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先心病科普知识3
什么是先心病的介入治疗?一般通过穿刺大腿根部的股动脉或股静脉,插入特制的导管,将特制的封堵器经此途径送入达到需要治疗的病变部位,将封堵器释放并固定在病变部位,以达到治愈的目的。先心病介入封堵治疗的出现，使先心病的治疗理念发生了根本性的变化，目前已成为大多数先心病的首选治疗方案。所有先心病都能做介入治疗吗?目前常见能做介入治疗的先心病有室间隔缺损、房间隔缺损、卵圆孔未闭、动脉导管未闭、肺动脉瓣狭窄等。另外一些少见的先心病如瓦氏窦瘤破裂、冠状动脉瘘等也可以做介入治疗。房缺介入治疗示意图封堵器会掉吗?封堵器即刻植入成功后，有经验的术者能通过X线下封堵器的成型，以及在超声监测下检查封堵器的封堵效果和牢固程度，确定满意后最终释放封堵器。术后随访几乎很少发生封堵器脱落。封堵器脱落多与封堵器选择偏小、封堵器放置不到位、或缺损周缘组织偏软，支撑力差等因素有关。介入治疗和外科传统开胸手术,孰优孰劣?介入封堵术是医生穿刺病人血管（一般采用大腿根部血管），通过特制的直径为2~4毫米的鞘管，在X线和超声的引导下，将大小合适的封堵器送至病变部位封堵缺损或未闭合的动脉导管，以达到治疗的目的。具有创伤小、手术时间短（约1小时）、恢复快（术后第二天即可下床）、不需特殊麻醉及体外循环、住院周期短（约1周）等优点。只有当病人年龄小、不能配合手术者才需要全身麻醉。传统开胸修补术是直接开胸修补缺损部位。手术在体外循环直视心脏下进行，修补缺损准确，为经典的治疗先心病的传统方法。基本适应于所有先心病的治疗。附表：两种治疗方法的比较：&& &介入封堵术&&开胸修补术&&创伤外观&&创伤最小，几乎没有瘢痕&&创伤较大，术后留有瘢痕&&安全性&&手术安全，患者全麻或局麻，在X光下实施手术&&手术安全，患者全麻，体外循环下实施手术，需输血&&治疗时间&&3~5天&&两周&&适用患者&&适应于3岁以上的患者&&成人、儿童均可&&适应症&&典型动脉导管未闭，房缺，室缺&&各种典型及复杂先心病患者&&优点&&恢复快，创伤小&&复杂先心病的首选治疗方案&&缺点&&有射线辐射，操作距离长，对术者要求较高&&心脏切口大，对患者身体消耗较大，相较术后恢复慢
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先天性心脏病（室缺，房缺，动脉导管未闭等），冠心病（心肌梗死，心绞痛和缺血性心肌病），高血压和扩心病。
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心血管内科分类问答【求教】为何华晨宇被叫做人形巨婴？有JRS给科普下吗？
这些回帖亮了
我只知道一个人个子是成人，脑子是婴儿，有个学名叫低能。
你们这群孩子，他还只是个禽兽啊！
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
看见这三个字就恶心。反胃。
上次老妹在看马桶台的什么少年与花儿？就是他和女神刘涛出去玩的节目，他那表情我还以为他是刘涛的儿子，真！的！是！二！逼！→_→我妹说那是花花！当时我就震惊了，我说他多大？我妹说24和你一样大，！我直接来了句这不就是个巨婴么！，20多的男的嘟嘴卖萌，如果他是我朋友我还真打他了！最烦娘炮！后来网上有人黑他，果然外号巨婴啊！
你若化成风
我换华晨宇
看见这三个字就恶心。反胃。
情商水平如同婴孩！
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
我只知道一个人个子是成人，脑子是婴儿，有个学名叫低能。
你若化成风
我换华晨宇
有没有例子可以说明一下？？
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
外形，表现，以及一群脑残粉。
引用4楼 @ 发表的:你若化成风
我换华晨宇
每次讨论华晨宇都必有这句。有些看腻了。
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
这你都关心？。。。
莫名的感觉恶心。。。。。。。
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
他还是个小孩子。。。。
真心求教有什么事例。。。。。。
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
你们这群孩子，他还只是个禽兽啊！
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
他到底怎么火的，可以科普一下吗
引用13楼 @ 发表的:他到底怎么火的，可以科普一下吗
人家老爸够猛
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
giant baby 意思是没用的东西
引用14楼 @ 发表的:
人家老爸够猛
觉得他的样子好弱智m，还有他那个广告我草，停你妹啊停
上次老妹在看马桶台的什么少年与花儿？就是他和女神刘涛出去玩的节目，他那表情我还以为他是刘涛的儿子，真！的！是！二！逼！→_→我妹说那是花花！当时我就震惊了，我说他多大？我妹说24和你一样大，！我直接来了句这不就是个巨婴么！，20多的男的嘟嘴卖萌，如果他是我朋友我还真打他了！最烦娘炮！后来网上有人黑他，果然外号巨婴啊！
华晨宇应该算是富二代了。
老爹是开银矿的，上大学应该是没多少朋友的。
大一的时候自己就已经开跑车了，在学校很少去见的。
而且家庭并不是很完整的家庭，所以是什么性格都可以理解的。
求科普，为什么说巨婴还有情商低？
发自手机虎扑 m.hupu.com
步行街别提这种煞笔弱智好么
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【科普】滑雪者面临更多的心脏病风险
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丁香园准中级站友
这个帖子发布于7年零247天前，其中的信息可能已发生改变或有所发展。
Physically Unprepared Skiers Face Heart RiskHigh Altitudes and Low Temperatures Add to Risk of a Heart Attack on the SlopesBy Charlene LainoWebMD Health NewsReviewed by Elizabeth Klodas, MD, FACCSept. 