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大连海事大学
硕士学位论文
英版航海通告中名词单复数意义转变的研究
姓名：肖丹
申请学位级别：硕士
专业：外国语言学及应用语言学
指导教师：谭万成
在英语语言学学习过程中，屈折词素“．s"是一个熟为人知的概念．根据英
语语言学中的词素定义，词素“．s’’仅仅使单数名词在数量上发生改变而不会
改变原本单数名词的意思。然而，笔者在海事英语学习中发现，有些单数名词
加上词素“．s"之后意义发生了变化。针对这一语言学现象，已经有学者对科
技英语名词单复数意义的变化做了相关的研究，并且将引起名词单复数转义的
词素“．s"命名为中间类型词素。在前人研究的基础上，本文尝试在海事英语
领域对名词单复数意义的变化进行研究。
笔者以2009年，2010年和2011年三年的英版航海通告为语料建立了一个
包含2，78l，663个词的海事英语语料库(ANMC)，通过Go 0．7)
Tagger(Version
软件和Mon0Conc2．2软件，将全部名词标注并提取出来。借助于《英汉航
海轮机大辞典》，笔者一一地查阅出提取出的名词的意义，将单复数意义发生变
化的名词连同词义一起记录下来，共计532对。通过分析这些单复数意义在词
义范围、虚实性和联想义上的变化，笔者将单复数的转义分为6类，分别是词
义扩大，词义缩小，实词虚化，虚词实化，意象相关，和彻底转变。经过统
计，每一类型所占的比例都被计算出来，在此基础上一些海事英语名词单复数
转义的规律也被总结出来。笔者希望这一研究能够帮助海事英语学习者更快速
高效地学习名词词汇。
关键词：中间类型词素“-s修；英版航海通告；海事英语；名词单复数转义
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当前位置：&>&&>& > 新题型大学英语四级教程--答案
新题型大学英语四级教程--答案
附录二附录二参考答案Unit1Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation()1havebeenreveredasmastersinEuroep(),4arehardertouherandstronerthangg()5ismorebeautifulthanapicture()m6oreofanartistthanofateacher()m9orethanitdidlastyearⅤ.VocabularuilderyB2.BusinessEnlishWordBuildinctivitiesggA()))A　())A　()1C　(2B　(34C　(56C()A　()))))A78C　(9B　(10C　(11B　(12ⅥWriting()2Thereisnothinoremsteriousthangmy()3themainlandofChinahavenotyetestablishedthemselvesasavertronresenceysgp()7laedwithmoredarinhanskillpygt()w;8iserthantobelievewithoutasecondthouhtg:()1.EnlishWritinasicsDiction1ggB:(););););),Exercise(A)astra　　(blickin　　(csoak　　(denveloed　　(eressedygpp,thievedflashed...over):()WExercise(Baeshouldalsoconsiderpublicrelations.(),bThereforeourproosalseemstousunractical.ypp()eEventuallewfadwillrelacethisscootercraze.yanp:()Exercise(C)aThenewsaboutthiselectionscandalwasfirstreortedinthelocalnewsaer.ppp()Nboscientistknowsexactlheretheinformationhihwaillleadus.ywgyw()cCometencealoneshouldbeabletodecidewhetherateachershouldbepallowedtoteach.()dThestockholderscanhardlecredulousenouhtobelievewhattheretold.ybgya()Hcisdevelomentofaseriesofnewresearchmethodsledtohisgreatsuccess.p()Ndotmaneacherscanteacheffectivel.yty()eThemostannoinaskimosedontheyounmatientmotheristheygtpgip含褒义echaninfendlessdiaers.(bestow=授予;..bestowanhonoronggopgthehero)()fThesituationhasbecomevereriousandreuiresimmediateattention.ysq—233—2.WritinctivitiesgATaskA:shortaeoater)gfw(常充当定语。edrastic=激进的/严重的;..adrasticg:,arentsermissiveautocraticandauthoritative.pp,pBasedonthechild-arentsrelationshischoloistshaveidentifiedthreetesofppygyp,apConfrontedb5-ear-oldwhowantstoattendaSaturda-nihtpartermissiveya1yygyTheBestParents:“,b”ParentmihtsaOkauttrottostauttoolate.ermissiveparentsareeitherpgyyynyo,“,indifferenttotheirkidsorsoilthekidstoomuch.AnautocraticparentmihtresondNopgp”ouaretooyounorthat.Endofdiscussion.ygf,Autocraticparentsdictatedowntothelastdetails.Theauthoritativeparentconsidersthe,rebelaainstautocraticparents.Undoubtedlthemostbeneficialtothechildren’srowthisthegyg,wauthoritativestlehichgivesthemleewautalsosetsfirmlimits.Cominownhardonyybgd,childrenfromtheirparents.Ontheotherhandallowinidsfullfreedommeansleavinthemgkg,aeverettetailescalatesminordisareementsintoall-outwarfarendmalienatetheypydgya,rowinild.Onlheparentswhoallowtheirkidsfreedomwithresonsibilitandwithinggwytpy,hdiscilinarimitsavemoreinfluencethaneitherautocraticparentsorpermissiveones.pylTaskB:Childrenwithauthoritativeparentsalwasenoealthnvironmentinwhichtogrow.yjyahye,:“child’sviewointthendecidesYouknowourruleaboutweekends.Weareedona10o’clockpg”curfew.Youcangotothepartifyou’rehomeb0.Kidsmareferpermissiveparentsandyy1ypWorkandpleasurearetwoimortantartsofeverone’slife.Peoleleaddifferenttesofppypyplifebasicallecauseoftheirdifferentattitudetowardworkandpleasure.yb勤劳)hItmaesaidthatrationalandindustrious(umanbeinsaredividedintotwoybg:,;,classesfirstthosewhoseworkisworkandwhosepleasureispleasuresecondthosewhose,themeansoflivinbutkeenaetiteforpleasureeveninitssimlestandmostmodestforms.gppp命运之神的宠儿)bButFortune’sfavoredchildren(elonothesecondclass.Theirlifeisagt,naturalharmon.Forthemtheworkinoursareneverlonnouh.Eachdaisaholidaandyghgegyyworkandpleasureareone.Ofthesetheformerarethemaorit.Theavetheirjyyh,comensations.Thelonoursintheofficeorfactorriniththemastheirrewardnotonlpghybgwyordinarolidaswhentheomeareguardedasenforcedinterrutionsinanabsorbinyhyycpgvocation.,,Inminiontheneedofanalternativeoutlookofachaneofatmoshereisessentialtoyopgp,bothclasses.Indeeditmaellbethatthosewhoseworkistheirpleasurearethosewhomostywneedtochanetheirattitudeonceinawhile.gUnit2Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation—234—附录二()对这次考试成绩的详细分析表明,目前教学还存在着严重问题。1()尽管索尔克博士研制艾滋病疫苗的方式受到批评,但他和他的商业伙伴对成功仍充满信心。2()我们必须考虑选择其他一些饮食模式:减少肉食消费,多食用新型高蛋白豆制品,开发海洋3资源食品。()当今广大民众对科学的兴趣重又燃起,这很大程度上是由于斯蒂芬·霍金及他用简易语言4表述复杂理论的才能。()当看到一些学生的作品得以发表,我尝到了其中的喜悦。5()小笠原亮现年六十五岁,——他曾在一个用是位建筑工人。他至今仍为当年的记忆所困扰—6战俘做实验品的秘密医疗部队服役过两年。()当今,教育及其相关的科研仍是麻省理工学院的主要目标,而且其指导原则与现实世界存在7着一定相关性。()许多第三世界国家,由于失业率高,工资低,出现了工人移居发达国家的现象。8()如果你大学毕业时具备了训练有素的头脑,即使没学到什么有用的东西,你仍会走在前列,9某种意义上也仍是个受过教育的人。()美国每年有数万人,在他们的心脏还足以维持生命的情况下,却因急救不充分而死去。10Ⅵ.Writing2.WritinctivitiesgATaskA:HowtoPreareforanInterviewpJobinterviewistheprocessinwhichyourprosectiveemloercollectsinformationonyouppybskinuestionsandobservinowyougiveanswersandhowyouact.Whetheryoucangetyagqghtheobdeendslarelnyourinterviewperformance.Thesecretofsuccessataninterviewisjpgyorearation—doyourhomeworkfirst.ppHerearesomesuestionsonhowtopreareforaninterview.ggp,Firstbewellrearedforthequestionsmostlikelobeaskedbheinterviewer.Gotoppytyt,thelibrarretonlineandfindoutallinformationyoucanabouttheobandtheoranizationyogjg,ouhoetoworkfor.Thenusetheinformationtopredictthequestionstobeasked.Actuallypyanthinoufindoutabouttheprosectiveemloercanbeusedtoyouradvantaedurinheygyppyggtinterviewtoshowthatyouhavebotheredtomastersomefactsaboutthecomanouhoetopyyp,)Secondwritedown(inEnlish,ifnecessarandrememberthequestionsouwanttoaskgyy/theinterviewersothatouarenotseechlesswhenhesheinvitesourquestions.Trtoasktheypyyserve.ob-relatedquestionsthatsuestyouasahard-workinersonwitharealinterestinthejob.jgggpMakesuretheholidasandparenotthefirstthinstoinuireabout.yyagq,d,c,wAndlastressinneatleanandconservativeclotheshich,toetherwithcalm,g,Prearinoraninterviewisaobinitself-theharderouworkatitthebetterchanceyoupgfjy,mconfidentmannersaelocreateafavorablefirstimression.yhptpwillhaveofgettinheob.gtjTaskB:UnleashYourCreativity—235—reach—noexcetions.p,,ourliveswe’retoldthatcreativitisrareandmsteriousandthatonlrtistsarecreative.Butyyya,scholoistsaftermanearsofresearchhaveconcludedthatcreativitswithineverone’spygyyyiy?I,Areyoucreativefyouarelikemostpeoleouprobablhinkyou’renot.ThrouhoutpyytgTounleashyourcreativitmasterthesestrateies:y,g,uicklthe’reusualloneforever.qyyygCaturin.Newideasarefleetinhrouhyourconsciousness.Ifyoudon’tgrabthempggtgChallenin.Onewaoacceleratetheflowofnewideasistoputyourselfindifficultggyt,wsituationswhereyou’relikelofail.Whenwefailtodosomethinebeintrinutotherytggygo,aroaches.Manideascometeviorouslreatlnhancinhecreativeprocess.ppypgygyegt,Broadenin.Themoreknowledeyouhaveandthemorediversethatknowledeisthegggsubectsyouknownothinbout—anddon’twanttoknowabout.jgadail.yreateryourpotentialforcreativeoutut.Countlessadvancesweremadepossiblebecausetheirgp,creatorshadexerienceindiversefields.Ifyouwanttoenhanceyourcreativitlearnaboutpy,Withnewcreativepowerswe’reallbetterabletosolvethelittleproblemsthattroubleusUnit3Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation()由于森林栖息地的丧失和菲律宾猎人的大量捕杀,这种受到严重威胁的鸟类的野生数量减1到不足一百只。