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新目标八年级英语(上)units 11-12 复习资料
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新目标八年级英语(上) units 11-12 复习资料 unit 11 could you please clean your room? 目标语言:make polite requests and ask for permission 重点句型: could i please use your computer? & sorry, i am going to work on it now. &well, could i watch tv? &yes, you can. but first you have to clean your room. &&&&&&&&& i like washing the car because i can be outside. &&&&&&&&& i went to your house, but you weren&t in. &&&&&&&&& i need some help. 重点词组:do the dishes, sweep the floor, take out the trash, make your bed, fold your clothes, clean the living room, go to the movies, stay out late, use the car, get a ride, work on, do chores, buy some drinks and snacks, borrow some money, invite my friend to a party, go to the store, use your cd player, take care of, 知识点: 1.礼貌地请求别人的许可 could you please+动词原形?could you please open the window? yes,sure. could you please+动词原形?could you please use your car? yes, you can. will/would you please+动词原形? 2.help的用法 help作名词时,是不可数名词。i need some help. help作动词时有如下用法: help sb. do sth.帮助某人做某事 help to do sth 帮助做某事 help sb with sth.帮助某人做某事 invite的用法:invite sb to do邀请某人做某事;invite sb to+地方名词&邀请某人到某地& buy 买,其反义词sell。buy可以接双宾语。&buy+直接宾语+for+间接宾语&,相当于&buy+间接宾语+直接宾语&。直接宾语指物,间接指人,译作&为某人买某物&。 【扩展】类似buy接双宾语,用for连接的动词有sing,make,get等;接双宾语,用to连接的有pass, show, give. 5.have fun译为&玩的高兴&,&过得愉快&。have fun 后接动词时用动词-ing形式;have fun中的fun是不可数名词,可用a lot of修饰。have fun with +n开心做某事;for fun开玩笑地,不认真地;make fun of a person开某人的玩笑 6.feed的用法:&feed+食物+to+动物&意为&以&.作为食物喂养&。 && he often feeds grass to the horse.他经常给那匹马喂草。 && &feed+人/动物+on+食物&意为&以&为食& && his mother fed him on milk when he was a baby.在他是个婴儿时,他妈妈喂他牛奶。 7.have to, must have to有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数has to,而must没有人称或数的变化。 have to有时态的变化,must没有 c)& have to强调客观上&不得不&做某事,must指主观上&必须&做某事。 8.有关take的短语:& take off脱下,起飞;take away拿走,取走;take&to..把&带到&去;take sb for a walk带某人去散步;take exercise运动,锻炼;take one&s time不急,慢慢干;take a bus乘公共汽车;take turns轮流,替换;take-away可带走的;it takes sb some time to do某人花时间/金钱做某事 8.名词所有格 英语中有些名词加&'s&表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词形式称为名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有如下规则:   ①有生命的名词一般加&'s&构成,以s结尾的复数名词加&'&。     tom's bike             the students' bag            ②无生命的名词一般用&所有物+of+所有者&。    a map of japan 一幅日本地图    a door of the classroom 教室的门    the name of the school 学校的名字    the son of my friend 我朋友的儿子    但请注意下列说法的不同含义:       ③表时间、距离、国家、城镇、机构、团体、价格等的名词,可用以上两种方式构成所有格。   ④并列的名词表各自所有,须在各词词尾分别加&'s&;表共同所有,须在后一个名词词尾加&'s&。       tom and jack's car 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人合用)    tom's and jack's cars 汤姆和杰克的小汽车(两人各有一辆) 9.if引导的条件状语从句:主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时。 10.borrow与lend:borrow指&借入&或&借用他人的东西供自己使用&。&向某人借某物&borrow sth from sb或borrow one&s sth.; lend表示把自己的东西&借出&给别人暂时使用。&借给某人某物&lend sb sth或lend sth to sb. 11.agree的用法:agree with sb同意某人的意见;agree to do同意做某事;agree to+n.(表示计划,建议,安排的名词)。 12.some 修饰可数名词或不可数名词。一般用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,一般把some 变为any.在表示请求,建议等语气比较委婉,客气的问句中,用some不用any. 13.message名词, 信息,消息,文电: leave a message for sb给某人留个口信;take a message for sb为某人传口信;give sb a message捎给某人口信 14.宾语从句即在句子中做动词宾语的从句。宾语从句在句子中的位置与简单句的五种基本类型的宾语相同。在宾语从句中,从句必须用陈述句语序,句末用句号,但主句为疑问句时,句末用问号。在宾语从句中,主句是一般现在时,从句可以用所需要的任何时态;而主句的谓语是过去式时,从句必须用过去时的某一种时态。 当主句的谓语动词是think, know, believe时,变否定句时,一般将主句的谓语动词改成否定式,而宾语从句仍用肯定形式。 