由于arnold自身是基于摄像机光子预算，不支持灯光GI。所以制作caustic效果，官方建议使用aiSky环境hdr贴图来模拟。Skip to end of bannerGo to start of banner Skip to end of metadata Go to start of metadata1、焦散效果主要在aiStandard材质的折射refractive 选项中，需要开启折射预算，才能看到焦散效果。With the correct setup, caustic effects are possible using Arnold. This short tutorial goes through how to setup a scene that contains a glass marble with Refractive Caustics enabled in the Standard shader assigned to it. The scene uses a Sky shader which is sufficient to ‘light’ the scene with GI Diffuse rays. However, this is a rare example to demonstrate the refractive caustic effect. It is generally recommended that you use a Sky Dome light to light an external scene.‘Hard’ caustics from small but bright light sources (e.g., a spot light through a cognac glass) are not currently possible.下面解释了arnold渲染器的光原理，主要是说，基于camera光子运算，不支持灯光光子GI。Arnold uses simple, uni-directional path tracing. Rays start at the camera, not at the lights. Arnold does not use bi-directional path tracing (nor any other bi-directional technique, such as photon mapping, which fires rays from the lights). When using standard lights, like point lights and spot lights, which are idealized lights with zero area, i.e. point lights, it is simply impossible for Arnold’s GI/reflection/refraction rays to hit the lights. Therefore, there are no caustics. However, it is possible to turn point lights and spot lights into finite-size lights by increasing their ‘radius’ parameter, which makes them spherical lights, which give beautiful soft shadows and soft highlights. It should then be possible for GI/reflection/refraction rays to ‘see’ those lights, right? Well, no. In Arnold, lights do not have a corresponding geometric object that’s stored in the geometry database that rays traverse during ray-scene intersection. So, area lights are still invisible to GI/reflection/refraction rays.Instead of using Arnold’s standard lights, you can create a Sky shader, connect a HDR map to it, and let the GI engine ‘find’ that light. You will then get caustics.The scene file used in this tutorial can be found here (requires a HDR map).2、下面介绍了aiSky 环境球材质，会自动预算焦散效果光子。所以可以在渲染器设置中，为环境创建aiSky，一个替代补偿的方式是使用物体灯光mesh light 为场景布光，之后，可以渲染物体光源为全景环境贴图，再用于aiSky对场景照明。注意：为了减少噪点，增加光子量，要尽量为环境多添加带有明度信息的色彩，同时，要确定一个主光最强的区域用于焦散运算。aiSky Shader3、在aiSky node属性中个，一定开启’Visible in Refractions’ 选项，否则没有caustic效果。