()布鲁克斯的诗歌因深化了个人和社会经历的意义而广受称赞。2()父亲上周买的食品只吃了一小部分。3()通过对一些古老精美材料的巧妙再利用,波士顿市148世纪的芬纽尔大厅得以全面的修复与改观。()如果将光与热分离,冰淇淋即使暴露于镜子的强光之下也不会融化。一种涂于金属反射器5——即所谓的“上的多层特制薄膜—金属冷镜”使这一现象成为可能。()虽然自动化和电子传感技术取得了长足进展,农产品的按质挑选仍主要靠手工完成。6()多年以来,海外一直有人热衷于收集和考察美洲土著人的工艺品。7()在这次探测任务行将结束之际,可能尝试进行具有高度危险性的飞行以进一步探察该行星8的表层情况。Ⅴ.VocabularuilderyB1.VocabularuildinkillyBgS)()下大赌注的超级赌徒;喜爱文化艺术的人群/附庸风雅的11()无息银行贷款2()难以预测3()穷困国家,由水传播的疾病4()充满特技镜头的大片5—236—附录二()电视点播,被谈论的,按收视次数付费,有线电视6)()位于……之首21()用刀刺死2()简述……的形象3()(争论)十分激烈4()罗列出5()蹬车6()用直升机运送7()进入停滞状态8:1.EnlishWritinasicsSentenceBuildinggBg)1ExerciseⅥ.Writing)2Exercise(),,aTheclassicimaeofawriterisofaslihtlemented-lookinersonlockedinanatticggydgp,,scribblinwauriouslordasonend.Naturallhehasafavoritebeat-uewritergayfyfyyptyp,withoutwhichhecouldnotroduceareadableword.Nowadasweknowthatsuchimaespyg?Ibearlittleresemblancetorealit.Butaretheomletelalsenthecaseofatleastoneyycpyf,i,wwritertwouldseemnot.MurielSarkhohasjustturned80,resemblesthisp()Wh,,,,,,,/,,aenandsowherebutwhich,Whenwhowhetherifandas.()A,,,,,blthouh,andandbecausewhoAssothat.g”,stereotical“writerinmanas.Butsheiscertainlotdementedandshedoesn’typywyynworkinanattic.Butsheisratherneuroticaboutthetoolsofhertrade.Infactsheisso,suerstitiousthatifsomeoneusesherpenbccidentsheimmediatelhrowsitawa.pyayty(),u,bIlookedattheblackntamedcattleandtheookedbackatmetheireesglintinylygthrouhtherouhfrineofhairthatfellovertheirface.ggg()Af,cinalobwiththestamsandsherosefromthedeskwithstifflimbsandtiredees.Shejpyrearinartasover.ppgapyw,feltalittledizzbutshelockedthedeskwiththeknowledethatthemostseriouspartofyg2.WritinctivitiesgATaskA:Internet’sInfluenceonOurLifeNowwehavemovedfromaculturecenteredonnetworkTV,phoneswithwiresand,数码)informationonpaertoadiital(societ.TheworldisbeinonnectedontheInternetpgygc,andthereisnogoinack.Globalltherearemorethan200millionpeoleontheNet.Thegbyp:,numbertellstheessenceofthestortheNetisnoloneranoveltaninterestinafygygwyo?H?assinhetime.ThenwhatisitowisitchaninhewaeliveandworkpgtggtywInternetischaninhewaesho.Eventhouhonlineshoineresentsonlggtywpgppgrpya,fractionoftotalconsumersalesthesedaswithsalesestimatedat$184billionwithinthethreey—237—,earsthecurveisheadintraihtu.Andthisisjustasrinboardforafuturethatmostygsgppg:,comuter-userswillenousinemotecontrolouwillfinditeasiertochoosefromavarietpjygryyofstoresinanothercithangotothelocalmall.yt,BesideselectronicshoinInternetismakinantherthinsthatwedoeasierandppggmyog,moreconvenient.SomepeolearealreadonsultinoctorsontheNetinst;hositalsomearelisteninotheradioandwatchinVproramsontheNetsomearepgtgTg;smakinnvestmentandconductinusinessneotiationsontheNettillmorearesendingigbgg,,mletterslainamesakinriendsandhavinonversationsontheNet.Eachofthesepygggfgc,activitiesisimressiveandthecollectiveeffectisadifferentkindoflife.p,s,pSoweareatthebeinninfanewwafworkinhoinlainndggoyogppgyga,communicatin.Forthemomentwearecallinhisphenomenone-lifeandit’sustintime.ggtj,N,Becausethedasaroachinhennoonewilldescribethediitalet-basedcomuter-yippgwgpconnectedworldwithsuchatransitorerm.We’llustcallitlifeandaccetitustasitis.ytjpjTaskB:WhuccessisSoDeartoEveroneySyTherehasneverbeenasinleuniformdefinitionforsuccess.Peolehavedifferentgpunderstandinsofsuccessbecausetheirambitionsandvaluesvarromoneanother.Butonegyf:thinboutitisuniversalsuccessisprecioustoalmosteverone.gay,,senseofaccomlishmentafeelinfprideandapleasureofself-confidence.Theseareallpgoositivefeelinsthatcontributetoyourself-esteemandmakeyoufeelbetter.pg,,,Wecherishsuccessbecauseitteachesusenthusiasm,couraeerseveranceatienceagppWecherishsuccessbecauseachievinuccesssatisfiesabasicpscholoicalneedofhumangsyg:mbeins-feelinoodaboutoneself.Nomattersuccessmactuallrinoneorgggyaybgyf,,businessmen,restieforscholarsoroodmarksforstudentsitinvariablivesthesepeoleapggygpsenseofresonsibilitiesandmantherimortanthumanqualities.Takeanexamleofapyopp,studentwithaveraeintellience.Intheprocessofstrivinforasuccessfultesterformancehegggphastostudersistentlithlotsofzest.Hemustunderstandtheresonsibilitflearninliesypywpyogradualllearnthevalueofcouraeandotimism.gygp,withhimself.Heisboundtoexeriencedifficultiesandincoiniththesedifficultieshewillppgw,Wecherishsuccessbecauseitisnevereasocomeb.Westrivehardweitbecauseweyty,,knowthateveruccesshoweversmalltakesusastelosertoabrihterfuture.yspcgUnit4Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation()在占全国面积一半,人口为全国2居民们必须拨打长达七位数的求救号码,而15%的地区里,且该号码因地而异,可能导致致命的数分钟的延误。()人们积极种植柳树以加固河岸,顶住偶尔发生的水灾;还计划拓宽回水水道以缓解干流在未2来洪水期所承受的压力。()计算机输出信号,,刺激大脑“视觉区”从而使这位完全失明的病人得以识别光亮的图像。3—238—附录二()通过天文镜天文学家看见的是一个荒芜严酷的世界,但他们相信这个世界仍有可能生存着4原始生命。()在美国存在着一种较为常见的平行式生活方式。在这种生活方式中,各民族群体保留着自5己的风俗习惯与社会传统。()在一些国家,居民们生活在共同的传统背景下,而美国人则来自不同的民族。因此相比之6下,可接受的风俗习惯在美国更为广泛。()最会读书的人能消化吸收最多的知识,并将其转化为自己个性的一部分。7()体育运动是英国社交季节的核心,这点绝非偶然。8()现在还不完全清楚金字塔的建造者们是如何使用当时十分原始的工具拖拉垒砌那些巨大石9块的。Ⅵ.Writing:1.EnlishWritinasicsSentenceVarietggBy):2ExerciseRewritethefollowinhortpassaetoachievegreatersentencevariet.gsgy———H?illarndNoratartedclimbinowardthetoain.Wouldtheakeityagysgtpagymketclimbinntiltheeachedthelasticliff.Thenewtheereverlosetotheto.pguyrycykywycp?B,Buthowcloselindinswirlinnowketthemfromseein.Theetclimbinnwa.ItggspgykpgayywasonMa9,1953thattheinalleachedtheto.y2yfyrp———T,hereasonsforDisne’ssuccesswerevariedandnumerousbutultimatelhecredityyt,,Everbodhohadtriedbeforehadfailedandmanadgotkilled.SlowlsteadiltheyywyhyyyoestoWaltDisnehemanwhocreatedthecartoonandbuiltthecoman.Withhisgreatgy—tpy,h—hmanaementabilitesinleandedlioneeredtheconcetsofbrandinndgygyppgamerchandisin.g———Takealookatthecrisisfacinhecities.Atnotimeinhistorastherebeensuchagtyhmassmirationofpeolefromcountrsidetocitsishaeninow.B030,it’sestimatedgpyyappgny2thatmorethantwothirdsoftheworld’spoulationwillbelivinncities—twiceasmanspgiya,,todaAndtwiceasbadwillbetheproblemsfacedbthecities—overcrowdinoorhousiny.ygpg,,unemlomentovertandlackoffoodandwater.Hencetheneedforimmediatesolutions.pypy2.WritinctivitiesgATaskA:?IsEnvironmentalPollutionaCrime,w,,Whenitcomestocrimeeinvariablalkaboutstealinrobbinndkillinandsomeytggag,wotheroffenseshichcausedamaestopeole’spossessionsandlivesandthereforemustbegplealunishment.gpunishedblaw.Probablotmaneoleassociatecrimewithenvironmentalollution.Butinpyynyppp,viewofitsincreasinleriousconseuencesollutionisundoubtedllsoanactthatdeservesgysqpyaAnonewhodoubtsthisneedsonlolookatwhatthenatureissufferinsaresultofyytga,mman’sshortsihtednessandgreed.Eversincetheindustrialrevolutionanhasbeenslowlgyoisoninisenvironmentinthemadpursuitofmaterialthins.Nowtheskisdarkeninithpghgygw—239—;M;chokinndstininirhoverinvercitiesisusedinsecticidesarekillinlantsandwildlifegaggagogpSewae-filledriversarecausinaidlossofdrinkinaterandanvaluablefoodsul-fish.ggarpgwppy,Besidesthesehorriblefactsthereisalsotheenormousfinancialcostinvolvedintheso