How to rebuild a Li-Ion battery pack
How to rebuild a Li-Ion battery pack - page 1/4
How to rebuild a Li-Ion
battery pack
Implemented for Fujitsu - Siemens Lifebook
S-Series FPCBP25
battery pack
If you are not completely sure
what you are doing, don't apply what is
described below. In any case
does not have
any responsibility in any way to the
consequences that this guide may have. Read
it at your own risk. Please don't continue
reading if you don't agree with the above.
Did you recently notice poor performance of your
notebook Li-Ion battery?. Don't be taken aback,
this is happening even to the best battery! Now days
Li-Ion batteries are widely used in portable devices
due to there excellent energy to weight ratio and
for the reason they are not suffering from &memory
effect&. && These two reasons make them the best choice on portable devices,
but not suffering from &memory effect& doesn't mean
it will last for ever! Chemical conversions inside
the battery make it to produce electric energy but
these chemical reactions aim to attenuate as time
and charge cycles pass over.
the battery life drops significantly it's time to
search for a replacement, but you will recently find
out that most of notebook batteries cost almost 1/3
to 1/2 the price of the
laptop at the time you will
need to replace the battery. So if you want to keep
your laptop but don't want to spend much
money for battery replacement it's time to think
about rebuild it your own, replacing each individual
cell inside the pack.
But before step on this you must
consider many parameters messing around Li-Ion
batteries, about the way they are charged and the way
you must handle them.
Special precautions must be taken to
avoid Li-Ion battery fire up or
explosion that can cause serious
injuries. This is because Lithium
when comes in contact with water or air's moisture
burns violently. Never try to
extinguish such a fire with water!
but only with suitable
extinguisher.
& In this article we will
discuss how to handle Li-Ion batteries to avoid any
malfunction, the precautions you must take, the way
Li-Ion batteries are charged, the protection
circuits used and finally you can find a
step by step guide on how to reconstruct a Fujitsu -
Siemens Lifebook S-Series
battery pack.
This guide can also be read as a tutorial on how to
rebuild other kind of Li-Ion battery packs, except
the one we will use here.
recommended to read the following details in
order to understand how a Li-Ion battery
must be handled to avoid any injury, before
proceed to the reconstruction of the pack.
Li-Ion (and Li-Po) batteries
are leading edge battery technology and consists ideal
selection in use on portable computers and cellular phones
due to their high energy density and high voltage.
Laptop computers were some of the first products to
take advantage of the technology, quickly jumping on board shortly
after seeing the benefits to Li-Ion's long lasting battery life.
A typical Li-Ion cell is rated at 3,6V and this is three times more
than the typical NiCd or NiMH cell voltage (1,2V).
Li-Ion cell has a tree layer
structure. A positive electrode plate (made with
Lithium Cobalt oxide - cathode), a negative electrode plate
(made with specialty carbon - anode) and a separator layer.
Inside the battery also exists a
electrolyte which is a lithium salt in an
organic solvent.
&Li-Ion is also equipped with a variety of safety measures
and protective electronics and/or fuses to
prevent reverse polarity, over voltage and
over heating and also have a pressure release valve and a safety vent to
prevent battery from burst.
Never short circuit,
reverse polarity, disassemble,
damage or heat over 100 degrees
Celsius a Li-Ion cell. That can be
really dangerous.
Working Principle
Lithium battery uses lithium cobalt
oxide as positive electrode - cathode - and a high crystallized
special carbon as negative electrode - anode.
organic solvent specialized to be used with the
specific carbon works like electrolytic fluid.
The chemical
reaction that takes place inside the battery is as
follows, during charge and discharge operation:
The main principle
behind the chemical reaction is one where lithium in
positive electrode material is ionized during charge
and moves from layer to layer in the negative
electrode (as illustrated to the left image).
discharge Li ions move to the positive electrode
where embodies the original compound.
Features of lithium Ion batteries
High energy density that
reaches 400 Wh/L (volumetric energy density) or
160Wh/Kg (mass energy density).
High voltage. Nominal voltage of 3,6V
or even 3,7V on newer Li-Ion batteries.
No memory effect. Can be charged any
time, but they are not as durable as NiMH and NiCd
batteries.
High charge currents (0,5-1A) that
lead to small charging times (around 2-4 hours).
