七年级下册语法期下册重点语法

外研版|七年级下册重点短语、句型、语法全汇总!(下)
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新目标英语七年级下册各单元复习资料(重点词组、句型、语法要点)
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新目标英语七年级下册各单元复习资料(重点词组、句型、语法要点)
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七下Units1-2复习要点重点句型:1.Where is your pen-pal from?&& He’s from Australia.2.Where does she live?&&& She lives in Sydney.3.What language does she speak?&&& She speaks English.4.Is there a bank near here?&Yes, thre is. It’s on the Center Street.5.Where’s the supermarket?&& It’s next to the library.6.Is there a pay phone in the neighborhood?&Yes, it’s on Bridge Street on the right.语法:一般现在时1.一般现在时用法&(1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频率的时间状语连用。比如: always, often, usually, every day / week / month / year, sometimes, on Sunday等&I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.&(2)表示现在的状态。&& I am a student.&(3)表示主语所具备的性格和能力。I like red.& I can spenk English.(4)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.&&&&&&&&&&&& Shanghai lies in the east of China.&(5) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 ★注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。 例:Columbus proved that the earth is round..哥伦布证实地球是圆的. 2.一般现在时谓语动词的构成主要有两种情况: (1)be动词作谓语:句子的谓语动词只有be(am,is或are): &a.肯定句中,只出现be, 如:I am a student.我是一名学生。 &b.否定句中,要在be后面加not,如:She isn't a teacher.&c.一般疑问句,要将be放在句子开头(注意首字母大写,句尾用问号),答语用Yes,主语+be.或No,主语+be+not.如: && ―Are you ready?―你准备好了吗? && ―Yes,I am. (―No,I'm not.) (2)实义动词作谓语:句中的谓语动词为实义动词(也叫行为动词)&a.肯定句中,只出现实义动词,如:I get up at 6:00 in the morning.★注意:如果主语是单数的第三人称,谓语动词必须用单数第三人称形式(简称:单三式, 动词变单三式的规则如下附录))&b.否定句中,要在实义动词前面加do / does+not+行为动词原形,(doesn't,仅对主语是第三人称单数)& 如:I don't like vegetables.我不喜欢蔬菜。&&& My father doesn’t like Beijing Opera. 我父亲不喜欢京剧。& &c.一般疑问句,要在句子开头加助动词Do/Does,句尾用问号,简略答语用Yes,主语+do / does.或No,主语+do / does+not.如:―Do you like oranges? &&&&&& ―Yes,I do. (―No,I don't.) ★附录:实义动词作谓语时,如果主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词单三式的变化规则如下:& 1.一般情况加s,例如:looks, listens, visits&& & 2. 以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词,加-es,例如:teaches, washes, guesses, goes, does&& & 3. 辅音字母+y结尾,变y为i再加-es,例如:carry-carries&& (特殊:have 的单三式为has)&
Unit 3―4重点句型:Let’s see the lions.&& Why do you like pandas? Why does he like koalas?&& Because they’re very cute.What do you do?&&& I’m a reporter.What does he do?&&& He is a student.What do you want to be?&& What does he want to be?& He wants to be a bank clerk.短语:kind of, be from, play with, be quiet, during the day,& at night,eat leaves, in the day 知识清单:清单一:形容词和副词的比较等级及用法一.形容词和副词比较等级的构成1.规则变化
单音节及部分双音节词[来源:Z|]&&&&& 情 况&&&&& 构成方法&&&&&&& 例& 词&& 一般情况&& 加er/est&tall-taller-tallest&& 以e结尾的词& 加r/st&nice-nicer-nicest&以辅音字母+y结尾的词&变为i,再加er/est&heavy-heavier-heaviest&以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节&先双写词尾字母,再加er/est&big-bigger-biggest多音节词及部分双音节词&在词前加more/most&beautiful--more beautiful--most beautiful不规则变化如下: good/well-better-best& ill/bad/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-most& little-less-leastold-older-oldest/elder-eldest& far-farther-farthest/further-furthest一.形容词、副词等级的基本用法1.表示二者在性质和程度上相同时,用“as+原级+as”意思是“和……一样”。& This story is interesting as that one.2.表示二者在性质和程度上不同时,用“not as / so+原级+as”意思是“和……不一样”。He is not /as tall as his elder brother. (他没有他哥哥高。)3.表示A比B更…,用“than” I am older than he/him.我比他大。比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little, far, any, …来修饰Traveling by train is much(的多)cheaper and far(远远的)more enjoyable than a rushed trip by air.坐火车旅行比坐飞机旅行有趣多了。She is even(更加)more beautiful than before.
