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Nancy Hanks Lincoln (February 5, ;– October 5, 1818) is best known as the mother of
. Her marriage to
also produced a daughter, . When Nancy and Thomas had been married for just over 10 years, the family moved from
in 1816. Nancy Lincoln died from
in Spencer County when Abraham was aged 9.
This article reflects the prevailing theories regarding Nancy Hanks Lincoln's heritage. There is information, however, published about the Shipley and Berry family and for Kentucky heritage sites that differs from the prevailing theory. This is explored in greater detail in the
Early Home of Nancy Hanks Lincoln
Nancy Hanks Lincoln was born to Lucy Hanks in what was at that time part of , . Today, the same location is in
in , . Years after her birth, Abraham Lincoln's law partner
reported that Lincoln told him his maternal grandfather was "a well-bred Virginia farmer or planter." According to William E. Barton in the "Life of Abraham Lincoln" and Michael Burkhimer in "100 Essential Lincoln Books", Nancy was most likely born illegitimate due to the fact that Hanks' family created stories in order to lead Abraham to believe he was a legitimate member of the Sparrow family.
It is believed that Nancy Hanks Lincoln's grandparents were Ann and
and that they raised her from infancy until her grandfather died when she was about 9 years old. At the time of Nancy's birth, Joseph and his wife and children were all living on 108 acres near Patterson Creek in then-Hampshire County, Virginia. In March 1784, Joseph Hanks sold his property via a mortgage and moved his wife, 8 children, and young granddaughter Nancy to Kentucky.
The family lived on land along Pottinger's Creek, in a settlement called Rolling Fork in , until patriarch Joseph's death in 1793. Nancy's grandmother, who was called by the more formal name Ann rather than its common nickname Nancy, decided to return to her homeland, old
parish in Virginia. At that time, Nancy went to live with her mother, now Lucy Hanks Sparrow. having married Henry Sparrow in
two or three years earlier.
After Lucy's sister Elizabeth Hanks married Henry Sparrow's brother Thomas in
in 1796, Nancy went to live with the couple, whom she called "mother and father"; she was known as Nancy Sparrow and described as "intelligent, deeply religious, kindly and affectionate." Lucy's sister Nancy Hanks gave birth to an illegitimate son in 1799 named Dennis Friend Hanks, Nancy Hanks Lincoln's cousin, who was also raised by Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow.
At the home of Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, Nancy would have learned the skills and crafts a woman needed on the frontier to cultivate crops and clothe and feed her family. She learned to read by the Bible and became an excellent , working at the
before her marriage.
Lucy's marriage to Henry Sparrow produced 8 children, and Lucy had a reputation as a "fine Christian woman". Two sons were loyal to the Union during the Civil War and were preachers.
timeline: her life events and who she lived with during those times
↓Grandparents Joseph and Ann Hanks
↓Mother Lucy
↓Eliz. & Thomas
↓Sparrow and/or Berry home
↓Married to Thomas Lincoln
While grandfather is alive
Unclear (1)
Unclear (2)
Marriage until death
:(1) It's unclear if Nancy Hanks lived the entire three years () with her mother prior to moving in with her aunt, Elizabeth Hanks and newly married uncle, Thomas Sparrow.
(2) It is unclear when Nancy went to work for the Berrys.
Rear of the Lincoln Marriage Temple, which shelters the cabin in which
married Nancy Hanks. Built in 1931, it is part of
On June 12, 1806, Hanks married
in Beechland by Reverend Jesse Head. Nancy was brought to the home to work as a seamstress by her friend Polly Ewing Berry, the wife of Richard Berry Jr. since October 10, 1794. Polly was a friend of Nancy's from
and Richard Berry, Jr. was a good friend of Thomas Lincoln. Lincoln proposed to her in his childhood home at what is now
or in the Francis Berry house in front of the fireplace.
Nancy's marriage bond was signed by Richard Berry, Jr. who identified himself as her guardian. Per Warren, "The title had no legal significance, Berry having never been so appointed, and Nancy Hanks was then of age. But of him to call himself 'guardian' was a courtesy customary under such circumstances" [no father able to sign the marriage bond]. A record of their marriage license is held at the county courthouse.