-,societ.Butontheotherhanditalsopollutedariverbourinewaeintoit.Tosavetheyypgsg,riverthegovernmentmaavetosendamilliononthesewae-treatmentproects.yhpgj,,Sothereisnooverestimatinthelossespollutioniscausinbothdirectlndindirectltoggyaycalledenvironmentalroects.Takeasmallpaer-makinactorsanexamle.Thefactorpjpgfyapymaaveprovidedemlomentforlocaleoleandcontributed100,000yuanincometaxtotheyhpypphumanbeins.Andthereiscertainloexaerationinconsiderinollutionasacrime.It’sgyngggptimetoseriouslarrutenvironmentallawstoprotecttheearth—ourhome.ycyoTaskB:ThePleasureofLearning,foftenfindlifedrndmeaninlessortheerivethemselvesoftheexcitementandyagydpLearninisoneoftheessentialpleasuresofthehumanrace.Thosewhoavoidlearningg,Thepleasureoflearninisuniversaleverwheretobefound.Manfushavetastedthegyyo,oflearninreadininterestinooks.Booksarenolumsoflifelessaerbutavoicefarjyogbyggbppp,,m,,distantintimeandsacetalkintoreadersindtomindhearttoheart.Forbeondbookspgy,pwecanalsoenohefruitsoftravelinrovidedthatwetravelwithanoenmindtojytgp,understandotherpeoleandotherplacesandanalerteeforallkindsofnovelexeriences.pyp,,,Finalllearninlsomeanslearninopracticeoratleasttoareciateanart.Everewygagtppyn,artwelearnblessuswithanewsensebhichwemanohewondersoftheworldmoreywyejyt,w,Ifthepleasureoflearninsuniversalhretheresomanullunhatudentsingiyaydppysfulfillmentinlearninomethinew.gsgnintensel.y?I,,schooltisbecausetheeremadedullbadteachinbisolationburrendertoroutineywybgyysandbheirownlaziness.Thestudentswho“sufferfrom”learninshouldbreakawaromtheytgyf,abondsoftextbooksandtestsndembracevariousotherfieldsofknowledewithrenewedgener.gyUnit5Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation(),.1SometimeswhenIthouhtmelost..gyky()Wh2enthearinheirwiveswiththem,...ymybgt()Wh,.3enIgiveastudentcreditforaobeseciallelldone..jpyw().4..ustwhenIhadcoman.jpy(),.7Facedwithdeseratewaterneeds..p()Wh,.5enIgotintomanaement..g()V,.6iewedthrouhmxerienceofalmost35yearsoflawpractice..gyep—240—附录二(),.8Followinisgraduation..gh().9..deendinntheirstoraecaacit.pgogpy().,.10..workintherownaartment..gapⅥ.Writing2.WritinctivitiesgA()2TaskA:BuildinoodTeacher—StudentRelationshigaGpAgoodteacher-studentrelationshisoneoftheguaranteesforsuccessfulteachinndpiga,,/learnin.Agoodrelationshileadstofruitfulcooerationthatistheteachercanguidehishergppstudentsmoreeffectivelndthestudentscanlearnmoreefficientl.yayAnidealteacher-studentrelationshievercomeseasil.Itdeendsontheconsciouseffortspnypfromboththeteacherandthestudents.Thebestexamlecanbedrawnfrommersonalpypexerienceasacolleestudent.Wehaddeveloedawarm,friendlelationshiithourpgpyrpwalsoadmiredthefactthathesenttimegenerouslithstudentsoutsideofclassroom.Beinpywg,w,ainsiredburteacher’sdevotionestudiedallthemoredilientllwasresectfulandpyogyypolite.Wewerealleaertoshowourareciationboinellinstudies.pgppydgw,Ofcoursethinsareneversosimleandmisunderstandinaccuronceinawhile.Ingpgmyo,hisideaswithpaintinsandrecordinsandonceheevensanonoillustrateapoint.Wegggasgt,EnlishteacherJohnKent.Johnwonusoverwiththesecialeffortshepouredintoourclass.gpHislectureswerealwaswellprearedanddeliveredclearlndimainativeleexlainedypyagy—hp,,,thiscaseahostilerude-bearinttitudewouldneverhel.Bothsidesshouldbekindatientgggappandfrank.Bittinownandhavinoodtalkthereisnotroublethatcan’tworkout.ysgdgagTaskB:?AHowmanlendidplanshaveyoumadeforyourlifendhowmanfthemhavegotyspyo?Whcancelledbecauseyoufeltdiscouraedaboutsomeimaineddifficultiesenwecometothinkgg,ofthesequestionswewillbesurrisedtofindthatmorethanhalfofourdreamshavefailedtopcometruenotbecausewelacktheabilitutbecauseweneveraveitatr.Sometimeswewereybgyrisksandfailures.usttoomuchofacowardtotromethinnredictable.Wewereparalzedbhefearofjysgupyyt,,Ifyoufindyourselfactinikesuchkindofacowardit’sadvisabletoremindyourselfgl,,fromtimetotimetheoldsainothinenturednothinained.Hereisalittleanecdoteyg—Ngvgg:tohelouunderstandthepointAmothertookherthreesonsforanoutintoanearbam.pygyd,Whenthebosaskediftheoulddivedoffanewlonstructedbridetheirreuestwasmetyycycgq,,withadefiniteno.Notonlasita13-footdroothewaterthemotherpointedoutbutywptTakinhancesgC暗礁)theremihtbesubmeredobstacles(thatcouldbeadeathtra.Howeverthemiddlesonggpwasnotconvinced.Athissuestionhiselderbrotherventuredintothewaterandsurveedtheggy,areawheretheantedtojum.Thedethofthewaterwasfineaswellasbeinithoutywppgw—241—obstacles.Theboshadoneofthebesttimesoftheirlivesthatafternoon.yThethreeboswhoventuredintothewatertauhtusadultsavaluablelesson.Torealizeyg,ourdreamsandgoalsweneedtotakecouraeandgrabtheoortunitiestodoourbest.Don’tgppbeblindedbsubmeredobstacles”thatwereprobableverthereinthefirstplace.y“gyn,,Remembernothinenturednothinained.gvggUnit6Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation()对于地球上的任何一种环境,总会有这样或那样的物种与之相适应,并成功地生存下来。1()比起旧的雷达系统,这绝非一个小小的改进。2()他非常大方。3()那位极受尊重的弹道专家的证词根本无法证明是被告开枪杀了人。4()这次实验只能是成功的。5()8Theviewfromthiswindowisnothinhortofsectacular.gsp()9Teacherscan’tbetoostrictwiththeirstudents.()10TheAmericantouristswereanthinuttiht-fisted.ygbg()11Sheisnotnearloprettsyouimaine.ysyag—T1.EnlishWritinasicsoicSentenceggBp()2ExerciseⅥ.Writing()任何国家都不能孤立于国际社会之外,更不能凌驾于国际社会之上。6()7Thispairofshoesisnonetooexensive.p):YPararah(aouustneverknowwhenacellularphonemihtcomeinhand.gpjgy):Pararah(bE-mailisenablinadicallewformsofworldwidehumancollaboration.gpgryn):,,,Pararah(cTravellikebooksCDsandsoftwareisnowbiusinessontheNet.gpgb2.WritinctivitiesgATaskB,,,,,O,TbothFirstandSecondboth,Thirdboth,Andfinallntheotherhandobeinyg,,,U,Dwith,whereasalsodifferentIncontrastnlikeesitep()2TaskA参考范文:?IsOverseasStudoodChoiceforMiddleSchoolersyaG,achoiceformanntellientmbitiouscolleegraduatesinsearchoffurtherpersonalyigg”mdeveloment.Mostofushavecometoaccetthis“oinbroadania.Yetnowadasmoreppggayandmoremiddleschoolstudentsarejoininhearmoroverseasstud.Thisissomethinegtyfygw,w,hOverseasstudithallitsrealorimainedglamourasbecomeanaturalandloicalygg—242—附录二:havetostondthinkaboutisitrealloodforthem?paygThoseparentswhosendtheirlifelonsavinsorevenborrowheaviltosendtheirchildrenpggytostudbroadundoubtedlhinkwesterneducationisthebesttheouldprovidefortheiryaytyc:children.Forthemtheadvantaesofoverseasstudreself-evidentTheelievetheirchildrengyaybthusenoiherstartinointthanthosestudinthome.Somedahentheomehomejyahggpygaywyc,w,withaforeindilomahich,intheeesofcommonpeoleseemstoholdagreatersocialgpyp,,valuetheillstandabetterchanceinthetihtobmarket.Ofcoursetherearealsosomeywgjarentswhosendtheirchildrenabroadjusttoavoidthefiercecometitioninthecolleeppg,Desitealltheseadvantaesoverseasstudtillmaotbethewisestchoiceforboththepgysyn,arentsandthechildren.Firstacommonfamiltruleforyearsundertheheavinancialpysggyf,burdenthatcomesfromthehihtuitionfeeandlivinxensesinaforeincountr.Besidesggepgy,willbenefitfromadvancedlearninacilitiesandexcellentforeinlanuaeenvironmentandgfgggentranceexamathome.teenaersstudinbroadmaunintovariouspscholoicalproblemsfromhomesicknesstogygayryg,inabilitoadattoastraneenvironment.Tocoewithlanuaebarrierculturaldifferencesytpgpgg,andracialdiscriminationallatoncearesimltoomuchforayounvulnerablemind.Asthepygy,areustinthemostformativeyearsoftheirlifeteenaerstendtosufferalotforthelackofjgFromtheaboveanalsiswecanseetheneativeasectsofoverseasstudorteenaersareygpyfgtoogreattobeinored.Parentsshouldthinkmoreseriouslboutsendinheirchildrenforgyagtoverseasstud.Theirdecisionmaaveapermanentinfluenceontheirchildren’slife.yyhTaskB参考范文:Housevs.Home,,Whilewalkinlonstreetouseeneatrowsofhouses.Rainorshinethelwasstandgagayyay,m,o,ythereotionlessandlifeless.Yetnceyouchoosetoenteroneofthehousesouseea—aw:,,,homearm,cozlacealivewithhumanactivitiescookineatinsleeinlauhinndypggpgggacrin.ygHereliethedifferencesbetweenhousesandhomes.Housesarejustbuildinsmadeufgpo,woodstoneormental.Theon’ttakelonobuild.Peolebuildhousesinordertohaveydgtptraditionalfamilducationandparentalcare.yesomewheretolivein.Thewholesinificanceforahouseistoprovidepeoleprotectionfromgp,,coldandstormsaswellasgivepeolesomeprivac.Onceitsoccuantsmoveawathehousepypybecomesvacantandmeaninlessuntilsomeoneelsemovesinaain.gg,h”m,Unlikehousesomesare“rotectiveharboradeoffamilemberslivinoetherpymgtg,,sharinosandsorrowsandcarinforeachother.Suchhomestakealifetimetobuildduringjygghousesaregone.Childrencanalwasgobacktotheirhomesforparentalcomfortortohealytheirsiritualwounds.Grown-uscanalwaslookbackuntheirhomesandfindtherehiddenppypoleasuresoflife.p,whichtimelastinelationshisandfondmemoriesareformed.Sohomeslastlonevenaftergrpg—243—lovinemories.gm,Addlovetoahouseandyougetahome.Let’sallworkhardtomakeourhousesahomeofUnit7Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg2.Translation()显然许多人都希望复制自己。1()没有人赞成从一个新生的克隆儿身上摘取其独一无二的器官(。如果这样做的话,如心脏)2那无异于克隆出一个孩子结果却是去杀死它。()在华盛顿政府,并非人人都认为促成一个更强大的欧洲是明智之举。但对欧洲统一采取勉3强的态度,其后果也是不利的。()科学家对该现象已提出多种不同解释:例如,人在仰视时眼球肌肉发生紧张;月球在地平线4上其他物体的参照下显得较大。但至今尚未得出广为接受的解释。以大幅改善牛的品种质量。()先克隆出高优良胚胎,再将其冷冻起来,然后按农场主要求植入低质量的牛群体内,这样可5()6Ishouldliketohavebouhtoneofhispaintins.gg().7..toseeyourownfuturewouldmake...().8..thefreuentcomlaintofonegenerationabouttheoneimmediatelfteritisinevitable.qpyaⅥ.Writing2.WritinctivitiesgATaskBOnExamPressuredislaedinmanressured”studentsranefrommildannoanceandnervousnesstodeepyy“pgypanxietndsleelessness—allneativefeelinsharmfultoone’sphsicalandmentalhealth.yapggytooeaertogetridofitaltoether.gg,That’swhantudentshavedeveloedahostileattitudetowardtestpressureandareonlymyspyAlmostallstudentsshareastronenseofpressurebeforeexams.ThecommonsmtomsgsypButfortunateloteveronesuffermiserablnderexampressure.Forthosefewwhoareynyyu,abletothinkrationallndotimisticallbouteverthinressurefromtestsmaotbesuchyapyaygpyn,abadthin.Awarethathumanbeinshaveanaturalinclinationtobeidleandlaztheggyywelcomeexampressureasamotivatinorcethatpushesthemtoworkharderforgreatergfchaos.Thekeishowyoutameitandrideit.Togetthishorseofexampressurerunnintoyouryg,,advantaeoushouldfirstreacharealunderstandinfit.Firstexamsaremeanttoexertgygo,ressureonstudentsanditisuitenormaltofeelasenseofpressurebeforetests.Thisindicatespq,ouareworrinboutyourtestperformancebecauseyoureallareaboutit.Secondifyouyygayc,achievements.Thesestudentsoftenemereaswinnersofexamssuccessesinlife.g,,w,wInminionexampressureisastronildhorsehichcancreatemaicaswellasyopgg,,ustkeeorrinnddonothinboutitthissenseofpressurewillleadtoaderessedjpwygagap—244—附录二,unhaentalstate.Bontrastifoutakeyourworriedfeelinsamatteroffactandfocusppymycyga,oureffortontheprearationforthetestthissenseofpressureautomaticallurnsintoaypyt,mositiveforceakinoulearnmoreactivelndpurosefull.pgyyapyThereforeastudentworkinnderpressureisnotnecessarilnunhane.Ifhandledguyappyo,,roerlressurecanprovidemotivationanoortunitolearnmoreknowlede.ppypppytgUnit82.Translation()“计算机”这一概念通常包含那些进行运算或其他数据处理的硬件部分和在实际执行程序时1存储数据和指令的内存储器。()H2euredanddraedhiscomanionuhrouhthewoods....gggpptg()由于难为情,他们很可能对这些礼貌之词置之不理,令对方大为扫兴。3Ⅳ.BilinualStudiesg().,,4..tousetestsotherkindsofinformationorbothinparticularsituation...()一个国家通过确保外国企业家在开发其经济时不受任何阻碍,可以从投资、技术转让及就业5增长的增值效应中获得好处。()一般而言,若能非常准确地界定所要测定的特征,测试则最为有效;反之,测试效果则最差。6()很快你就会见到一份文件,为了这份重要文件好几个人冒了生命危险。它在最后转入官方7人员手中前将会传到我这里。()《一位女士的友情》是她的流失作品之一,最初出版是通过189世纪70年代居于澳洲的作家的——殖民地报刊。正式渠道—()阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦创立了相对论,却未能处理好自己的亲属关系。9Ⅴ.VocabularuilderyB2.VocabularuildinxercisesBEⅥ.WritingTaskA范文:ImortanceofGoal-settinorColleeStudentsAmotivationSeechpgfgp!T,Hello,everonehanksforcominereformseech.Mtoicisaboutoalsettinanyghypypggissueparticularlelatedtoyou—thefirst-earcolleestudents.Fromthemomentousteedyrygypp—245—tosetdefinitegoalsforyourstudndliferihtatthebeinninfyourcolleeeducation.yagggog?F,,,Whssettinoalssoimortantirstofalloalscanheloudobeandexerienceyiggpgpyp,?T,,iveyourselfameaninfulunforettableexeriencehefirststeodosoinminionisgggpptyop,ontothiscamusanew,excitinisodeofyouradultlifestartedtounfoldinfrontofyou.pgep?DHaveyoueverthouhtabouthowyouaregointogothrouhthefollowinouryearsoyouggggf,everthinouwantinlife.Insteadofjustlettinifehaentoyouoalsallowyourselftoygyglppg,takecontrolandmakeyourlifehaen.Thatisoalsaretheguideinyourlonatosuccess.ppggwy,,Ifyouhaveagoalitwouldbemucheasierforoutoknowwhatoushoulddonext.Secondlyyyoalswillheloumanaeyourtimemoreefficientl.Timeoncamusismuchmorefreeandgpygyp,flexible.Andtimeflies.Withoutgoalstokeeouontherihttrackit’seasorstudentstopygyf,wlosecontroloftheirtimeanderinimlesslromonedaoanotherandfinallndingayfytyegup,feelinlikeafailure.What’smoreoalsaretheimetuswhichstimulatesoutomakethemostggpythemselvesintheprocessofpursuinheirgoals.gtofyourpotentialabilit.Manuccessfulpeoleaimhih,strivehardandmakeamiracleofyyspgtherebakinlansandsettinoals.Sometimesyourdreamormissionaearbetoolareymgpggppg,,andtoodifficulttofulfill.Inthatcaseouneedtobreakitdownintosmallershort-termy,oalswhichwilltakeyouforwardsteteoyourfinaldestination.gpbysptTaskB范文ALetterofConsolation:WhSolet’ssetoalsandfollowthrouhonthem.Thinkcarefullatareyourstrenthsandggyg?Wh?Wh?Whweaknessesatdoyouwantinyourlifeatcareerdoyouhoetobuildatp?FrearationsshouldyourmakeforourfuturepositioninsocietindtheanswersandthengetppyyIthasbeenthreeweekssinceyouleftandallourroommateshavestartedtomissyouandy!ourokes.Youalwashadafunnstortotellatbedtimeinthedorm.Howweenoeditallyjyyyjy,Overthepastthreeweeksnothinuchhashaened.EverbodisbusithstudincethegmppyyywysTheteacherknowsallaboutyourcaseandshetoldmethatamakeuestcouldbearranedptg?WAreyoufeelinnetterthesedase’reallconcernedaboutyourhealth.PerhasIgaybyp,don’tknowexactlhatillnessfeelslikebutIguessthatthedasinhositalmustbeborin.ywypg,Dearfriendmid-termexamsarearoundthecorner.Youneedn’tworroomuchaboutmissinheexam.ytgt,mValuableasthestudsoreimortantisyourownbod.Don’tworroomuchaboutyipyyt,lessons.IwillkeellthenotesinclassforouandwhenyouarebackatschoolI’llheloutopaypycatchu.Besuretofollowtheadvicesofthedoctorandmakeapointofdoinomeexercisespgsevera.ydy,,WhatIwanttosaisthatwethefriendsaroundyouarewaitinoryourcominack.ygfgbwhenyouareback.YoursSincerely—246—附录二Unit9　ModelTestTest1PartⅠ　SamleWritinpgThepicturedeictsascenarioinaclassroomwhentheteacheristeachinhestudentsbasicmathpgteuationssuchasmultilicationandastudentquestionsthenecessitflearninhesefundamentalskills.qpyogtInminion,thebasicskillsmustbemasteredbumanmindsnomatterhowthemodernyopyh,,havetheambitiontobuilditwantotheskashihaspossible.Butwithoutthefoundationthoseyupiygtechnoloevelos.Theexansionofknowledeisliketheconstructionofaskscraer.Manfusgydppgypyointohiherplaces.g,thosefoundationbricks.Onlftermasterinhesebasicskillscanourloicandknowledebeextendedyagtgg,Thusitisofprofoundsinificancetolearnthebasicskills.Theadvancedtechnoloisustatooltoggyj,ulouhbricksthebeautifullmazineihtoftheskscraercanonlxistinpeole’simaination.gyrgyaghgypyepgThemultilicationinmath,simleformulasinphsicsandthesmbolsforchemicalelementsareustlikeppyyjconcreteknowledebase.g,beutilizedandmaniulatedbumanminds.Beforewetakeadvantaeofthem,wemusthaveasolidpyhgPartⅡ1.B　2.C　3.B　4.A　5.D　6.D　7.C　8.A　9.C　10.D　11.B　12.D　13.A26.stemsfrom　27.conseuences　28.illustrates　29.sra　30.immediateresultsqpy14.C　15.D　16.B　17.B　18.C　19.A　20.D　21.C　22.B　23.D　24.C　25.D31.failedtopredict　32.beneficial　33.resistance　34.multilied　35.asecondcurep)))H　3))))D　4)O　4)G　4)SectionA　36F　37I　389L　40E　41J　42345CSectionB　46.B　47.E　48.I　49.G　50.F　51.H　52.C　53.D　54.J　55.CSectionCPartⅢ”同时还56.A.