她比以前更加漂亮了。4.三者或三者以上的人或事物进行比较,一般使用最高级,形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the,副词级前可加也可不加the,之后一般要接表示范围的in/of短语。An elephant is th e heaviest animal in the zoo.Tom is the tallest of all. 汤姆是所有人中最高的。He ran fastest of all. 他是所有人中跑的最快的。of“在……之中”表示属性(同类人或物)。in“在……范围之中”,与表示范围或场所的名词连用。最高级前的修饰语也可以是first, second, third……The Changjiang river is the longest river in China.5..“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越…”的意思,若形容词或副词是多音节词,应用“more and more+原级”,此结构后不接than引导的从句。如:When spring comes,it get warmer and warmer。春天来临时,天气变的越来越暖和。Our school is becoming more and more beautiful.我们的学校正变得越来越漂亮。6.the+比较级,the+比较级& 译为“越……,就越……”The busier she is, the happier she feels. 越忙她感觉就越幸福。The more you read, the more you’ll learn. 你读的越多,了解就越多。The more quickly you get ready, the sooner we’ll be able to leave.你越快能准备好,我们就越能早点走。7.表示倍数…times+形容词比较级+than…This book is twice thicker than that one. 这本书比那本书厚两倍。二.不等级与比较级的相互转换English isn’t as important as Chinese.→English is less important than Chinese. 英文没有中文重要。Lilei isn’t tall as Wei Hua.&&& 李雷没有魏华高。→Lilei is shorter than Wei Hua.&&& → Wei Hua is taller than Lilei.但是如果是单音节的形容词或副词就不能与less…than转换。清单二:使用比较级应注意的几个问题1.注意比较级中的同类比较在进行比较时,比较的对象必须是同类事物,不是同类事物不能比较。如: 误:His bike is newer than his father.正:His bike is newer than his father’s.一般来说,进行比较的事物为了避免重复,than后面的比较对象常用that或those来代替。复数名词用those代替,不可数名词或单数名词用that代替。如:In winter the weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou.冬天,北京的天气比广州的天气冷些。The pictures in the books are more beautiful than those on the wall.书上的画比墙上的画更美丽。1.注意than后面人称代词的格在比较级中,人称代词的主格和主格相比,宾格和宾格相比。(1)当句子的谓语动词是不及物动词时(或虽是及物动词但在不引起歧义的情况下),than后面的代词用主格.宾格都可以,两者的意思并无明显区别。如:He studies harder than I/me.&& 他学习比我用功。We get to school earlier than he/him every day. 我们每天到校比他早(1)当句子中的谓语动词是及物动词时,than 后面的人称代词用主格或宾格在意思上就有差别。试比较:I like you more than him.(=I like you more than I like him)你和他相比,我更喜欢你。I like you more than he.(=I like you more than he likes you)我比他更喜欢你。1.当进行比较的双方在同一范围内,注意要在than后表示对象的名词前加上other一词,将比较的一方从被比较的一方中排除出来,否则就会出现与自身相比的矛盾现象。试译:汉语比其他学科更受欢迎。误:Chinese is more popular than any subject.正:Chinese is more popular than any other subject.这种句子在形式上是比较级,但在意思上是最高级。通常同样的意思却有多种表达方式。以“他在班上学习最用功“为例,可有以下几种表达:He studies hardest in his class.He studies harder than any other student in his class.He studies harder than any of the other students in his class.He studies harder than all the other students in his class. He studies harder than any of others in his class.He studies harder than any one else in his class.He studies harder than the others in his class.He studies harder than the other students in his class.但是若比较的双方不在同一范围内,则不需要other 来排除了。如:China is larger than any country in Africa。中国比非洲任何国家都大(中国不在非洲,故any后不要other)2.not so/as…as…可与less…than或more…than…互换。如:I think math is not as/so interesting as English。= I think math is less interesting than English。=I think English is more interesting than math。我认为数学没有英语那样有趣。在使用not so/as…as…结构时,如果句子中的谓语动词是实义动词,not应与助动词do的适当形式连用,而不能直接接在谓语动词的后面.如:误:He gets up not so/as early as Jim。正:He doesn’t get up as/so early as Jim。3.much,a little, even, still等表示程度的副词可用来修饰比较级,而very, too, so, quite(表示身体健康的quiter除外)习惯上不用来修饰比较级。如:误:I think science is very more difficult than Chinese.正:I think science is much more difficult than Chinese.清单三:形容词的顺序 &当多个形容词同时修饰一个名词时,通常按这样的顺序:限定词+描绘性的形容词+大小+形状+新旧或年龄+颜色+国家或地区+材料+用途+被修饰的名词。如:A light white shelf.一个轻便的白色鞋架。A short young Japanese businessman.一个身材矮小的年轻日本人.清单四:几组副词的用法辨析1.very与much表示“很”,“非常”。very 用于写实形容词或副词的原级;much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级,修饰动词要用 much 或very much.如:It's very nice,这个非常好.She said she was much better than before 她说她比以前好多了。You did it very well.&&& 你做的很好。I like English very much.& 我非常喜欢英语。2.so与such表示“如此”,“那么”,“这么”。(1)so修饰形容词或副词,such修饰名词,但名词前可以有形容词做定语。如:I can’t be here so early.我不可能这么早来。I’ve never seen such fine drawings.我从来没有见过如此漂亮的图。(2)so修饰的形容词后如有一个单数可数名词,其结构是so+adj.+a/an+n.试比较:She is so good a girl.She is such a good girl.(3)如果可数名词复数前有many, few或不可数名词前有much,little等表示数量多少的形容词,用so而不用such。