They had three children:
(February 10, ;– January 20, 1828)
(February 12, ;– April 15, 1865)
Thomas Lincoln, Jr. (died in infancy, 1812)
The young family lived in what was then
(now LaRue). After 1811, on the . Neighbors reported that Nancy Hanks Lincoln was "superior" to her husband, a mild yet strong personality who taught young Abraham his letters as well as the extraordinary sweetness and forbearance he was known for all his life. In 1816, the year that Indiana became the 19th state, the Lincoln family moved to
in southern Indiana and proceeded to homestead at
Settlement (now ). Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow and Dennis Hanks settled at Little Pigeon Creek the following fall, having lived in a shelter the Lincolns had lived in until they built their cabin. While Abraham was ten years younger than his second cousin Dennis, the boys were good friends.
William Herndon, author of Life of Lincoln, described Nancy Hanks Lincoln:
She was above the ordinary height in stature, weighed about 130 pounds, was slenderly built, and had much the appearance of one inclined to consumption. H face sharp and angular, with a marked expression for melancholy which fixed itself in the memory of all who ever saw or knew her. Though her life was clouded by a spirit of sadness, she was in disposition amiable and generally cheerful.
Nancy was also described as "a bold, reckless, daredevil kind of woman, stepping on to the very verge of propriety."
Lincoln gained from his mother his appearance and manner. She was "mild, tender, and intellectually inclined."
Nancy Hanks Lincoln Gravestone
While living at Little Pigeon Creek Settlement, Nancy Hanks Lincoln died on October 5, 1818, age 34. Her 9-year-old son Abraham assisted his father in the making of her coffin by whittling the wooden pegs that held the planks together. 11-year-old Sarah cared for Abraham until their father remarried the next year.
There are two views as to the cause of Nancy Hanks Lincoln's death. One view is that she died of "." Several people died that fall from the illness, including Elizabeth and Thomas Sparrow, who raised her and then lived with her on the Lincoln's property at the Little Pigeon Creek settlement. The Sparrows died in September, weeks before Nancy's death, and Dennis moved in with the Lincolns. The illness was caused by drinking the milk or eating the meat of cows that had eaten . The plant contains the potent
temetrol, which is passed through the milk. The migrants from the East were unfamiliar with the Midwestern plant and its effects. In the nineteenth century before people understood the cause of the illness, thousands in the Midwest died of milk sickness.
The second view is that Nancy died of . In 1870 Lincoln's law partner and biographer, , wrote to fellow Lincoln biographer
saying that "Mrs. Lincoln died as said by some with the milk sickness, some with a galloping quick consumption",
i.e. a wasting disease or . This, with the recent demonstration that Nancy had a
and the same unusual facial features as her son, would suggest that she died of cancer (which is a wasting disease) related to
(MEN2B), and that she passed the gene for this syndrome to her son (see ).
Nancy's grave is located in what has been named the Pioneer Cemetery, also known as the Nancy Hanks Lincoln Cemetery. Her headstone was purchased by P.E. Studebaker, an industrialist from South Bend, in 1878. At least twenty unmarked and eight marked gr Nancy Lincoln is buried next to Nancy Rusher Brooner, a neighbor who died a week earlier than she from milk sickness. Henry Brooner, Nancy Brooner's son and best childhood friend of Abraham Lincoln later recalled, "I remember very distinctly that when Mrs. Lincoln's grave was filled, my father, Peter Brooner, extended his hand to Thomas Lincoln and said, 'We are brothers now', meaning that they were brothers in the same kind of sorrow. The bodies of my mother and Mrs. Lincoln were conveyed to their graves on sleds." Her aunt and uncle, also her childhood caregivers, Elizabeth (Hanks) and Thomas Sparrow are buried nearby. The cemetery is located on the grounds of the , a
managed by the
in present-day .
Memorial to Nancy Hanks in , at the site of her birth.