细节题。参见文章第二段第二行。“...whatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt””要注意“与“之间的替换。roveustifpjy57.C.上下文理解题。参见文章第三段第二行“Hewillsendmostofisworkinifetinillionsofpglypgm”,”此处的“应理解为警探的“wordsonthousandsofforms...tin...wordson...formsroutineypg”(“)。因此[日常工作”为正确答案。workC]58.D.细节题。参见文章第四段第三行“Excetinvereriouscaseslikemurdersandterroristpys,”,”正确把握“的含义,即可推出遇到这种案件时发attacks...littleeffortissentonsearchinexcetpgp生的情况。”59.B.细节题。参见文章第一段。“...hardleconizeanesemblancebetween...yrgyr现在电视荧屏上的形象之间的差别,故选项D最为合宜。主要讲述的是警探的真实生活和他们出60.D.全文主旨题。上一题为本题作了很好的铺垫。纵观全文,《牛津英语词典》的解释是:61.A.上下文理解题。文章第一段第二句指出:ti7世纪黑社会的行p一词是1”由此可见,说这话的应该是犯法者。formoftheft...。例如他们说:“。而后面的话更加肯定了我们的理解:“话,意思是“给”要么把命给我”oriinallgya“62.C.细节题。参见文章第二段第二句话,...itisnotsuitedtoacountrithoutanestablishedservantyw”,因内战之前,美国还没有形成服务阶层,小费制也就不适合于这个国家。而本句sclass...ervant不难得出答案。class也激活了对void一词的理解,—247—“,n,63.B.细节题。参见文章最后一段第二行,tiinasbecomeuniversalotleastbecauseinanppgh”(指出给小费比较流行,在很大程度上是因为在现代经济越来越不稳定increasinl...totaxreview.gy)的情况下,小费可以为不断壮大的服务阶层提供像工资一样可靠的收入。因此[为正确答案。B]“64.C.上下文理解题。参见文章最后一段第二句:Notsurrisinl...amonhefewdie-hards...pgygt表示怀疑的”最合适。uestionthetiinstem”[C]sketical“qppgsyp本文主要讲述了小费制度的形成过程。注意区分段落主题与全文主65.A.全文主旨题。从全文内容看,旨的区别。PartⅣ,,waswell.Chinahasoeratoo.That’sPekinerahichoriinatedfromBeiinome200yearsaopgOpgjgsg,AsthecradleofmanistinuishedcomosersEuroeisthehometosmhonicmusicandtooeraydgppyppcostumeexositionwillpresentthe200-earhistorfthis“OrientalOera”andtheperformancepyyop,andbrihtcolors.Thematerialsareuniuesoarethetailorinkills.gqgsTest2,m,durinheQinnast.It’saperforminrtcombininininusicdancinndmartialarts.ThegtgDyygagsgggacostumesdatinothelateQinnast.ThecostumedesinadotedexaerationandsmbolicmeansgtgDyygpggyPartⅠ　SamleWritinpgDeveloolleeStudents’CreativeThinkinbilitpCggAy,,develoment.HoweverwhenwecasuallickuewsaerorturnontheTV,kindsofcriticismofpyppanppAsweallknow,theabilitothinkcreativellasacrucialroleinbothindividualandsocialytypy,studentsaregoodinlearninheknowledefromtextbooksbutthereratherweakingeneratinheirgtgyagteducationoerates.p?Iownideastosolvetheproblems.Whatcausesthishenomenonthinktheanswerliesinthewathatourpy,,Ontheonehandthetest-orientededucationmodelistheprimarause.Inthismodelourcolleeycgcolleestudents’lackofinnovationalideascomefloodinooureesandears.Itissaidthatcolleeggtygstudentsareaccustomedtosolvinheproblemsofwhichthestandardanswerisknown,buttheregtyadevelone’screativewafthinkin.poyog,hardltauhttotrtheirownnewideas.Theultimategoalofeducationistogaingoodtestresultsnottoygy,totrheirownnewideas.Whenastudentthinksuewideaonedahewillfinditisnotsoeasoytpanyyttritout.Somewonderfulideasarewoefulllaidwasted.yy,Ontheotherhandschoolsandsocietavenotprovidedenouhoortunitiesforcommonstudentsyhgpp,thinkinbilit.Wemihtstartbaisinhestudents’awarenessoftheissueandthentakeeffectivegaygyrgtsstemtoencouraecreativethinkinnthepartofstudents.yggo,,ameasurestoadustthegoalofcolleeeducationtoprovidemoreoortunitiesndsetuewardjgppparTheeducationalauthoritiesshouldattachgreaterimortancetodeveloinhestudents’creativeppgtPartⅡ1.D　2.C　3.D　4.B　5.C　6.B　7.A　8.C　9.C　10.B　11.C　12.A　13.D　14.D　15.B　16.B　17.A　18.D　19.B　20.D　21.C　22.B　23.B　24.A　25.C26.challene　27.deendenceon　28.hihlutomated　29.roortion　30.dominategpgyapp31.rovision　32.isresonsiblefor　33.eorahical　34.determination　35.vastdimensionsppggp—248—附录二PartⅢSectionA　36.I　37.B　38.J　39.E　40.M　41.H　42.O　43.L　44.F　45.NSectionB　46.D　47.E　48.B　49.J　50.A　51.I　52.D　53.G　54.C　55.G,,56.B.全文主旨题。文中多次出现transmittinculturaltransmissionthetransmissionofculture等核g心词。”(社会上每一代人传给下57.D.细节题。根据第二段第一句“Thegrandtotal...asthecultureofagroup一代人的所有物体、知识、行为方式、习惯、价值和态度等的全部总和就构成了人类学家所经常提及的)群体文化。可知,选项A、生产技术、生活方式价值观念等都属于文化概念的B、C中分别提到的知识、)”范畴。第二段第二句还提到,文化的传递是人类针对其他物种赖以适应环境的“本能(的替代instinct”(来自上58.C.生词推测题。根据第一段最后一句“theculturalheritaefromtheprecedinenerationggg一代人的文化选C。),推断,可传递的且与文化相关的事物很可能是“传统习俗或文化遗产”故)”不属于文化范畴。品,可见选项D中的“生物本能(bioloicalinstinctgSectionC二句“59.D.细节题。参见第一段第一、Manisendlesslnventive.Buthisgreatestinvention...whichyi”(,人类的发明创造力无时不在。然而人类最伟大的发明还是“毫无发明创造”即人们把recededhim.p)从上一代学来的基本行为方式完整地、一成不变地传给下一代的机能。60.D.细节题。参见第二段最后一句“Yetit(culturaltransmission)ismoreflexible...antheryo”(然而文化的传递比本能更灵活、更有生长力;也就是说,文化传递能储存新信息,其速度远远secies.p)超过任何其他物种通过生物进化过程来丰富其本能储备量的速度。的食物价值。(二、三段概述了浮游生物特征,随后两段以k磷虾)为例,进步阐述浮游生物61.D.全文主旨题。第一、rill62.B.细节题。参见第一段最后二句“Inthepotentialfoodvalue....thesea’splanktongeneratesmore全世界陆地草每年产出4而海洋浮游生物的碳水化合物产出量则是其90亿吨宝贵的碳水化合物,)两倍。”(然而,浮游生物的潜在食物价值远胜过陆地上的草。根据一位科学家的估计,thantwiceasmuch.尽管还没有人认真提出“浮游生物包”会像汉堡包一样普及全球。但作为一63.C.细节题。参见第三段:种潜在的可培植的补充食物源,浮游生物正引起海洋科学家的极大兴趣。”。64.B.细节题。参见第四段倒数第3句“becauseoftheirpinkcolor...最后一句。全文对p65.D.细节题。参见第一段第三句、lankton的化学成分是否含有污染物只字未提。PartⅣmonthofthelunarcalendar.Itisatimeforfamilembersandlovedonestogatherandenohefullymjytthelittleonesrunaroundwiththeirrabbitlanterns.ZhoniuJieprobableanasaharvestfestival.gQybgThefestivalwaslatergivenamtholoicalflavorwithleendsofChan-E,thebeautifulladntheygggyi,moon.Inthe14thcentureatinoon-cakesatZhoniuJiewasivenanewmeanin.ThestoroesygmgQggyg,moon-asmbolofabundanceharmonndluck.Adultswillusuallinduleindeliciousmoon-cakeswhileyyayg,,ZhoniuJiealsoknownastheMid-AutumnFestivaliscelebratedonthe15thdafthe8thgQyo,thatwhenZhuYuanZhanasplottintooverthrowtheYuanDnasttherebelshidtheirmessaesingwgyygHanpeole.pthemoon-cakes.ZhoniuJieishencealsoacommemorationoftheoverthrowoftheMonoliansbthegQgy—249—Test3PartⅠ　