Flat discharge voltage allowing the
device to stable power throughout the discharge
Typical charging Voltage 4,2
Charging method: constant current -
constant voltage (CV-CC).
Typical operation voltage 2,8V to
Recommended temperature range 0-40
Charging Characteristics
Charging method is
constant current - constant voltage (CV-CC). This
means charging with constant current until the 4.2V
are reached by the cell (or 4,2V x the number of
cells connected in series) and continuing with constant
voltage until the current drops to zero. The charge
time depends on the charge level of the battery and
varies from 2-4 hours for full charge. Also Li-Ion
cannot fast charge as this will increase their
temperature above limits. Charging time increases at
lower temperatures.
Typical charging characteristic
Charge current is recommended to be
set at 0,7CmA (where C is battery capacity). If
voltage is below 2,9V per cell it's recommended to
charge at 0,1CmA. Charging environment must have a
temperature between 0-40.
Maximum discharge current must not exceeds 1.0CmA
and discharge voltage must not go below 3,0V
At a typical 100%
charge level at 25,
Li-ion batteries irreversibly lose approximately 20%
capacity per year from the time they are
manufactured, even when unused. (6% at 0,
20% at 25,
35% at 40).
When stored at 40% charge level, these figures are
reduced to 2%, 4%, 15% at 0,
respectively. Every deep discharge cycle decreases
their capacity also.
Typical capacity characteristic over charge cycles
100 cycles leave
the battery with about 75% to 85% of the original
capacity. When used in notebook computers or
cellular phones, this rate of deterioration means
that after three to five years the battery will have
capacities too low to be still usable.
Tip: To increase battery life
store it at 40% level at low temperatures (even to
the refrigerator but not below 0 degrees Celsius)
and never discharge it full. Charge it early and
often. Excess heat can damage the battery. Also
charge once a year to prevent overdischarge.
Self discharge
advantage of Li-Ion batteries is their low
self-discharge rate of only approximately 5% per
month, compared with over 30% per month and 20% per
month in nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel
cadmium batteries respectively.
&Chemistry Type
Li-ion Cylindrical
Li-ion Prismatic
Voltage (V)
&Specific Energy (Wh/Kg)
&Specific Energy (Wh/L)
&Cycle Life
&Environmental hazard
&Self-Discharge
Rate (%/month)
Comparison table of the most common
batteries types
Precautions
Be sure to
follow the safety rules listed below (PANASONIC
recommendations):
? Do not place the battery in fire or heat the
? Do not install the battery backwards so that the
polarity is reversed.
? Do not connect the positive terminal and the
negative terminal of the battery to each other with
any metal object.
? Do not carry or store the batteries together with
necklaces, hairpins, or other metal objects.
? Do not pierce the battery with nails, strike the
battery with a hammer, step on the battery, or
subject it to strong impacts or shocks.
? Do not solder directly onto the battery.
? Do not expose the battery to water or salt water,
or allow the battery to get wet.
?& Do not disassemble or modify the battery.
The battery contains safety and protection devices
which, if damaged, may cause the battery to generate
heat, rupture or ignite.
?& Do not place the battery on or near fires,
stoves, or other high-temperature locations. Do not
place the battery in direct sunshine, or use or
store the battery inside cars in hot weather. Doing
so may cause the battery to generate heat, rupture,
or ignite. Using the battery in this manner may also
result in a loss of performance and a shortened life
expectancy
Use common sense
precautions. Do not short circuit, overcharge,
crush, mutilate, nail penetrate, incinerate, reverse
polarity, heat above 100 degrees Celsius,
solder directly on the metal can. Dispose them
following local batteries disposal rules.
Safety circuits inside a Li-Ion battery pack
Inside a Li-Ion pack
there is always a safety circuit that consists of
four main sections:
controller IC that monitors each cell (or
parallel cells) voltage and prevents the cells to
overcharge or overdischarge controlling accordingly
the cutoff switches. Also the voltage across the
switches is monitors in order to prevent& over
2. The control switches that usually
comprises FET structures that cutoff the charge or
discharge depending on the control signals of the
controller IC.
3. The temperature fuse that cutoff
the current if the control switches experience
abnormal heating. This fuse is not recoverable.
4. The thermistor (usually PTC) that
measure the battery temperature inside the pack.
