Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it’s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into th it was my mother.I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit (学分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed. I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it. My friends didn’t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don’t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it’s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.【小题1】Most students go to the summer school in order to ______.A．find good jobs after graduationB．become top students in their classC．have a chance to make more friendsD．graduate successfully on time【小题2】What made the author go to summer school for the first time?A．What he had done .B．His mother’s wish.C．His own requirement.D．Study competition.【小题3】Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?A．It helped him get rid of bad habits.B．It helped him make new friends.C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.D．It increased his independence.【小题4】From the last paragraph we can learn that the author ______.A．does not like summer school at all even though it is usefulB．thinks summer school is unnecessary for childrenC．encourages parents to make their children attend summer schoolD．is against forcing children to attend summer school【小题5】What does the author think of summer school?A．He thinks it is awkward.B．He thinks it is significant.C．He doesn’t think it is suitable.D．He thinks nothing of it. - 跟谁学
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在线咨询下载客户端关注微信公众号&&&分类：Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it’s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into th it was my mother.I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit (学分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed. I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it. My friends didn’t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don’t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it’s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.【小题1】Most students go to the summer school in order to ______.A．find good jobs after graduationB．become top students in their classC．have a chance to make more friendsD．graduate successfully on time【小题2】What made the author go to summer school for the first time?A．What he had done .B．His mother’s wish.C．His own requirement.D．Study competition.【小题3】Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?A．It helped him get rid of bad habits.B．It helped him make new friends.C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.D．It increased his independence.【小题4】From the last paragraph we can learn that the author ______.A．does not like summer school at all even though it is usefulB．thinks summer school is unnecessary for childrenC．encourages parents to make their children attend summer schoolD．is against forcing children to attend summer school【小题5】What does the author think of summer school?A．He thinks it is awkward.B．He thinks it is significant.C．He doesn’t think it is suitable.D．He thinks nothing of it.Summer school is something a kid will never forget. For some, it’s a way to advance past their classmates. For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates. I can remember being forced into taking a summer school course. It was not the school that forced me into th it was my mother.I was a 16-year-old kid in a new school. My school did not offer summer courses so I had to take my course at an alternative school in the city. It was an experience I will never forget. I was not concerned with making friends. I was there to get credit (学分) for a course that I should have received credit for the previous semester. It was my doing that landed me in the situation and it was important that I understood this.The fees were lowest but the experience was amazing. I enjoyed. I didn’t miss the day. The course was from Monday to Friday for an entire month. I passed the course with an A. I was thrown into an awkward situation and actually enjoyed it. My friends didn’t even know I took the course. Most of them were still sleeping by the time my course ended each day.Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about. While attending college, I remembered how much I enjoyed summer school and I chose to take summer school in my first three years of college. Some kids get pushed too much but some don’t get pushed enough. I was never pushed enough.Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it’s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.【小题1】Most students go to the summer school in order to ______.A．find good jobs after graduationB．become top students in their classC．have a chance to make more friendsD．graduate successfully on time【小题2】What made the author go to summer school for the first time?A．What he had done .B．His mother’s wish.C．His own requirement.D．Study competition.【小题3】Which of the following was NOT the benefit got by the author through attending summer school?A．It helped him get rid of bad habits.B．It helped him make new friends.C．It helped him understand what sacrifice and hard work were.D．It increased his independence.【小题4】From the last paragraph we can learn that the author ______.A．does not like summer school at all even though it is usefulB．thinks summer school is unnecessary for childrenC．encourages parents to make their children attend summer schoolD．is against forcing children to attend summer school【小题5】What does the author think of summer school?A．He thinks it is awkward.B．He thinks it is significant.C．