Start off by creating a Sky shader. Connect it to the Environment so that it renders in the scene.Ensure that ‘Visible in Refractions’ is enabled for the Sky shader, otherwise the caustic effect will not be visible through the glass.Also ensure that ‘Visible in Diffuse and Glossy’ are also enabled. This way the HDR map will ‘light’ the scene with Gi Diffuse rays and it will also be visible in the glossy reflections of the glass marble.Connect a HDR map to the color of the Sky shader. Use a HDR map that has a high dynamic range light source, such as the sun. This will give us a better caustic effect.ObjectsCreate a polygon plane and assign a Standard shader to it. This will be our floor plane on which we will see the caustic effect.Create a sphere and position it so that it sits on the plane in the center.4、在标准aiStandard 材质中，修改Refraction 标签中国的IOR折射率，Assign a Standard shader to the sphere that we want to generate the Refractive Caustics. We are going to make this a glass shader. Before we do that, we must first ensure that the Opaque flag is disabled. Select the sphere and disable Opaque in the Arnold attributes.Lower the Diffuse value to 0. Increase the Specular Weight to 1 and lower the Specular Roughness to 0. Increase the Refraction Weight to 1 and change the IOR to that of glass (1.5).Next we will add a colored tint to the shader. Add some color to the Transmittance color of the glass Standard shader.5、在材质球caustics选项下，打开折射属性下的’Enable Refractive Caustics.'进行焦散运算。Refractive CausticsTo see Refractive Caustics through our glass, we must enable them in the Standard shader that is assigned to our glass mesh. Caustics can be found below Emission in the Standard shader. Enable ‘Enable Refractive Caustics.’You can see the difference when enabling Refractive Caustics in the images below.Enable Refractive Caustics: DisabledEnable Refractive Caustics: Enabled6、降噪的方式，增加全局Diffuse sample值。reduce NoiseTo reduce noise in the Refractive Caustics, you must increase the number of GI Diffuse Samples. The images below show the difference between rendering Refractive Caustics with three and eight GI Diffuse Samples. Be careful when using this attribute as the render times will increase dramatically when you increase this value.Diffuse Samples: 3 (11 seconds)Diffuse Samples: 8 (44 seconds)7、增大焦散效果的光强方法。是通过增加Advanced选项卡中Bounce Factor弹跳因子，同一增大GI光子能量。即可得到高亮的焦散光。同是结合折射IOR折射率，来调整焦散区域大小。