It's terminals are connected to the charger so it
can sense the temperature of the pack and control
the charge current until the battery it's full
A typical structure of Li-Ion battery pack (block
packs made from Li-Ion cells always have
protective circuits and PTC elements to
monitor battery status any time. Never
remove this circuitry as this will cause
Now you have read
and understand all the above information you see
that charging a Li-Ion pack can't be done with
simple charge methods used in other type of
batteries. So never charge a Li-Ion cell if you are
not completely sure what you do.
Now it's time to continue to
the step by step guide to see how we can safely
reconstruct a Li-Ion pack.您的位置：&>&&>&&>&
7 Ways To Spend Money Wisely
kira86 于发布 l 已有人浏览
Frugal living doesn&t have to be a life devoid of fun. In fact, you might be surprised how eas
Frugal living doesn&t have to be a life devoid of fun. In fact, you might be surprised how easy it is to trim your expenses with a little patience and planning. The more you can get out of every dollar you spend, the more money you will have to save for potential emergencies, a college education for your children, vacations to exotic locations, or whatever big ticket item your heart desires. To get you started, here are 7 ways to spend money wisely.
1. Pony up for quality where it counts.
The cheapest option isn&t always the best option. What&s the point of buying a cheap pair of shoes if they&re just going to become worn out and rugged within a few months? It would be cheaper to pay $50 for an outfit that will be in good shape next year than $20 for an outfit that has to be replaced in less than 6 months.
2. Buy generic label groceries.
You would be hard-pressed to find any difference between name-brand and generic labels in the grocery store. Don&t believe me? Grab a bottle of a name-brand peanut butter and the generic grocery store variety and compare the ingredients. Repeat this exercise with things like canned vegetables, boxes of pasta, cleaning products, and medicine. When you purchase name-brands, you are not paying for the product itself, but rather the idea behind the product. In other words: name brands are more expensive because they have higher marketing budgets (not higher quality).
3. Cut down on food waste.
Answer honestly: if you had to guess, what percentage of the groceries you buy end up uneaten and tossed in the trash? According to a study by the Natural Resources Defense Center, the average American family of four throws away almost 50% of the food they purchase, resulting in an annual loss up to $2,275. To avoid grocery waste, change your thinking about shopping. Instead of making a list of items to purchase without thought process, plan ahead by writing down a weekly schedule of the specific meals you are going to cook before you go to the store. If it isn&t required in the ingredients you need, it doesn&t go in your cart. Make note of how much food gets tossed in the trash and cut the amount you purchase accordingly. If you&d like to save time and money, check out this essential resource on once a month cooking.
4. Wait for it&
Retail therapy is almost always a good idea, but smart shoppers know how to be patient. Why should you spend $100 on that gorgeous skirt now if it&s going to be marked down to make room for fall and winter clothes? Be patient and you will be rewarded with a steep price cut. Keep an eye out for the special offers that you can&t refuse.
5. Clip coupons for special occasions.
Dining out is one of my favorite date night activities, but it sure can empty a wallet fast. Restaurants are typically generous with their deals, so start clipping for serious cash savings. Wanna make coupon-clipping a fun and interesting game? Try this:
* Get an envelope and start collecting coupons
* Decide on a weekly date night
* Have a random drawing to determine where you go (it will always be a surprise!)
6. Go to the matinee.
Late night movies are so overrated. Why would you pay double the matinee ticket price just for the pleasure of combating a much larger crowd and struggling to find a seat in a packed auditorium? Go to the early show to save some dough and beat the crowd.
7. Hit up the thrift shop.
Consignment shops are full of deals on barely-used clothing that could save you tons of money on your wardrobe. If you have never considered thrift shopping because you&re afraid the quality won&t be up-to-par, give it a chance. The thrift shops in my neighborhood are quite picky about the items they accept, so I bet you just might be surprised.
Do you have any additional tips that will help people save some dough?
If you&re feeling cash-strapped, please don&t feel like you&re alone. I understand how you feel, and I&m willing to wager the overwhelming majority of people reading this share your pain. Do you have any tips that will help everybody spend money wisely? If so, please share them below because we could all benefit from your knowledge.
