分析 高中英语介词练习题+which的一个句子

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介词+which引导的定语从句
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介词+which引导的定语从句:定语从句是英语语法中非常重要的内容,在阅读和理解过程中起着极其重要的作用。
定语从句是英语语法中非常重要的内容,在阅读和理解过程中起着极其重要的作用。在多年的教学中,发现学生们经常提的问题就是长句子的理解与翻译, 而这恰恰是考试中的侧重点,也就是出考题的密集点。同时也是学生们在考试中丢失分数的密集点。考试阅读题经常是四、五篇文章,其长句的理解决定着这部分的得分高低。有许多学生阅读能力薄弱,不能透彻地理解英语句子,失分很多。有时,在考试的阅读题里,在长句子下面画线要求对此进行翻译,不仅考理解力,而且考表达能力,在短时间内理解准确,表达流利无误,需要下功夫学习与训练,不是一蹴而就的事情。这部分花时间来钻研,不仅利于考试,而且有利于提高英语运用能力,能极好地促进英语写作,为考试取得好成绩打下坚实的基础。   其中&介词+which&的情况实际上就是which在从句中作介词宾语的情况,更是学生难点中的难点,所以,本文就这一个问题进行系统的讲解。   这种定语从句仍然一定遵循&关系代词指代哪个词,定语从句就修饰那个词&这一原则。对于这类定语从句,我们从以下三个方面来论述。   1.&介词+which&在从句中作状语   这种情况是最常见的。即of是从句中的动词或形容词所要求搭配的,所以of which在从句中作状语。这是,在少数情况下也可以是&短语介词+which&的形式。当&介词+which&在从句中作状语时,&介词+which&必定位于从句的句首,定语从句就从该介词开始。如:   (1)&单个介词+which&的情况,例如:   ①The two elements of which water is made are oxygen andhydrogen.构成水的两个元素是氧和氢。   ②Specific diseases of which these abnormal muscle contractionsare symptomatic will be discussed later.这些肌肉的异常收缩所表征的具体的疾病将在以后加以讨论。   ③Chemistry deals with changes as a result of which it is possibleto form a new substance.化学是论述能形成新物质的那种物质变化的。of与从句中的少数动词或形容词构成固定搭配。常见的这类动词词组或形容词词组如下:   提示:   该结构中&介词&的正确选择方法:   1)由从句中的动词、形容词或名词所确定,如:   ①Copper is one of the metals with which we are most familiar.铜是我们最熟悉的金属之一。(形容词familiar与with连用)   ②How to live longer is a question to which man has tried tofind a good answer for thousands of years.如何才能长寿, 是人类数千年来力图寻求良好答案的问题。(名词answer与to连用)   下面列出一些常见词汇与介词的搭配情况:   2)由被修饰的词所确定,如:   ①He signed an agreement under which he would be entitledto a commission on sales.他签订了一项协议,这可使他获得销售佣金。   ② The language teachers association provides a mediumthrough which ideas can be shared and discussed.语言教师协会提供了一种交流和讨论意见的媒介。   3)根据整个句子所要表达的含义来确定,如:   The substance in which there are many electrons is a goodconductor.含有大量自由电子的物质,是良导体。(这个in并不是那个词所特需的)   Inasmuch as this book has been written primarily for peopleto whom the material is new,l feel such an approach is pedagogicallysuperior.   由于本书主要是为没有学过这个内容的人编写的, 所以我感到这样的方法从教学法角度讲是很优越的。   (2)&短语动词+which& 的情况,常见的形式如下:   in terms of which by means of which as a result of which according to which   2.&介词+which&在从句中作定语   这种情况并不常见。在从句中作定语时&介词+which&一般并不出现在从句的句首,而是在从句中。如:   ①No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmittedin any form or by any means without the written permission ofthe copyright holder,application for which should be addressed tothe Publishers.未经版权所有者的书面许可, 本书的任何内容均不得以任何形式或用任何手段进行翻印或传播:若要提出申请,应提交给出版社。(这里which代替了the written permission)   ②More than one hundred elements two thirds of which aremetals have been found so far.到目前为止,人们已发现了一百多种化学元素,其中三分之二是金属。(of which 在此修饰从句的主语two thirds;但which代替了more than one hundred elements,所以定语从句是从elements后面开始。)   3.of which在定语从句中的情况   of which与上述一般的&介词+which&的情况是一样的,它在从句中有以下两种功能:   (1)of which在从句中作状语。   (2)这时,of which只能位于从句的句首。of与从句中的少数动词或形容词构成固定搭配。(详见以上of which在从句中作状语)又如:   Since the eye cannot focus on objects closer than the nearpoint,this sets a limit to the magnification of which the eye is capable.由于眼睛不能聚焦于比近点还近的物体, 这就限制了眼睛所能实现的放大量。   (3)of which在从句中作定语,这中情况比较常见。   1)of which在从句中修饰主语。   a.表示&所属&:这种情况最常见,这时,of which一般位于从句的主语后面。在这里,有必要把whose和of which结合起来讲解,这样有利于理解of which。作为关系限定词,whose既可指人,也可指物,既可用于限制性定语从句,也可用于非限制性定语从句。   whose指人。如:   ①That&s the man whose house was burned down.那就是住房被烧的人。   ②This is George,whose class you will be taking next week.这就是乔治,你下周将听他的课。whose指物。如:   ①That&s the new machine whose parts are too small to beseen.是肉眼看不见其微小部件的新机器。   ②This factory,whose workers are all women,is closed forpart of the school holidays.这个工厂,由于工厂工人都是妇女,常在学校假期关闭一段时间。   关系限定词whose在正式语体中常为of which所代替,用于指物。如:   That&s the new machine the parts of which are too small to beseen.(译文同上)   也可以把of which直接置于先行项之后:   That&s the new machine of which the parts are too small to beseen.(译文同上)又例如:   ①I saw some old buildings whose windows were all broken.我看见一些老房子,门窗都破损了。   ②I saw some old buildings the windows of which were allbroken.(译文同上)   ③I saw some old buildings of which the windows were allbroken.(译文同上)   提示:   如果of which所修饰的词前没有no,any,各种代词等时,它一般就可用whose来替代,但whose只能放在被修饰的词前面,且被修饰词前面的冠词要去掉,如:Mechanics is the physical theory the task of which (=whosetask) is to describe motion. 力学,是一种旨在描述运动的物理理论。   为了加强语气,也可把of which放在从句主语的前面(这并不多见)即,   ①Mechanics is the physical theory of which the task (=whose task) is to describe motion.   ②The earth is a planet of which the surface (=the surface ofwhich=whose surface) is surrounded by a layer of atmosphere.地球是一颗其表面被一层大气包围着的行星。   b.of which表示&其中&(即部分与整体的关系)之意时,绝不能用whose 来替代。常见的形式是& 不定代词、数词等+of which&, 关系代词除which 外,还可以是whom,whose,主要如下:   one of which... either of which...each of which... neither of which...some of which... many of which...afew of which... much of which...both of which... most of which...all of which... none of which...any of which... the first of which...a part of which... the most important of which...   ①The body is composed of specialized groups of cells,thefirst of which are called tissues.人体是由各种特殊的细胞群构成的, 其中第一种被称为组织。   ②This idea can be readily applied to members of the animalkingdom,all of whom maintain about the same temperature andhave about the same density.这一概念可容易地应用于动物王国的成员中, 所以这些成员保持着大约相同的体温,同时具有大致相同的密度。(注意: 由于定语从句修饰的是动物, 所以使用了whom而不是which。)   ③The storekeeper in the neighborhood,some of whom hadalready been robbed,asked for more police protection.附近商店的店员们请求警方给予更多的保护, 因为他们当中的有些人曾被抢过。   ④The residents,all of whose homes had been damaged bythe flood,were given help by the Red Cross.这些居民们的家全被洪水冲毁了, 他们得到了红十字会的帮助。   ⑤The eighty-nine passengers all escaped without serious injury,four of whom were Americans.89名乘客全部脱险而没受重伤,其中有4个是美国人。   提示:   若为了加强&其中&的含义,并且从句主语不是某些不定代词或被no,any,各种代词修饰时,可以把of which放在从句主语前。如:   ①The first stage of the rocket has a total mass of 12,000 kg,of which 9000kg(=9,000kg of which) is fuel.该火箭第一级的总质量为12000千克,其中9000千克是燃料。   ②When testing ended on 25 November 1973,the total operatingtime was 374,580 hours,of which the last 104,580 hours (=the last 104,580 hours of which) were failure-free.当日试验结束时, 总的工作时间为375580小时,其中最后的104580小时是无故障时间。   如果of which在从句中修饰there be句型的主语的话,它只能放在从句的句首。如:   There are different substances,of which there is indeed anenormous number.(世界上)有着许多不同的物质,事实上其种类甚多。(ofwhich在从句中是修饰an enormous number的。)   2)of which在从句中修饰表语时, 一定要放在从句的句首。如:   Faraday joined the City Philosophical Society,of which hebecame a very keen member.   法拉第加入了伦敦自然科学研究会, 他成为该会一位很热心的会员。
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关系副词(wherewhen与“介词+which”的区别 
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高考英语备考:定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解
09:27:49 来源:新东方在线
  2015年正在紧张的备考阶段,的学习依然至关重要,不仅靠知识的积累和运用,同时也需要学习的方法和做题的技巧,为了帮助广大考生攻克高考英语的学习,新东方在线为大家整理了高考英语复习资料和解题技巧,以下是《高考英语备考:定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解》,供考生们参考学习。  1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high
mountains.  A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were  【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。  【分析】最佳答案是C,around which were high mountains
是一个由&介词+which&引出的非限制性定语从句,而在该从句中,主语是 high mountains,around which
是表语,所以句子谓语应用复数were,而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目(答案均为C):  (1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit
shops.  A. which is B. it is C. which are D. them are  (2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city
police station.  A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are  (3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice
restaurants where we can have Chinese food.  A. which are B. it is C. which is D. them are  2. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, &Is there a hospital
around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand&  A. that B. which C. where D. what  【陷阱】容易误选 B,认为 around 是介词,选 which 用以代替前面的名词 hospital,在此用作介词 around 的宾语。  【分析】最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错,但问题是,照此分析,此句的意思即为:有没有这样一个医院,我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤?这样的语境显然有点不合情理,因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤,而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选
C 的理由是:句中的 around 不是介词,而是副词,意为&在附近&;其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词
hospital,句意为:附近有没有一家医院,我可以去治我的手伤?  3. David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like.  A. that B. who C. as D. whom  【陷阱】此题容易误选A,许多同学一看到题干中的such,再联系到选项中的 that,便认为这是考查such … that
…句式。况且,这样理解意思也还通顺。  【分析】最佳答案为C,不是A,因为在such … that … (如此……以至……)结构中,that 引导的是结果状语从句,并且 that
在从句中不充当句子成分,若在上句填入 such … that …,句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下:as
用作关系代词,用以引导定语从句,修饰其前的名词 boy,同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like
的宾语,句意为&所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩&。有的同学可能还会问,假若选A,能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢?不能,因为当先行词受到
