price when he or she figures the gain or loss on the sale. The
seller should contact the Browns in January 2014 to find out how much real estate tax is due for 2013.
Form 1099-S.
&&For certain sales or exchanges of real estate, the person responsible for closing the sale (generally the settlement
agent) prepares Form 1099-S, Proceeds From Real Estate Transactions, to report certain information to the IRS and to the seller
of the property. Box 2 of Form 1099-S is for the gross proceeds from the sale and should include the portion of the seller's
real estate tax liability that the buyer will pay after the date of sale. The buyer includes these taxes in the cost basis
of the property, and the seller both deducts this amount as a tax paid and includes it in the sales price of the property.
&&For a real estate transaction that involves a home, any real estate tax the seller paid in advance but that is the
liability of the buyer appears on Form 1099-S, box 5. The buyer deducts this amount as a real estate tax, and the seller reduces
his or her real estate tax deduction (or includes it in income) by the same amount. See , later.
Taxes placed in escrow.
&&If your monthly mortgage payment includes an amount placed in escrow (put in the care of a third party) for real estate
taxes, you may not be able to deduct the total amount placed in escrow. You can deduct only the real estate tax that the third
party actually paid to the taxing authority. If the third party does not notify you of the amount of real estate tax that
was paid for you, contact the third party or the taxing authority to find the proper amount to show on your return.
Tenants by the entirety.
&&If you and your spouse held property as tenants by the entirety and you file separate federal returns, each of you
can deduct only the taxes each of you paid on the property.
Divorced individuals.
&&If your divorce or separation agreement states that you must pay the real estate taxes for a home owned by you and
your spouse, part of your payments may be deductible as alimony and part as real estate taxes. See
in chapter 18 for more information.
Ministers' and military housing allowances.
&&If you are a minister or a member of the uniformed services and receive a housing allowance that you can exclude from
income, you still can deduct all of the real estate taxes you pay on your home.
Refund (or rebate).
&&If you received a refund or rebate in 2013 of real estate taxes you paid in 2013, you must reduce your deduction by
the amount refunded to you. If you received a refund or rebate in 2013 of real estate taxes you deducted in an earlier year
(either as an itemized deduction or an increase to your standard deduction), you generally must include the refund or rebate
in income in the year you receive it. However, the amount you include in income is limited to the amount of the deduction
that reduced your tax in the earlier year. For more information, see
in chapter 12.
Table 22-1. Which Taxes Can You Deduct?
Real Estate-Related Items You Cannot Deduct
Payments for the following items generally are not deductible as real estate taxes.
Taxes for local benefits.
Itemized charges for services (such as trash and garbage pickup fees).
Transfer taxes (or stamp taxes).
Rent increases due to higher real estate taxes.
Homeowners' association charges.
Taxes for local benefits.
&&Deductible real estate taxes generally do not include taxes charged for local benefits and improvements tending to
increase the value of your property. These include assessments for streets, sidewalks, water mains, sewer lines, public parking
facilities, and similar improvements. You should increase the basis of your property by the amount of the assessment.
&&Local benefit taxes are deductible only if they are for maintenance, repair, or interest charges related to those
benefits. If only a part of the taxes is for maintenance, repair, or interest, you must be able to show the amount of that
part to claim the deduction. If you cannot determine what part of the tax is for maintenance, repair, or interest, none of
it is deductible.
Taxes for local benefits may be included in your real estate tax bill. If your taxing authority (or mortgage lender) does
not furnish you a copy of your real estate tax bill, ask for it. You should use the rules above to determine if the local
benefit tax is deductible. Contact the taxing authority if you need additional information about a specific charge on your
real estate tax bill.
Itemized charges for services.
&& An itemized charge for services assessed against specific property or certain people is not a tax, even if the charge
is paid to the taxing authority. For example, you cannot deduct the charge as a real estate tax if it is:
A unit fee for the delivery of a service (such as a $5 fee charged for every 1,000 gallons of water you use),
A periodic charge for a residential service (such as a $20 per month or $240 annual fee charged to each homeowner for trash
collection), or
A flat fee charged for a single service provided by your government (such as a $30 charge for mowing your lawn because it
was allowed to grow higher than permitted under your local ordinance).
You must look at your real estate tax bill to determine if any nondeductible itemized charges, such as those listed above,
are included in the bill. If your taxing authority (or mortgage lender) does not furnish you a copy of your real estate tax
bill, ask for it.
Exception.