In 1941, , who co-wrote the lyrics to "", wrote the music for the ballad "Nancy Hanks" as a tribute to Lincoln's mother. The song uses as its lyrics the Rosemary Benét poem "Nancy Hanks" (originally published in 's A Book of Americans): An edited version of the poem was used by
in the beginning of his 1939 movie :
If Nancy Hanks
Came back as a ghost,
Seeking news
Of what she loved most,
She'd ask first
"Where's my son?
What's happened to Abe?
What's he done?"... ...
"You wouldn't know
About my son?
Did he grow tall?
Did he have fun?
Did he learn to read?
Did he get to town?
Do you know his name?
Did he get on?"
North Spencer School Corporation opened Nancy Hanks Elementary School circa 1990. North Spencer School Corporation is based in Spencer County, Indiana—the site of Abraham Lincoln's boyhood home.
In November 2008, the Mineral County Historical Society and the Mineral County Historic Landmarks Commission officially recognized the researched site of the birthplace of Nancy Hanks in Mineral County, West Virginia, which was first identified in 1929. They had a memorial placed at the site.
On February 12, 2009, on the bicentennial of the birth of Abraham Lincoln, the West Virginia House of Delegates passed a resolution recognizing Nancy Hanks Lincoln for her contributions and her birth site in Mineral County, West Virginia.
Nancy Hanks is third cousin four times removed of actor, producer, writer, and director .
are related to Nancy Hanks through Lucy Hanks Sparrow and Henry Sparrow's daughter, Mary Ann Sparrow, a half-sister to Nancy Hanks. Mary Ann Sparrow was George's 4th great-grandmother.
was born Camille Olivia Hanks, a distant cousin of Nancy Hanks.
The Nancy Hanks – Thomas Lincoln wedding was portrayed in a play called "Dearly Beloved: The Vows of a Lincoln Legacy" to kick-off a three-year bicentennial celebration of Abraham Lincoln's life. The play was held at the
in Springfield, Kentucky.
Nancy is portrayed by Maria Hill in the
episode "Before the Tall Man."
William Herndon's accounts of Nancy Hanks Lincoln are based upon interviews with Dennis Hanks, who lived near and with the Lincolns in his childhood,
and Sara Bush Johnson Lincoln.
Dennis married one of Abraham's stepmother's daughters named Sara Elizabeth in 1821.
(1995). Lincoln. New York: Touchstone. pp. 20, 23.
Michael Burkhimer (2003). 100 Essential Lincoln Books. Cumberland House Publishing. pp. 52, 54–55, 63–64.  .
Ralph Gary (2001). Following in Lincoln's Footsteps. New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. pp. 207–209.
Doug Wead (2005). The Raising of a President: The Mothers and Fathers of Our Nation's Leaders. Simon and Schuster. p. 110.  .
Clara McCormack S Laura Elizabeth Sage Jones (1939). Early Records, Hampshire County, Virginia: Now West Virginia, Including at the Start Most of Known Va. Aside from Augusta District. Genealogical Publishing Com. p. 23.  .
William H. Herndon (2008). Herndon's Life of Lincoln. Wildside Press. p. 10.  .
(book), W. J. Cameron (editor), William E. Barton (article) (2003). Nancy Hanks, the Mother of Lincoln. Dearborn Independent Magazine January 1927-October 1927. Kessinger Publishing. pp. 15–19.  .
(2007). Edward C. Goodman, ed. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and The War Years. Sterling Publishing Company. pp. 12–14.  .
William Eleazar Barton (2005) [1920]. The Soul of Abraham Lincoln. University of Illinois Press. p. 48.  .
(1975) [1928]. Abe Lincoln Grows Up. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 25.  .
(1922). The Real L a portrait. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. 43.
(2010). . University Press of Kentucky. pp. PT23.  .
. Northern Illinois University Libraries. Archived from
Don Davenport (2002). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Trails Books Guide. Big Earth Publishing. p. 6.  .
(2005). The Raising of a President: The Mothers and Fathers of Our Nation's Leaders. Simon and Schuster. p. 111.  .