SamlewritinpgAMotivationSeechp—articularlelatedtoyouthefirst-earcolleestudents.Fromthemomentyousteedontothispyrygpp,camusanew,excitinisodeofyouradultlifestartedtounfoldinfrontofyou.Haveyoueverpgep,!T,Helloeveronehanksforcominereformeech.Moicisaboutgoalsettinanissueyghyspytpg?Dthouhtabouthowyouaregoinogothrouhthefollowinouryearsoyougiveyourselfaggtggf,?T,,meaninfulunforettableexeriencehefirststeodosoinminionistosetdefinitegoalsforggpptyopourstudndliferihtatthebeinninfyourcolleeeducation.yyagggog?F,,,Whissettinoalssoimortantirstofalloalscanheloudobeandexerienceeverthinyggpgpypyg,ouwantinlife.Insteadofustlettinlifehaentoyouoalsallowyourselftotakecontrolandmakeyjgppg,,ourlifehaen.Thatisoalsaretheguideinyourlonatosuccess.Ifyouhaveagoalitwouldbeyppggwy,mucheasierforyoutoknowwhatyoushoulddonext.Secondloalswillheloumanaeyourtimeygpygmoreefficientl.Timeoncamusismuchmorefreeandflexible.Andtimeflies.Withoutgoalstokeeyppstimulatesyoutomakethemostofyourpotentialabilit.Manuccessfulpeoleaimhih,strivehardyyspgandmakeamiracleofthemselvesintheprocessofpursuinheirgoals.gt:WhSolet’ssetgoalsandfollowthrouhonthem.Thinkcarefullatareyourstrenthsandgyg,,wouontherihttrackit’seasorstudentstolosecontroloftheirtimeanderinimlesslromoneygyfgayf,daoanotherandfinallndineelinikeafailure.What’smoreoalsaretheimetuswhichytyegupfglgpsettinoals.Sometimesyourdreamormissionaearbetoolareandtoodifficulttofulfill.Inthatggppgtoyourfinaldestination.,,,caseouneedtobreakitdownintosmallershort-termgoalswhichwilltakeyouforwardsteteypbysp?Foumakeforyourfuturepositioninsocietindtheanswersandthengettherebakinlansandyyymgp?Wh?Wh?WhweaknessesatdoyouwantinyourlifeatcareerdoyouhoetobuildatprearationsshouldppPartⅡ1.B　2.D　3.C　4.A　5.D　6.B　7.C　8.A　9.B　10.C　11.A　12.D　13.A26.treatments　27.rocedures　28.clarit　29.therisksandrealities　30.restrictions　py14.C　15.A　16.B　17.D　18.D　19.C　20.D　21.A　22.D　23.B　24.B　25.D31.medicalualifications　32.infected　33.handicaed　34.Winduith　35.azesintoqpppwgPartⅢSectionA　36.F　37.G　38.K　39.B　40.E　41.O　42.A　43.J　44.I　45.NSectionB　46.H　47.C　48.A　49.D　50.C　51.B　52.G　53.H　54.I　55.FSectionC由于室内正常气压与龙卷风中心低气压的差异,平均每平方英寸有56.D.细节推断题。本文第三段提到,”可推知,紧闭的窗户使内外空气不流通,室enormousinsidepressuremaausethebuildinoburst.ycgt内压力积聚,最后巨大的室内压力导致房屋爆裂。,2磅的向外压力不能被向内的压力抵消。根据第四段第三句“Butifthewindowsareshuttihtlthegy”(二句“若打开楼房窗57.B.细节题。参见第四段第一、Ifthewindowsareoen...outsidethebuildin.pg)户,室内的一些空气可以流出。这将使楼房内外压力得以平衡。,h58.B.细节题。参见第四段第四、五句“Unfortunateleavainandhailoftenoccurinyyr—250—附录二”(不幸的是,雷暴雨往往先带来大雨与冰雹,随后thunderstorms...maausefarworsedamaelater.ycg)便产生龙卷风。所以人们经常要关闭所有门窗以保护室内财产。59.A.生词猜测题。参见最后一段“Beforethiswaterevaoratesitisliftedanaveraeof80feetthrouhpgg,”(这2meantowhichfloor.Quiteaconsiderableachievement.0顿水分在蒸发之前先要沿树干与树枝平均每日上升8试想一下20英尺。如果有人认为这只是小事一桩,0吨的水上升80英尺意味着要)提多少桶水爬多少层楼。trunksandbranches.Anonethinksthisatriflewoulddowelltoworkouthowmanucksitwouldyyb第四句和倒数第四句找到依据。60.C.细节题。选项A、B、D分别可在最后一段的第一句、”(。无人知大型的经济试验)61.D.推断题。本文开始提到欧洲货币统一是“ahueeconomicexerimentgp”(;道“将发生什么)接下来列举了欧元支持者与反对者两方面的看法,参见第whatisgoinohaengtpp”,”。由一段第三句“第二段第一句“ThefansofEMUsa...Thecriticsofthesinlecurrenca...ygysy此可推知作者对欧元的未来保持客观中立的态度。”(他62.A.细节题。参见第二段第二句“Thearnthatacentrallsetinterestrate...tensionsinEuroeywyp)们告诫说,统一的货币利率未必适应于欧元使用区的各个地区,实际上还可能加剧欧洲的经济紧张。63.A.细节题。参见最后一段第一句“Althouheuronotesandcoinswillnotaearuntil1Januargppy”(。故D对(尽管直到2欧元才以纸币或硬币形式出现……)在2欧元还不会以2002...002年,000年,)。纸币或硬币形势流通。64.C.推断题。根据倒数第二段第一句“Theeuroanditsguardian...intheworldeconomndtheya(欧元及其保护者欧洲中央银行将不得不在全球经济和金融体系中证明自己world’sfinancialsstem”y的内容是作者明说的,非暗示,参见第63题。,的价值)这意味着作者暗示欧元在1999年欧元正式成为欧洲统一货币后可能遇到困难。选项A、D而B项望文生义,认65.B.多处细节题。A项在第一段第三句可找到依据;D、C项可在第三段找到依据;“,Fromthenonthevalueoftheeuroaainstthedollarandallothercurrencies...willfluctuateg——将根据市场因素而波动。)外的四个成员国的货币—),为欧元将与美元及其他货币相冲突(此句意曲解了本文倒数第二段最后一句的意思actaainstg”(——包括欧元区以从此,欧元相对于美元以及所有其他货币的价值—accordinomarketconditions.gtPartⅣ,increasinumbersofyouneole.Butastheetoldertheirattitudesmahane.Mortaesoftengngppygycggg,“”,/InChinaNakedmarriaesalsoknownasproert-lessonesareknown,areendorsedaccetedbgpypy,recedemarriaes.Accordinopoularbeliefifamanandhisfamilannotburoertewillpggtpycyppyh,struletofindabride.Inchoosinusbandthree-uartersofwomenconsiderhisabilitoprovideagggahqyt,,dismissesthiscriterion,herfamilndfriendsnottomentionthecountr’sestateaentswillnotletheryayg,homeaccordinoarecentsurvefyouneoleinChina’scoastalcities.Evenifawomanherselfgtyogppforetit.gTest4PartⅠMiewonInternetAsaLearninesourceyVgR,,ourworkandliferowinintoacomrehensivetoolforlearnincommunicationandentertainment.ggpg,WiththedevelomentofinformationtechnoloInternetislainnincreasinlimortantroleinpgypygagyp,AsalearninesourceInternethasquiteanumberofadvantaesovertraditionallearninaterialsgrggm—251—,intheclassroom.FirsttheresourcesontheInternetcanbeeasilccessedandrenewedpromtl.Asayapy,,resultitcancatertothedemandsofthedifferenteolewithitsvaststoreofinformation.Secondmoreppandmorecolleestudentsareusinnternetasanextensionforclassroomlearnin.WepracticeoralggIg,Bestofalllearnin-resourcesontheInternetaremostlree.Peolecandownloadwhattheeedgyfpyn,Enlishskillsbatchinnlishmoviesandimroveourreadinkillbrowsinnlishwebsites.gywgEgpgsybgEginsteadofpainorbooks.ygf,,,wtemtationsforinstanceonlinegamesandsocialchattin.Ifwedon’twatchitejustgetdistractedpg,andloseourself-controlwastinaluetimewithoutaccomlishinriinaltask.gvpgog,makesenseofthednamicconfusinorld.ygw,InminionInternethasbecomepartoflife.WeshouldtakegoodadvantaesoftheInternetandyopg,,HoweverifnotwiselsedInternetmaeativelffectourlearninfficienc.InternetisfullofyuyngyageyPartⅡ1.A　2.C　3.D　4.B　5.B　6.A　7.C　8.C　9.C　10.A　11.A　12.D　13.B26.relativit　27.stretchinrshrinkin　28.arockettrio　29.Ineffect　30.surfaceygogpt14.B　15.D　16.C　17.B　18.D　19.A　20.C　21.B　22.D　23.A　24.B　25.A31.intense　32.demonstrated　33.controversial　34.anexitaswellasanentrance　35.collasepPartⅢSectionA　36.B　37.K　38.I　39.E　40.G　41.M　42.D　43.A　44.N　45.HSectionB　46.F　47.G　48.C　49.J　50.H　51.I　52.B　53.D　54.E　55.E　SectionC。高血压)56.D.全文主旨题。本文主要讨论食盐的过度摄取及其健康隐患(”:五句提到“57.D.推断题。根据第一段第四、Itmakesthebodetainsfluids...heartdiseaseandstrokeyr钠使人体保留体液,体液保留量的增长可提高总血容量,从而导致血压升高。在食盐摄入不受限制的地区,很多人患上慢性高血压,而慢性高血压又是导致心脏病与中风的主要因素。由此可见,食盐是导致心脏病的间接因素。58.C.数字推论计算题。参见第二段第一句“Thebodfanadultneedsonlbout200milliramsofyoyag—,/,”(一个成人每天仅需要2sodiumadatheamountin500milliramsor110ofteasoonofsalt00ygp——相当于5)毫克钠—即十分之一茶勺盐中的钠含量。由此可知,00毫克盐,1茶勺食盐的钠含量是),故选C。其中钠含量可推断为12000毫克(2000×6);根据第1段倒数第2句:),日本北方农民每天食用6茶勺盐(2000毫克(200×10sixteasoonsadapy”可知,权威人士建议大量减少59.B.生词猜测题。根据第二段第三句“ashareductionisrecommendedpr食盐用量;最后一段第一句认为,采纳此建议意味着食品中缺少盐这种调味剂,食品必然淡而无味很难吃。60.C.细节题。参见最后一段第二句“Sosomephsiciansprescribeasarelacementseasoninotassiumypgp,”(因此一些医生建议病人用氯化钾充当替代调味chloridewhichtastessaltutcontainsnosodium.yb)剂,氯化钾有咸味但不含钠。本题询问医生建议病人食用氯化钾的主要原因,选项B(不含钠)并非主要原因。”和第二段第一句“61.A.参见第一段“Protestsattheuseofanimals...thepre-lantedcar-bomb.Thep”(对于用动物做试验的抗议活动在researchcommunitillrihtlealarmedatthesedevelomentsywgybp)对这些发展情况,科研群体完全有理由感到惊恐。——有人试图通过安置汽车炸弹的恐怖手段谋害领命英国科学家。英国出现新的令人生畏的发展迹象——252—附录二62.B.细节题。参见第二段最后一句“Theprofessionalpolicewillsimilarleconfrontedbheusualybyt”()警察同样将面临以往那样大海捞针的困难。roblemoffindineedleinahastack.pgany63.B.指代关系判断题。参见第三段第二句“Thereareseveralstesthatcanbetaken,ofwhichthechiefp”(目前已采取数项措施,其中主要的一项是要求所有以保护动物利益interestsofanimalshatthe...y)””是动词词组“的变异用法,其theoranizations(thatexistswith...animalsthat...demandsthofsbg二段提及有人为抗议利用动物做试验而对科学家采取恐怖活动,警方与64.B.全文主旨题。本文第一、“防御研究协会”随即对恐怖分子展开追查,但破案成功的机率不大。因此作者在第三段提出,研究人员要更加积极自我防卫,采取有效措施,其中一项措施就是要求动物保护协会明确表态不参与暴力活动。参见第三段第二句与倒数第三句“...membersandwould-bemembersshoulddeclarethatthey弃暴力。”中“为修饰othatexistswith...animalsranizations的定语从句。goneistemandofalltheoranizationsthatexistwiththedeclaredobectivesofsafeuardinhegjggt)为明确目标的组织清楚地声明他们在反人类的暴力行为问题上的立场。该长句结构“demandofall”可见作者写作目的是要求动物保护组织放willtakenopartinactsofviolenceaainsthumanbeins.gg二句“65.D.细节题。