He doesn’t think it is suitable.D．He thinks nothing of it.科目:最佳答案【小题1】D【小题2】B【小题3】A【小题4】C【小题5】B解析试题分析：作者通过自己参加summer course的亲身经历告诉我们summer course的重要作用。【小题1】D 细节题。根据第一段第二句For most, summer school is a requirement in order to graduate with their classmates.可知很多学生是为了能够和同学一起毕业而参加这样的课程。故D正确。【小题2】B 细节题。根据第一段最后一句It was not the school that forced me into th it was my mother.可知我去参加summer course是我妈妈的要求和希望。故B正确。【小题3】A 细节题。根据第4段1,2行This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about可知BCD三项都是summer course的好处。A项文章没有提及。故A符合要求。【小题4】C 推理题。根据文章最后一段Enable your children to struggle for success. If your child needs summer school you explain to them why it’s important. Some parents are surprised by the situation and may want to be more involved in their children’s education. Follow through and follow up.可知作者认为父母应该鼓励孩子参加summer course。故C正确。【小题5】Ｂ推理题。根据文章倒数第二段Awkward situations are so important for personal growth. This situation made me feel more independent. I made friends. I finally understood what sacrifice and hard work were all about.可知summer course对孩子的发展有很多的好处，所以他认为是非常重要的。故B正确。考点：考查教育类短文阅读点评：作者通过自己参加summer course的亲身经历告诉我们summer course的重要作用。本文所设试题主要考察细节查找，对于文章中的细节题，要注意文本内容的理解。关键是找出原文的根据，认真核查题支和原文的异同，常犯错误有：绝对化语言，范围扩大或缩小，以偏概全，张冠李戴等。带着问题，再读全文，找出答题所需要的依据，完成阅读。知识点:&&基础试题拔高试题热门知识点最新试题
关注我们官方微信关于跟谁学服务支持帮助中心英语2.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can’t remember _______.2.Dr.Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge,I can’t remember _______.a.where b.there c.which d.that 为什么
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[i can t 2pm]用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I can't choose which pai
篇一 : 用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I can't choose which pai用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I can't choose which pair of jeans _______ (buy). They both look good on me. 2. Why do you look _______ (sleep)? 3. Everyone needs to have at least eight _______(hour) sleep a night. 4. But we do think that our son needs to be _______(real).5. My parents have always taught me the _______ (important) of working hard. 6. Children shouldn't be allowed _______ loudly in class. (shout). 7. He should stop _______ (wear) that silly sweater. 8. It's probably a good idea for parents _______ (allow) teenagers to study in groups. 9. Do you think children should _______ (allow) to play computer games.. 10. At our school, we sometimes have a special day _______ (help) others. 题型：填空题难度：中档来源：同步题1. to buy 2. sleepy 3. hours' 4. realistic 5. importance 6. to shout 7. wearing 8. to allow 9. be allowed 10. to help 考点：考点名称：不定式动词不定式：指由to加上动词原形（而且只能是动词原形）所构成的一种非限定性动词，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语。动词不定式可以作以上各种成分，但它毕竟是动词，所以有动词的属性。动词不定式及其短语还可以有自己的宾语、状语，虽然动词不定式在语法上没有表面上的直接主语，但它表达的意义是动作，这一动作一定由使动者发出。这一使动者我们称之为逻辑主语，其形式如下：时态主动形式被动形式一般式(not) to do(not)to be done完成式(not) to have done(not) to have been done进行式(not) to be doing完成进行式(not) to have been doing不定式的用法:1、不定式作主语 例如：To remember this is very important. 注意：为了避免头重脚轻，在许多情况下，通常都将作主语的不定式置于句子后部，而在句首主语位置使用形式主语it。 例如：It is very important to remember this. 2、不定式作表语例如：He seems to be ill. 注意：不定式作表语主要有三种情况，一是用于seem, appear, prove等系动词之后的不 定式（尤其是to be），二是像My job is to sweep the floor. 这样的主语与表语“等价”的情形，三是表示想法、约定、义务、命令、可能性、命运等，如：You are to come when I call. 3、不定式作宾语 例如：I can not afford to buy a car. 注意：①不定式不仅用作动词的宾语，还可用作个别介词（but, except）的宾语。 例如：I had no choice but to wait. ②当作宾语的不定式后跟有宾语补足语时，通常要用形式宾语it代替不定式，并将真正的宾语不定式置于宾语补足语之后 例如：I find it difficult to learn Japanese well. 4、不定式作宾语补足语 例如：Who taught you to drive? 5、不定式作定语 例如：I have a question to ask you. 注意：有的名词（如way, chance, right等）后用作不定式可换成of doing sth. 如：It is the best way to do (of doing) it. 但是以下名词后接不定式作定语时通常不能换成of doing sth. attempt courage decision effort fortune failure invitation wish 6、不定式作状语 例如：I went to France to learn French. 考点名称：名词所有格名词所有格：表示有生命的东西的名词及某些表示时间、距离、星球、世界、国家等无生命的东西的名词，后加’s来表示所有关系。名词所有格的构成：①一般情况（包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词）加’s例如：the child’s bag 这个孩子的书包 children’s books 儿童用书 ②带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(’)例如：girls’ school 女子学校 the smiths’ car 史密斯家的小汽车带词尾s的单数，通常仍加’s，如the boss’s new car ③带词尾s的人名，可加’s或只加省字撇(’) 例如：Dickens’ novels 狄更斯的小说 Charles’ job 查理斯的工作不带词尾s，却以[s]结尾，一律加’s,如Marx’s 马克思的著作④双重所有格：将’s与of 结合一起使用构成双重所有格。例如：a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友
a photo of mine 我的一张照片注意：①用and连接的的并列名词的所有格要分两种情况，即表示各自的所有关系时，要分别在并列名词后加’s，表示共同的所有关系时，只在最后一个名词后加’s。例：Tom’s and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克（各自）的房间。Tom and Jack’s room 汤姆和杰克（共同）的房间。②下列情况可以将 ’s 所有格中的名词省略。a名词所有格所修饰的词, 如果前面已经提到，往往可以省略，以免重复。例 This notebook is not mine, nor John’s, nor Peter’s. 这个笔记本不是我的，也不是约翰和比特的。 The dictionary isn’t mine, but Jenny’s. 这本词典不是我的，而是珍妮的。b名词所有格后面有指地点等的名词时, 有的在习惯上可以省略。例 Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons’.the doctor’s（office）医生的诊所my uncle’s（house）我叔叔的家-’s 所有格与of 所有格的用法比较:(1) of 所有格既可用于有生命的人或物，也可用于无生命的东西。of 所有格有时可以与-’s 所有格互换。如：Mr Smith’s son = the son of Mr Smith 史密斯先生的儿子Jim’s patience = the patience of Jim 吉姆的耐心 the Queen’s arrival = the arrival of the Queen 女王的到达(2) 必须用 ‘s 所有格的情形：①表类别时：men’s shoes 男鞋，children’s stories 儿童故事 ②表来源时：John’s telegram 约翰的电报 ③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时：Mary’s husband, a policeman, has just been here. 玛丽的丈夫是个警察，刚刚来过这儿。(3) 必须用of 所有格的情形：①用于无生命的事物时：the subject of the sentence 句子主语 Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'②表同位关系时：the City of Beijing 北京市③当中心词是名词化的名词时：the life of the poor 穷人的生活④当of 所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时：of Mr Smith is a foreign teacher of a university in China. 