Raymond Warren (2004). The Prairie President: Living Through The Years With Lincoln 1809 To 1861 (reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. pp. 5–6.  .
Louis Austin Warren (1933 (reprint from Indiana Magazine of History, September 1933)). . Lincolniana Publishers. pp. 204–205.
DuPont-Ewing, Annette C. (2007). Washington County. Arcadia Publishing. p. 117.  .
(PDF). Kentucky State Parks 2013.
(2006). . Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. p. 47.
(1991). . Oxford University Press paperback. p. 491.
Don Davenport (2002). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Trails Books Guide. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 29, 32.  .
. Center for History. 1816. Archived from
on October 27, .
William Eleazar Barton (1920). The Paternity of Abraham Lincoln: Was He the Son of Thomas Lincoln? An Essay on the Chastity of Nancy Hanks. New York: George H. Doran Company. pp. 273–274, 275.
Thomas Keneally (2003). Abraham Lincoln. New York: Penguin Group. p. 1.  .
Philip B. Kunhardt, Jr.; Philip B. Kunhardt, III; Peter W. Kunhardt (1992). Lincoln. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 34.  .
Carl Sandburg (2007). . p. 22 2011.
Don Davenport (2002). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Trails Books Guide. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 32–33.  .
Carl Sandburg (2007). Edward C. Goodman, ed. Abraham Lincoln: The Prairie Years and The War Years. Sterling Publishing Company. p. 22.  .
Organization of American Historians (2009). Sean W Organization of American Historians, eds. The Best American History Essays on Lincoln Best American History Essays. Macmillan. p. 89.  .
Don Davenport (2002). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Trails Books Guide. Big Earth Publishing. p. 38.  .
. Biography.com. Archived from
on 18 April .
Walter J. Daly (March 2006). "'The Slows', The Torment of Milk Sickness on the Midwest Frontier". Indiana Magazine of History. 102 (1).  .
Herndon, William (1940 {quoted letter to Ward Lamon written in 1870}). Emanuel Hertz, ed. . New York, New York: Blue Ribbon Books. p. 74.
John G. Sotos (2008). . , : Mt. Vernon Book Systems. pp. 108–109.  .
John G. Sotos (2012). "Abraham Lincoln's marfanoid mother: the earliest known case of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B?". Clinical Dysmorphology. 21 (3): 131–136. :.  .
. Graveyards of Illinois 2013.
. National Park Service 2011.
Don Davenport (2002). In Lincoln's Footsteps: A Historical Guide to the Lincoln Sites in Illinois, Indiana, and Kentucky Trails Books Guide. Big Earth Publishing. pp. 38–39.  .
Richard Lawrence Miller. . p. 41.
. Library of Congress, Copyright office. 1941. p. 959 2011.
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Monaco, James (1992). . p. .
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. Nspencer.k12.in.us. . Archived from
. West Virginia Legislature.
. . September 23, .
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. The Sun. November 1, .
"LINCOLN BICENTENNIAL COMMISSION ENDORSES JUNE 3 LINCOLN-HANKS WEDDING EVENT." US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. 2006. HighBeam Research. 29 Mar. 2013.
"LINCOLN-HANKS WEDDING PART OF WASHINGTON COUNTY HISTORY." US Fed News Service, Including US State News. The Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. 2006. HighBeam Research. 29 Mar. 2013
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Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting the weekends to come. Because on weekends there are different kinds of outdoor activities, such as going to the park, going shopping, playing ball games and so on.We usually go to the park on Saturdays. We often take some bread, meat, water and milk with us. It’s Saturday today. We are in the park again. Father is fishing in a boat on the lake(湖). Mother is sitting and reading under the tree. Now we are drinking some water. Do you think we are happy?【小题1】Lucy and Lily are &&&&.A．studentsB．teachersC．nursesD．cousins【小题2】What do Lucy and Lily usually do on Saturdays?A．Play ball games.B．Go to the park.C．Go for a picnic.D．Go shopping.【小题3】What are Lucy and Lily doing now?A．They are fishing.B．They are reading.C．They are flying a kite.D．They are drinking some water.A&
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分析与解答
习题“Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting the wee...”的分析与解答如下所示：
本文叙述了露西和丽丽是姐妹，她们都是学生，在周末她们做各种户外活动，如去公园，购物和打球类比赛等。【小题1】细节理解题。根据We are studying in a high school.可知露西和丽丽是学生，故选A。【小题2】细节理解题。根据We usually go to the park on Saturdays. 她们通常在周六去公园，故选B。【小题3】细节理解题。根据Now we are drinking some water. 她们正在喝水，故选D。
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Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting th...
