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初中英语宾语从句专项训练
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初中英语宾语从句专项训练
作者：佚名
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更新时间： 23:04:32
初中英语宾语从句专项训练
I．从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。
1.I don't know _________ he will come tomorrow．_________ he comes，I'll tell you． A．if；Whether B．whether；Whether C．if；That D．if；If
2．I don't know _________ the day after tomorrow． A．when does he come B．how will he come
C．if he comes D．whether he'll come &
3．Could you tell me _________ the nearest hospital is？ A．what B．how C．whether D．where
4．Could you tell me _________ the radio without any help？ A．how did he mend B．what did he mend C．how he mended D．what he mended &
5．I want to know _________ ． A．whom is she looking after B．whom she is looking C．whom is she looking D．whom she is looking after &
6．Do you know where _________ now？ A．he lives B．does he live C．he lived D．did he live &
7．Do you know what time _________ ？ A．the train leave B．does the train leave C．will the train leave D．the train leaves
8．I don't know _________ ．Can you tell me，please？ A．how the two players are old B．how old are the two players C．the two players are how old D．how old the two players are &
9．The small children don't know _________ ． A．what is their stockings in B．what is in their stockings C．where is their stockings in D．what in their stockings &
10．I can't understand _________ ． A．what does Christmas mean B．what Christmas does mean C．what mean Christmas does D．what Christmas means
II．按要求转换句型。 1．Does Mr．Brown enjoy living in China？Could you tell us？（改写句子） →Could you tell us _________ Mr．Brown _________ living in China？ &
2．“Does the girl need any help？”he asked me．（变为复合句） →He asked me _________ the girl _________ some help． &
3．Jim is not a student．Tom is not a student，either．（合并为一个句子） _________ Jim _________ Tom is a student．
4．When does the train leave？I want to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） I want to know _________ the train _________ ．
5．They went home after they had finished their homework．（用not．．．until改写） They _________ go home _________ they had finished their homework．
6．Did Peter come here yesterday？Li Lei wants to know．（改为含宾语从句的复合句） Li Lei wants to know _________ Peter _________ here yesterday．
宾语从句专项训练参考答案： I．1―5DDDCD 6―10ADDBD II．1．if／whether；enjoys 2．if／whether；needed 3．Neither；nor 4．when；leaves 5．didn't；until 6．whether；came
初中英语辅导篇：状语从句与宾语从句考点归纳　
【考点梳理】
　　初中阶段我们所学的状语从句主要包括:if引导的条件状语从句;when引导的时间状语从句;because引导的原因状语从句等。中考重点考查时间状语从句及条件状语从句的时态。即:条件状语从句和时间状语从句不用将来时表将来,而用一般现在时表将来。其用法常用于这几种结构:①当主句是一般将来时时;②当主句是祈使句时;③当主句的谓语动词含有can, may, must等情态动词时;④当主句的谓语动词是hope, wish(希望),want等动词时。对状语从句的考查要依题意选择连接词,尤其还要注意时态的变化。
　　中考重点考查宾语从句的时态及语序。宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序(即主。谓的语序);宾语从句的时态要和主句时态相呼应。当主句谓语动词是过去时的时候,宾语从句也要用相应的过去时态(即一般过去时。过去进行时。过去将来时或过去完成时)。具体来说:
　　1。如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作与主句的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,则从句谓语动词用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:
　　①He knew that he was (不用is) wrong.他知道他错了。
　　②Li Lei told me that he was getting ready for the exam these days.李雷告诉我这些日子他正准备考试。
　　2。如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之后,则从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如:
　　③My father said in the letter that he would (不用will) come to see me.我父亲在信中说他将来看我。
　　3。如果从句的谓语动词所表示的动作发生在主句的谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则从句须用过去完成时。如:
　　④He told me what he had seen(不用has seen).他告诉了我他所看到的东西。
　　另外,须注意Could you...。引导的句式,在这里不是表示过去时态,而是表示客气的请求。如:Could you tell me how I can (不用could)get to the post office。
　　如果宾语从句表示的是一个客观事实或真理时,其时态不受主句限制,而用一般现在时。如:
　　{5} Our teacher said light travels faster than sound.我们老师说光比声音传播得快。
　　{6} Mother told me the earth goes round the sun.妈妈告诉我地球绕着太阳转。
　　从句中有具体的表示过去的时间状语时,其时态不受主句限制而仍用一般过去时。如:
　　{7} Uncle Wang said that he was born in 1947.王叔叔说他生于1947年。
　　{8} He told me that our Party was founded in 1921.他告诉我我党是在1921年成立的。
　　近年来,不少中考题是将两类从句(宾语从句与状语从句)综合起来考查的。我们所学的知识中,if和when既可引导宾语从句,也可引导状语从句,两者容易混淆。请看:
　　{9} I will go out tomorrow if it is fine.