&&Service charges used to maintain or improve services (such as trash collection or police and fire protection) are
deductible as real estate taxes if:
The fees or charges are imposed at a like rate against all property in the taxing jurisdiction,
The funds collect instead, they are commingled with general revenue funds, and
Funds used to maintain or improve services are not limited to or determined by the amount of these fees or charges collected.
Transfer taxes (or stamp taxes).
&&Transfer taxes and similar taxes and charges on the sale of a personal home are not deductible. If they are paid by
the seller, they are expenses of the sale and reduce the amount realized on the sale. If paid by the buyer, they are included
in the cost basis of the property.
Rent increase due to higher real estate taxes.
&&If your landlord increases your rent in the form of a tax surcharge because of increased real estate taxes, you cannot
deduct the increase as taxes.
Homeowners' association charges.
&&These charges are not deductible because they are imposed by the homeowners' association, rather than the state or
local government.
Personal Property Taxes
Personal property tax is deductible if it is a state or local tax that is:
Charged on personal property,
Based only on the value of the personal property, and
Charged on a yearly basis, even if it is collected more or less than once a year.
A tax that meets the above requirements can be considered charged on personal property even if it is for the exercise of a
privilege. For example, a yearly tax based on value qualifies as a personal property tax even if it is called a registration
fee and is for the privilege of registering motor vehicles or using them on the highways.
If the tax is partly based on value and partly based on other criteria, it may qualify in part.
Your state charges a yearly motor vehicle registration tax of 1% of value plus 50 cents per hundredweight. You paid $32 based
on the value ($1,500) and weight (3,400 lbs.) of your car. You can deduct $15 (1% & $1,500) as a personal property tax because
it is based on the value. The remaining $17 ($.50 & 34), based on the weight, is not deductible.
Taxes and Fees You Cannot Deduct
Many federal, state, and local government taxes are not deductible because they do not fall within the categories discussed
earlier. Other taxes and fees, such as federal income taxes, are not deductible because the tax law specifically prohibits
a deduction for them. See .
Taxes and fees that are generally not deductible include the following items.
Employment taxes. This includes social security, Medicare, and railroad retirement taxes withheld from your pay. However, one-half of self-employment
tax you pay is deductible. In addition, the social security and other employment taxes you pay on the wages of a household
worker may be included in medical expenses that you can deduct or child care expenses that allow you to claim the child and
dependent care credit. For more information, see
Estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes. However, you can deduct the estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent if you, as a beneficiary, must include
that income in your gross income. In that case, deduct the estate tax as a miscellaneous deduction that is not subject to
the 2%-of-adjusted-gross-income limit. For more information, see Publication 559, Survivors, Executors, and Administrators.
Federal income taxes. This includes income taxes withheld from your pay.
Fines and penalties. You cannot deduct fines and penalties paid to a government for violation of any law, including related amounts forfeited as
collateral deposits.
Gift taxes.
License fees. You cannot deduct license fees for personal purposes (such as marriage, driver's, and dog license fees).
Per capita taxes. You cannot deduct state or local per capita taxes.
Many taxes and fees other than those listed above are also nondeductible, unless they are ordinary and necessary expenses
of a business or income producing activity. For other nondeductible items, see , earlier.
Where To Deduct
You deduct taxes on the following schedules.
State and local income taxes.
These taxes are deducted on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5, even if your only source of income is from business, rents, or
royalties. Check box a on line 5.
General sales taxes.
&&Sales taxes are deducted on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5. You must check box b on line 5. If you elect to deduct sales taxes, you cannot deduct state and local income taxes on Schedule A (Form 1040),
line 5, box a.
Foreign income taxes.
&&Generally, income taxes you pay to a foreign country or U.S. possession can be claimed as an itemized deduction on
Schedule A (Form 1040), line 8, or as a credit against your U.S. income tax on Form 1040, line 47. To claim the credit, you
may have to complete and attach Form 1116. For more information, see , the Form 1040 instructions, or Publication 514.
Real estate taxes and personal property taxes.
Real estate and personal property taxes are deducted on Schedule A (Form 1040), lines 6 and 7, respectively, unless they are
paid on property used in your business, in which case they are deducted on Schedule C, Schedule C-EZ, or Schedule F (Form
1040). Taxes on property that produces rent or royalty income are deducted on Schedule E (Form 1040).
Self-employment tax.
Deduct one-half of your self-employment tax on Form 1040, line 27.
Other taxes.
All other deductible taxes are deducted on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 8.}