如:I’m afraid that he’ll forget it if he misses so many lessons.我恐怕如果他耽误这么多的课程他会忘掉的。Miss Zhao got so little money a month.赵老师每个月只领这么少的钱。3.too,also与either表示“也(不)”。too 和 also用于肯定句中,too常用于口语中,置于句末;also常用于书面语中,置于be动词之后,行为动词之前;either用于否定句中。如:I’m fine, too.我也好。We also have eleven players in a team.我们每个队也有11个队员。中国的熟食也很流行。We don’t like the same colours,either.我们也不喜欢同一颜色。4.ago与before,表示“在••••••以前”。ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”,before指在过去或将来的某时刻“以前”或泛指“以前”。如:―When did you have a meeting ?你们什么时候开的会?―Three day ago.三周前。Mr.Smith said that John had told him all about his past three weeks before.史密斯先生说,约翰三周前就把他的过去全部告诉了他。I have never lost a book before. 我以前从没有丢过书。5.sometime,sometimes,some times 和 some time。sometime表示将来或过去的“某个时候”;sometimes指“有时候” ;some times表示“倍数、次数”。如:New students will come to our school sometime next week. 新同学将于下周到校。It took me some time to finish reading the book.我花了一些时间读完这本书。Sometimes,I know what she’s thinking& 有时候我知道她在想什么事。Our school is some times larger than theirs. 我们学校比他们学校大几倍。6.Already,yet与still表示“已经”等。alreaday 表示某事已经发生,still 表示谋事仍在进行,主要用于肯定句,yet用于疑问句表示“已经”,用于否定句表示“还没有”、“尚未”等。 如:I’ve already finished it. 我已经完成了这项工作。I have sung already. 我已经唱过了。They were still neck and neck. 他们仍齐头并进,不分上下。Have you found your ruler yet?你已经找到尺子了吗?He hasn’t& finished his work yet.他还没有完成工作。Already 有时用于疑问句,表示出乎意料,惊讶等。如:Have you finished already?&
Units 5-6重点词组1. wait for 等候,等待&&&& 2. talk to sb. 与某人谈话3. talk about 谈论&&&&&&&& 4. take photos& 拍照5. have a good time& 玩得开心, 过得快乐6. look at 看,朝…..看&&&&& 7. look for 寻找, 寻求8. in order to& 为了&&&&&&& 9. be/come from& 来自于重点句型1. What are you doing?&& I’m watching.2. What’s he doing?&&& He’s reading.3. When do you want to go?&&& Let’s go at six o’clock.4. How’s the weather in Shanghai.? /&What’s the weather like in Shanghai?&It’s cloudy/windy/raining/sunny/snowing.5. How’s it going?&& Great/Not bad/Terrible/Pretty good.现在进行时一、现在进行时的用法1.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作,常与now(现在), right now(现在), at the moment(现在)等时间状语连用。& We are listening to our teacher now.2.表示现阶段(说话前后一段时间内)一直在进行的活动, 常与at present(目前), these days(这些天)等时间状语连用。& He is thinking about this problem these days.3. 表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。&(1)移动的终止性动词用于进行时,表示即将要发生。此类动词主要有come,go,run,leave,start,begin,arrive,return等。& When are you returning home?你什么时候回家?& (2)一些持续性动词用于进行时,表将来,表示说话者对对方将要做的事情的一种关心。& How long are you staying in Toronto?你将在多伦多呆多长时间?二、现在进行时的构成及形式肯定句: 主语 + be +现在分词 +…否定句: 主语+be + not+现在分词+…一般疑问句: be +主语+现在分词+…?一般疑问句的回答: Yes, 主语+be的相应形式&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& No, 主语+am not/ isn’t/ aren’t.特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词(作主语)+be +现在分词+…?&&&&&&&&&&& 特殊疑问词+be+主语+现在分词+…?I am playing football now.&& I am not playing football now.-Are you playing football now?&& Yes, I am./ No, I’m not.What are you doing now?动词现在分词的构成:(1)&一般在动词的词尾加-ing。& 如:pour→ pouring(2)&以不发音e结尾的去掉e,再加-ing。& 如:write→ writing(3)&以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,先双写最后一个辅音字母,再加-ing。& 如:begin→ beginning:注意:lie→ lying&&&& die→ dying&&& tie→ tying&&&&& prefer→ preferring三、一般现在时和现在进行时的区别:1.一般现在时表示目前经常发生,习惯性的动作,表示客观事实,表示主语目前的特征,姿势和能力等;而现在进行时则表示说话时正在进行的动作或现阶段正在进行的动作。2.一般现在时表示“存在状况”时,常可采用表示状态的动词,如:be,keep,remain,stay,exist,have等,而这些动词一般很少用于现在进行时。This rule remains to be discussed. 这条规定仍需讨论。She has a strong accent of an American. 她带有浓重的美国口音。3.以here,there等开头的句子,说明正在发生的动作,谓语动词不用进行时,而用一般现在时。Look out!There comes a fierce dog. 小心,来了条凶狗。Listen!There goes the first bell.& 听,预备铃响了。4.表示动作意义的动词,必须是习惯性的,经常性的动作或是一般性的行为才能使用一般现在时,而这种动词在现在进行时中则往往表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。Light travels much faster than sound. 光比声音传播得快多了。I sometimes work until dawn. 我有时工作到黎明。5.有些词(如taste,smell,sound,look等)在一般现在时中是连系动词,而在现在进行时中则为行为动词。I’m looking at the picture by Picasso. It looks really nice.我正在看毕加索的画,它看起来太棒了。The police dog is smelling the trace of the thief. 警犬正在嗅小偷的踪迹。6.在时间,条件状语从句中,将来的动作须用一般现在时来表示。