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四川省成都七中2013届高三上学期期中考试&英语
(经典资料尽在此
成都七中高2013级高三上期半期考试
考试时间：120分钟 试题满分：150分
本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分，共12页。
第一卷（选择题，共90分）
第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 单项填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
从A, B, C, D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. Barack Obama, ______ president of the USA, and Mitt Romney
started on Monday night to
debate on ______ foreign policy in their third and final
face-to-face argument.
A. /, the B. the, / C. /, / D. the, the
2. Make sure ______ the experiment is over, all the electric
facilities in the lab are turned off.
A. that once B. if once C. once if D. once whether
3. ---Shall we climb up the hill so as to get a good view of the
whole scenery?
---Not necessary. You just look forward ______ it.
A. to seeing B. to see C. to saw D. to seen
4. ---Would you come to my birthday party tomorrow between 7:30
and 10:30 pm?
---What a pity. My flight to the US ______ the Pacific Ocean
during that time.
A. will cross B. is crossing
C. will be crossing D. has crossed
5. A painting embroidered（绣）______hand from Chengdu, 7.5m & 3.4m
______size, is chosen to
celebrate the upcoming 18th National Congress of CPC.
A. with, of B. through, by C. by, in D. on, for
6. I ______to give a try, but for the teacher who kept insisting
on my &going for it&.
A. will not decide B. wouldn&t have decided
C. didn&t decide D. hadn&t decide
7. I ______ in New York for many years, but I have never
regretted my final decision to move back to Chengdu, my
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
8. I didn&t like attention drawn to myself, ______assigned a
seat by the teacher otherwise.
A. as B. until C. unless D. though
9. ---Hi, nice to meet you. Long time no see!
---Sorry, but I never remember having ______a man like you.
A. come across B. picked up C. got through D. involved in
10. ______ furniture you have got in your apartment! I am green
with envy.
A. How beautiful a B. What a beautiful
C. How beautiful D. What beautiful
第二节 完形填空(共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从11--30各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳答案。
Learning to Accept
I learned how to accept life as it is from my father. 11
, he did not teach me acceptance when he was strong and healthy,
but rather when he was 12 and ill.
My father was 13 a strong man who loved being active, but a
terrible illness 14 all that away. Now he can no longer walk,
and he must sit quietly in a chair all day. Even talking is
__15_ . One night, I went to visit him with my sisters. We
started 16 about life, and I told them about one of my
17 . I said that we must very often give things up 18
we grow&our youth, our beauty, our friends&but it always 19
that after we give something up, we gain something new in its
place. Then suddenly my father 20 up. He said, &But, Peter,
I gave up 21 ! What did I gain?& I thought and thought, but
I could not think of anything to say. 22 , he answered his
own question: &I 23 the love of my family.& I looked at my
sisters and saw tears in their eyes, along with hope and
thankfulness.
I was also 24 by his words. After that, when I began to
feel irritated(恼怒的) at someone, I __25 remember his words
and become 26 . If he could replace his great pain with a
feeling of love for others, then I should be 27 to give up
my small irritations. In this _28 , I learned the power of
acceptance from my father.
Sometimes I 29 what other things I could have learned
from him if I had listened more carefully when I was a boy. For
now, though, I am grateful for this one 30 .
11. A. Afterwards B. Therefore C. However D. Meanwhile
12. A. tired B. weak C. poor D. slow
13. A. already B. still C. only D. once
14. A. took B. threw C. sent D. put
15. A. impossible B. difficult C. stressful D. hopeless
16. A. worrying B. caring C. talking D. asking
17. A. decisions B. experiences C. ambitions D. beliefs
18. A. as B. since C. before D. till
19. A. suggests B. promises C. seems D. requires
20. A. spoke B. turned C. summed D. opened
21. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything
22. A. Surprisingly B. Immediately C. Naturally D. Certainly
23. A. had B. accepted C. gained D. enjoyed
24. A. touched B. astonished C. attracted D. warned
25. A. should B. could C. would D. might
26. A. quiet B. calm C. relaxed D. happy
27. A. ready B. likely C. free D. able
28. A. case B. form C. method D. way
29. A. doubt B. wonder C. know D. guess
30. A. award B. gift C. lesson D. word
第二部分： 阅读理解 （共25小题，满分50分）
第一节（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ）中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A firm handshake is the key to interview success. As any serious
job-hunter knows, it helps to dress smartly and smile at that
all-important interview. But research has showed that a firm
handshake is what really matters when it comes to impressing
potential employers.
