本文是2021年考研英语一模拟试题(2)，适用于打算报考考研的考生备考使用，考研英语一即原研究生入学统考“英语”，所有学术型硕士研究生和部分专业型硕士考英语(一).Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by
choosing A， B， C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will
probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign： What happens when the
robots come for their jobs?Don‘t dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high
risk of being automated， according to a University of Oxford study， with the
middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or
day care don’t appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking，
financial advice， software engineering — have aroused their interest， or soon
will. The rich own the robots， so they will be fine.This isn‘t to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval
has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn’t go so well
for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms， but it eventually
raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise，
automation should eventually boost productivity， stimulate demand by driving
down prices， and free workers from hard， boring work. But in the medium term，
middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step， as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second
Machine Age， should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from
grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and
more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a
better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work
alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could
make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire
new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to
revive its fading business dynamism： Starting new companies must be made easier.
In previous eras of drastic technological change， entrepreneurs smoothed the
transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of
3D printers and virtual reality haven‘t been invented yet. The U.S. needs the
new companies that will invent them.Finally， because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income
and labor income， taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes on
low-wage labor need to be cut， and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax
credit should be expanded： This would boost incomes， encourage work， reward
companies for job creation， and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few
years， yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers
upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs
would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists‘ opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoided23.Education in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text， the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young
Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is
that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other
source， Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust
has risen toward all media， people may be starting to beef up their media
literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential
campaign， nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the
politically critical state of Michigan was fake news， according to the
University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent
of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at
separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group
survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust”
to verify stories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different
perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people
assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and
actively seeking out opposing viewpoints，” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in
Australia， Britain， and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison
found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political
engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and
immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their
values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in
passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason
given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error，” more so than
made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem
of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via
social media. In other words， the choice to share news on social media may be
the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility
in counteracting this problem，” says Roxanne Stone， editor in chief at Barna
Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president， they reveal
a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share
on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2， many young Americans cast doubts
on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2， Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey， young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misinterpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain‘s
National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both
sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI)
companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very
great， but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech
giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner，
Elizabeth Denham， has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital
trust under the NHS， which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million
patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little
account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further
arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be
carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked
of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about
informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this
case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame
on the NHS trust， since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind
merely “processed“ it. But this distinction misses the point that it is
processing and aggregation， not the mere possession of bits， that gives the data
value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data
that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an
individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the
surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only
when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels
slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not
enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and
save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which
developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the
scale that dugs now can， big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has
done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may
turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to
avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham‘s report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter‘s expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham‘s verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients‘ data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients‘ data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph， the real worry arising from this deal
is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author‘s attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net
loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016， the 10th straight year its expenses have
exceeded revenue. Meanwhile， it has more than $120 billion in unfunded
liabilities， mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many
bankruptcies. Fundamentally， the USPS is in a historic squeeze between
technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its
bread-and-butter product， first-class mail， and a regulatory structure that
denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new
realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert
self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that
whatever else happens to the Postal Service， aspects of the status quo they
depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation
have failed in recent years， leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills
except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats， Republicans， the Postal
Service， the unions and the system‘s heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan
to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS
an estimated $28.6 billion over five years， which could help pay for new
vehicles， among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a
penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into
Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually
pre-funding retiree health care， thus addressing a long-standing complaint by
the USPS and its union.If it clears the House， this measure would still have to get through the
Senate – where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare， bare
minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat， not comprehensive reform.
There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS， a major omission
considering that personnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also
missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That
common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2
billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it， at
least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that
legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term
collapse at the USPS. It is not， however， a sign that they’re getting serious
about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2， the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed
by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph， the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service： Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS： Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections：The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45， you
are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing
from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F
have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869， Congress appointed a commission to select a site and
prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The
commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy
Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the
Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House， the
elaborate French Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected， and
construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of
1871.B. Completed in 1875， the State Department‘s south wing was the first to be
occupied， with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876)， Diplomatic
Reception Room， and Secretary’s office decorated with carved wood， Oriental
rugs， and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing
in 1879， where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors
decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State， War， and Navy Building， as it was originally known， housed the
three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating
and conducting the nation‘s foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth
century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the
United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of
the nation’s most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene
of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in
historical events that have taken place within the EEOB‘s granite walls.
Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt， William Howard Taft， Dwight D. Eisenhower，
Lyndon B. Johnson， Gerald Ford， and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this
building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy， 21
Secretaries of War， and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked
its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell
Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position
in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United
States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury， Alfred B. Mullett， it
was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State， War， and
Navy Departments， and is considered one of the best examples of French Second
Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When
the EEOB was finished， it was the largest office building in Washington， with
nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior
detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire
safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4，000
individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two
stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The
first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of
fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions
led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866， the
construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the
demolition of the State Department building.Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 121、[答案]D Middle-class workers[解析]根据题干中“threatned”和“automation”定位到第一段首句“the annoyi-ng challenge facing the
middle class is one that...for their
jobs”中的challenge和第二段的最后三句话，可以得知相对于低收入者和富人，中产阶级受到的冲击最大.22、[答案]C Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[解析]根据题干可定位到第三段中的首句“this isn’t to be alarmist”和末句“But ... middle-class
workers may need a lot of help
adjusting”，but转折句再一次强调了作者的观点，即中产阶级工人需要很多帮助来调整应对问题.同时，末句中”may need a lot of
help”同义替换成选项C中的“need to be tackled”，自动化带来的问题需要被解决，得出C答案.23、[答案]A creative potential[解析]根据题干中的关键词可定位到第四段第二句“Curriculums—from grammar school to college—should
evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex
communication”.由该句可知，课程应该更关注创造性和复杂的沟通而非记忆事实.所以，应该选C选项creative
potential(创造潜能)，同义替换为creativity.24、[答案]D preventing the income gap from widening[解析]该题考查作者的观点，根据题干中的关键词可定位到第六段第一句“Finally， because automation threatens to
widen the gap between capital income and labor income， taxes and the safety net
will have to be
rethought”.由该句可知，由于自动化加大了资本收入和劳动力收入的差距，所以应该重新考虑税收和安全网(保障措施)，即税收政策应该避免收入差距扩大，选D选项preventing
the income gap from widening.25、[答案]B possible solutions to it[解析]作者在文章第一、二段提出问题“中产阶级受自动化危害最大”之后，第三段的末尾句提出中产阶级需要帮助去适应自动化的发展，接下来第四段至第六段介绍解决方法，最后一段表明作者观点.所以应该选B
选项possible solutions to it(解决问题的相应方法).Text 226、[答案][D] social media as a reliable source of news[解析]双段推理题.根据题目定位到第1段和第2段，双段推理优先考虑双段主旨.第一段中心句为最后一句话：Millennials prefer news
from the White House to be filtered through other sources， not a president’s
social media
platform.“千禧一代喜欢白宫直接发布的消息…而不是总统社交媒体发布的信息”，说明他们不太信任社交媒体.第2段中心为第二句转折之后，说明对于社交媒体的不信任上升.故双段中心都和他们不信任社交媒体相关.结合以上信息，得出社交媒体信息不可靠，选择D.27、[答案][A] sharpen[解析]词汇释义题.根据题目定位到第2段第2句：Yet as distrust has risen toward all media，people may
be starting to beef up their media literacy
skills.句子的情感色彩判断，因为逗号前提到“人们对于所有媒体的不信任增加”，可以推知人们应该开始增强其媒体素养的技能，故选A.28. [答案]B verify news by referring to diverse sources.[解析]范例证明题.根据题干定位至第三段第二句话.因为某项研究一般是论据证明前面的论点，故答案应该位于第一句话“Young people who are
digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at seperating fact from
fiction in cyberspace.”