附录：透明物体折射率表丙酮 1.36 阳起石 1.618 玛瑙 1.544 玛瑙, 苔藓 1.540 空气 1.0002926 酒精 1.329 紫翠玉 1.745 铝 1.44 琥珀 1.546 锂磷铝石 1.611 紫水晶 1.544 锐钛 2.490 红柱石 1.641 硬石膏 1.571 磷灰石 1.632 鱼眼石 1.536 绿玉 1.577 文石 1.530 氩 1.000281 沥青 1.635 光彩石 1.574 斧石 1.675 蓝铜 1.730 重晶石 1.636 斜钡钙石 1.684 蓝锥 1.757 苯 1.501 绿玉石 1.577 磷(酸)钠铍石 1.553 磷铝钠石,银星石 1.603 嗅 (液态)1.661 青铜 1.18 方解石 1.486 钙霞石 1.491 二氧化碳 (气体)1.000449 二硫化碳 1.628 四氯化碳 1.460 锡石 1.997 天青石 1.622 白铅 1.804 Acetone 1.36 Actinolite 1.618 Agate 1.544 Agate, Moss 1.540 Air 1.0002926 Alcohol 1.329 Alexandrite 1.745 Aluminum 1.44 Amber 1.546 Amblygonite 1.611 Amethyst 1.544 Anatase 2.490 Andalusite 1.641 Anhydrite 1.571 Apatite 1.632 Apophyllite 1.536 Aquamarine 1.577 Aragonite 1.530 Argon 1.000281 Asphalt 1.635 Augelite 1.574 Axinite 1.675 Azurite 1.730 Barite 1.636 Barytocalcite 1.684 Benitoite 1.757 Benzene 1.501 Beryl 1.577 Beryllonite 1.553 Brazilianite 1.603 Bromine (liq) 1.661 Bronze 1.18 Calcite 1.486 Cancrinite 1.491 Carbon Dioxide (gas) 1.000449 Carbon Disulfide 1.628 Carbon Tetrachloride 1.460 Cassiterite 1.997 Celestite 1.622 Cerussite 1.804铁镁尖晶石 1.770 玉髓 1.530 白垩 1.510 球菱铁 1.630 氯 (气体)1.000768 氯 (液态)1.385 铬,绿色2.4 铬,红色2.42 铬,黄色2.31 铬 2.97 金绿玉 1.745 蓝铜 1.500 绿玉髓 1.534 黄水晶 1.550 斜帘石 1.724 钴,蓝色 1.74 钴,绿色 1.97 钴,紫色 1.71 硬硼钙石 1.586 铜 1.10 铜氧化物 2.705 珊瑚 1.486 堇青石 1.540 刚玉 1.766 赤铅 2.310 水晶 2.00 赤铜 2.850 寞黄晶 1.633 钻石 2.417 透辉石 1.680 白云石 1.503 蓝线石 1.686 硬化橡皮 1.66 硅钙铀钍 1.600 脂光石 1.532 翡翠 1.576 翡翠, 合成熔化 1.561 翡翠, 合成水疗 1.568 顽辉石 1.663 绿帘石 1.733 乙醇 1.36 普通酒精 1.36 蓝柱石 1.652 长石, 砂金石 1.532 Ceylanite 1.770 Chalcedony 1.530 Chalk 1.510 Chalybite 1.630 Chlorine (gas) 1.000768 Chlorine (liq) 1.385 Chrome Green 2.4 Chrome Red 2.42 Chrome Yellow 2.31 Chromium 2.97 Chrysoberyl 1.745 Chrysocolla 1.500 Chrysoprase 1.534 Citrine 1.550 Clinozoisite 1.724 Cobalt Blue 1.74 Cobalt Green 1.97 Cobalt Violet 1.71 Colemanite 1.586 Copper 1.10 Copper Oxide 2.705 Coral 1.486 Cordierite 1.540 Corundum 1.766 Crocoite 2.310 Crystal 2.00 Cuprite 2.850 Danburite 1.633 Diamond 2.417 Diopside 1.680 Dolomite 1.503 Dumortierite 1.686 Ebonite 1.66 Ekanite 1.600 Elaeolite 1.532 Emerald 1.576 Emerald, Synth flux 1.561 Emerald, Synth hydro 1.568 Enstatite 1.663 Epidote 1.733 Ethanol 1.36 Ethyl Alcohol 1.36 Euclase 1.652 Feldspar, Adventurine 1.532长石, 钠长石 1.525 长石, 天河石 1.525 长石, 闪光拉长石 1.565 长石, 微斜长石 1.525 长石, 奥长石 1.539 长石, 正长石 1.525 氟化物 1.56 萤石 1.434 福米卡家具塑料贴面 1.47 石榴石, 铁铝榴石 1.760 石榴石, 铁铝榴石 1.790 石榴石, 钙铁榴石 1.820 石榴石, 翠榴石 1.880 石榴石, 钙铝榴石 1.738 石榴石, 肉桂石 1.745 石榴石, 红榴石 1.760 石榴石, 锰铝榴石 1.810 单斜钠钙石 1.517 玻璃 1.51714 玻璃, 钠长石 1.4890 玻璃, 冠 1.520 玻璃、冠, 锌 1.517 玻璃，打火石, 密集 1.66 玻璃，打火石, 重 1.89 玻璃，打火石, 重 1.65548 玻璃、打火石, 镧 1.80 玻璃，打火石, 轻 1.58038 玻璃、打火石, 介质 1.62725 甘油 1.473 黄金 0.47 硼铍石 1.559 蓝方石 1.502 氦 1.000036 赤铁 2.940 异极 1.614 希登石 1.655 硅硼钙石 1.586 氢 (气体)1.000140 氢 (液态)1.0974 紫苏辉石 1.670 冰 1.309 符山石 1.713 碘水晶 3.34 堇青石 1.548 Feldspar, Albite 1.525 Feldspar, Amazonite 1.525 Feldspar, Labradorite 1.565 