史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三者之间的细微区别：举例比较下面三句话： 1．She is Mary's brother's friend． 2．She is a friend of Mary's brother． 3．She is a friend of Mary's brother's． 1句用的是's所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，突出friend一词。 2句用的是of所有格，侧重说明她和Mary的哥哥是朋友关系，强调突出了Mary's brother。 3句用的是双重所有格，侧重说明Mary哥哥的朋友不止是一个，她只是其中的一个。"名词所有格"用法:名词在句中表示所有关系、所属关系、动作执行者及动作承受者等意义时常需用所有格形式。名词所有格也称为属格、主格，它主要包括's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种表现形式。一、's 所有格的用法 1．表示有生命的东西的名词末尾加's。例如： Jim's bed the man's wife children's toys the fox's tail 2．以-es或-s结尾的名词末尾加"'s"。例如： the students' books Teachers' Day my boss' office a girls' dormitory 3．有些表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值、自然现象、国家、城镇等无生命东西的名词，也可以加's构成所有格。例如： today's newspaper five minutes'walk a ton's weight a dollar's worth of stamps the moon's rays 4．表示两者共同拥有的人或物（共有）时，只需要后一个名词加's（或'）即可。如果表示两者各自的所属关系（各自所有），则每个名词词尾都加上's（或'）。例如： Joan and Jane's room（房间属二人共同所有） Joan's and Jane's room（指Joan和Jane各自的房间） 5．'s所有格所修饰的词的省略现象 a、表示诊所、店铺或某人的家等地点名词，其名词所有格后的被修饰语常常省略。例如： I met her at the doctor's（office）．我在诊所遇见了她。 He has gone to the tailor's（shop）．他到服装店去了。 She went to Mr．Black's（house）yesterday．她昨天到布莱克先生家去了。 b、名词所有格所修饰的词，如果前面已经提到过，往往可以省略，以免重复。例如： Whose pen is this？It's Tom's．这是谁的钢笔？是汤姆的。 The bike is not mine，but Wang Pinpin's．这辆自行车不是我的，是王品品的。 二、of 所有格的用法 of 所有格由of 加名词构成，其用法归纳如下： 1．of所有格一般用于无生命的东西的名词中。例如： a map of the world the story of a hero the windows of the room the title of the film 2．用于名词化的词。例如： the sticks of the blind 盲人的拐杖 3．修饰词较多时也可用of所有格。例如： the very long and graceful tail of the black cat 黑猫的又长又美的尾巴 4．表示有生命的东西的名词，有时也可以用of所有格。例如： the children of the family 那家的孩子们 某些of所有格和's所有格可以互换。 the son of a poor peasant＝a poor peasant's son 一个贫农的儿子 但有时含义却不相同，请比较下面的例子： an old woman's story（一个老妇人讲自己的身世） the story of an old woman（别人讲一个老妇人的身世） 三、's所有格和of所有格可以表示下面的关系： 1．所有关系 the students'reading room 学生阅览室 2．主谓关系 the arrival of the train 火车的到达 3．动宾关系 the search of knowledge 知识的探究 4．同位关系 the name of Kate 凯特这个名字 四、双重所有格及其用法 's所有格和of所有格两种所有格形式结合在一起，构成"of＋所有格"形式，即双重的所有格。它通常表示部分观念，即全体中的一部分，在意义上与"one of．．．"相似，它主要修饰of短语之前的那个名词。此外，双重所有格与指示代词连用时，常带有感情色彩，如赞赏、不满、厌恶等。它的主要形式如下： 1．名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。例如： a good friend of mine 我的一个好朋友 an interesting story of his 他的有趣的经历 2．名词＋of＋'s所有格。例如： He is a friend of my sister's．（＝one of my sister's friends）他是我姐姐的一个朋友。 Look at that long nose of Jack's．看杰克的那个长鼻子。（感情色彩） 试比较： a picture of Xiao Zhang 小张（本人）的照片 a picture of Xiao Zhang's 小张（具有的照片中）的一张照片 此外，不定冠词、数词、某些不定代词（some，any，many，no，few等）以及which等限定词，一般不与形容词性物主代词或's所有格等一起放在名词前修饰名词，而采用of所有格或双重所有格形式。例如： most of the students 学生中的大多数 three of them 他们中的三个人 I have read some books of his．我读过他的一些书。 Which book of Qiong Yao's have you read？你读过琼瑶的哪一本书？ 考点名称：名词名词:是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。名词可以独立成句。在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。名词分类:一、按意义分类1．专有名词 表示具体的人，事物，地点，团体或机构的专有名称（第一个字母要大写）。 例：China（中国）、Asia（亚洲） Beijing（北京）、the People’s Republic of China（中华人民共和国）。专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语，则必须使用定冠词the。如：the Great Wall（长城）。 姓氏名如果采用复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人（复数含义）。如：the Greens( 格林一家人）。2．普通名词 表示某些人，某类事物，某种物质或抽象概念的名称。例如：teacher 老师、tea 茶、 reform 改革。　普通名词又可进一步分为五类：①个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示单个的人和事物。（car 汽车 room 房间 fan 风扇photo 照片）②集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示一群人或一些事物的名称。( people 人们 family 家庭 army 军队 government政府 group 集团 )③复合名词：两个或两个以上名词连在一起构成的名词（boy-friend男友 passer-by过路人 brother-in-law内兄） ④物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。( fire 火 steel 钢 air 空气 water 水 milk牛奶 )⑤抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。( labour 劳动 health 健康 life 生活 friendship友情 patience耐力 )二、按是否可数分类名词又可分为可数名词（Countable Nouns）和不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）1、不可数名词是指不能以数目来计算，不可以分成个体的概念、状态、品质、感情或表示物质材料的东西；它一般没有复数形式，只有单数形式，它的前面不能用不定冠词a / an。抽象名词，物质名词和专有名词一般是不可数名词2、可数名词是指能以数目来计算，可以分成个体的人或东西；因此它有复数形式。名词易混点举例：一.有些名词既是可数名词，又是不可数名词，但意义有所不同。如：work（工作） ——a work （著作）; glass（玻璃）——a glass （玻璃杯）; aper（纸） ——a paper（报纸；文件；试卷）tea（茶） ——a tea （一种茶）（表示种类）;wood（木头） ——a wood （小树林）;room（空间） ——a room （房间）二.容易混淆的名词1.work/job①work是不可数名词,有体力或脑力劳动的意思,又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。②job作为“工作”解,其实有两层含义:一个是“干活”的“活”或“零工”;一个作为职业的“事”,是可数名词。job意思是a piece of work，指已做或要做、应做的具体的某种工作，实际含义是“职业”，而work通常指抽象意义上的工作，是不可数名词，也可指“工作场所”。如:I’m busy today, for I have a lot of work to do.2. wish / hope①wish之后可以跟含有动词不定式的复合宾语(wish sb. to do sth.),而hope不可以这样用。例如:I wish you to be happy.我希望你快乐。②hope和wish都可以跟从句。hope之后的从句的谓语动词用一般将来时或一般现在时,所表达的愿望可以实现;wish之后的从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气(以后学),表达的愿望无法实现。例如:I hope you like the flowers.我希望你喜欢这些花。I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只小鸟。(虚拟语气)③hope和wish都可以跟动词不定式(hope/wish to do sth.)。wish比较正式,口气比较强烈; 而用hope所表达的愿望容易实现。例如:I hope (wish) to go to college.我希望上大学。④wish可接双宾语表示“祝愿、祝福”等,但hope却没有这种用法。例如:I wish you success.我祝愿你成功。3.silly/stupid/foolish三个词都含有“蠢”的意思,但略有不同。stupid所表达的程度最强,指智力、理解力和学习能力差;silly指头脑简单、傻头傻脑,使人觉得可笑,带有一定的感情色彩;foolish是普通用语,尤其是在口语中广泛使用。如:He is stupid in learning math.他学数学很笨。Stop asking such silly questions.别再问这样傻的问题了。You are foolish to throw away such a good chance.你真蠢,丢掉这么好的一个机会。4.instead/instead ofinstead/instead ofinstead是副词,一般放在句首或句末。而instead of 是介词短语,表示“代替”时, 含有“对比”的意思,其后常跟名词、代词或v-ing形式。如:Jack didn’t study law. Instead, he decided to become an actor.杰克没有学法律,而是决定作一名演员。If you can’t go to the meeting, I can go instead.如果你不去开会, 我可以(代替你)去。Could I have tuna instead of ham?