说明答案应该“和年轻人更容易把网络中的事实和虚假信息区分开来”，故答案为B“验证新闻的真伪”.为了精确可以在论据中去验证，论据中提到“verify
stories”， “cross check sources”和“prefer news from different
perspectives”，都是和多重角度验证信息真伪相关的.29. [答案]C readers’ misinterpretation[解析]事实细节题.根据题干定位至第五段第三句found之后a main reason对应the top reason，而原文剩余信息为“reader
error”， 所以应该和读者相关.Error应该对应misinterpretation， 故答案为C readers’
misinterpretation.若本句不清晰，下句进一步说明答案的内容，文中misintepretation or exerggeration of
actual news进一步印证C为正确答案.30. [答案]A A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[解析]全文主旨题.本篇文章属于篇首转折，二段转折之后为全文主旨，yet之后说道：“Yet as distrust has risen toward
all media， people may be strarting to beef up their media literacy
skills”.“随着对于所有媒体不信任的上升，人们开始增强其媒体素养的技能”，故答案为A.为了验证，可以看篇末，篇末重申主题，so之后讲道“so when
young people are critical of an over-tweeting president， they reaveal a mental
discipline in thinking skills-and in their choices on when to share on social
media.” 更进一步说明和人们批判性看待社交媒体上的新闻相关.Text 331、[答案][B] It failed to pay due attention to patients’ rights.[解析]细节题.根据题干中的NHS， DeepMind和agreement回文定位第一段第四句“It is against that background
that the information commissioner， has issued her damning verdict against the
Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS， which handed over to DeepMind the
records of 1.6 million patients in 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which
took far too little account of the patients’ rights and their expectations of
privacy”.根据a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients’
rights and their expectations of
privacy这一部分的语义信息，说明NHS与DeepMind之间的协议没有充分考虑到病人的权利与隐私.这句话的言外之意就是协议未能充分关注病人的权利.故确定答案为选项B，其中failed
to是took far too little account的同义改写.32、[答案][C] necessary adjustments.[解析]细节题.根据题干中的NHS trust， 以及Denham’s verdict回文定位第二段第二句“The NHS trust has
mended its ways.” 根据第二句的语义信息，NHS trust针对Denham’s
verdict已经调整了其与DeepMind的协议内容，故通过同义替换，可确定正确答案为C.33、[答案][D] the value of data comes from the processing of it.[解析]推理题.根据题干，此题定位在第二段最后一句but之后的转折句.“But this distinction misses the point
that it is processing and aggregation， not the mere possession of bits， that
gives data value”. 这种区分忽视了一个点：是处理和收集赋予数据意义，而不是拥有数据. 选项中的
“processing”和原文中的“processing”原词复现. 选项中的“the value of data”对应原文中的“data
value”.因此，D项为正确答案.34、[答案][D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.[解析]细节题.根据题干此题定位在文中最后一段的第四句.“What matters is that they will belong to a
private monopoly which developed them using public
resources.”重要的是这些进步属于一个私人垄断企业，而私人垄断企来使用公共资源进行研发.而这正真正的担忧所在.因此，选项D为正确答案， the
monopoly of big data by tech giants对应原文中的a private monopoly.35、[答案][B] cautious[解析]态度题.本题考查作者对本文主题“将人工智能应用于医疗健康”的态度.根据顺序性原则定位在最后一段.该段倒数第三句话指出“我们目前依然处于这一改革的前期，并且任何小的选择都会对未来产生深远的影响”，其中“still”一词，以及“small”(小)和“gigantic”(巨大的)对比，都体现出了作者对待整个事件是小心谨慎的态度，因此[B]
cautious为正确答案.Text 436、[答案][B] its rigid management[解析]根据题干判断本题考查因果细节.第一段的前三句都是有关USPS的具体数字，属于细节信息.第四句出现many
reasons很多原因.紧接着下面就有fundamentally根本原因是， 所以定位在第一段的最后一句.然后分析这个长难句，USPS 处在squeeze
between 1 and 2，中，1是technological change， 2是structure. 2的structure后定语从句：denies