If you fail again, I suggest you not lose heart.如果你再次失败,我劝你不要灰心。&Units7-8 重点句型1.What does he/she look like?&&& He /she is medium build,and he/she has short straight hair.2.What do you/they look like?&& I’m /They’re …3.What would you like?&&&&& I’d like some noodles.4. What kind of noodles would you like?&&& I’d like beef noodles,please.5. What size bowl of noodles would he like?& He’d like a small/medium/large bowl of noodles.第一册下短语总汇1.&be from/come from&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 来自于2.&live in&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 住在…&&&&&& 3.&in China&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在中国4.&in English&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 用英语 5.&in November&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在十一月6.&a little&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 一点儿7.&go to the movies&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 去看电影8.&write to sb&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 给某人写信9.&on weekends&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在周末10.tell sb about sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 告诉某人某事11.post office&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 邮局12.pay phone&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 投币式公用电话13.between…and…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在…和…之间14.in front of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在…前面15.in the neighborhood&&&&&&&&&&&& 在附近16.go straight&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 直走17.on the right/left&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在右侧/左侧18.turn left/right&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 向左转/右转19.take a walk&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 散步20.at the beginning of&&&&&&&&&&&& 在…的开端21.have fun&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 玩得开心22.take a taxi&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 乘出租车23.go down&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 顺着…走24.have a good trip&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 旅途愉快25.kind of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 有几分26.want to do sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 想要做某事27.play with…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 与…一起玩28.be quiet&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 安静29.during/in the day&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在白天30.at night&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在夜晚31.get up&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 起床32.every day&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 每天33.look at&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 看着…34.shop assistant&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 店员35.bank clerk&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 银行职员36.TV station&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 电视台37.work with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 和…一起工作38.talk to sb&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 和某人交谈39.give sb sth/give sth to sb&&&&& 给某人某物40.police station&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 警察局41.school play&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 校园剧42.go out&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 出去43.ask sb sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 问某人某事44.get sth from sb&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 从某人处得到某物45.do homework&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 做家庭作业46.watch TV&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 看电视47.eat/have dinner&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 吃晚饭48.talk on the phone&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 打电话49.TV show&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 电视节目50.wait for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 等待51.talk