such 的修饰时,其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导,而不用that。比较下面一题,答案为A,因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him:  David is such a good boy _________ all the teachers like him.  A. that B. who C. as D. whom  请再做以下试题(答案选D):  It was not such a good dinner _________ she had promised us.  A. like B. that C. which D. as  4. The buses, most of _________ were already full, were surrounded by an
angry crowd.  A. that B. it C. them D. which  【陷阱】容易误选 C,用 them 代指 the buses。  【分析】最佳答案是D。most of which were already full 为非限制性定语从句,修饰 the
buses。类似地,以下各题也选D:  (1) His house, for _________ he paid $10, 000, is now worth $50, 000.  A. that B. it C. them D. which  (2) Ashdown forest, through _________ we’ll be driving, isn’t a forest any
longer.  A. that B. it C. them D. which  (3) This I did at nine o’clock, after _________ I sat reading the
paper.  A. that B. it C. them D. which  类似地,以下各题选 whom,不选 them:  (4) George, with _________ I played tennis on Sundays, was a warm-hearted
person.  A. that B. him C. them D. whom  (5) Her sons, both of _________ work abroad, will come back home this
summer.  A. that B. who C. them D. whom  (6) I met the fruit-pickers, several of _________ were still university
students.  A. that B. who C. them D. whom  5. He had a lot of friends, only a few of _________ invited to his
wedding.  A. whom B. them C. which D. who  【陷阱】容易误选 A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。  【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 invited
并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。当然,假若在 invited 前加上助动词 were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A。比较:  (1) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________
carried out in their work.  A. which B. them C. what D. that  答案选B,none of them carried out in their work 是独立主格结构,其中的 carried out
为过去分词  (2) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, none of _________ were
carried out in their work.  A. which B. them C. what D. that  答案选A,none of them were carried out in their work
是非限制性定语从句,注意与上例比较句中多了一个助动词were。  (3) They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of _________
were carried out in their work.  A. which B. them C. what D. that  答案选B,由于两句之间增加了一个并列连词but,使得该句成了一个并列句。  6. On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents seated together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。  【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似,their parents seated together joking
不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词 seated 不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为 seat
作动词用时,是及物动词。比较以下相似题:  (1) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents were seated together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  选B。whose parents were seated together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为其后有完整的谓语 were
seated。  (2) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, and
_________ parents were seated together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  选A。因为句中有并列连词and,整个句子为并列句。  (3) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents sitting together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  选A。their parents sitting together joking 为独立主格结构。  (4) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents sat together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  选B。whose parents sat together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语 sat。  (5) On Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, _________
parents were sitting together joking.  A. their B. whose C. which D. that  选B。whose parents were sitting together joking 为非限制性定语从句,因为句中有完整的谓语 were
sitting。  7. If the man is only interested in your looks, _________ just shows how
shallow he is.  A. as B. which C. what D. that  【陷阱】容易误选A或B,误这是非限制性定语从句。  【分析】正确答案为D,注意逗号前是一个条件状语从句,逗号后是该状语从句的主句,that 在此代表前文所述的情况,用作主句的主语。类似地,下面几道题也选
that,而不选 which:  (1) If you promise to go with us, _________ will be OK.  A. as B. which C. and it D. that  (2) If you want a double room, _________ will cost another £15.  A. as B. which C. what D. that  (3) Whether you go or not, _________ is quite all right with me.  A. that B. which C. and it D. so  (4) When I say two hours, _________ includes time for eating.  A. as B. which C. what D. that  本文选自新东方在线论坛  更多、、、、的复习方法,请关注新东方在线高考网,我们将在第一时间发布2015年最新信息以及2015年的最新动向!