我能否要金枪鱼而不是火腿？Miss Wang is ill. I’ll teach you instead of her.王老师病了,我代替她给你们上课。We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.我们走着下楼梯而没有乘电梯。5.frightened/afraid/terriblefrightened/afraid/terrible①frightened是由过去分词转化的形容词,常指突如其来的震惊,可用very修饰,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语。②afraid只能做表语,多用于习惯经常地“惧怕”某事物, 泛指一种“恐惧心理”;后接名词、代词、动名词等时,用介词接动词时,用带to的不定式;接从句用连词that (可省略)。③terrible指极端的恐怖,令人痛苦或不知所措。6.learn/studylearn/study二者都作“学、学习”讲,有时可以互换。如:When did you begin to study/learn English?你是什么时候开始学习英语的?study侧重学习的过程;而learn侧重学习的结果,常译作“学到、学会”。如:He studied hard and at last learned the language.他努力学习,终于学会了这门语言。study用于较高深或周密的研究;而learn多用于初级阶段的学习或带有模仿性的操作技艺等。如:He is studying the math problem.他正在研究这个数学问题。He learns English on the radio.他通过广播学英语。The baby is learning to speak.这个婴儿正在学说话。7.there be/have/ownthere be/have/own①there be表示某处(或某时)"有"(某人或某物),表示客观存在之“有”。②have是常用词,表示所属关系,是“所有”之“有”。③own指合法地拥有某物,强调具有法律上的所有权。8.answer/replyanswer/reply这两个词都可作“回答”讲,但用法有所区别。reply为正式用语,多指经过考虑的、有针对性的、详细的回答,常用作不及物动词,和介词to连用,其宾语为名词或代词,这时可以与answer互换;answer既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,常指口头或书面的回答,是一般用语。如:The old man smiled before he replied to my question.老人在回答我的问题前笑了笑。I cannot answer you now. 我现在不能回答你。How shall I answer? 我该怎样回答?值得注意的是,answer可引申为“应答”之类的意义,这时不能用reply来代替。如:answer the door (门铃响了)去开门answer the telephone 接电话名词的语法功能：名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。1．主语：The bagis in the desk.书包在桌子里边。2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。4．宾语补足语We selected him our monitor.我们选他为我们的班长。5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents.玛丽和她的父母住在一起。6．定语：She is a Partymember. 她是一位党员。名词口诀：一、人和事物各有名，万千名目可辨清。表示名称即名词，具体抽象有不同。时间空间和地点，方向位置有专称。主宾定表都可作，名词具有多功能。二、可数名词不可分，若要分离变性质。不可数名词可分离，一分再分仍原物。英语名词特殊用法:1.family指“家庭”时，强调全体；指“家里人”时强调个体，与住房无关home指“家”，表示同一家庭共同生活的地方，具有感情色彩Kate has left home for school.可作副词也可作名词，意思是“在家”house指“住宅”、“住房”The Greens live in a big house.2.man总称“人”、“人类”，用单数people泛指“人们”，表示复数概念:People often work in the day.指“人”的个体，但只表示复数概念:There are five people in my family.前面加定冠词指“人民”，表示复数概念:Let’s work for the people.指“民族”时，有单、复数之分:The Chinese people is a hardworking people.person强调“人”的个体，有单、复数之分:There are five persons in my family.3.police总称“警察”，表示复数概念:policeman强调“警察”的个体，有单、复数之分:My father is a policeman.4.universe指“宇宙万物”，强调物质概念:When we talk about the universe，we mean the earth， the sun，the moon and many other stars.space指“太空”、“宇宙空间”，强调空间概念:Many countries have sent up the satellites into space.“空间”、“余地”、“空地”:There is no space on the bus.5.不同国家的人的单复数:名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人the Chinesea Chinesetwo Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the　Australiansan　Australiantwo　Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germans a Germantwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansa Americantwo Americans考点名称：形容词形容词：简称adj.或a，形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏与否，形容词在句中作定语，表语，宾语补足语。她是一个好学生，她学习努力。She is a good student, and she works hard.这辆自行车很贵。This bike is expensive.对不起,我现在很忙。I am sorry, I'm busy now.你为这次会议做好准备了吗? Have you got everything ready for the meeting?形容词的语法功能：一、作定语He is the greatest writer alive.他是依然健在的伟大的作家。Somewone else has done it.别人已经做了这事。二、作补语形容词做主语补足语和宾语补足语时,可以表示其现状、状态，也可以表示某一动作的结果，并常用在表示“认为，看待”的动词如believe，prove，consider等候。例如：The news made her sad.这消息使他感到非常悲伤。Don't marry young.不要早婚。三、作状语形容词或形容词短语可作状语，形容词作状语时，可以看作是“being+形容词”结构的省略，可表示时间、原因、条件、方式、强调或伴随状况等意义。例如：Enthusiastic，they are co-operative.热心的时候他们是很合作的。Rich or poor, young or old, we all have problems.不管是穷人还是富人，不管是年轻人还是老人，我们都有问题。四、做表语The ship was adrift on unknown seas．那艘船在陌生的海域漂流。五、做主语Old and young joined the discussion.Rich or poor meant the same to him.作感叹语Very good!Say it again.Stupid!He must be crasy.形容词的几个特殊用法：most 同形容词连用而不用 the, 表示 " 极,很,非常, 十分"。 It's most dangerous to be here. 在这儿太危险。 I cannot do it, it's most difficult. 我干不了这件事，太难了。 "The+形容词比较级..., the+形容词比较级..." 表示 " 越... 就越..."。 The more you study, the more you know. 你学的越多, 就知道的越多。 The more I have, the more I want. 我越有就越想要有。 The more, the better. 越多越好。 " 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 ", 表示 " 越来越... "。 It's getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了. It's pity he is getting poorer and poorer. 真可怜他越来越穷了。 The computer is cheaper and cheaper. 计算机越来越便宜。 The more and more people focus on the meeting next year. 越来越多的人关注明年的会议。 主语+谓语(系动词)+as+形容词原形+as+从句。表示两者对比相同。 This box is as big as mine. 这个盒子和我的一样大。 This coat is as cheap as that one. 这件衣服同那件衣服一样便宜。I study English as hard as my brother. 我同我兄弟一样学习努力。 the + 形容词 表示某种人。 He always helps the poor. 他经常帮助穷人。 I like to have a talk with the young. 我喜欢同年轻人谈话。 The rich sometimes complain their empty life. 富人有时抱怨他们空虚的生活。 The police led the old man across the street. 警察领老人横过马路。以-ly结尾的形容词1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.　　 （错） He spoke to me very friendly.（对） Her singing was lovely.　　（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，earlyThe Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.too+adj.+to句型 “太…而不能” He is too young to go to school.=He isn’t old enough to go to school.=He is so young that he can’t go to school.形容词的位置:1.形容词一般放在名词前作定语? 单个形容词修饰名词时，一般要放在名词的前面。它们的前面常常带有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词、数词等。例如：? a red flower一朵红花?an interesting story一个有趣的故事? six blind men 六个盲人?my own house我自己的房子?如果有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，则由它们和被修饰的名词之间的密切程度而定，越密切的形容词越靠近名词。如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多则按音节少的形容词放在前面，音节多的形容词放在后面。 2.当形容词所修饰的词是由some,any,every,no等构成的不定代词时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?