management flexibility 对应选项B： rigid management.[干扰项分析]：选项A，budget文中未有涉及. 选项C，虽然有提到technological ，原文technological change
后的定语从句说的是：技术改革降低需求，并没有提到cost成本问题.选项D，the withdrawal of bank support
银行支持撤销了，原文并没有提及银行支持，直接排除.37、[答案][A] the interference from interest groups[解析] 根据题干due to，判断本题考查因果细节.根据题干关键词：USPS fails to modernize
定位到原文第二段最后一句，在这句前leaving，留下，导致这个结果，往前找原因，前一句提到reform legislation， 而且这句前还有this is
why，只要找到代词this指代就可以判断选项.代词往前推，根据这句主干interest groups exerts pressure on
Congress选择选项A，interference 对应 exert pressure on.[干扰项分析]选项B，the inadequate funding from Congress，原文虽然有提到Congress国会，the aspect
of status quo get protected， 国会保护USPS，并没有提及inadequate funding基金不足.选项C，the
shrinking demand for postal service 邮政需求缩减，文中没有提及.选项D， the incompetence of
postal unions 邮政工会的不作为.文章有提到工会，但是只提他们是属于Interest groups，并没有提到无作为.38、[答案][A] removing its burden of retiree health care[解析] 因果细节题.根据38题题干The long-standing complaint by the ....回文定位到第3段，最后一句：“ The
latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding
retiree health care， thus....” .再根据题干中“ can be addressed by”
即：通过哪种方式解决，此处为解题要点，通过哪种方式来解决，前后明显为结果与途径的关系，即可理解为因果关系.文章此句后半句正是题干，thus前半句为答案The
latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding
retiree health care.与 A. B . C .D 四个选项匹配后，正确答案为 A removing its burden of retiree
health care.39、[答案][C] discontent[解析]根据题干可以判断本题为观点态度题.回文定位到最后一段.题干“the author seems to view legislators with”，
具体定位到最后一段倒数第2句：“ The emerging.....is a sign that legislators are getting
frightened.......” 再根据题干，问作者最终态度，本段最后一句，转折句是作者最终的态度：“ It is not， however， a sign
that they’re getting serious about....” ， 即作者认为他们并没有认真对待.所以此处作者态度为否定.匹配A B C D
四个选项 只有C discontent( 不满)为负向信息，所以为正确答案.40、[答案][D] The Postal Service Needs more than a Band-Aid[解析]根据题干特征词“best
title”，这是一道主旨题.根据前四道题问的主题，第一道题和第二道题是USPS出现了问题，并分析原因，第三道题给出解决方法，第四道题提到作者对于这个方法的态度，即提出问题—分析问题—解决问题，并在最后给出作者对这个解决方案的评价.根据这个文章框架，首先A选项“USPS开始错过了它的好时光”，这只是提出问题，相对片面;B选项“USPS：不要动我的奶酪”，
这是拒绝解决问题的态度，不符合文章的写作思路;C选项“USPS：慢性病需要快方法”，这个chronic和quick都没有在文中提到;D选项“USPS需要的不仅仅是权宜之计”，这说的其实作者对于解决方案的评价，在文章最后一段.这段最后结尾有But，有however，
“it[指代前文讲的方法] is not a sign……”，对此作者表示否定态度.所以D选项为正确答案.Part B41、[答案] [E] The Eisenhower Executive Office Building(EEOB) commands a…[解析] E段首先介绍EEOB的全称，对全文进行概述提出话题，可选为41题答案.同时，从给定选项C第一句提到the State， War，and Navy
Building…，the在此特指，可以作为另一一个线索，在E选项中最后一句，复现了the State， War，and Navy
Building....故41题答案选E.42、[答案][G] The history of the EEOB began long before its…[解析]C选项最后一句谈到了many historic events(建筑内呈现了历史事件)，而G选项第一句提到了the history of the
EEOB…(EEOB的历史...)，意思一致，承上启下，故42题答案选G.43、[答案][A] In December of 1869， Congress appointed…[解析]确定G后，根据G选项最后一句，...the demolition of the State Department Building(谈到拆除the
State Department Building)， 而A选项中谈到了select a site and prepare plans and cost
estimates for a new State Department，建立一个新的State Department
Building，前后意思顺接，故43题答案选A.44、[答案][B] Completed in 1875， the State Department’s south wing…[解析] 根据给定的F段，首句是段落大意，该句提到了...as the building slowly rose wing by
wing(该建筑逐翼展开). 而B选项第一句谈到了...south wing was the first to be
occupied(首先坐落在南翼)，然后在B选项最后一句又谈到...moved into the east wing(之后又移至东翼).