1, 2010 (Stockholm, Sweden) -- As you start your early planning for this winter's ski vacation, you should be thinking about more than getting the best possible plane ticket and hotel rates -- think about your heart, too.Many people fail to rev up their exercise regimen before they leave -- and the sudden burst of activity on the slopes puts them at risk for sudden cardiac death, researchers say."Our study of tourists in the Austrian Alps shows that inadequate preparation for the physical exertion required, combined with the effect of high altitude and cold temperatures, led to an increase in heart attacks, particularly during the first two days of vacation," says study researcher Gert Klug, MD, of the Medical University of Innsbruck in Austria.Previous research showed that sudden cardiac death, of which heart attacks were the leading cause, accounted for 40% of deaths on the slopes. The new study aimed to figure out why the figure was so high, Klug tells WebMD.Heart Attacks Can Happen at Start of VacationThe researchers analyzed data on 110 people who had suffered a heart attack during their winter sports vacation in the Alps between 2006 and 2010. All filled out detailed questionnaires that asked about their heart disease risk factors, activities before their trip, and circumstances under which they suffered their first symptoms.Among the findings, presented here at the European Society of Cardiology Congress:56% of heart attacks occurred within the first two days o 39% struck on the day of arrival. About one in five people had suffered previous heart symptoms, and seven in 10 had at least two heart disease risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or smoking. Half suffered their heart attack during or within one hour of activity. The average time from hitting the slopes to suffering the first symptoms was nearly two hours. More than 50% had not been doing the recommended levels of exercise before they left. You should engage in at least two hours of physical activity a week in the weeks leading up to a vacation in which you’re going to be more physically active than usual, Klug says.
The Role of Altitude and Cold Previous research also suggests that cold temperatures may trigger a heart attack, Klug says.Altitude may also play a role, he tells WebMD. The heart attacks occurred at an average altitude of 4,429 feet, while the patients lived at an average of only 557 feet above sea level."Although winter sports are quite safe, there is a risk of heart attack, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Our advice is proper preparation, with a stepwise increase in exercise prior to and during your holiday," he says.American Heart Association spokesman Ray Gibbons, MD, professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., tells WebMD that inadequate physical preparation, high altitudes, and cold temperatures create a "perfect storm" for heart attacks."We don't want to discourage people from exercising as its benefits in improving heart health are well established. Just prepare," he says.Gibbons' advice:Increase physical activity gradually. If you're going to a high-altitude resort, wait a day before hitting the slopes or engaging in other strenuous activity. If it's a very high altitude resort, ask your doctor about strategies for acclimatization. Dress warmly, in layers. This study was presented at a medical conference. The findings should be considered preliminary as they have not yet undergone the "peer review" process, in which outside experts scrutinize the data prior to publication in a medical journal.