Feldspar, Microcline 1.525 Feldspar, Oligoclase 1.539 Feldspar, orthoclase 1.525 Fluoride 1.56 Fluorite 1.434 Formica 1.47 Garnet, Almandine 1.760 Garnet, Almandite 1.790 Garnet, Andradite 1.820 Garnet, Demantoid 1.880 Garnet, Grossular 1.738 Garnet, Hessonite 1.745 Garnet, Rhodolite 1.760 Garnet, Spessartite 1.810 Gaylussite 1.517 Glass 1.51714 Glass, Albite 1.4890 Glass, Crown 1.520 Glass, Crown, Zinc 1.517 Glass, Flint, Dense 1.66 Glass, Flint, Heaviest 1.89 Glass, Flint, Heavy 1.65548 Glass, Flint, Lanthanum 1.80 Glass, Flint, Light 1.58038 Glass, Flint, Medium 1.62725 Glycerine 1.473 Gold 0.47 Hambergite 1.559 Hauynite 1.502 Helium 1.000036 Hematite 2.940 Hemimorphite 1.614 Hiddenite 1.655 Howlite 1.586 Hydrogen (gas) 1.000140 Hydrogen (liq) 1.0974 Hypersthene 1.670 Ice 1.309 Idocrase 1.713 Iodine Crystal 3.34 Iolite 1.548铁 1.51 象牙 1.540 玉, 软玉 1.610 翡翠石 1.665 碧玉 1.540 黑玉 1.660 柱晶石 1.665 紫锂辉石 1.655 蓝晶石 1.715 德国青金石 1.500 蓝宝石 1.61 天蓝石 1.615 铅 2.01 白榴石 1.509 菱镁 1.515 孔雀石 1.655 海泡石 1.530 水银 (液态)1.62 甲醇 1.329 绿玻陨石 1.500 月长石, 冰长石 1.525 月长石, 钠长石 1.535 钠沸石 1.480 软玉 1.600 氮 (气体)1.000297 氮 (液态)1.2053 尼龙 1.53 黑曜石 1.489 橄榄石 1.670 镐玛脑 1.486 蛋白石 1.450 氧 (气体)1.000276 氧 (液态)1.221 红硅硼铝钙石 1.787 珍珠 1.530 方镁石 1.740 橄榄石 1.654 蓝彩钠长石 1.525 透锂长石 1.502 硅铍石 1.650 角铅矿 2.117 塑料 1.460 普列克斯玻璃 1.50 聚苯乙烯 1.55 Iron 1.51 Ivory 1.540 Jade, Nephrite 1.610 Jadeite 1.665 Jasper 1.540 Jet 1.660 Kornerupine 1.665 Kunzite 1.655 Kyanite 1.715 Lapis Gem 1.500 Lapis Lazuli 1.61 Lazulite 1.615 Lead 2.01 Leucite 1.509 Magnesite 1.515 Malachite 1.655 Meerschaum 1.530 Mercury (liq) 1.62 Methanol 1.329 Moldavite 1.500 Moonstone, Adularia 1.525 Moonstone, Albite 1.535 Natrolite 1.480 Nephrite 1.600 Nitrogen (gas) 1.000297 Nitrogen (liq) 1.2053 Nylon 1.53 Obsidian 1.489 Olivine 1.670 Onyx 1.486 Opal 1.450 Oxygen (gas) 1.000276 Oxygen (liq) 1.221 Painite 1.787 Pearl 1.530 Periclase 1.740 Peridot 1.654 Peristerite 1.525 Petalite 1.502 Phenakite 1.650 Phosgenite 2.117 Plastic 1.460 Plexiglas 1.50 Polystyrene 1.55绿石英 1.540 堇块绿泥石 1.540 葡萄石 1.610 淡红银矿 2.790 紫磷铁锰矿 1.840 黄铁矿 1.810 镁铝石 1.740 石英 1.544 石英, 融化 1.45843 硼锂铍矿 1.690 蔷薇辉石 1.735 岩石盐 1.544 橡皮, 肉色 1.5191 红宝石 1.760 金红石 2.62 透长石 1.522 蓝宝石 1.760 方柱石 1.540 方柱石, 黄色的 1.555 重石 1.920 硒, 无定形的 2.92 蛇纹玉 1.560 贝壳 1.530 矽 4.24 矽线石 1.658 银 0.18 硼铝镁石 1.699 绿闪石 1.608 菱锌 1.621 方钠石 1.483 氯化钠 1.544 闪锌 2.368 榍石 1.885 尖晶石 1.712 锂辉石 1.650 十字石 1.739 冻石 1.539 钢 2.50 碳酸镁铬 1.520 钛酸锶 2.410 聚苯乙 1.595 硫磺 1.960 人造尖晶石 1.730 铍镁晶石 1.720 Prase 1.540 Prasiolite 1.540 Prehnite 1.610 Proustite 2.790 Purpurite 1.840 Pyrite 1.810 Pyrope 1.740 Quartz 