She has something new to tell me.?她有一些新的情况告诉我。?
I have nothing important to do today.?今天我没有重要的工作要做。?
Do you know anybody else here??这儿你还有认识的人吗？? 3.形容词后面有介词短语或不定式短语时，形容词必须置于名词之后。例如：?
It is a problem difficult to work out.?这是一道难以解决的问题。?
Edison is a student difficult to teach.?爱迪生是个很难教的学生。?
This is a kind of flowers easy to grow.?这是一种易栽的花。? 4.用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解释的作用。例如：?
All people,young or old,should be strict with themselves.?
所有的人，无论老少，都应该严格要求自己。?
We are building a new school, modern and super.?
我们正在建一所现代化的高档次的新型学校。?
All countries, rich and poor, should help one another. 所有的国家，无论穷富都应该互相帮助。? 5.有少数形容词，如enough和possible，既可置于所修饰的名词前面也可以置于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：?Do you have enough time(time enough)to prepare?你有足够的时间做准备吗？?Maybe it will be a possible chance(chance possible)for you.或许它将成为一次可能的机遇。6.有些形容词，置于名词之前与之后，含义不尽相同。例如：? the writer present 出席的作者? the present writer 现在的作者?7.表示长，宽，高，深，及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。This river is about 100 metres wide.The building is more than 50 metres tall.He is less than 40 years old.8. enough修饰名词时，在名词前后都可以。They said that they had enough food.=They said that they had food enough.enough 修饰形容词和副词，位于其后。He is old enough to join the army.He isn’t old enough to go to school.9.形容词else通常放在疑问代词，疑问副词或不定代词后what/who/where/when/when elsesomething/anything/nothing…elseWhat else did you do?Do you have anything else to say?10.由两个或两个以上的词组成的形容词词组修饰名词时须放在名词之后。This is the book easy to read.这是一本容易读的书。形容词知识拓展:名词化的形容词：有些形容词可以和定冠词连用，表示一类人或事物，这时，它相当于一个名词，可作主语或宾语；表示一类人时，看作复数，表示一类事物时，通常看作单数。Robin Hooh(罗宾汉) hated the rich and loved the poor.The old are taken good care of in American.the+形容词，常见的短语有：the old/the young/the sick/the white/the black/the rich/the poor/the dead(死者)形似副词的形容词：以-ly结尾的词通常是副词，但是下列词为形容词。friendly lonely (孤独的) ；lively (活着的)；lovely(可爱的)复合形容词的类型：(1)名词+过去分词 man-made satellite 人造卫星(2)形容词+现在分词 a good-looking man(3)形容词+名词 second-hand cars(4)数词+名词-ed three-legged chairs三条腿的椅子(5)数词+名词 400- metre race(6)副词+现在分词 hard-working students(7)副词+过去分词 well-known writers(8)形容词+形容词 a dark-red jacket(9)形容词+过去分词 ready-made clothes 成品服装含有形容词的常用句型：(1) It’s+adj. of sb. to do sth.(good/ kind/nice/polite/clever/foolish… )It’s very kind of you to help me.(2) It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.(difficult/easy/hard/dangerous/usefulinteresting/important…)It’s important for us to learn English well.(3)下列形容词后常跟动词不定式表示情感或情绪的形容词：glad,pleased,sorry,sad,afraid,thankful…I'm glad to see you.表示能力，意志或推测的形容词：ready,able,sure,certain…I’m sorry to hear that.某些现在分词和过去分词可作形容词the moving story 令人感动的故事a moved boy 一个被感动的男孩a frightened child 一个被吓到的孩子a frightening film 一个恐怖电影考点名称：实义动词的过去分词过去分词的用法也有两个特点：一是表示完成，二是表示被动。实意动词过去分词变化规律和他的过去式变化规律几乎是一样的：①一般情况直接加ed，如ask—asked，work—worked ②以不发音的e结尾，只加d，如love—loved，dance—danced ③以辅音字母加y结尾，把y变为ied，如try—tried，study—studied ④以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾一个字母，再加ed， 如stop—stopped，permit—permitted 注意：以l结尾的动词，尾音节重读时，双写l,如control—controlled，尾音节不重读时，双不双写都可以，如travel—traveled/traveled。特例：picnic—picnicked，另外还有很多动词的过去分词是不合乎上述规则的，需熟记。实意动词过去式与过去分词的区别:过去式是发生过的事; 过去分词形式是发生了并且对现在造成影响的事 。过去式是用来作谓语的 过去分词用于完成时结构的谓语。另外，在两者的形式也有所差异，有的过去式和过去分词一样 ,有的不一样 .比如: begin began begun 就不一样 teach taught taught 就一样 用的时候一定要分清过去分词结构:1. 过去分词独立结构过去分词有时可有其独立主语，二者构成一种独立分词结构。过去分词独立结构多用于书面语中，常用作状语，用来表示时间、条件、原因、伴随情况等。如：He rushed into the room，his face covered with sweat.他满脸是汗跑进屋来。(表伴随)This done，we went home.做完此事，我们就回家了。（表时间）All our savings gone，the couple started looking for jobs.积蓄全部用完了，这对夫妻就开始找工作。（表原因）That point settled，the speaker went on to the next one.那个问题讲完了，演讲人继续讲下一个问题。（表时间）2. with/without+宾语+过去分词表示伴随情况的独立结构With everything taken into consideration,we all think this is a very good plan.每件事都考虑到了，我们都认为这是一项不错的计划。With different methods used，different results are obtained.采用不同的方法，得到不同的结果。She went angrily away without a word spoken.她一个字也没说，就生气地走了。3. 过去分词（短语）作宾语补足语(1) 过去分词（短语）在感官动词和使役动词等之后作宾语补足语，这些词语有： have 让，使 keep 使处于某状态 get 使得see 看见 hear 听见 find 发现feel 感觉到 leave 使处于某状态 make 使want 想要 start 引起 notice 注意observe 观察 watch 注视 set 使处于某状态如：The work left him exhausted.这个活使得他筋疲力尽。The doorkeeper heard the chain and bolts withdrawn.看门人听见门上的链和拴被拉开了。The tenant found the house renovated.房客看到房子已整修过了。It’s better to leave some things unsaid.有些事倒是不说的好。I don’t want my name linked with him.我不要把我的名字和他联系在一起。The person concerned should like this matter settled immediately.当事人希望此事立刻得到解决。(2)过去分词（短语）在使役动词get或have之后作宾语补足语，表示的动作往往是由别人完成的。如：I had my car repaired我把我的车修好了。（别人修的）I had my hair cut我理发了。（别人给我理的）We must get the television set repaired我们必须把电视机修好。（被别人修）He had his window broken to pieces.他的窗户给打破了。