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定语从句的关系副词与介词+which的互换不清楚,能为我讲一讲语法吗?
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这个语法的窍门在于,找出从句部分,然后看从句和被修饰的先行词,也就是那个名词之间形成什么关系。如果从句中缺少主语或者宾语,就要用关系代词来引导。关系代词可以表示人或者物。如果从句中缺少的是状语,就要看先行词在从句中作什么状语,表达时间的地点的还是原因的,然后用相应的关系副词来引导从句即可。介词+关系代词可以用来替换关系副词。替换时的窍门在于,看从句中的谓语动词或者整个句子和先行词之间形成什么关系,再去确定改用什么样的介词来加关系代词。比如:This is the book ____I found many useful sentences for writing.I found many useful sentences for writing 是一个完整句,不缺少主语或者宾语,那么它和先行词the book之间存在的关系就是在书中,这样一个地点的关系,所以我们可以用where来引导。但是,我们也可以说I found many useful sentences for writing.是 in the book这样的关系,所以这样,我们就可以用介词in + which来引导此句。因为book是一个物,而不是人。所以再回头看你自己给出的句子就知道问题出在哪里了。we worked on the farm 这样一个从句和happy time之间的关系肯定是在这个欢乐的时光中的,所以只能用during which来引导,而不能直接用which来描述。time在从句中没有做主语或者宾语。当然也不可能作!!work的宾语不能是time。
可以先把这个从句拆成两个句子We will never forget (the happy time).During (the happy time) we worked on the farm.第二个句子写成The happy time we worked during on the farm.分析一下主谓宾,The happy time 就没法解释,而且也没法翻译。
(1) &介词+关系代词&可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句。&介词+关系代词&结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等,关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词,在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如:     This is the boy whom she has taken care of.  (1) 如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词,关系代词一般只用that,不用which。例如:  All the people that are present burst into tears.    (2) 如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰,关系代词常用that,不用which, who,或whom。例如:  This is my first time that I have seen her.    (3) 非限制性定语从句中,不能用关系代词that,作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如:  The boy,who is good at soccer,comes from Xinjiang.  That necklace,which you gave me as a present,was lost yesterday.    (4) which还有一种特殊用法,它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句,代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中,which可以作主语,也可以作宾语或表语,多数情况下意思是与and this 相似,并可以指人。例如:    He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.    (5) that可指人或物,在从句中作表语,(指人作主语时多用who)仅用于限制性定语从句中。    (6) 如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体,关系代词用若是指集体中的各个成员,则用who。    (7) 先行词有两个,一个指人,一个指物,关系代词应该用that。例如:    The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.    (8) 如果先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,关系代词应该用 who 或whom.     Is there anyone here who will go with you?
同学你好,欢迎你到新东方问吧提问,你的问题解答如下:下面写的句子不正确。which指代的是the happy time,下面的句子during后面直接加on the farm,造成了歧义:当在农场的时候。这时which在定语从句中就没有地位了。during which其实等于when。所以可以改写成:we'll never forget the happy time when we worked on the farm. 如果同学有意愿学习北美留学类考试,欢迎到北京新东方VIP北美项目学习,我们这里有1对1的老师给你提供专业的指导和建议。---------------------------------------------------------------------------获取更多信息欢迎登陆北京新东方北美vip官网查询/publish/portal24/tab8635/?s=dc,或拨打电话400-817-1818咨询。
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