A US research looked at 98 undergraduates taking part in
mock（模拟）interviews with businesses. As each undergraduate was
graded on their general performance, five &handshake raters（评估人）&
also marked them on their grasp, strength, duration, vigor and eye
Professor Greg Stewart, from the University of Iowa, who led the
study, said those who scored highly with the handshake raters were
also considered to be the most hirable by the interviewers.
Students with &wimpy& shakes were judged to be more timid（胆怯的）and
less impressive.
The study also found women with a firm handshake were likely to
be evaluated more favorably than their male counterparts.
Professor Stewart said: &We&ve always heard that interviewers
make up their mind about a person in the first two or three minutes
of an interview. But we found that the first impression begins with
a handshake that sets the tone for the rest of the interview. We
don&t consciously remember a person&s handshake but it is one of
the first non-verbal（非语言的）clues we get about the person&s general
personality, and that impression is what we remember.&
Women were less likely to have a highly rated handshake, partly
because traditionally they shake hands less than men. But when
women did possess a firm handshake, they were likely to be
evaluated more favorably than their male counterparts.
Body language experts warn, however, that the firmness needs to
be just right, &as an overenthusiastic &bone crusher& handshake can
indicate self-importance, a controlling personality and a lack of
reliability.
The handshake is thought to have originated in medieval Europe
as a way for kings and knights to show that they did not intend to
harm each other and possessed no hidden weapons.
31. The passage is probably intended for_______.
A. job-hunters B. an undergraduate C. employers D. handshake
32. Which of the following statements is true according to the
A. The firmer your handshake is the better impression you
B. The undergraduates without a firm handshake are less
competitive.
C. Generally speaking, women shake hands less with others.
D. The handshake dates back to medieval Europe.
33. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. The handshake determines a person&s personality.
B. A successful job interview starts with a firm handshake.
C. The first few minutes of the interview really counts.
D. Job interview success depends on a number of factors.
The house was quiet at 5 am and Tim&s mother was asleep. Only
the sound of the big freezer broke the quiet. He&d dreamt of the
cave last night. The purring（轻微颤动声）of the freezer had been the
Tim pulled on a sweater and put some apples into his schoolbag.
It was too early for breakfast. He&d eat after he&d been through
the cave, sitting on the rocks and staring at the sea.
He wished he had a proper pack. His schoolbag would have to do.
What else? Sandwiches&but his mother might wake up if he started
pulling out bread for sandwiches. She&d want to know why he had to
leave so early. He settled for some biscuits, and left a
note stuck to the table:
Gone to Michael&s. Back tonight, Tim.
The sky was high and soft and light outside, though the sun
still wasn&t up. Even the highway up the hill was quiet as he made
his way down the street. The wind from the sea was fresh and
The sand hills still breathed heat from yesterday&s sun, though
the top of the sand was cool. He ran down to the beach impatiently,
but there was no one, just dry sand dancing in the early wind and
seabirds marching up and down watching the waves.
The light changed suddenly. The first rays of sunlight stretched
(延伸) across the sea. The sun was pushing its way over the edge of
the world.
Over the first rocks, along to the point, Tim glanced back. The
beach was still empty. The sun sailed higher in the sky.
He could see the cave now, even darker in the morning light. The
sand turned silver then dark gold as the water flowed away from it.
He had to force himself to go closer. Why was it so much more
mysterious now? But it would be silly to go back now after so much
trouble. He needn&t go in all the way...
34. What did Tim do at the beginning of the story?
A. He left the house quietly. B. He had breakfast at home.
C. He left a note on the freezer. D. He put a sweater in his
schoolbag.
35. &He settled for some biscuits& means that Tim_______.
A. had to leave the biscuits on the table
B. liked biscuits better than sandwiches
C. had to take biscuits instead of sandwiches
D. could only find some biscuits in the kitchen
36. What made it possible for Tim to see the entry to the
A. The height of the first rocks. B. The ups and downs of the
C. The change in the position of the sun. D. The vast stretch of
the sunlit beach.
37. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the
A. The sea looked like a piece of gold.
B. Seabirds flew away when Tim arrived.
C. Tim was the only person on the beach.
D. The sky got dark as Tim reached the cave.
38. In the story, Tim&s mood changed from_______.
A. loneliness to craziness B. anxiousness to excitement
C. helplessness to happiness D. eagerness to nervousness
When I was a kid, I used to spend hours listening to Adam
Carolla and Dr. Drew Pinsky on their Sunday night radio show
Loveline. I listened so often that I began to use one of
their well-known phrases&&good times&&in my daily conversations.