先在F段总起，再在B段中分说，前后对应，故44题答案选B.45、[答案][D] Many of the most celebrated national figures…[解析] B段结尾处谈到了where elaborate wall…decorated the office of the
Secretary(这些精美的墙....装饰了秘书处的办公室)，而D段第一句提到了...that have taken place within the
EEOB’s granite walls(历史事件在这些EEOB的墙上呈现)， the wall原词复现，两句话意思一致，故45题答案选D.}

先让美国总统来解释一下大家看到的新闻媒体到底是啥@realDonaldTrump这篇文章会做一下美国主流媒体假新闻的介绍，分类和汇总，让大众更好了解fake news1。讨论范围这篇文章我讨论最近几年美国左翼主流媒体的假新闻。讨论对象包括了CNN，MSNBC，Washington Post, New York Times, Huffington Post, ABC, Vice, Vox等等。2。新闻现象的由来2014年的Mike Brown，一个非裔被白人警察击毙。主流媒体明显为民主党站台，捏造事实，集体传播虚假信息，宣传他是无辜的，他已经举起手（hands up don’t shot)了还被种族主义分子射杀。非裔社区在接触到这些虚假信息之后非常激动，上街抗议，暴乱，种族矛盾激化。而主流媒体却不断煽风点火，还管暴乱叫peaceful protest （that doesn’t look like a protest to me) 非裔抗议的时候双手举起。但其实当时并不是这样子的。事实却是Mike Brown刚抢劫了一个便利店（有视频）然后还试图袭击警察，夺走警察的枪。Wilson警官开枪是完全合法的。从这件事情以后假新闻现象越演越烈。美国很有名的非裔警长David Clarke就认为假新闻是这么诞生的。https://mobile.twitter.com/SheriffClarke/status/806075069961150465然而真正让fake news变成网络流行语，川粉口头禅的来自于川普的第一个白宫press conference。川普获胜后主流媒体一直宣传说假新闻（fake news)影响了美国大选。当时CNN的Jim Acosta 不停的要问川普问题川普说了不会回答他无效后，随口一句“quiet, you are fake news”，而且一说就上瘾了，比之前的system is rigged 通俗易懂。就这样主流媒体原本用来当遮丑布的单词变成了针对他们的武器而且这项武器很有效3。假新闻的种类我认为假新闻大致有四类，第一类是狭义上的假新闻，后三类是广义上的。每类举一个CNN的例子，the most trusted name in fake news 1）传播，乃至反复宣传彻底的虚假信息来达到自己的目的比如宣传了一年多的通俄门，CNN制作人自己承认没有证据，是骗收视率的bullshit 2）存在部分虚假信息的报道比如没在现场却用绿幕PS自己在现场，伪造事故现场，明明是录制好的内容却假装是Live。比如CNN两个人虽然在同一个停车场相隔几个车位却假装用卫星通讯3）selective editing, 删掉或忽视重要内容来扭曲事实的报道。有引用别人说的话不完整的，有故意剪辑掉部分照片，也有掐断别人然后谎称掉线了4）超级党派性，直接无视对自己支持的政客的质疑和问题，严重双重标准比如CNN的Kirsten Powers说“there is an element of sexism” to raise questions of Hillary health或者故意问很有诱导性/捏造的问题然后报道对方拒绝这个问题当作对方有错误。例子1:Megyn Kelley 问川普，“你过去管女人叫胖猪等等”，川普不耐烦的回答“only Roise Odonald” 但是给人造成的印象就是川普被指责管女人叫胖猪，所以他说过类似下流的话。在副总统辩论中民主党候选人Tim Kaine也拿这点怼川普了，再次重复这个捏造的指控。例子2: CNN 记者April Ryan问白宫发言人Sean Spicer 关于川普通俄的问题（又一个捏造的指控）。Spicer不耐烦的再次回答，说所有知情人，不论党派都认为川普没有通俄。如果媒体看见川普晚饭沙拉上有俄罗斯的酱，那这就成了一个与俄罗斯勾结的证据。April Ryan根本不仔细听一直摇头觉得Spicer敷衍了，然后Spicer让她停止摇头。第二天报道全是Spicer不尊敬黑人女性，拿沙拉酱作幌子刻意回避川普通俄的问题。而根据维基解密，一些主流媒体的记者直接跟希拉里竞选团队勾结，甚至稿子给希拉里审阅后才发表一个网民按照CNN对假新闻的定义整理的CNN假新闻https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=-267P5V0pSEYouTube有很多CNN fake news的集合，怪不得川粉最依赖的四个媒体有YouTube呢（剩下三个Fox News， Breitbart，RT）4。精选的假新闻，这里我按板块整理。我会尽量补充上链接，但是其实很多自己上youtube上搜全有。链接会尽量diversify fake news outlets, 如果我用CNN并不代表只有the most trusted name in fake news 报道（造假）过这件事情。如果是知乎回答的话链接等相应source已经在人家的回答或者题目里了。我会慢慢更新，毕竟一下子想不起来这么多假新闻再给介绍一下假新闻机器是怎么运转的如何评价Melania Trump在7月18日共和党大会的演讲？ - 吗看 https://www.zhihu.com/question/48655412/answer/112031266假新闻机器是怎么针对中国的如何看喻惠平《这就是非洲》摄影展中将表情相似的非洲人与非洲动物并列，被西方媒体批判为种族歧视？ - 陈远帆 https://www.zhihu.com/question/67291172/answer/251168890一个跟匿名人士有关的疑似假新闻如何看待特朗普总统关于海地、萨尔瓦多和非洲国家是「屎坑国家」的言论？ - 一头雾水 https://www.zhihu.com/question/265540283/answer/297804737?iam=54690fb8809c62488606c47a993b164b跟选举本身有关的关于死人票和重复投票，这是Pew research的报告，180万死人仍登记为voter，275万人在不止一个周登记，足以证明投票系统需要更严格的监管。http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/legacy/uploadedfiles/pcs_assets/2012/pewupgradingvoterregistrationpdf.pdf然后我们有零星的来自Fox News 以及自媒体的报道，证明民主党在刷死人票和非法移民票。