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The Twilight Saga is a series of five
based on the
by American author . The films star , , and . The series has grossed over $3.3 billion in worldwide receipts and consists, to date, of five motion pictures. The first installment, , was released on November 21, 2008. The second installment, , followed on November 20, 2009, breaking box office records as the biggest midnight screening and opening day in history, grossing an estimated $72.7 million. The third installment, , was released on June 30, 2010, and was the first Twilight film to be released in .
The series was in development since 2004 at , during which time a
of Twilight that differed significantly from the novel was written. Three years later,
acquired the rights to the film. After Twilight grossed $35.7 million on its opening day, Summit Entertainment announced they would begin production on New Moon; they had acquired the rights to the remaining novels earlier that same month. A two-part adaptation of
began shooting in November 2010 with November 18, 2011, and November 16, 2012, release dates.
Twilight was in development for approximately three years at 's , during which time a
differing significantly from the novel was written. For example, the script transformed Bella into a star athlete.
stated that there was some debate in allowing the movie to be made because of the negative or positive outcome of the movie compared to the book, '"They could have put that [earlier] movie out, called it something else, and no one would have known it was Twilight!" The idea of seeing a scene converted correctly, specifically the meadow scene, convinced Meyer to sell the rights. In seeing the script, she was frightened that she had made the wrong decision. When
reinvented itself as a full-service studio in April 2007, it successfully acquired the rights to the novel. Erik Feig, President of Production at , guaranteed a close adaptation to the book. The company perceived the film as an opportunity to launch a franchise based on the success of Meyer's book and its sequels. Meyer felt that Summit was open to letting her be a part of the film.
was hired to direct the film, and soon afterward,
was selected to be the film's structural base as the writer of the film.
Rosenberg developed an outline by the end of August and collaborated with Hardwicke on writing the screenplay during the following month. "[She] was a great sounding board and had all sorts of brilliant ideas.... I'd finish off scenes and send them to her, and get back her notes." Because of the impending , Rosenberg worked full-time to finish the screenplay before October 31. In adapting the novel for the screen, she "had to condense a great deal." Some characters were left out, and others were combined. "[O]ur intent all along was to stay true to the book," Rosenberg explained, "and it has to do less with adapting it word for word and more with making sure the characters' arcs and emotional journeys are the same." Hardwicke suggested the use of
to convey the protagonist's internal dialogue, since the novel is told from Bella' and she sketched some of the storyboards during pre-production.
Meyer, the author, and Hardwicke, the director, had a close relationship while developing Twilight. Hardwicke wanted to embrace the experience and make the characters in the books come to life. She would call Meyer after changing a scene slightly, which surprised the author because, "I've heard the stories...I know it's not normally like that when you adapt a book." Meyer, a natural pessimist, was waiting for the worst but, instead, called her experience in the book's film adaptation "the best I could have hoped for."
Originally scheduled for release in December 2008, Twilight was moved to a worldwide release of November 21, 2008, after
moved from a November 2008 release to being released in July 2009.
was on the set of
when Hardwicke visited her for an informal screen test, which "captivated" the director. Hardwicke did not initially choose Robert Pattinson for the role of Edward C but, after an audition at her home with Stewart, he was selected. Meyer allowed Pattinson to view a manuscript of the unfinished , which chronicles the events in Twilight from Edward's point of view. Meyer was "excited" and "ecstatic" in response to the casting of the two main characters. She had expressed interest in having
cast as Bella and Edward, respectively, prior to pre-production.
(Left to right) Director Chris Weitz, Kristen Stewart, Taylor Lautner and Robert Pattinson attending the photocall for New Moon on November 10, 2009, in Paris, France
was not originally cast as Carlisle Cullen: "[Hardwicke] liked [him], but there was another actor that the studio was pushing for." For unknown reasons, that actor was not able to play the part, and Facinelli was selected in his place. The choice of
to portray Alice Cullen was criticized by some fans because Greene is 7 inches (18 cm) taller than her character as described in the novel. Meyer said that
resembled her vision of Alice.