Scientists have a name for this phenomenon: behavioral mimicry.
You&ve probably experienced this before: after spending enough
time with another person, you might start to pick up on his or her
behavior or speech habits. You might even start to develop your
friend&s habits without realizing it. There is a large body of
literature concerning this sort of phenomenon, and it regularly
happens for everything from body gesture to accents to drink
patterns（模式）. For example, one study found that young adults were
more likely to drink their drink directly after their same-sex
drinking partners, than for the two individuals to drink at their
own paces.
And the effect isn&t limited to real-life face-to-face
activities. Another study found that the same
you-drink-then-I-drink pattern held even when watching a movie! In
other words, people were more likely to take a drink of their
drinks in a theater after watching the actors on the screen enjoy a
drink. At least I don&t feel so strange anymore, having picked up
on Adam Carolla&s &good times&.
New research published today in the journal PLOS ONE
indicates that the same sort of behavioral mimicry is responsible
for social eating, at least among university-age women of normal
weight. That&s right: the young women were more likely to adjust
their eating according to the eating pace of their same-sex dining
companion.
As with most experiments, these results raise a whole new set of
questions. However, the finding that behavioral mimicry may at
least partly explain eating behavior is important, and has real
effects on health. The researchers note that &as long as people
don&t fully recognize such important influences on intake (eating),
it will be difficult to make healthy food choices and keep a
healthy diet, especially when people are exposed to the eating
behavior of others&.
39. The author takes his own example of using &good times&
to_______.
A. express his love for radio shows
B. prove the popularity of the show
C. show the influence of the hosts& words
D. introduce the topic of the passage
40. Which of the following is NOT an example of behavioral
A. A boy eats his popcorn after watching the actor eat.
B. A boy buys a Nike shirt when he finds his desk-mate has
C. A girl unconsciously sits straight just as others do.
D. A girl takes on the Yorkshire accent after a month&s
41. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _______.
A. behavioral mimicry is beneficial to our health
B. behavioral mimicry decides our eating behavior
C. people have realized the effect of behavioral mimicry on our
D. It&s impossible to keep a healthy diet without knowing
behavioral mimicry
42. What is probably the author&s purpose of writing this
A. To draw readers& attention to popular radio shows.
B. To introduce behavioral mimicry and its influence.
C. To appeal to readers not to fall into others& habits.
D. To advocate healthy food choices among readers.
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graduate education and research programme conducted by Nanyang
Technological University&s (NTU&s) NEWRI, with summer attachment at
Stanford University. It aims to cultivate（培养）engineers and
scientists to meet the increasing environmental challenges for Asia
and the wider region.
NEWRI-Nanyang Environment &
Water Research Institute
NEWRI is enabling Singapore to be a global center of
environmental science and technology in providing technological
solutions to the world. It is committed to environmental and water
technologies through its ecosystem of education, research and
developmental activities.
NEWRI is trying its best to pull together NTU&s water and
environment-related centres and institutes, gathering one another&s
strengths for the benefit of industry and society.
Master of Science Applications
● Applications open now and close on 30 May 2012 for Singapore
applicants.
● Graduates having relevant engineering or science background,
including final-year students, are invited to apply.
● Applicants are required to have a certificate of GRE.
Further information and application materials are available at
the Website:
http:// www. Cee.ntu.edu.sg/Graduate/NEMS
Highlights of Programme:
★ Students spend a full summer term at Stanford taking regular
courses and continue with the rest of their academic programme at
★ It is a 12-month full-time course in environmental science
& engineering.
★Students under NEMS will have opportunities to do research
projects under NEWRI as well as to continue for the Doctor&s
★ Graduating students receive the NTU degree and a certificate
from Stanford for their summer attachment.
Scholarship for tuition grants and living expenses at both
Stanford and NTU are available
Enquiry contact: Ms Christian Soh
Email: nems@ntu.edu.sg
Information on other graduate programmes available at:
www.ntu.edu.sg/cee/program/postgrad.asp
43. If one wants to apply for the NEMS programme, it is
essential for him to __________.