about&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 谈论52.play basketball&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 打篮球53.at school&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 在学校54.read books&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 看书55.not bad&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 不错56.take photos&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 拍照57.look cool&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 看上去很酷58.have a good time&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 玩得开心59.thank sb for doing sth&&&&&&&&& 感谢某人做了某事60.play computer games&&&&&&&&&&&& 打电脑游戏61.pretty good&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 好极了62.play beach volleyball&&&&&&&&&& 打沙滩排球63.look for&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 寻找64.lie on the beach&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 躺在沙滩上65.short/long hair&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 短/长发66.curly/straight hair&&&&&&&&&&&& 卷/直发67.medium build/height&&&&&&&&&&&& 中等身材/个子68.look like&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 看起来像69.the captain of…&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& …的队长/首领70.a little bit&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 一点儿;少许71.love to do sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 喜欢做某事72.tell jokes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 讲笑话73.stop doing sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 停止做某事74.like doing sth&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 喜欢做某事75.pop singer&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 流行歌手76.play chess&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 下棋77.would like&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 想要78.green tea&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 绿茶79.countable noun&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 可数名词80.uncountable noun&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 不可数名词81.phone number&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 电话号码82.as well as&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 也83.ice cream&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 冰淇淋84.orange juice&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 桔汁85.what size&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 什么型号/尺寸86.what kind of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 什么种类87.have a party&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 举行晚会88.play the guitar&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 弹吉他89.stay at home&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 呆在家里90.play tennis&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 打网球91.play soccer&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 踢足球92.do some reading&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 阅读93.clean one’s room&&&&&&&&&&&&& 打扫房间94.go for a walk&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 去散步95.middle school&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 中学96.go shopping&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 去购物97.talk show&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& (电视,广播的)访谈节目98.go to the beach&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 去海滩99.practice English&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 练习英语100.study for the test&&&&&&&&&&& 准备测试101.go on vacation&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 去度假102.the Great Wall&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 万里长城103.have fun doing sth&&&&&&&&&&& 很开心地做某事104.summer camp&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 夏令营105.the Palace Museum&&&&&&&&&&&& 故宫106.Tian’an Men Square&&&&&&&&&& 天安门广场107.how/what about…?