had previously worked with Hardwicke on the successful
(2003), which they co-wrote, and
was in , shooting the
, when the auditions for the character of Emmett Cullen were conducted. The role had already been cast by the time the HBO production ended in December 2007, but the selected actor "fell through". Lutz subsequently auditioned and was flown to Oregon, where Hardwicke personally chose him.
wanted a role in the film because Ha she saw "the potential to explore a character, hopefully, over three films"; and she wanted to portray a . "[She] thought that vampires were basically the best metaphor for human anxiety and questions about being alive."
initially auditioned for Jessica Stanley, but she "fell totally in love with Angela" after reading the books and took advantage of a later opportunity to audition for Angela Weber. The role of Jessica Stanley went to , who got the part after two mix-and-match auditions with various actors.
Because of major physical changes that occur in the character of Jacob Black between Twilight and New Moon, director Chris Weitz considered replacing
in the sequel with an actor who could more accurately portray "the new, larger Jacob Black." Trying to keep the role, Lautner worked out extensively and put on 30 lbs. In January 2009, Weitz and Summit Entertainment announced that Lautner would continue as Jacob in The Twilight Saga: New Moon.
When they told me Rob was probably the one, I looked him up and thought, "Yeah, he can do a version of Edward. He's definitely got that vampire thing going on." And then, when I was on set and I got to watch him go from being Rob to shifting into being Edward and he actually looked like the Edward in my head, it was a really bizarre experience. [...] He really had it nailed.
Twilight author Stephenie Meyer
In late March 2009, Summit Entertainment released a list of the actors who would be portraying the "wolf pack" alongside Lautner. The casting for the rest of the
was headed by casting director Rene Haynes, who has worked on films with large American Indian casts, such as
In mid-2009, it was announced that
would be replacing
as Victoria for the third Twilight film, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Summit Entertainment attributed the change to scheduling conflicts. Lefevre said she was "stunned" and "greatly saddened" by the decision.
was cast as the newly turned vampire, Bree. Other new cast members for the third film include
as Royce King II,
as Maria, Julia Jones as , and
Principal photography for Twilight took 44 days, after more than a week of rehearsals, and completed on May 2, 2008. Similar to her directorial debut , Hardwicke opted for an extensive use of
to make the film "feel real". Meyer visited the production set three times, and was consulted on different
she also has a brief cameo in the film. To make their bodily movements more elegant, and to get used to their characters' fighting styles, the cast playing
participated in rehearsals with a dance choreographer and observed the physicality of different . Instead of shooting at
itself, scenes taking place at the school were filmed at Kalama High School and Madison High School. Other scenes were also filmed in , and Hardwicke conducted some reshooting in , in August.
In early November 2008, Summit announced that they had obtained the rights to the remaining books in 's : , , and . On November 22, 2008, one day after the theatrical release of , Summit confirmed that they would begin working on New Moon.
had been working on adapting the novel prior to Twilight's release and handed in the draft for New Moon during Twilight's opening weekend in November 2008.
In early December 2008, it was announced that Twilight director
would not be returning to direct the sequel. Hardwicke cited time restrictions as the reason behind her leaving the project. Instead, , director of
and co-director of , was hired to direct The Twilight Saga: New Moon. Filming for New Moon began in
in late March 2009, and in , , in late May 2009.
In early 2009, before the release of , Summit confirmed that they would begin production on The Twilight Saga: Eclipse. Since Weitz would be in post-production for New Moon when The Twilight Saga: Eclipse began shooting, he would not be directing the third film. Instead, The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was helmed by director , with
returning as screenwriter. Filming began on August 17, 2009 at
and finished in late October, with post-production beginning early the following month. In April 2010, it was revealed that re-shoots of the film were needed. Slade, who previously said he would not be around for them, was seen, along with , on set. The three main stars were also present.