（被他人打破）初中英语不规则动词过去式、过去分词表:(1)AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形）cost（花费）costcost cut（割）cut cut spit spit/spat spit/ spat(英)hit（打）hit hit hurt 伤害）hurthurtlet（让） let let put（放） put putread （读）read read(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形）beat（跳动） beat beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形）become（变成） became become awake awoke awokencome（来） came comerun（跑） ran run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖） dug dug build built builtget（得到） got got/gotten catch caught caughthang（吊死） hanged hanged deal dealt dealthang（悬挂） hung hung feed fed fedhold（抓住） held held find found foundshine（照耀） shone shone sit（坐） sat satpay paid paid win （赢） won wonsend sent sent meet（遇见） met metshoot shot shot keep （保持） kept kepttell told told sleep（睡） slept sleptwin won won sweep（扫） swept sweptfeel（感觉） felt felt smell（闻） smelt/smelled smelt/ smelledleave（离开） left left build（建设） built builtlend（借出） lent lent send （传送） sent sentspend（花费） spent spent lose （丢失） lost lostburn （燃烧） burnt burnt learn（学习） learnt learntmean（意思是） meant meant catch（抓住） caught caughtteach（教） taught taught bring（带来） brought broughtfight （战斗） fought fought buy（买） bought boughtthink（想） thought thought hear （听见） heard heardsell（卖） sold sold tell（告诉） told toldsay（说） said said find（找到） found foundhave/has（有） had had make（制造） made madestand（站） stood stood understand明白understood understood(5) ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） began begun take（取） took takendrink（喝） drank drunk mistake（弄错） mistook mistakenring（铃响） rang rung ride（骑） rode riddensing （唱） sang sung do（做） did doneswim（游泳） swam swum write（写） wrote writtenblow（吹） blew blown go（去）went gonedraw （画） drew drawn lie（平躺） lay lainfly（飞） flew flown see（看见） saw seengrow（生长） grew grown wear （穿） wore wornknow（知道） knew known be ( am, is, are )（是）was, were beenthrow（投掷） threw thrown show（出示） showed shownbreak（打破） broke broken choose（选择） chose chosenforget（忘记） forgot forgotten (forgot) bear bore borne/bornspeak（说，讲） spoke spoken draw drew drawnwake（醒） woke woken dream dreamt/ dreamed dreamt/ dreameddrive（驾驶） drove driven hide hid hiddeneat（吃） ate eaten lay laid laid 放置fall（落下） fell fallen lie lied lied 撒谎give（给） gave given lie lay lain 躺rise（升高） rose risen see saw seenshake shook shaken steal stole stolencan----could may---might will---would shall---shouldmust----must考点名称：系动词系动词：亦称连系动词。作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语，亦称补语（形容词），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。系动词的分类：1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如：He is a teacher. 他是一名教师。（is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示"看起来像"这一概念，主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：He looks tired. 他看起来很累。He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.例如：He became mad after that. 自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实"，"变成"之意，例如：The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了。（turn out表终止性结果）系动词使用的注意事项：系动词本身有一定的词义，不能单独作谓语，后面必须与表语连用。复习系动词时，必须注意以下几个问题：1.be是最重要的系动词，主语不同，be的形式也不同，且有时态的变化。a通常表示主语的特征、状态和身份等，后面接形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、不定式、v-ing、过去分词及表语从句作表语。b特别要注意“由be+过去分词”所构成的系表结构与“由be+过去分词”所构成的被动语态的区别。c前者侧重于表示主语的特征或所处的状态，通常没有由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed.后者侧重于强调主语是谓语动词所示动作的承受者，表示动作；句中可以用由by引导的介词短语。如：The door was closed by me.d还要注意“由be+ V-ing所构成的系表结构与“由be+ V-ing”所构成的进行时态的区别。前者侧重于说明主语具有的特征或存在的状态，也可说明主语是什么。如：My job is teaching English.后者侧重于强调主语正在做某事。如：Mr Wang is reading an evening paper now.2. 要注意由行为动词转化成的系动词。a表示人体感官的系动词有sound，taste，look，feel，smell等，后面接形容词；b表示主语从一种状态转变到另一种状态的系动词有become，get，go，turn，run，grow，come，fall，prove等，后面接形容词、名词或to be+形容词，become后面接单数名词时，名词前要用不定冠词，turn后面接单数名词时，名词前不用不定冠词；c表示主语继续或保持某种身份、特征或状态的系动词有continue，keep，remain，stay，stand lie，rest，stay等，后面接表示状态的形容词；d表示判断的系动词有seem和appear，后面接形容词、to be+名词或形容词、that-clause、不定式等。3. 要注意系动词的固定搭配。常见的有come true, fall asleep, fall ill, go bad, come right, run wild, wear thin, turn nasty等。4.要特别注意某些动词既可以做系动词，又可以做实意动词的用法。系动词部分主要注意：其后要求接形容词，而不是副词做表语。遇到这种情况，只能先根据其意思判断清楚到底是前者还是后者，然后再对后面的词性和词义做出正确判断和选择。以taste一词为例：The newly-invented soft drinking tastes quite unique.（这种新研制的软饮料尝起来挺独特的。注意：在这句话里，taste做系动词，不能使用进行时，后面接形容词。）The chef is tasting the fish carefully.（厨师长正在品尝这道鱼。注意：在这句话中，taste做实意动词，可以使用进行时，并且后面接副词做状语。）系动词用法点拨：1．系动词的进行时态应分情况讨论。一般地说，状态系动词无进行时态，而动态系动词有进行时态。但是在某些情况下，状态系动词也有进行时态，表示两个用途：一是表示一种短暂的、反常的状态。如：He is being kind.（一时而不能持久的性质）他装出和蔼可亲的样子。二是表示一种探询口气，使语言客气、生动、亲切。例如：I hope you are keeping well.（语气委婉）我希望你保持健康。Are you feeling any better?（语气亲切）你感觉好了些吗？试比较：Your hand feels cold.（无意识的静态性质。）你的手摸起来冰凉。不可以说：Your hand is feeling cold.(×)但可以说：The doctor is feeling her pulse.