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Physically Unprepared Skiers Face Heart RiskHigh Altitudes and Low Temperatures Add to Risk of a Heart Attack on the Slopes未做准备活动的滑雪者面临心脏病风险在滑雪道上海拔高和温度低增加心脏病发作的风险。By Charlene Laino WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Elizabeth Klodas, MD, FACCSept. 1, 2010 (Stockholm, Sweden) -- As you start your early planning for this winter's ski vacation, you should be thinking about more than getting the best possible plane ticket and hotel rates -- think about your heart, too.来自Charlene Laino 健康新闻Elizabeth Klodas博士，日（斯德哥尔摩，瑞典）---当你开始早计划的冬季滑雪假期时，你应该考虑的比得到最好的机票和旅馆住宿更多的----也考虑一下你的心脏。Many people fail to rev up their exercise regimen before they leave -- and the sudden burst of activity on the slopes puts them at risk for sudden cardiac death, researchers say.很多人不能在离开之前加速他们的运动治疗，那么在滑雪道上突然增加的运动量使他们处于突发心脏病死亡的风险中，研究人员说。"Our study of tourists in the Austrian Alps shows that inadequate preparation for the physical exertion required, combined with the effect of high altitude and cold temperatures, led to an increase in heart attacks, particularly during the first two days of vacation," says study researcher Gert Klug, MD, of the Medical University of Innsbruck in Austria.“我们对奥地利阿尔卑斯山旅游者的研究显示不充分的强体力活动需要的准备活动加上高海拔和低温的影响导致心脏病发作增加，尤其是在假期的前两天，”奥地利因斯布鲁克医科大学研究员Gert Klug博士说。Previous research showed that sudden cardiac death, of which heart attacks were the leading cause, accounted for 40% of deaths on the slopes. The new study aimed to figure out why the figure was so high, Klug tells WebMD.以前的研究显示心脏性猝死，心脏病发作是其主要原因，是滑雪道上40%的死亡者的原因。Heart Attacks Can Happen at Start of VacationThe researchers analyzed data on 110 people who had suffered a heart attack during their winter sports vacation in the Alps between 2006 and 2010. 心脏病发作可能发生在假期的开始研究人员分析了110名人员的数据，他们于2006年至2010年在阿尔卑斯山冬季运动期间遭受了心脏病发作。All filled out detailed questionnaires that asked about their heart disease risk factors, activities before their trip, and circumstances under which they suffered their first symptoms.所有人填写了问及他们心脏病危险因素，旅行前的活动和他们遭受最初症状时的环境的详细问卷。Among the findings, presented here at the European Society of Cardiology Congress:研究发现在欧洲心脏病协会上介绍：56% of heart attacks occurred within the first two days o 39% struck on the day of arrival. 56%的心脏病发作出现在到达滑雪道的前两天；39%出现在到达之日。About one in five people had suffered previous heart symptoms, and seven in 10 had at least two heart disease risk factors such as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or smoking. 大约1/5的人之前经受过心脏病症状，7/10的人具有至少两项心脏病危险因素，例如高脂血症、高血压或吸烟。Half suffered their heart attack during or within one hour of activity. The average time from hitting the slopes to suffering the first symptoms was nearly two hours. 一半的人在活动后1小时内遭受心脏病发作。自接触滑雪道到遭受首发症状平均时间为近2小时。More than 50% had not been doing the recommended levels of exercise before they left. You should engage in at least two hours of physical activity a week in the weeks leading up to a vacation in which you’re going to be more physically active than usual, Klug says. 超过50%的人在离开之前没有进行推荐水平的活动。你应该在假期之前的数周内，每周参加至少两小时的体力运动，假期中你将进行比平常更多的体力活动，Klug说。The Role of Altitude and Cold Previous research also suggests that cold temperatures may trigger a heart attack, Klug says.