Wyck Godfrey, producer of the previous films in the series, stated in mid-2009 that they had every intention to make the film version of Breaking Dawn. Following months of speculation and cast rumors, it was officially announced on April 28, 2010, that
, who directed
and , would direct Breaking Dawn; producing the film will be Wyck Godfrey, Karen Rosenfelt, and author . "I'm very excited to get the chance to bring the climax of this saga to life on-screen. As fans of the series know, this is a one-of-a-kind book – and we're hoping to create an equally unique cinematic experience," said Bill Condon. A November 18, 2011 release date has been set for the first part, while the second is scheduled for release on November 16, 2012. Following that announcement, Summit officially confirmed that a two-part adaption of the fourth book would start production in the fall on June 11, 2010. With this announcement, it was made clear that all major actors, including the three lead roles, the Cullen family, and , would return for both parts.
was also confirmed to direct both parts.
In order to keep the budget on both parts of Breaking Dawn reasonable, which would be substantially greater than the previous installments in the series, filming in
is also being negotiated. Shooting in Louisiana would provide larger tax credits, which a studio as low-profile as
would benefit from.
Main article:
was directed by
and written by . It focuses on the development of a personal relationship between human teenager
(), and the subsequent efforts of Edward and his family to keep Bella safe from a separate group of hostile vampires.
The film was released theatrically starting on November 21, 2008. It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day, and has come to gross 408.9 million worldwide. The DVD was released on March 21, 2009 and grossed an additional $201 million from sales.
Main article:
was directed by
and written by . The film follows 's fall into a deep depression until she develops a strong friendship with werewolf . Jacob and his tribe must protect Bella from Victoria, a gregarious herd of vampires. The film was released theatrically starting on November 20, 2009, and set numerous records. It is currently the biggest advance-ticket seller on
and held the biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and )
history, grossing an estimated $26.3 million. Its sequel, , broke that record in June 2010, grossing $72.7 million on its opening day domestically, $709 Million Worldwide and becoming the biggest single-day opening in domestic history. It is the
with $142,839,137.
Main article:
was directed by
and written by . The film follows
as she develops awareness of the complications of marrying . As Victoria draws nearer with a group of newborn vampires,
and the rest of the werewolves form a temporary alliance to destroy her, in turn, to keep Bella safe. While Bella tries to decide who she is, a fight brews and the consequences are paid once Jacob gets hurt. Intent on keeping a compromise with Edward, she vows to keep true to her engagement and marry him.
The film was released theatrically starting on June 30, 2010, and is the first Twilight film to be released in . It set a new record for biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and ) in
history, grossing an estimated $30 million in over 4,000 theaters. The previous record holder was the previous film in the series,
with $26.3 million in 3,514 theaters. The film then scored the biggest Wednesday opening in domestic history with $68,533,840 beating 's $62 million. The Twilight Saga: Eclipse has also become the film with the widest independent release, playing in over 4,416 theaters, surpassing its predecessor, The Twilight Saga: New Moon, which held the record since November 2009.
Main article:
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn was directed by , and author
co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with
penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The filming of Breaking Dawn began in November 2010. The first part follows Bella and Edward as they get married and then learn that Bella has become pregnant. They deal with her struggle of being pregnant and almost passing away because of the half vampire-half human child.
Main article:
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 was directed by , and author
co-produced the film along with Karen Rosenfelt and Wyck Godfrey, with
penning the script. The book's plot was split into two films, the first of which was released on November 18, 2011. The second was released on November 16, 2012. The second part of Breaking Dawn saw the climax of Bella and Edward's relationship, as Bella must learn to adapt to immortality as a newly transformed vampire and motherhood.
Main article:
The Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was chosen by music supervisor . The album was released on November 4, 2008 by Patsavas'
label, in conjunction with . The album debuted at #1 on the , having sold about 165,000 copies in its first week of release, 29% of which were digital downloads. Twilight is the best-selling theatrical movie soundtrack in the United States since .
Twilight: The Score was composed and orchestrated by
over a 9–10 week period, and was recorded and mixed in about 2 weeks in late September 2008. Burwell began the score with a "Love Theme" for Bella and Edward's relationship, a variation of which became "Bella's Lullaby" that Robert Pattinson plays in the film, and that is included on the Twilight Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. The original theme is featured throughout the film, and serves to "play the romance that drives the story". Another theme Burwell composed was a "Predator Theme", which opens the film, and is intended to play Edward's vampire nature. Other themes include a bass-line, drum beat and distorted guitar sound for the nomadic vampires, and a melody for the Cullen family. Twilight: The Score was released digitally on November 25, 2008 and in stores on December 9.