A. possess a university diploma B. make contact with Ms Soh
C. major in engineering or science D. have passed the GRE
44. Students admitted to the NEMS Programme __________.
A. are required to obtain a Doctor&s degree
B. needn&t be absent from their regular jobs
C. will first have regular courses at Stanford
D. can receive degrees of both NTU and Stanford
45. What&s the main purpose of the NEMS programme?
A. To offer scholarship for tuition grants and living
B. To strengthen the cooperation between NTU and Stanford.
C. To train experts on environmental science and
engineering.
D. To introduce Nanyang Environment & Water
Research Institute.
46. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. 30 May 2012 is the deadline for NEMS application.
B. Applicants for NEMS should have relevant work experience.
C. Singapore is the global center of environmental science and
technology.
D. Other centers and institutes for environmental and water
technologies also exist in NTU.
Being less than perfectly well-dressed in a business setting can
result in a feeling of great discomfort that may well require
treatment to eliminate (remove). And the sad truth is that
&clothing mismatches& on the job can ruin the day of the person who
is wearing the inappropriate attire(着装)&and the people with whom he
or she comes in contact.
Offices vary when it comes to dress codes. Some businesses have
very high standards for their employees and set strict guidelines
for office attire, while others maintain a more relaxed attitude.
However, it is always important to remember that no matter what
your company&s attitude is regarding what you wear, you are working
in a business environment and you should dress properly. Certain
items may be more appropriate for evening wear than for a business
meeting, just as shorts and a T-shirt are better suited for the
beach than for an office environment. Your attire should reflect
both your environment and your position. A senior vice president
has a different image to maintain than that of a secretary or sales
assistant. Like it or not, you will be judged by your personal
appearance.
This is never more apparent than on &dress-down
days&, when what you wear can say more about you than any
business suit ever could. In fact, people will pay more attention
to what you wear on dress-down days than on &business professional&
days. Thus, when dressing in &business casual& clothes, try to put
some good taste into your wardrobe choices, and recognize that the
&real& definition of business casual is to dress just one notch(等级)
down from what you would normally wear of business-professional
attire days.
Remember, there are borders between your career and our social
life. You should dress one way for play and another way when you
mean business. Always ask yourself where you are going and how
other people will be dressed when you get there. Is the final
destination the opera, the beach, or the office? Dress properly and
you will discover the truth in the principle that clothes make the
man&and the woman. Unless you are sure what to wear, it pays to
dress slightly traditionally than the situation demands.
47. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How to dress properly in a business setting.
B. The relationship between career and social life.
C. The differences between professional and casual dress.
D. Dressing codes vary in different situations.
48. Which of the following statements is true?
A. Every company has strict rules regarding office dress.
B. You can wear whatever you like if your company doesn&t have
high standards for dressing.
C. You should dress according to the business setting even when
there are no fixed rules.
D. In companies with relaxed rules on office dress, you can&t
spot a manager among others.
49. Which statement best describes &dress-down days&?
A. On dress-down days, you can wear whatever you like.
B. People&s clothes on dress-down days don&t receive much
attention.
C. We can&t judge a person&s taste by his clothes on dress-down
D. People are usually more careful about what they wear on
dress-down days.
50. Which of the following is NOT the rule offered in the
passage regarding business dress?
A. Remember to ask others for advice when you don&t know what to
B. Think about how other guests will wear if you are invited to
C. For a business meeting and a concert, you should dress
differently.
D. Dress a bit traditionally if you are not sure what to
第二节 补全对话（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
W:  Well, I&d like to think about the chair.
But it&s not exactly what I had in mind.
M:  I can assure you that you won&t find
anything more reasonable or more comfortable. 51
W:  I&m worried about the color. 52
M:  Oh, it washes very easily. A little soap
and water will remove any spots.
W:  Well &
M:  Look, a few weeks ago another customer had
his doubts when I suggested that he buy one of these chairs. But do
you think he brought it back? No way! In fact, he called me up and
ordered another one.
W:  It is comfortable.
M:  There is no doubt about it. But the
decision is up to you. 53 Of course, I can&t guarantee that
chairs will still be here.
W:  54
M:  The last one in stock. 55
成都七中高2013级高三上期半期考试
第二卷（非选择题，共60分）
第一节: 阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is
four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner.