&&&&&&&&&&&& …怎么样?108.key ring&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 钥匙链109.think of&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 想到;认为110.soap opera&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 肥皂剧111.sports show&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 体育节目112.in fact&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 事实上113.situation comedy&&&&&&&&&&&&& 情景喜剧114.game show&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 游戏节目115.enjoy doing&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 喜欢做…116.agree with&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 同意117.too many rules&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 太多规则118.be late for class&&&&&&&&&&&& 上课迟到119.after school&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 放学后120.dinning hall&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 餐厅121.have to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 不得不122.sports shoes&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 运动鞋123.the Children’s Palace&&&&&&& 少年宫124.be in bed&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 睡觉&
Units 9-10重点句型:What did you do last weekend?On Saturday morning I cleaned my room. On Saturday evening I went to the movies.How was your weekend?& It was great.Where did you go last weekend?& We went New York City.Did your go to Central Park?& Yes, I did.How was the weather?& It was humid.一般过去时的用法:1.过去某个特定时间发生,并且一下子就完成了的动作(即:非持续性动作),也可以表示过去习惯性的动作。一般过去时不强调动作对现在的影响,只说明过去。 &I had a word with Julia this morning. 今天早晨,我跟朱丽亚说了几句话。 &He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,烟抽得可凶了。&& 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用,过去时间状语如:yesterday, two days ago…(两天前)the other day(前几天),last week / year, in 1993, just now(刚才)、in the old days(过去的日子里) at that time, once, during the war, before, a few days ago, when引导的时间状语从句等。 句子中谓语动词是用一般过去时还是用现在完成时,取决于动作是否对现在有影响。如果句中带有确定的时间,只能用一般过去时,不用现在完成时。Have you had your lunch? 你吃过午饭了吗?(意思是说你现在不饿吗?) Yes, I have. 是的,我已经吃过了。(意思是说已经吃饱了,不想再吃了。) When did you have it?& 你是什么时候吃的?(关心的是吃的动作发生在何时。) I had it about ten minutes ago.& 我是大约十分钟以前吃的。 2.一般过去时谓语动词的构成:(1)be(was, were)作谓语. 否定句是在was/were后面加not,was not(wasn't) / were not (weren't)。一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首,首字母要大写。肯定句:& She was at home yesterday.否定句: She wasn’t at home yesterday.一般疑问句: Was she at home yesterday?(2)实义动词的过去式作谓语(不区分人称和数)①肯定式:主语+动词过去式+其它。如:They had a good time yesterday.②否定式:主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如:They didn't watch TV last night.③一般疑问句:Did+主语+动词原形+其它?肯定回答:Yes,主语+did. 否定回答:No,主语+didn't. 如:Did they watch TV last night ?& Yes, they did.& / No, they didn’t.④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它?如:What time did you finish your homework?3. 动词一般过去式的构成a.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为"直"、"去"、"双"、"改"四字诀。①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如:wanted,played。②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ed。如:hoped,lived。③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如:stopped。④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i,再加-ed。如:studied,worried。b.不规则动词变化,要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式,主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was,其他人称用were。注意:1.在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。2.表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,常与always,never等连用。& Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她现在是否常带着伞。)& 比较: Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.彼得太太老是带着伞。&&& (说明这是她的习惯,表明她现在仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)& I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。(不涉及到现在,不说明现在是否喝酒)&3.如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用used to do&& He used to drink.& 他过去喝酒。(意味着他现在不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)&& I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去在早晨散步(意味着现在不在早晨散步了)&4.有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!& I didn''t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指But now I know you are& here.)& I thought you were ill.