Main article:
The score for The Twilight Saga: New Moon was composed by
returned as music supervisor for the rest of the soundtrack. Weitz has a working relationship with Desplat, who scored one of his previous films, . The The Twilight Saga: New Moon: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack album was released on October 16, 2009 by Patsavas' Chop Shop label, in conjunction with Atlantic Records. The album debuted at #2 on the , later jumped to #1 with 153,000 copies sold. The Twilight Saga: New Moon: The Score was released on November 24,2009.
Main article:
The score for The Twilight Saga: Eclipse was composed by , who composed the scores for . The film's soundtrack was released on June 8, 2010 by
in conjunction with music supervisor '
label. The lead single from the soundtrack is "", performed by the British band . The soundtrack debuted at number two on the U.S.
albums chart with estimated sales of 144,000 copies.
Main article:
The Breaking Dawn – Part 1 soundtrack saw the release of two singles: "" by
and "" by . The former reached number one and the latter of the two number three on the .
Main article:
Twilight grossed over $7 million in ticket sales from midnight showings alone on November 21, 2008. It grossed $35.7 million on its opening day. For its opening weekend in the United States and Canada, Twilight accumulated $69.6 million from 3,419 theaters at an average of $20,368 per theater.
The film has made $192.7 million in the United States and Canada, and a further $192.2 million in international territories for a total of $384.9 million worldwide.
The film was released on
in North America on March 21, 2009 through midnight release parties, and sold over 3 million units in its first day. It has continued to sell units, totaling as of July 2012, making $201,323,629.
The Twilight Saga: New Moon set records for advance ticket sales, causing some theaters to add additional showings. The film set records as the biggest midnight opening in domestic (United States and )
history, grossing an estimated $26.3 million in 3,514 theatres, before expanding to 4,024 theaters. The record was previously held by , which grossed $22.2 million domestically during its midnight premiere. The film grossed $72.7 million on its opening day domestically, becoming the biggest single-day opening in domestic history, beating 's $67.2 million. This opening strongly contributed to another record: the first time that the top ten films at the domestic box office had a combined gross of over $100 million in a single day.
The opening weekend of The Twilight Saga: New Moon is the
with $142,839,137. The film also has the sixth highest worldwide opening weekend with $274.9 million total.
Release date
Box office gross
Box office ranking
North America
territories
North America
November 21, 2008
$192,769,854
$199,846,771
$392,616,625
$37,000,000
The Twilight Saga: New Moon
November 20, 2009
$296,623,634
$413,203,828
$709,827,462
$50,000,000
Twilight / New Moon (combo/one-night-only)
June 29, 2010
$2,385,237
$2,385,237
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
June 30, 2010
$300,531,751
$397,959,596
$698,491,347
$68,000,000
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
November 18, 2011
$282,287,133
$430,884,723
$712,171,856
$110,000,000
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
November 16, 2012
$292,325,737
$537,360,640
$829,685,377
$120,000,000
$1365922346
$1979255558
$3345177904
$385 million
List indicator(s)
(A) indicates the adjusted totals based on current ticket prices (calculated by ).
While The Twilight Saga has been successful in the box office, critical reception of the films was mixed, and significantly declined as the series continued.
called Twilight "a genuine pop classic", and praised
for turning "'s book series into a -esque vision".
gave the film two out of four stars and Claudia Puig wrote: "Meyer is said to have been involved in the production of Twilight, but her novel was substantially more absorbing than the unintentionally funny and quickly forgettable film."