I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job
was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy
would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the
guests& coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second
The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of
them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to
have such good kids.
Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the
younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said
she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her
I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big &to do&
over the younger one because she&s the one who seems more
easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions. But we seldom
think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little
worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was
about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for
twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom,
I said, &What are you doing, my dear?&
She turned to me with a sad expression and said, &Mommy, why
don&t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I&m
not pretty? Is that why they don&t say nice things about me as
I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her
feel better.
Now, whenever I visit a friend&s home, I make it a point to
speak to the elder child first.
56. What were Kristen and Kelly asked to do last Sunday evening?
(No more than 20 words.)
____________________________________________________________________________
57. Why did the guests praise Kelly so much rather than Kristen?
(No more than 15 words.)
____________________________________________________________________________
58. The underlined expression &make a big &to do& over& in
Paragraph 4 means ________________.
(No more than 5 words.)
59. Why did Kristen feel sad and cry? (No more than 15
____________________________________________________________________________
60. In your opinion, how should adults treat children? (No more
than 15 words.)
____________________________________________________________________________
第二节 短文改错
(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
下面短文中有10处语言错误，请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（&），并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（﹨）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
As time passing by, young students from all over the world get
together at one of the sixteen conservation camps. The aim is to
help protecting the countryside and its wildlife.
Many animals and plants are in danger of disappear forever. The
dormouse, a kind of mouse, for example, needs woodland plants for
food and trees to stay. It&s habitat is being destroyed by man and
it needs our help to survive.
Through this activity you will learn about the nature and how to
protect it. Our trained leaders will company you and tell you
everything what you need to know. Because of this, you needn&t to
have any experience, just energy and enthusiasm. You will explore
the countryside and work to ensure the survival of hundred of
animals and plants.
第三节 书面表达：（35分）
假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Tim上个月来到上海学习。今年寒假你将去上海参加全国中学生英语演讲比赛（speech
contest），你在资料搜集、语言运用等方面遇到了困难。请根据以下要点给Tim写一封电子邮件：
1．询问Tim的生活和学习情况；
2．谈谈你的困难并请Tim帮忙；
3．告诉Tim你打算赛后去看他。
注意：1．词数：120左右； 2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
__________________________________________________________________________________
成都七中高2013级高三上期半期考试
1 & 5 AABCC 6 & 10 BACAD
11 - 15 CBDAB 16 - 20 CDACA 21 - 25 DACAC 26 - 30 BDDBB
31---33 ACB 34---38 ACCCD 39&42 DBCB 43-46 DCCD 47---50 ACDA
51-55 GEBAD
阅读表达（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
56. They were asked to answer the door, take the guests& coats
upstairs and put them on the bed.
57. Because she was younger and seemed more easily hurt.
58. show much concern about
59. Because the guests praised her sister far more than her.
Or Because she had much less praise from the guests than her
Or Because she didn&t know why people didn&t like her as much as
her sister.
60. Adults should treat the younger children and the older one
短文改错 (共15分，每处1.5分)
Welcome to the International Conservation Camp
As time passing by, young students from all around the
world get together at one of the
With 或 passing 改为 passes
sixteen conservation camps. The aim is to help protecting
the countryside and its wildlife.
Many animals and plants are in danger of disappear
forever. The dormouse, a kind of
disappearing
mouse, for example, needs woodland plants for food and trees to
stay&. It&s habitat is being
destroyed by man and it needs our help to survive.
Through this activity you will learn
about the nature and how to protect it. Our trained
leaders will company you and tell you everything
what you need to know. Because of this you
accompany that或去掉what
needn&t to have any experience, just
energy and enthusiasm. You will explore the countryside
and work to ensure the survival of hundred of animals and
书面表达（满分35分）
One possible version
How time flies! It has been a month since you came to
Shanghai. How is everything going on with your life and study
In the coming winter vacation, I will go to Shanghai to
attend a national English speech contest intended for middle school
students. It will be a precious opportunity to improve my English
and make friends with students from other parts of China. But
unfortunately, collecting materials needed is really tough for me
and I also have problems in the application of the English
language. I would appreciate it if you could offer me a
I am looking forward to seeing you, so if possible, I&d like
to go to see you after the contest. Hopefully we will have an
amazing time together then! (128 words)
Yours sincerely,
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