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Nancy and Sheila are in the same class. They are friends. Nancy wants to invite Sheila to dinner on Sunday. But Sheila doesn't know the way. Now Nancy is telling her."It's easy. You can take No. 4 bus. After you get off at Red Road. cross it and take the first turning on the left. Walk along the road for about five minutes. and then you'll see a big tree. Go straight on for about a hundred meters. and you will see a big red house. This is not my home. Go past the big house about four hundred meters. and you'll see a small yellow house beside a little tree. Then you can open the door with your foot.""With my foot?" asks Sheila. "Why?" "Well. you won't come to my house empty-handed(空手地)， will you?"& answers Nancy.【小题1】Nancy asks Sheila to&&&&.A．have dinner with herB．go to a big red houseC．go to the cinema togetherD．go shopping together【小题2】Which of the following is true?A．Nancy and Sheila are classmates.B．Sheila should take No. 5 bus first.C．Nancy asks Sheila to come to her home on Saturday.D．Sheila knows Nancy's home very well.【小题3】How far is it from the big tree to the small yellow house?A．It's five minutes' walk.B．It's a hundred minutes' ride.C．It's about two hundred meters.D．It's about five hundred meters.【小题4】Where is Nancy's house?&&&A．It's beside a big red house. B．It's beside a little tree.C．It's on the right side of Red Road.D．It's behind a small yellow house.【小题5】Why does Nancy ask Sheila to open the door with her foot?A．Because she thinks Sheila should carry a lot of presents in both hands.B．Because she thinks Sheila should bring her family members to her home.C．Because she thinks Sheila should bring other classmates to her home.D．Because she thinks Sheila will be afraid to open the door with her hands.&&&&
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欢迎来到乐乐题库，查看习题“Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting the weekends to come. Because on weekends there are different kinds of outdoor activities, such as going to the park, going shopping, playing ball games and so on.We usually go to the park on Saturdays. We often take some bread, meat, water and milk with us. It’s Saturday today. We are in the park again. Father is fishing in a boat on the lake(湖). Mother is sitting and reading under the tree. Now we are drinking some water. Do you think we are happy?【小题1】Lucy and Lily are ____.A．studentsB．teachersC．nursesD．cousins【小题2】What do Lucy and Lily usually do on Saturdays?A．Play ball games.B．Go to the park.C．Go for a picnic.D．Go shopping.【小题3】What are Lucy and Lily doing now?A．They are fishing.B．They are reading.C．They are flying a kite.D．They are drinking some water.”的答案、考点梳理，并查找与习题“Hi! We are Lucy and Lily. We are sisters. We are studying in a high school. We are always wanting the weekends to come. Because on weekends there are different kinds of outdoor activities, such as going to the park, going shopping, playing ball games and so on.We usually go to the park on Saturdays. We often take some bread, meat, water and milk with us. It’s Saturday today. We are in the park again. Father is fishing in a boat on the lake(湖). Mother is sitting and reading under the tree. Now we are drinking some water. Do you think we are happy?【小题1】Lucy and Lily are ____.A．studentsB．teachersC．nursesD．cousins【小题2】What do Lucy and Lily usually do on Saturdays?A．Play ball games.B．Go to the park.C．Go for a picnic.D．Go shopping.【小题3】What are Lucy and Lily doing now?A．They are fishing.B．They are reading.C．They are flying a kite.D．They are drinking some water.”相似的习题。}