海拔和寒冷的作用先前的研究也提示低温可以促发心脏病发作，Klug说。Altitude may also play a role, he tells WebMD. The heart attacks occurred at an average altitude of 4,429 feet, while the patients lived at an average of only 557 feet above sea level.海拔可能也扮演一个角色，他告诉医学新闻。心脏病发作出现在平均海拔4429英尺，而患者居住在海平面上平均海拔只有557英尺的地方。"Although winter sports are quite safe, there is a risk of heart attack, which can lead to sudden cardiac death. Our advice is proper preparation, with a stepwise increase in exercise prior to and during your holiday," he says.“尽管冬季运动很安全，但是也有心脏病发作的危险，它可导致心源性猝死。我们的建议是适当的准备活动，假期之前和之中逐渐增加活动量，”他说。American Heart Association spokesman Ray Gibbons, MD, professor of medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., tells WebMD that inadequate physical preparation, high altitudes, and cold temperatures create a "perfect storm" for heart attacks.美国心脏病学会发言人、美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特梅奥医学中心主任医师Ray Gibbons博士告诉医学新闻，不充分的准备活动、高海拔和低温制造心脏病发作的“完美风暴”。"We don't want to discourage people from exercising as its benefits in improving heart health are well established. Just prepare," he says.“我们并不想劝阻人们进行运动，因为它在改善心脏健康方面的益处已经得到确立。只是准备，”他说。Gibbons' advice:Gibbons的建议：Increase physical activity gradually. If you're going to a high-altitude resort, wait a day before hitting the slopes or engaging in other strenuous activity. 逐渐增加活动量如果你打算去一个高海拔的度假胜地，接触滑雪道之前等待一天或进行其它费力的活动。If it's a very high altitude resort, ask your doctor about strategies for acclimatization. Dress warmly, in layers. 如果那是海拔很高的度假胜地，咨询你的医生关于环境适应的策略。穿暖和，多穿衣服。This study was presented at a medical conference. The findings should be considered preliminary as they have not yet undergone the "peer review" process, in which outside experts scrutinize the data prior to publication in a medical journal. 这项研究在一个医学会议上被介绍。这些发现应该被认为是初步的，因为它们还没有经历“同行评审”程序，在该程序中，外界专家于医学杂志发表之前详查这些数据。（丁香）
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编译：albmu字数：1058未做准备活动的滑雪者面临心脏病风险在滑雪道上海拔高和温度低增加心脏病发作的风险。来自Charlene Laino 健康新闻Elizabeth Klodas博士，日（斯德哥尔摩，瑞典）---当你开始早计划的冬季滑雪假期时，你应该考虑的比得到最好的机票和旅馆住宿更多的----也考虑一下你的心脏。很多人不能在离开之前加速他们的运动治疗，那么在滑雪道上突然增加的运动量使他们处于突发心脏病死亡的风险中，研究人员说。“我们对奥地利阿尔卑斯山旅游者的研究显示不充分的强体力活动需要的准备活动加上高海拔和低温的影响导致心脏病发作增加，尤其是在假期的前两天，”奥地利因斯布鲁克医科大学研究员Gert Klug博士说。以前的研究显示心脏性猝死，心脏病发作是其主要原因，是滑雪道上40%的死亡者的原因。心脏病发作可能发生在假期的开始研究人员分析了110名人员的数据，他们于2006年至2010年在阿尔卑斯山冬季运动期间遭受了心脏病发作。所有人填写了问及他们心脏病危险因素，旅行前的活动和他们遭受最初症状时的环境的详细问卷。研究发现在欧洲心脏病协会上介绍：56%的心脏病发作出现在到达滑雪道的前两天；39%出现在到达之日。大约1/5的人之前经受过心脏病症状，7/10的人具有至少两项心脏病危险因素，例如高脂血症、高血压或吸烟。一半的人在活动后1小时内遭受心脏病发作。自接触滑雪道到遭受首发症状平均时间为近2小时。超过50%的人在离开之前没有进行推荐水平的活动。你应该在假期之前的数周内，每周参加至少两小时的体力运动，假期中你将进行比平常更多的体力活动，Klug说。海拔和寒冷的作用先前的研究也提示低温可以促发心脏病发作，Klug说。海拔可能也扮演一个角色，他告诉医学新闻。心脏病发作出现在平均海拔4429英尺，而患者居住在海平面上平均海拔只有557英尺的地方。“尽管冬季运动很安全，但是也有心脏病发作的危险，它可导致心源性猝死。我们的建议是适当的准备活动，假期之前和之中逐渐增加活动量，”他说。美国心脏病学会发言人、美国明尼苏达州罗彻斯特梅奥医学中心主任医师Ray Gibbons博士告诉医学新闻，不充分的准备活动、高海拔和低温制造心脏病发作的“完美风暴”。“我们并不想劝阻人们进行运动，因为它在改善心脏健康方面的益处已经得到确立。只是准备，”他说。Gibbons的建议：逐渐增加活动量如果你打算去一个高海拔的度假胜地，接触滑雪道之前等待一天或进行其它费力的活动。如果那是海拔很高的度假胜地，咨询你的医生关于环境适应的策略。穿暖和，多穿衣服。这项研究在一个医学会议上被介绍。这些发现应该被认为是初步的，因为它们还没有经历“同行评审”程序，在该程序中，外界专家于医学杂志发表之前详查这些数据。（丁香）
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