Robert Ignizio of the
described The Twilight Saga: New Moon as an "entertaining fantasy", and noted that it "has a stronger visual look [than Twilight] and does a better job with its action scenes while still keeping the focus on the central love triangle." Michael O'Sullivan of
gave the film two and half stars out of four, praised 's performance in the film and wrote: "Despite melodrama that, at times, is enough to induce diabetes, there's enough wolf whistle in this sexy, scary romp to please anyone." The
gave the film a "B" grading and said, "the movie looks tremendous, the dialogue works, there are numerous well placed jokes, the acting is on point." Mick Lasalle from the
responded with a more mixed review, stating, "[E]xpect this film to satisfy its fans. Everybody else, get ready for a bizarre soap opera/pageant, consisting of a succession of static scenes with characters loping into the frame to announce exactly what they're thinking."
gave the film 1 star out of 4 and said that it "takes the tepid achievement of Twilight, guts it, and leaves it for undead." The release of the movie has also inspired feminist criticism, with Owen Gleiberman of
making light of the claim that Edward Cullen is little better than a stalker. In any case, the influx of female viewers into the theaters indicates the increasing importance of the female demographic in dictating Hollywood's tastes.
posted a positive review of , saying the film "nails it".
reports that the film "finally feels more like the blockbuster this top-earning franchise deserves". One review stated the film was the best in The Twilight Saga so far, acknowledging that, "The person who should be worried is , the director tapped for the two-part finale, . He's got a real challenge to make movies as good as Eclipse."
praised 's ability to make an entertaining film, calling it funny and better than its predecessors, but pointed out the acting hasn't improved much.
A more negative review said that while "Eclipse restores some of the energy New Moon zapped out of the franchise and has enough quality performances to keep it involving", the film "isn't quite the adrenaline-charged game-changer for love story haters that its marketing might lead you to believe. The majority of the 'action' remains protracted and not especially scintillating should-we-or-shouldn't-we conversations between the central triangle." Roger Ebert of the
gave the film a more positive review than for the first two films in the saga, but still felt the movie was a constant, unclever conversation between the three main characters. He criticized the "gazes" both Edward and Jacob give Bella throughout the movie, and noted that the mountain range that appears in the film looks "like landscapes painted by
who shows you how to paint stuff like that." He also predicted that a lack of understanding for the film series in general would not bode well with the audience, stating, "I doubt anyone not intimately familiar with the earlier installments could make head or tails of the opening scenes." He gave the film 2 stars out of 4.
Breaking Dawn – Part 1 received mostly negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that just 24% of critics (of the 188 counted reviews) gave the film a positive review, and the site's consensus reads "Slow, joyless and loaded with unintentionally humorous moments, Breaking Dawn Part 1 may satisfy the Twilight faithful, but it's strictly for fans of the franchise". Part 2 had a mixed critical reception but was much more favorable than Part 1. Bruce Diones of New Yorkers gave the film a positive review, citing "A feast of ripe dialogue and bloodsucking action". On the other hand, Richard Roeper said that "The fifth and final entry in the historically successful Twilight franchise is the most self-aware and in some ways the most entertaining".
48% (207 reviews)
56 (37 reviews)
The Twilight Saga: New Moon
28% (220 reviews)
44 (32 reviews)
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
49% (234 reviews)
58 (38 reviews)
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
24% (192 reviews)
45 (36 reviews)
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
48% (177 reviews)
52 (31 reviews)
List indicator(s)
(B) indicates the yearly rank based on the number of DVDs sold during the year released (calculated by The Numbers).
DVD release date
Units sold
March 21, 2009
$203,682,678
11,500,688
The Twilight Saga: New Moon
March 20, 2010
$186,996,950
The Twilight Saga: Eclipse
December 4, 2010
$167,551,921
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1
February 11, 2012
$99,421,341
The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2
March 2, 2013
$67,057,551
$657,652,890
35,833,809
This section needs additional citations for . Please help
by . Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2012) ()
The 2010 Portuguese teen series
(Red Moon) had a similar premise of vampire romance but differed in the story.
The 2010 parody film
spoofed the film series. A television show within the canon of Canadian teen vampire film
called Dusk is a parody of Twilight.
The 2012 film
(parodying the title of Breaking Dawn, but parodying the whole film series), directed by Craig Moss (best known for ), is also a spoof of the films and a parody version of Breaking Dawn Part – 1.
The 2012 animated movie
has a scene inspired by Twilight.
The 2013 Filipino
resembled some Twilight scenes.
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