这是Fox News的报道，民主党组织花钱雇佣学生刷死人票，这个人被捕入狱http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2017/08/10/college-student-gets-100-days-in-slammer-for-registering-dead-voters-for-dems.html有可能有上百万非法移民投票墨西哥非法移民投票五次被捕入狱http://video.foxnews.com/v/5319769154001/?#sp=show-clipsICE工作人员解释非法移民怎么刷票的http://insider.foxnews.com/2016/11/30/ice-agent-counterfeit-drivers-licenses-illegal-immigration-voters-registration-elections12年的时候佛罗里达州就有5.3万死人和18.2万非公民注册为voter http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/05/17/florida-voter-rolls-suspected-having-roughly-53k-dead-2600-ineligible.html（顺便说一句，不愧是stronger together。沙特阿拉伯贡献了大量资金，死人和非法移民也都投给了希拉里）https://m.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/19/noncitizen-illegal-vote-number-higher-than-estimat/然而主流媒体却对大选期间的voter fraud 视而不见, 说川普在瞎嚷嚷http://www.msnbc.com/rachel-maddow-show/why-trumps-claims-about-dead-voters-dont-make-senseCNN剪辑过川普的话后变成川普鼓励粉丝重复投票http://www.bizpacreview.com/2016/10/31/cnn-scrambles-cover-selective-editing-false-claim-trump-told-voters-vote-multiple-times-406599在第二场总统候选人辩论中，双方都有黑料爆出来，川普是抓逼（grab them by the pussy), 希拉里是邮件门。对于双方的黑料，ABC和CNN的主持人问了川普5个问题，而只问了希拉里一个问题，还是故意放水的。而且辩论中ABC的主持人不断打断川普，还自己直接和川普辩论，川建国气的直接说你们三打一(“Nice, one-on-three.”)，问主持人你干嘛不问希拉里邮件门“I like to know”. 而且后来发现希拉里在24小时前就拿到了这次辩论的一些问题，媒体泄密的。https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/oct/31/donna-brazile-leaked-2nd-debate-question-wikileaks/https://ijr.com/2016/10/710838-trump-finds-himself-in-3-on-1-debate-after-cnn-moderator-keeps-pulling-unbelievable-stunt/跟俄罗斯侵操纵美国选举有关的年度最大fake news: fake news influenced the election 这是NYT说的：俄罗斯人注册的FB账户散播假新闻影响了美国大选https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/07/us/politics/russia-facebook-twitter-election.html这是斯坦福学者发在Journal of economic perspectives 的，证明假新闻没有影响选举https://web.stanford.edu/~gentzkow/research/fakenews.pdf这篇文章太惊世骇俗了。川普的俄罗斯妄想症http://edition.cnn.com/2017/12/15/politics/donald-trump-russia/index.html如何看待CNN制作人承认【川普通俄】的报道完全是编造的？ - 埃尔文 https://www.zhihu.com/question/61709520/answer/191388386CNN报道俄罗斯黑客操纵美国选举的时候用辐射4的游戏截图Washington Post 在新年报道俄罗斯黑客入侵了佛蒙特州的一个power grid, 威胁到美国电力系统安全https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-hackers-penetrated-us-electricity-grid-through-a-utility-in-vermont/2016/12/30/8fc90cc4-ceec-11e6-b8a2-8c2a61b0436f_story.html?utm_term=.f25069f1b9a7后来承认自己误报（fake news）了https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/russian-government-hackers-do-not-appear-to-have-targeted-vermont-utility-say-people-close-to-investigation/2017/01/02/70c25956-d12c-11e6-945a-76f69a399dd5_story.html?utm_term=.fa73fccf406eABC 的 Brian Ross 报道说Flynn会做证明候选人川普让他去与俄罗斯接触并且直接导致华尔街股票下跌。几个小时后，Brian承认自己说错了是President elect Trump 不是 candidate Trumphttp://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/12/02/abcs-brian-ross-again-under-fire-for-explosive-error-on-trump-flynn.htmlCNN在Comey deliver testimoney前报道Comey会确认川普被调查了，结果并没有连Washington Post都看不下去了报道了CNN的这起假新闻（笑）https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2017/06/08/cnn-succumbs-to-its-own-comey-hype/铀件门如何看待 CNN 三名记者因报道特朗普通俄假新闻而辞职？ - Joshua https://www.zhihu.com/question/61671165/answer/190211744CNN报道的俄罗斯喷子农场（Russian Troll farm) 在FB等社交媒体和Pokemon Go上干预美国大选http://money.cnn.com/2017/10/12/media/dont-shoot-us-russia-pokemon-go/index.html轰动一时的川普莫斯科“黄金浴”丑闻。现在连Washington Post和NYT都跳反说是希拉里竞选团队和DNC花钱雇人编造的https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/clinton-campaign-dnc-paid-for-research-that-led-to-russia-dossier/2017/10/24/226fabf0-b8e4-11e7-a908-a3470754bbb9_story.htmlhttps://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/24/us/politics/clinton-dnc-russia-dossier.html华盛顿邮报这个双标也是经典Sean Spicer 嫌记者April Ryan问他扯淡问题说“stop shaking your head” 然后主流媒体第二天头条全是他歧视黑人女性http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/sean-spicer-carries-tradition-disrespecting-black-women-article-1.3012048https://m.huffingtonpost.com/entry/sean-spicer-april-ryan_us_58daa018e4b07634059f99f1跟维基解密有关的fake news CNN报道9月4日小川（Trump Jr.) 收到Michael J Erickson 发来的邮件，邮件里有一个维基解密链接和一个破解Key后来发现邮件日期是9月14号，而维基解密13号就把这些文件公开了。而且这个人也是捏造的https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/dec/12/trump-jr-leaker-fake-erickson-email-wikileaks-stor/The Atlanta 报道维基解密时故意遗漏重要信息Author Julia Ioffe reported:“It is the third reason, though, Wikileaks wrote, that “is the real kicker.” “If we publish them it will dramatically improve the perception of our impartiality,” Wikileaks explained. “That means that the vast amount of stuff that we are publishing on Clinton will have much higher impact, because it won’t be perceived as coming from a ‘pro-Trump’ ‘pro-Russia’ source.”实际上落下了关键性的半句话“That means that the vast amount of stuff that we are publishing on Clinton will have much higher impact, because it won’t be perceived as coming from a ‘pro-Trump’ ‘pro-Russia’ source, which the Clinton campaign is constantly slandering us with.“https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2017/11/the-secret-correspondence-between-donald-trump-jr-and-wikileaks/545738/CNN的Chris Cuomo说正常人看危机解密是非法的，得通过CNN才行。“Remember, it’s illegal to possess these documents”。他已经成为youtube上的Fake news Icon希拉里的健康问题，邮件门CNN “debunking the conspiracy” http://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/22/politics/hillary-clinton-health-conspiracy-theory-explained/index.htmlhttps://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-fix/wp/2016/09/06/the-questions-about-hillary-clintons-health-are-absurd/当这个候选人多次晕倒需要特工抬走（911现场，去别人家里），在演讲中吐出不明绿色球体，并且在采访时突然剧烈抽搐时，选民有权知道她到底咋回事了(youtube上四处都是，有兴趣自己去看）Times的文章“调查希拉里的邮件门是对全体女性的攻击”还是大学教授写的文章，不过是哪个大学的大家估计都猜到了时代杂志今日撰文称：“希拉里的邮件门是对所有女性的攻击！” - https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/23337266?iam=54690fb8809c62488606c47a993b164b纯粹无脑黑川普的 (AKA Trump Derrangement Syndrome) 相隔三天的两个报道，第一个说如果你按照别人吃牛排的方式判断他的话那么你是川粉。第二个是川普喜欢纯熟牛排，最糟糕的做法。第三个华邮被霍邮误伤了多到数不过来的，没有任何证据的纳粹对比。纳粹是一个很严肃的指控，如果随便用这个指控会让这个单词失去意义也是对二战受害者的不敬。CNN报道川普在日本喂鱼时故意把整盒饲料都扔进去，粗俗无理。而安倍也这么干的http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/06/politics/donald-trump-koi-pond-japan/index.html川普在白宫见“风语者”老兵时开pocahontas 的玩笑是种族歧视。