连接宾语从句的连词除了that之外还有连接词代词who, which, whose,what;连接副词when, where, how 以及if, whether等。& &unit 12 what&s the best radio station? 目标语言:discuss preferences and make comparisons 重点句型: it has the biggest screens. it&s the most popular. it&s the closest to home. it&s the cheapest. it has the friendliest service. it has the most comfortable seats. &what&s the best movie theatre? &showtime cinema. &what&s the best clothing store in town? &why do you think so? &let&s go there. &my sister is the funniest person i know.. who was the best performer? eliza was the best performer. who do you think is the funniest actor? i think jim is the funniest actor. last week&s talent show was a great success. there were fifteen acts. eliza clark won the prize for the best performer. the prize for the funniest act went to steve. the price of a hotel room is about 32oyuan a night. harbin is in the north of china. tourists need to wear warm clothes. there is an ice and snow festival in winter. beijing is not very cold in the winter. &it doesn&t often rain or snow. hotels usually cut their prices in winter. 重点词组:comfortable seats, big screens, friendly service, new movies, close to home, in a fun part of town, clothing store, radio station, in town, by bus, talent show, the prize for, think about, do a survey of, the price of 知识点: 1.形容词的比较级的构成 (1)一般情况+er:cheaper (2)以e结尾+r, nicer (3)重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母再+er,bigger (4)辅音字母+y结尾,把y改i再+er,heavy&heavier 形容词比较级的用法: &&&句中出现两个比较对象时,该用比较级。常见的句型有: &1. a& is +比较级+than b. 意为:a 比b要更&&。例如:he is older than you. &&&mary is happier than tom.。 &&& 2. which / who is +比较级,a or b? 意为:a 和b 哪一个 /& 谁更&&?例如:which is bigger, the moon or the earth? &&& who is taller, you or he? 3. 有时因为被比较对象不需要说出来,句中就会省略&than+被比较对象&,这时要根据上下文的暗示来判断形容词的级别。例如: &&& the woman has a son and a daughter. the son is younger. (younger 后省略了than the daughter )&&& are you feeling better now? (句末省略了than before ) 形容词最高级的构成: 1)一般在形容词词尾加-est. ,new-newest 2)以e结尾+st, nice-nicest 3) 重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母,再+est,big&biggest 4)辅音字母+y结尾,把y改为i再+est,heavy&heaviest 形容词最高级的用法 &&& 句中出现三个或三个以上的比较对象时,则要用最高级形式,最高级的前面一般要加the。常见的句型有: &&& 1. a is the +最高级+of / in ... 意为:在&&中,a最&&。例如: &&& this apple is the biggest of all. 在所有的苹果中,这个最大。 &&& he is the strongest in his class. 他是他们班上最强壮的一个。 &&& 2. which / who is the +最高级,a, b, or c? 意为:在a、 b 、c 中,哪一个 / 谁最&&?例如: &&& which is the heaviest, the horse, the sheep or the cat? 在马、羊和猫中,哪一个最重? &&& who is the youngest, your father, your mother, or your aunt? 在你爸、妈和姑姑三人中,谁最年轻? &&& 值得注意的是,当句中出现三者或三者以上的比较对象时,也可以把其中的一个作为比较对象的一方,而其它的所有的比较对象作为另一方,用比较级形式进行比较。例如: &&& tom is taller than kate and mary.(= tom is the tallest of the three.) 汤姆是三个人中个子最高的。 &&& li lei is older than the other students in his class. (= li lei is the oldest student in his class.) 李雷是他班上年龄最大的学生。 think of, think about: think about考虑,慎思,审查(尤指计划,观念是否可行);think of考虑,思索 the prize for&的大奖 go to相当于be worn by&被&赢得 north china, the north of china: north china华北;the north of china中国北部地区,中国的北面 enough的用法:enough作形容词时,既可作表语,又可作定语。作定语时,前置,后置均可;enough作副词修饰形容词或副词时应后置;enough of结构不直接用在名词前,而只能用于带限定语(冠词,物主代词和指示代词等)的名词前。 and和or: and 和 or都可以作连词,连接并列成分,意思为&和&。and一般用于肯定句。如句子中有三个或三个以上并列成分,and连接最后两个,前面的并列词用逗号隔开;or用于疑问句和否定句,如句子中有三个或三个以上并列成分,前面的并列成分,前面的并列成分用逗号隔开,or只连接最后两个。在否定句中,如果所连接的两个词都有否定词,则用and而不用or。there is no water and no air on the moon. &&
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八年级英语上学期期末复习资料二
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