参见第三段第一、ThatiswhheintellectualcommunitnBritainandelsewhereytyi”(因此无论是mustactmoreactivelinitsowndefense.Thereareseveralstesthatcanbetaken...yp英国还是其他地方的知识分子团体都必须积极行动起来保护自己,可以采取多项措施……)PartⅣsecuritstem,whichinturnholdshiherexectationsfortheworkofcommunitervice.Withtheysygpys,transformationofgovernmentalfunctionstheworkinvolvinocialservicesthatwasinitiallndertakengsyubhegovernmentwillhavetobetransferredgraduallosocialgrousandnon-overnmentalytytpg,toranizations.Ontheonehandhegovernmentwillshouldergreaterresonsibilitiesinitsmacro-,manaementandontheotherhandsocialgrousandnon-overnmentaloranizationswillneedtogpggThedevelomentofChina’ssocialistmarketeconomeuiresthereformofoursocialwelfareandpyrq,involvethemselvesmoreincommunitervice.Conseuentlthereemeredanewissueconcerninowysqygghthegovernmentandsocialrousshouldcollaboratetopromotethedevelomentofcommunitervice.gppysTest5PartⅠ　SamleWritinpgTheBestParents,ermissiveautocraticandauthoritative.p,p:Basedonthechild-arentsrelationshischoloistshaveidentifiedthreetesofparentsppygyp,Confrontedb5-ear-oldwhowantstoattendaSaturda-nihtpartapermissiveparentmihtya1yygyg:“,”PsaOkabuttrottostauttoolate.ermissiveparentsareeitherindifferenttotheirkidsoryyynyo,“,”Esoilthekidstoomuch.AnautocraticparentmihtresondNoouaretooyounorthat.ndofpgpygf,ddiscussion.Autocraticparentsdictateowntothelastdetails.Theauthoritativeparentconsidersthe”Youcangotothepartifyou’rehomeb0.yy1,:“child’sviewointthendecidesYouknowourruleaboutweekends.Weareedona10o’clockcurfew.pg,Kidsmareferpermissiveparentsandrebelaainstautocraticparents.Undoubtedlthemostypgy,limits.Cominownhardoneverettetailescalatesminordisareementsintoall-outwarfareandgdypydg,wbeneficialtothechildren’sgrowthistheauthoritativestlehichgivesthemleewautalsosetsfirmyyb—253—,athemgrowinild.Onlheparentswhoallowtheirkidsfreedomwithresonsibilitndwithingwytpyauthoritativeparentsalwasenoealthnvironmentinwhichtogrow.yjyahyePartⅡ1.C　2.D　3.B　4.D　5.C　6.B　7.A　8.A　9.C　10.B　11.A　12.C　13.D26.essential　27.rinciles　28.constitute　29.rulesofconduct　30.traits　31.confusionpp14.B　15.D　16.D　17.A　18.B　19.C　20.C　21.A　22.D　23.B　24.A　25.C,32.talentenerndpersonalit　33.literature　34.fiures　35.thefoundationoftheirlives　gyayg,discilinarlimitshavemoreinfluencethaneitherautocraticparentsorpermissiveones.Childrenwithpy,malienatethechildrenfromtheirparents.OntheotherhandallowinidsfullfreedommeansleavinyagkgPartⅣSectionA　36.D　37.K　38.M　39.C　40.F　41.B　42.N　43.O　44.A　45.GSectionB　46.E　47.FSectionC48.G　49.A　50.C　51.H　52.J　53.I54.B55.C!”二句“56.C.推断题。参见第一段第一、Themostexcitinindofeducation...thatisimortanttoyougkp(;最令人激动的教育也是最个性化的,没有比自己去发现重要的东西更快乐的事了)第一段倒数第三’”(。句“这些个人知识遭遇就是教育中的回报)Suchpersonalencountersarethe‘aoffineducationpy”,“”,“”由“等词可推知作者认为个人的知识发现是教育中作有价值的部分。excitinoaoffgjypy57.A.推断题。参见第二段第四句“Buttheresearchpaeralsogivesouachanceto...showotherswhatpy”(但是写论文还给你提供机会去将学校作业个性化,使一份作业适合你的兴趣与能力,向oucando.y。别人显示你能做些什么)”、“”可推知,焦虑。58.D.生词猜测题。根据下文中出现的“anxietthreatenindisconcertinygg指令人不安、!”(因此,写一份优秀研究论文是一种既有益又万群令人满足的经thorouhlatisfinxeriencegysygep”(。但是没必要以焦虑情绪对待论文作业,也不应该将论文看作一种有待克服的障碍)overcome,59.C.全文主旨题。参见第二段最后一句“Sotoproduceagoodresearchpaerisbothausefulandap);历。第三段第三句“Buttheseisnoneedtoaroachtheresearchpaerassinment...anobstacletopppg60.A.推理题。参见最后一段最后一句“consideritagoaltoaccomlish,agoalwithinreachifyouusep”(将论文看作一种可完成的目标,只要使用这本书提供的帮助,写论文thehelhisbookcangiveyoupt。由此可推知下文作者将具体指导如何写论文。的目标便可实现)点与结论。不同的人对同样的事物会得出不同的观61.B.全文主旨题。本文主要讨论由于人类知觉与经验的差异,”(人类知觉的62.C.事实归纳题。参见第三段第二句“Variationsinhumanpercetionarewellknown...p);差异众所周知,对此已有广泛的研究。根据最后一段第1句可知,对现实的歪曲是由于我们自身的知)。觉器官强加造成的(thedistortionsofrealitimosedburownpercetualaaratusypyoppp63.A.细节题。参见第二段第二句“Althouhsciencedemandsproofthat...reortidenticalgp”(尽管科学要求有证据表明某位观测者所观察到的东西也能为其他采用同种方式的观测observations);者所观察到,但针对同一现象,不同的观察者是否会做出同样的观测,这一点还不是很清楚。参见第,,”(三段第一句“事实上,我们所有人,包括Thefactisthatallofusscientistsincludedseedifferentl.y。科学家在内,对同样的事物会有不同的看法)64.D.细节题。参见的第四段最后三句“Theadnopriorexerienceofhuesailinhis...Theiryhpggsp”(他们对大型帆船以前从未亲眼见过,但小划船则是他们日常生modeldeterminedtheirpercetions.p活的一部分。划船符合他们的世界模式而帆船则不。他们的世界模式决定了他们对事物的观察)结果。—254—附录二我们多数情况下只能看到我们习惯于看见的事物。假如让某受试者戴上65.C.推断题。最后一段提到,一副颠倒视线的特殊眼镜,一开始他所看到的东西都是上下翻转的;但过了一段时间,由于持续佩戴这种特殊眼镜,受试者的直觉系统就发生了更改,视像都反转过来,世界又变得正常直立了。PartⅤ/,a,ainkbrush,ink,xuanpaerricepaerndink-stoneareessentialtoolsofChinesecallirahlsoppgpy,thouhttobemostrevealinfone’spersonalit.Durinheimerialeracallirahasusedasanggoygtpgpyw,cknownastheFourTreasuresofStud.AsoneofthefourtraditionalfineartsallirahsoftenygpyiCallirahisaformofvisualartwidelracticedandreveredintheChineseculturalshere.ThegpyyppimortantcriterionforselectinheofficialsoftheImerialcourtinancientChina.Unlikeothervisualpgtpconfidentexecution.Sucharethebasicqualitiesreuiredforbeinnofficial.qga,,darttechniuesallcallirahtrokesarepermanentandirreversibleemandinarefulplanninndqgpysgcga听力文字稿Test1SectionA:DirectionsInthissection,ouwillhear8shortconversationsand2lonconversations.Attheendoeachygfconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandquestionswillbesokenonlnce.Atereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Durinhepyofgtanswer.ThenmarkthecorresondinletterontheAnswerSheet2withasinlelinethrouhpggg,,,auseyoumustreadtheourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD)anddecidewhichisthebestpfthecenter.,1.M:Mrs.Brownthankyouveruchforcominothestation.CouldyoudescribethemanwhoymgtW:Oh,Icanonlememberthatthemanwasfatandhewearsalihtblueacket.yrgj?robbedthebankthismorning2.M:YourroommateRosedidn’treconizemeatfirst.g?(Q:WhatdosethewomanmeanC)?(Q:What’stheprobablerelationshietweenthetwoseakersB)pbp?W:I’mnotsurrised.Whnearthdon’tyoulosesomeweihtpyog3.M:I’vedecidedtoreadoneofthearticlesforoureconomicsclass.?Wh?4.W:Youarealmostlate.How’sthecaratdidyoufindoutaboutit?(Q:WhatwillthemanprobablowithhiscarA)yd,W:Youcan’treadustone.Eachpresentsadifferenttheorouknow.jyy?(Q:WhatdoesthewomantellthemandoB)M:Themechanicsaidthebestthinouldbetosellitandgetanewcar.Thecarisalmostdead.gw,?5.W:Youarenotmuchaazzfanareyouj?6.M:IwanttomakealonistantcalltoLondon.Doyouknowhowmuchitwillcostgd?(Q:Howmuchwillaneiht-minutetelehonecalltoLondoncostD)gpW:Eihtyuanforthefirstthreeminutesandthreeforeachadditionalminute.g?(Q:WhatcanwelearnfromtheconversationD),M:It’sfarfrombeinavoritekindofmusicthat’sforsure.gmyf—255—7.W:IshouldcallDonnaandtellheraboutthemeetinhisafternoon.gt?(Q:WhatdoesthemansuestthewomandoC)gg?M:Doyoureallhinkthatiswiseyt?YM:Whotherou’llseeheratlunch.yb8.W:I’mgoinostallnihtstudinormnlishexam.gtyupagygfyEg?(Q:WhatdoesthemanimlA)pyNowyou’llheartwolononversations.gcConversationOne,?W:Whatagreatdadon’tyouthinkyM:Iguessso.Ihadn’tnoticed.IfeelawfulbecauseIwatchedtelevisionuntilaftermidnihtlastniht.gg!D?IuW:AftermidnihtidyouwatchsolatebecauseyouwereboredsuallatchTVonlfIhavegywyinothinettertodo.gb?N,M:BoredoIwasusetbecauseIleftmealticketsinthecafeteria.That’smorethanfiftollarspymyd,?W:SodidwatchinVmakeyoufeelbettergTworthofmealtickets.,M:WellIfeltabitbetterwhileIwaswatchin.Youknow,itsometimestookmindoffmtroubles.gymyW:I’vehadthatfeelinefore.gb,ButafterIturnedtheTVoffIustfeltdisustedwithmselfforwastinomuchtime.jgygsM:Ihadintendedtowatchjustoneproram,butsomehowIcouldn’tmakemselfswitchofftheTV.gybrainthatprocessescomlexinformation,butthatpartbecomeslessactivewhilewatchinV.pgT,W:ActuallI’vereadthatthere’sascientificexlanationforthat.Itseemsthatthere’sapartoftheyp—M:That’scertainlowIfeltlastnihtlikemrainwasn’tverctive.yhgybya,,,W:That’snottheworstofit.IfyouwatchTValotorforalonimethatpartofthebrainImeangtassive.pM:That’sincredible.better.thepartthatprocessescomlexinformation,showsloweredactivitndyoubecomemoreandmorepya,,W:Nexttimeyoufeelusetoushouldgoswimmin.That’swhatIdoanditalwasmakesmefeelpygyM:Isuose.Rihtnow,I’vegottogotothecafeteriaandgetsomemoremealtickets.ppguestions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhaveustheard.Qj?