实际上不论是风语者还是风中奇缘的后人都没有生气http://edition.cnn.com/2017/11/27/politics/trump-pocahontas-navajo-code-talkers/index.htmlhttp://dailycaller.com/2017/11/28/descendant-of-pocahontas-not-offended-by-trump-video/川普出去吃牛排没通知媒体是政治不透明https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/aas-trump-leaves-press-behind-steak-dinner-incoming-admin-already-n684511川普比别人多吃了一个冰激淋http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/politics/trump-time-magazine-ice-cream/index.html（当你看的新闻媒体的爆炸性新闻是川普比别人多吃了一个冰激淋球的时候，你看的应该是假新闻）川普批评奥巴马是种族歧视http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-shows-his-true-colors-43888707516川普每天喝很多听健怡可乐，但是同时期纽约发生的恐怖袭击却不报道http://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/2017/12/11/cnn-mocked-for-airing-segment-on-trumps-soda-consumption-while-nyc-faced-terror-attack.html川普关于夏洛茨维尔冲突谴责双方的言论是白人至上主义（CNN 的Van Jones还哭了）http://edition.cnn.com/2017/08/12/politics/trump-charlottesville-statement/index.html 挑拨种族矛盾类CNN把BLM暴乱者把暴乱带到郊区（白人住的地方），烧掉他们的房子的话删掉后变成BLM追求和平https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2016/aug/16/cnn-edits-out-milwaukee-victims-sister-sherelle-sm/CNN的commentator 说DNC不需要白人http://truthfeed.com/video-cnn-commentator-we-dont-need-white-people-running-the-democrat-party/37679/CNN的Ashleigh Banfield 认为一个黑人警察击毙一个黑人是种族歧视驱动的http://dailycaller.com/2015/01/22/cnn-host-asks-if-shooting-of-black-suspect-by-black-cop-was-racially-motivated-video/但是Don Lemon确认为芝加哥市四个黑人青年绑架折磨虐待一个白人确不是邪恶的http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4093360/CNN-s-Don-Lemon-says-Chicago-youths-tortured-mentally-disabled-man-not-evil.html别的propaganda CNN记者对驻伊拉克美军士兵的罪行视而不见如何看待“美军随意射击占领国平民”的报道？ - 竹子林 https://www.zhihu.com/question/265487754/answer/294638257?iam=54690fb8809c62488606c47a993b164bCNN 报道的伦敦绿绿为和平抗议http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4573882/Fake-news-row-Muslim-protesters-TV-crews.html绿绿是真女权化妆成女的的男的（drag queen) 比迪斯尼公主更适合当Role Model https://m.huffingtonpost.com/joy-martinmalone/drag-queens_b_4006697.html这个男胖子化妆成女的举着沾满艾滋病血液的彩虹旗上街闹腾是与社会的歧视和偏见作斗争，是进步https://m.huffpost.com/us/entry/us_57b32f1ee4b0a8e150255f02最后我把纽约时报单独拿出来。NYT彻底虚构的新闻要比CNN少很多，但是是双标玩的最6的一个媒体。这个新闻是让我非常气愤的。这是它报道的旧金山设立慰安妇雕像的新闻。尼玛天天宣传女权，反性侵结果现在倒觉得给20万被无数次强暴，很多最后被残忍杀害的妇女设立一个雕像纪念倒开始顾虑半天了。白左们说好的对性侵零容忍咋不适用于他们不关心的人群？这是同一时间他们关于Moore性侵传言的态度关于中国的假新闻奥运会期间西藏闹腾CNN剪辑图片，跟BLM一样，把暴乱者剪辑掉CNN，washington Post等管新疆特大暴恐事件,昆明暴恐叫ethnic unrest（种族冲突）而不是恐怖袭击http://edition.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/07/06/china.uyghur.protest/index.htmlhttp://edition.cnn.com/2014/05/22/world/asia/china-explainer-xinjiang-uyghur/index.html现在我们已经驶出Very Fake News 进入 Ultra Fake News 了，说的就是雅虎新闻每天头条都是一些让人感觉莫名其妙的反川普宣传，甚至不能用“假新闻”来形容的。比如今天这个（最高赞回答直接打脸配图）点开一看，一个非法移民被遣返了。这根本就不是新闻啊，每天墨西哥一万多人偷渡，每天都有被遣返的，只是一个主权国家执行最基本的法律罢了。第二赞的评论就很客观一个家庭分离确实让人难过，但这不是美国或川普的问题，而是那个男的不应该试图用非法手段来确保他们家庭的未来。这个推送干脆没有内容，就是一个摄影师拍了川普的照片国产的超级假新闻（Hyper fake news）http://www.infzm.com/content/129744知识分子上贾鹤鹏曾经写过文章，标题类似于“特朗普的获胜让主流媒体蒙耻了吗？”。文中说CNN等是认真负责的real News, 川普已经和他们和解了。知识分子连饶毅老师挺韩春雨都没撤稿但是这篇却再也找不到了}