& 我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是现在我知道你没病)辨别正误:Li Ming studied English this morning. (把此句变为一般疑问句)1.Did Li Ming studied English this morning?(×,动词应该用原形)2. Does Li ming study English this morning?(×,时态应该用原句子的时态)3.Was Li Ming studied English this morning?(×,应该用实义动词,而不是be动词)4.Did Li Ming study Enghish this morning? (√) &七下Units11―12重点句型:1 What do you think of game& shows ?I& can’t stand them /I don’t mind them /I don’t like& them/I love them2 What does he/she think of sitcomsc? He/She doesn’t like it .3 sports show /talk show /soap opera/game show/a thirteeen-year-old boy/welcome to /enjoy doing sth/think of 4 Don’t arrive late for class.& Don’ eat in the classroom& Don’t run in the hallways& Don’t& listen to music in the classrooms ot the hallways. Don’t fight.Don’t watch TV after school & Don’t go out on school night. Do your homework after school. Practice your guiter every day.& help my mom make dinner5 Can we wear hats in school?Ywe& can /No,we can’t & Do you have to wear a uniform at schooll?Yes,we do /No,we don’t
重点语法:& 祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。祈使句的主语一般为第二人称,但往往省去不用。同学们在学习祈使句时应注意以下几点:   一、祈使句谓语用何动词形式    英语祈使句的谓语总是用动词原形。如:   Be quiet! 别说话!   Come earlier next time. 下次早点来。   Have a good time. 愿你玩得痛快。   Go and tell her. 去告诉她吧 。   注:有时为了加强语气,可在动词前加 do。如:   Do be careful. 务请小心。 Do come on time. 务必请准时来。三、表现形式 ●肯定结构: 1. Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let型(即:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 ●否定结构: 1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 二、肯定祈使句如何变成否定祈使句    祈使句否定式的构成方法是在动词原形前加 don’t。如:   Don’t be late. 不要迟到。   Don’t speak so loud. 别这么大声说话。   Don’t walk on the grass. 不要在草坪上走。   Don’t lose the key. 别把钥匙丢了。   Don’t come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话,否则你别来。   三、与 please 连用以使语气委婉    为使语气委婉,通常将祈使句与 please 连用。please 可用于祈使句的句首(其后通常不用逗号)或句末(其前通常用逗号)。如:   Please don’t get angry. 请不要生气。   Drive more slowly,please. 请开得慢一点。   Please cut me a piece of cake. 请给我切一块蛋糕。   Please try to be quiet. 请设法保持安静。   Please repeat what you’ve just said. 请把你刚才说的话重复一遍。   四、关于以 let 开头的祈使句    Let’s eat out tonight. 我们今晚出去吃饭吧。   Let me have a try. 我来试一试。   Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。   Let every man do his best. 让每个人都人尽其才。   Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。   注:1. 这类祈使句的否定式有两种形式。如:   Let’s& not& hurry. / Don’t& let’s& hurry. 我们不要太急。 2. let 后用作宾语补足语的动词要用原形,不能用带 to 的不定式。用"let"的祈使句时,必须注意下列几点: 一、"let" 的否定句有二。如果宾语是第三人称用"Don't let....."(见例(9));如果宾语是第一人称,则用"Let......not" (见例(10)): (9) Don't let this type of things happen again. (10) It's raining now. Let's not go out until after the rain. 二、"Let"只适用于现在时态,可以有被动语态 (the passive voice),如: (11) Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. (12) Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 三、"Let"后头除了是不带"to"的不定式动词 (The infinitive without"to")之外,还可以是某些适当的副词,如out, in, down, alone等: (13) Let the puppy out. (14) Open the windows and let the fresh air in. (15) The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. (16) Let me alone, please. 四、用"Let's"时,把谈话者的对象包括在内;用"Let us"时,并不包括对方,如: (17) Let's try it, shall we? (18) Let us do it by ourselves, will you? 从(17)里的"shall we"和(18)里的"will you",不难知道前者包括听话人,后者并没有。  五、祈使句的反意疑问句形式   1.在通常情况下,若陈述部分为祈使句,反意疑问句通常用 will you, won’t you, would you 等。如:   Turn on the TV, will you?把电视打开,好吗?   Tell me the truth, won’t you?告诉我实话,好吗?   If you want help, let me know, would you?如果你需要帮助,告诉我,好吗?   注:若陈述部分为否定式,则反意疑问句部分只用 will you。如:   Don’t forget to post the letter, will you?请别忘了寄信。   2. 若陈述部分为以 let 开头的祈使句,则要分两种情况:   注意 回答Let''s~的反意疑问句句型时,肯定时用Yes,let''s.否定时用NO,let''s not. 祈使句变反意疑问句的方法: 祈使句后的反意疑问句形式 a,Let's表示说话人向对方提出建议,简短问句的主语用 we表示,问句用 shall we或 shan't we 如: Let's have a cup of tea ,shall we (shan't we) b,Let me或 Let us表示听话人提出请求,问句用 will you或 won't you . Let me have a rest , will you (won't you ) c,其它的祈使句后可以加一个简短问句,使语气变得客气一些. 如:Have a rest , will you Stand up , will (won't) you
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