1.544 Quartz, Fused 1.45843 Rhodizite 1.690 Rhodonite 1.735 Rock Salt 1.544 Rubber, Natural 1.5191 Ruby 1.760 Rutile 2.62 Sanidine 1.522 Sapphire 1.760 Scapolite 1.540 Scapolite, Yellow 1.555 Scheelite 1.920 Selenium, Amorphous 2.92 Serpentine 1.560 Shell 1.530 Silicon 4.24 Sillimanite 1.658 Silver 0.18 Sinhalite 1.699 Smaragdite 1.608 Smithsonite 1.621 Sodalite 1.483 Sodium Chloride 1.544 Sphalerite 2.368 Sphene 1.885 Spinel 1.712 Spodumene 1.650 Staurolite 1.739 Steatite 1.539 Steel 2.50 Stichtite 1.520 Strontium Titanate 2.410 Styrofoam 1.595 Sulphur 1.960 Synthetic Spinel 1.730 Taaffeite 1.720钽铁 2.240 坦尚黝帘石 1.691 特氟隆 1.35 杆沸石 1.530 虎睛釉 1.544 黄晶 1.620 黄晶, 蓝色的 1.610 黄晶, 粉红的 1.620 黄晶, 白色的 1.630 黄晶, 黄色的 1.620 电气石 1.624 透闪石 1.600 硅铍铝钠石 1.496 松节油 1.472 土耳其玉 1.610 硼钠钙石1.490 钙铬榴石 1.870 磷铝石 1.550 蓝铁矿 1.580 水磷铝钠石 1.590 水 (气体)1.000261 浇水 100’C 1.31819 浇水 20’C 1.33335 浇水 35’C(室温)1.33157 矽酸锌 1.690 毒重石 1.532 钼铅矿 2.300 红锌 2.010 锆石, 高 1.960 锆石, 低 1.800 氧化锆, 立方体 2.170 Tantalite 2.240 Tanzanite 1.691 Teflon 1.35 Thomsonite 1.530 Tiger eye 1.544 Topaz 1.620 Topaz, Blue 1.610 Topaz, Pink 1.620 Topaz, White 1.630 Topaz, Yellow 1.620 Tourmaline 1.624 Tremolite 1.600 Tugtupite 1.496 Turpentine 1.472 Turquoise 1.610 Ulexite 1.490 Uvarovite 1.870 Variscite 1.550 Vivianite 1.580 Wardite 1.590 Water (gas) 1.000261 Water 100’C 1.31819 Water 20’C 1.33335 Water 35’C (Room temp) 1.33157 Willemite 1.690 Witherite 1.532 Wulfenite 2.300 Zincite 2.010 Zircon, High 1.960 Zircon, Low 1.800 Zirconia, Cubic 2.170 常见材质的折射率 空气 1.00029 冰 1.31 水 1.3333火鸟论坛% d& h. V z4 t& m5 H; n" A 酒精 1.362 S, n } B H$ O: j 石英 1.4584 玻璃 1.5-1.6; D& h3 A$ o R! e7 k1 @2 v: E 紫水晶 1.54-1.55; v) L) j* v- r) V- {8 ?! w* N 红宝石 1.766 j’ c6 w0 p# e3 g8 ]& i蓝宝石 1.77 水晶 2.00014 g7 Q’ Y: r, f w/ L, V 钻石 2.417) k3 v% g- k: d!v2 T8 U9 U 金红石 2.906南无阿弥陀佛}

专栏/《Arnold阿诺德渲染器快速上手出效果》常用材质篇2021年09月08日 15:25--浏览 ·
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--评论来到阿诺德重点了，材质阿诺德的材质只能在这个路径创建，红框内是标准材质球，一般都是用这个即可一些常用的其它材质，不过99%普通建模都是用标准材质球在材质球的编辑和OC不一样，阿诺德鼠标左键双击出现的是材质编辑器，鼠标中键点击出现的是节点编辑器材质编辑器说明Presets是预设，可以加载，保存和删除你的预设，比如你设置了一个特殊材质球，可以保存预设，这样的好处就是可以打开其它场景，加载预设材质球即可材质Material属性（可以更改材质球的类型）材质Base属性材质Specular属性材质Transmission属性材质Emission属性如果需要材质有纹理贴图，镂空的，或者叠加的，就要鼠标中键，进入节点编辑直接把图片拖进去，直接把贴图（不是黑白那个）拖去节点左边蓝色，就会出现Main，选择Base-Color，贴图就生效了效果如图接着把黑白贴图也拖去蓝色，Main-Geometry-Ctout opacity，这个是修剪透明度效果如图如果想要在同一个物体贴两种图（这种一般很少这样做，可以直接用PS处理好，反正C4D可以直接用PS的图作image，我还是讲一下）假设，我需要一个这样球，贴上我刚刚的镂空幻彩直接把材质球拖过来，就直接变成镂空球了，没有环境球的底纹了需要在Alpha里面，设置Texture是节点里面那个黑白图即可如图所示，效果就出来了（一般咱都会在PS里面处理好了再贴，很少材质叠加）以上就是材质球的材质编辑器的常用设置目录------4}