（有意识的动态动作）医生正在给她拿脉。The soup tastes good.（静态性质，无进行时）这汤的味道不错。The cook is tasting the soup.（动态动作，有进行时）厨师在尝汤的味道。总之，系动词有无进行时态应随系动词的意义或其语境变化而变化。我们在概述某一动词的进行时态时，不能笼统地说feel，smell无进行时，应指出其意义及其语用环境。例如smell的用法可见一斑。①smell作“嗅觉”的能力时，虽是实义动词，但指的是一种性质的存在状态不能用于进行时态，常与can, could, be able to连用。The camels can smell the water a mile off.骆驼能嗅出一英里外有水。②指“嗅、闻”的动作时，实义动词，可用于进行时态。The girl is smelling the flower.这姑娘正在闻那朵花。③smell指“含有……气味”，“发出……气味”等事物性质时，半系动词，无进行时态。The dinner smells good.这饭菜闻起来真香。2．系动词的时态与形容词的比较级连用的问题。某些含有变化意义的动态系动词如get, become, grow, turn等的进行时态可与形容词的比较级连用，表示渐进过程，其意思是“越来越……”。例如：He is growing taller and taller.他长得越来越高了。Our life is getting better and better.我们的生活是越来越好了。The things are getting worse.情况是越来越糟了。3．所有半系动词的被动语态要分情况讨论。英语中某动词在作系动词用时，无被动语态，而作实义动词用时，才有被动语态，二者不可混为一谈。例如：不能说：The apple is tasted good.（因为taste此时是系动词，“尝起来”之意，指的是苹果的性质，无被动语态）但我们可以说：The apple is tasted by me.这苹果被我尝了一下。（taste此时指“尝一尝”这一动作，有被动语态）因此，在平时的英语教学和学习之 ，要有意注意半系动词在具体的语言环境中到底是系动词用法还是实义动词用法，要注意区分、识别。4．瞬间动态系动词能否与时间段连用的问题英语中某些表示瞬间意义的系动词不能与“for+时间段，since+时间点，how long until+时间,by + 时间，so far”等直接连用。例如：①不能说：He has become a teacher for 2 years.应改为：He has been a teacher for 2 years.②不能说：He has turned writer since 3 years ago.应改为：He has been a writer since 3 years ago.或It is three years since he turned writer.③不能说：He got angry until his child came back home.应改为：He didn’t get angry until his child came back home.5．系动词能接几种表语（从句）系动词除了接adj.\n.\prep.短语，某些adv.以外，还可接以下几种表语形式：①能接as if/as though表语从句的系动词有：look（看起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来），feel（觉得）；appear（显得），seem（似乎）。例如：It looks as if we are going to have snow.看样子天要下雪了。He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales.他看来好像刚从我的童话故事中走出来似的。She seemed as if (though) she couldn’t understand why Laura was there.看来她好像不能理解为什么劳拉呆在那儿。It sounds to me as though there’s a tap running somewhere.我好像听到某处水龙头流水的声音。She felt as if her head were splitting.她仿佛觉得她的头要裂开了。The river appeared as if enveloped in smog.那条河好像笼罩在烟雾之中。It seems as if it were spring already.好像已是春天了。②可用于“It+系动词+that从句”结构的有：seem, appear, 不可用be, look。如：It seemed that he had made some serious mistakes in his work.好像他在工作中犯了严重错误。It appeared that he was talking to himself.好像他在自言自语。③能用不定式作表语的系动词有：be, seem, get, look, appear, prove, grow.Her job is to look after the children.她的工作是照料孩子们。He seems not to look after the children.他好像不是她的父亲。She looks to be a young girl of twenty year-old.她看起来像是一个20岁的年轻姑娘。He didn’t appear to dislike it.看不出他憎恨此事。My advice proved to be wrong.我的建议证明是错误的。He will grow to like this work gradually.他会逐渐喜欢这个工作的。④能与there连用的系动词有：be, appear, seem.There appeared to be only one room.那儿好像只有一个房间。There seems(to be)no need to go.似乎没有必要走。6．能用两种否定形式的系动词有两个：seem, appear.举例说明：It doesn’t seem that we can get our money back.= It seems that we can’t get our money back.He seems not to be her father.= He doesn’t seem to be her father.The baby doesn’t appear to be awake.= The baby appears not to be awake.7．后接作表语的过去分词可构成系表结构能构成系表结构的系动词通常有两个：第一个是常见的be(is, am, was等)；第二个是get，口语中常用。当二者作系动词用时，它们均表示一种存在状态，而不表示被动动作；当二者作助动词用时，后接作谓语的过去分词构成被动语态。Be + P.P常可以用get + P.P.来代替，但是并不是be系动词总是可以用get来代替。Get + P.P.系表结构常用于以下两种情况：1）表示偶然的、突发性的、意想不到的被动动作的结果或状态。Last night I got caught in the downpour.昨夜我被雨淋了（表示意想不到）The new car got scratched.新车给刮坏了。（表突发性）2）表示对自身所作的事。如get dressed, get lost等。John got injured while playing football last Saturday.约翰上周星期六踢足球时受了伤。They got married last month.他们上个月结婚了。另外，要注意区分系表结构与被动语态结构的用法。篇二 : I can't understand why you all ________ thinkI can't understand why you all ________ think that I did it. [ ]A. shallB. willC. canD. should题型：单选题难度：中档来源：四川省同步题D考点：考点名称：情态动词情态动词的概念：情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度。几组词的辨析：1、need和dare的用法：need和dare既可用作情态动词，也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时，可用于各种句式。 （1）用作情态动词：如：—Need I come? 我需要来吗？ —Yes, you must. 需要。
You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。
How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平？
Not one of them dared mention this.他们谁也不敢提这件事。 （2）用作实义动词： 如：You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。
We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。
The table needs painting(to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。
We should dare to give our own opinion.我们要敢于提出自己的观点。
He did not dare(to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。
I dare day he′ll come again. 我想他会再来的。2、can和be able to：（1）情态动词can只有两种时态形式，现在式can和过去式could，而be able to有多种时态形式。 如：Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。 （2）用在过去时中，could经常表示能够做某事，事实上不一定去做，而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。 如：He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn′t feel like it that day.