(9.WhasthemanusetC)ywp?(10.WhidthemanfeeldisustedwithhimselfD)ydg11.Accordinothewoman,whathaenstothebrainwhilewatchinV?(B)gtppgTConversationTwoM:Itseemsthatwehavequitedifferentviewsastowhetheracouleshouldsinanareementontheirpgg,W:Yesou’reriht.yg,M:Ithinkthatit’srational.Marriaeisanadvancedformofloveandleallertifinwnershifggycygopowealthbeforegettinarriedreresentsahihdereeofrationalitnthepartofthosegettingmpggyogmarried.beloninsbeforeanddurinhemarriae.gggtgW:Butitdoesnogoodtolove.Acoulegetsmarriedinordertohelachotherthrouhthickandthin.ppeg—256—附录二M:YoumentionedjustnowthatsuchpremaritalareementsarecommoninWesterncountriesandingW:Yes.economicalleveloedreions.ydpg,Iftheakeexitplansbeforehanditonlhowsthattheealllackmutualtrustandcommitment.ymysyryM:IhaveafriendwhoisfromaWomen’sFederation.TheFederationsuortsleallertifinppgycyg,,ownershifwealthbeforegettinarriedforithasreceivedmanomlaintsrelatedtodivorcepogmycpmostofwhichareassociatedwithfinancialdisutes.Suchdisuteshavedelaeddivorcesandforceppyeoletolivetoetherthouhtheadalreadecomestraners.Thatiswhaneolesathatitppggyhybgymyppyisexhaustinogetdivorced.Ifthereisalealcertificationofwealth,thedivorceprocesswillgtgW:Leallertifinheownershifwealthbeforegettinarriedwillhurtthefeelinsofbothsidesgycygtpogmg,M:Somepeolemihthavedifficultccetintheideabutthisshouldnotbeanobstacleforleislatinpgyapggg,W:Ifleallertifinheownershifwealthprovidescertainguaranteestomarriaesdowealsodogycygtpog,?M:Thatwillbeanicechaneofpacewon’titguestions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhaveustheard.Qj?(12.WhatcanweconcludefromthisconversationD)14.WhatdoestheWomen’sFederationdonow?(C)?thesamewithloveforthepractice.becauseitisnothinorethanashelterforfailedloveandtoprotectpersonalinterests.gmbecomemuchsmootherandfaster.?(13.WhosomepeolearovethepracticeofsininremaritalareementsA)ydpppggpg?(15.WhresomepeoleaainstthepracticeofsininremaritalareementsD)yapgggpgSectionB:DirectionsInthissection,ouwillhear3shortpassaes.Attheendoeachpassae,ouwillhearsomeygfgyuestions.Boththepassaeandthequestionswillbesokenonlnce.Ateryouhearaqgpyof,,uestion,oumustchoosethebestanswerromtheourchoicesmarkedA)B)C)andD).qyffThenmarkthecorresondinletteronAnswerSheet2withasinlelinethrouhthecenter.pgggPassaeOneg?J,drinkbutasacureforheadachesbackinthelate1800’sohnS.Pamberton,adruistfromAtlantagg,mbackardixinndheatinifferentcombinationsofoilsandflavorsuntilhefoundonethatseemsygagdromisin.pgPambertonbottledthemixtureandbeansellintindrustoresasaconcentratedsruhattheggigyptcustomerhadtomixwithwaterbeforedrinkin.Cola’stransformationfromamedicinalsruoagypt,accarbonatedsoftdrinkcameaboutquitebccident.Onedaustomercameintoadrustoreyaygcomlaininfaheadacheandaskedforabottleofcolasru.Hewantedtotakeitrihtawa.Sohepgoypgy,,countertogetplainwatersuestedmixinhesruithsodawater.Thecustomerareedandaftergggtypwg,drinkintremarkedhowgoodittasted.Theclerkcontinuedofferinthemixandcarbonatedcolagrewgig,askedtheclerktomixthemedicinewhilehewaitedtheclerk,insteadofwalkintotheotherendoftheghadexerimentedformanonthstrinofindacureforthecommonheadache.Heworkedinhispymygt?NHowmanfyoudrinkcolaearlverbod.Didyouknowthatcolastartedoutnotasasoftyoyeyy—257—inpoularit.Todaarbonatedcolasaresoldinmostcountriesaroundtheworld.Andalthouhtheopyycgyn,lonercontaintheinredientsusedtocureheadachestherestillverefreshin.ggyayrguestions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhaveustheard.Qj?(16.WhatdoestheseakermainliscussB)pyd?(17.WhoestheseakermentionJohnPambertonB)ydp?(18.HowwascolasruadeintoasoftdrinkC)ypmPassaeTwog,wovernment.Inturnegettheseservicesthrouhtaxes.Whatwouldhaenifeveroneinthecitggppyy?Tstoedpainaxeshewatersulouldstoatermihtevenbecomeuncleanandimure.Theppygtppywp.Wgpwouldbeclosed.Peolewouldbecomesickanddiseasesmihtsread.WeshouldnotwanttoliveinsuchpgpTheseareprivatebills.Buttherearealsopublicbillsthatmustbepaid.Publicbillsarepaidforbheyt,Weknowthatwehavetopaorwhatweget.Ifwebuoodweknowtherewillbeabilltopa.yfyfystreetsmihtnotbecleaned.Therewouldbenopoliceforcetoprotectpeoleandproert.Schoolsgppy,acit.Weallwantpurewaterandfoodcleanstreetsandgoodschools.Wewantpolicetoprotectusyfromcrime.Thechiefdutoreverovernmentistoprotectpersonsandproert.Morethanthreeyfygpyfourthsofthemoneentburgovernmentisusedforthispurose.Thenextlareamountofpublicyspyopg,Publicmoneisusedtopatheteachersandallthepublicofficials.AlsoalareamountofublicfundsisyygpThegreatestpartoftheneededfundsisraisedbaxes.Ataxismonehatweallmustpaoytytytsuortthegovernment.Thelawordersustopaaxed.Wehavenochoiceinthematter.Almostppyteveronepassometaxesinoneformoranother.yyuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhaveustheard.Qj?(19.HowdoesthegovernmentpaorpublicbillsA)yfmoneoestoteachandtrainourcitizens.Billionsofdollarseachyeararesentonschoolsandlibraries.ygpsentonroads.p,?(20.AccordinotheseakerwhatwouldhaenifnobodinthecitaidtaxesD)gtpppyyp?(21.WhichofthefollowinoststhelarestamountofpublicmoneccordinotheseakerC)gcgyagtpPassaeThreegConservationAssociationoffersavarietfoboortunitiesworkinithaenciesthatareresonsibleyojppgwgp?WHaveyoueverwantedyourofficetobethegreatoutdoorsellnowitcanbe.TheStudentforthecareandmanaementofthecountr’spubliclands.EventhouhwearecalledtheStudentgyg,ConservationAssociationoudon’thavetobeastudenttojoin.Wehaveabout1500volunteerswhoy,workinover250areascaredforabouthenationalarkservicetheUnitedStatesforestserviceandotherpAsavolunteeryou’dhelonservationprofessionalsintaskssuchasbuildinackcountrrailsorpcgbyttakinouristsonnaturalhistoralksthrouhtheGrandCanonoralonthefooveredcoastofMain.gtywgyggc,Ifyouareatleast18yearsofaehaveahihschoolfordilomaandhavebeenoutofschoolatleastoneggp,,earositionsareoenyearroundacrossthecountrtheticallinkofserviceranesfrom10to12yppyypglandmanaementaencies.ggweeks.Abouthalftheparticiantsusetheirexeriencesaspre-careertrainin.ButtheproramisjustppggavailabletostudentsmaorinindanceorEnlishasitistothosemaorinnbiolo.Someofthejobsjggjgigy—258—附录二,,,alllivinxensesincludintransortationtoandfromtheproramsithousinfoodandtheallowancegepgpggAssociation.,demandphsicalendurancebutmostdonot.Volunteersreceivenosalar.ButtheAssociationpasforyyyforuniformsifneeded.Foranalicationandadditionalinformation,writetotheStudentConservationppuestions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhaveustheard.Qj?(22.WhatdoestheseakersaboutthevolunteerpositionsB)pya?(23.WheredovolunteersworkD)?(24.WhatisreuiredofallvolunteersC)q25.Howcanoneobtainanalicationform?(D)ppSectionC:DirectionsInthissection,ouwillhearapassaethreetimes.Whenthepassaeisreadfortheirsttime,yggfthepass}