他能游过英吉利海峡，但那天他不想游。
Yesterday I was able to get home before the heavy rain. 昨天我在下大雨前赶到了家里。 3、must和have to：must表示主观意志，而have to表示由于客观因素不得不做某事。must没有过去式，除在间接引语中可用于表示过去时间，在直接引语中表示过去时间应该用had to代替。 如：I told her that she must give up smoking. 我叫她必须戒烟。
We had to get everything ready that night. 我们那晚得把一切准备就绪。 4、would和used to：（1）usedto表示过去与现在或过去某时与后来的情况有不同，而would只表过去的情况。如：People used to think that the earth was flat. 过去人们认为地球是平的。（现在人们不这么认为。） She would go out for a walk in the morning when she was in the country.
在乡下时，她总是在早晨去散会儿步。（可能现在仍有散步的习惯。） （2）used to可表示过去的习惯动作和经常的情况，而would只表示过去的习惯动作。 如：He used to∕would smoke while writing. 过去他写东西时常抽烟。
She used to be fat. 她过去很胖。 情态动词的基本用法：1、can(could)： 1）表示能力，could主要指过去时间。 如：Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。
Could the girl read before she went to school? 这女孩上学前能识字吗？ 2）表示可能（理论上或是逻辑判断上）。 如：The temperature can fall to–60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至-60℃，也就是零下60℃。
He can′t(couldn′t) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足够的钱买新车。
You mustn′t smoke while you′re walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
在林子里走时勿吸烟，那样可能会引起火灾。 3）表示允许。 如：Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 4）表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。 如：Where can(could) they have gone to? 他们会去哪儿了呢？
He can′t(couldn′t) be over sixty. 他不可能超过六十岁。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5）比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 如：Can(Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？
I′m afraid we couldn′t give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。 2、may(might)： 1）表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 如：You may take what ever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。
May(Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？在回答以may引起的问句时，多避免用这个词，而用其它方式：如：Yes, please./Certainly. /Please don′t./You′d better not./No, you mustn′t.等，以免显得太严峻或不客气。 2）表可能（事实上）。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 如：He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他担心他们可能不同意他的意见。 如：They might be having a meeting, but I′m not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。 3、must：1）表示义务。意为“必须”（主观意志）。 如：We must do everything step by step. 我们一切都必须循序渐进地做。
You mustn′t talk to her like that. 你不可能那样对她说话。
—Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？
—No, you needn′t./No, you don′t have to.不必。（这种情况下，一般不用mustn′t） 2）表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 如：He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 如：She′s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot o fmoney. 她戴着钻石项链，一定很有钱。 4、shall：1）表征询意见，用于第一、第三人称疑问句。 如：Shall I get you some tea? 我给你点茶好吗？
Shall the boy wait outside? 让那男孩在外面等吗？
What shall we do this evening? 我们今晚做什么？ 2）表说话人的意愿，有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思，用于第二、第三人称陈述句。 如：You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告） 如：Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划。（决心） 5、will：1）表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。 如：I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。
None is so blind as those who won′t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎。
If you will read the book, I′ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。 2）表请求，用于疑问句。 如：Will you close the window? It′s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗？有点冷。
Won′t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗？ 3）表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。 如：Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。 The door won′t open. 这门打不开。
The boy will sit there hour after hour looking at the traffic go by.
那男孩常常坐在那里好几个钟点，看着车辆行人通过。 6、should：1）表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。 如：You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。
You shouldn′t waste anytime. 你不应该浪费时间。 2）表推测，意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。 如：The film should be very good as it is starring first-class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 7、would：1）表意愿。 如：They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着破旧。I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2）表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。 如：Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3）表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。 如：Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。8、ought to：1）表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。 如：You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲，应当管他。
You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2）表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。 如：Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。
There′ it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞，明天应该是个好天。 9、used to：表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。 如：He used to live in the countryside, but now he lives in the city. 他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down. 街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。
I usedn′t (didn′t use) to smoke. 我过去不抽烟。
Used you(Did you use) to go to school on foot? 你过去常步行去学校吗？情态动词的其他用法：首先它是动词，而且不同于行为动词，行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作（如写，读，跑），而情态动词只是表达的一种想法（如能，也许，敢）。用法是：情态动词+行为动词原形：句：I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪，态度或语气的动词，但不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。 如：We can be there on time tomorrow. 我们明天能按时去那儿。
May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗？
Shall we begin now? 我们现在就开始吗？
You must obey the school rules. 你必须遵守校规。情态动词知识体系：情态动词表推测的三种句式：1、在肯定句中一般用must(一定)，may（可能），might/could（也许，或许）。如：He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2、否定句中用can't/couldn't (不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。如：It can't/couldn't be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了 He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3、疑问句中用can/could(能……?)。如：Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。情态动词表推测的三种时态：1、对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。如：She must/may/might/could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。
She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2、对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+bedoing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。如：He must/may/might/could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 He can't(couldn't)/may(might) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can(could) he be late for the opening ceremony?
布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 3、对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。如：It must/may/might/ could have rained last night. The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 The door was locked. He can(could) not/may(might) not have been at home. 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。
Can/Could he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？注：情态动词should/ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应……”但与“have+过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。如：It's seven o'clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测）
She should/ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital.（虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。
Tom should not/ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm.（虚拟） 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。
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