　　{10} I don't know if the train has arrived.
　　句{9}中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示"条件",修饰主句。整个句子的意思是"如果明天天气好,我们就出去。"句{10}中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don't know的宾语。整个句子的意思是"我不知道火车是否到了。"
　　从整个句式看,状语从句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面(除个别外),而宾语从句只能放在主句谓语动词之后。
　　从引导词看,if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,词义为"是否";充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,词义为"如果"。when充当宾语从句的连接词时,词义为"什么时候";充当从属连词,引导时间状语从句时,词义为"当……的时候"。
　　从时态看,if和when作连接词,引导宾语从句时,应注意:宾语从句中的谓语动词的时态应根据主句的谓语动词的时态作相应的变化;if和when充当从属连词,引导表示将来动作或状态的条件状语从句或时间状语从句时,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
　　【考题分类】
　　I.宾语从句专练
　　A.句型转换
　　1. When does the train arrive? Please tell me. (改为宾语从句)
　　Please tell me________ ________ ________ ________. (哈尔滨)
　　2. What does he do? Do you know…(改为宾语从句)
　　Do you know ________he________?(呼和浩特)
　　3. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.(改为宾语从句)
　　He asked the boys____ ____they ________fried chicken.(福州)
　　4. Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.(改为宾语从句)
　　I don't know ______the watch ________made in Shanghai.(贵阳)
　　5. A. "Do you want to try something new?" Tom's mother asked him.(同义句转换)
　　B. Tom's mother asked him________ ________ ________to try something new.(济南)
　　B.选择题
　　6. No one tells us________, so we need your help.
　　A. how should we do B. what should we do C. how to do it
　　D. what to do it
　　7. Could you tell me________。
　　A .where do you live B. who you are waiting for
　　C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in (大连)
　　8. Do you still remember________?
　　A. that he said B. what he said
　　C. did he say that D. what did he say (辽宁)
　　9. I can't understand ________the boy alone.
　　A. why she left B. why did she leave
　　C. why had she left D. why she had left (南京)
　　II.状语从句专练
　　A.句型转换
　　1. a) You must be quick. If not, you'll miss the early bus.
　　b) ________quick, ________ you'll miss the early bus.(呼和浩特)
　　2. a) Jim's mother let him watch TV after he finished his homework.
　　b) Jim's mother ________let him watch TV until he finished his homework. (福建泉州)
　　3. a) If you don't help me, I can't finish my work on time.
　　b) ________ ________help, I can't finish my work on time. (山东聊城)
　　4. a) If you play basketball here, you may break the windows.
　　b) _______play basketball here,________ you may break the windows.
　　B.选择题
　　5. If she ________take enough exercise, she will be ill.
　　A. isn't B. don't C. won't D. doesn't(福建泉州)
　　6. If he ______early tomorrow , he won't miss the first bus.
　　A. don't leave B. leaves C. will leave D. leave (青海)
　　7. He ________wait until the rain________.
　　A. won't, will stop B. won't, stop
　　C. will, stops D. will, will stop (南京)
　　III.宾语从句和状语从句的综合考查专练
　　1. -Mike wants to know if__ ____a picnic tomorrow.
　　-Yes. But if it__ ____, we'll visit the museum instead.
　　A. will rain B. will rain
　　C. rains D. rains (河北)
　　2. -Can you guess if they________ to play basketball with us?
　　& -I think they'll come if they________ free.
A. are B. will be
C. are D. will be
　　3. I don't know if he ________ tomorrow. If he________, I'll meet him.
　　A. comes B. comes
　　C. will come D. will come (山东威海)
　　4. I don't know if it ________ tomorrow. If it________, I will not go fishing.
　　A. rains B. will rain
　　C. rains D. will rain (呼和浩特)
　　参考答案：
　　I. A. 1.when the train arrives 2. what, does 3. if / whether, wanted 4. if / whether, was 5. if / whether he wanted B. 6-9 CBBD
　　　II. A. 1. Be, or 2.didn't 3. Without your 4. Don't, or B. 5-7 DBC
III. 1-4 ccac
初中英语宾语从句复习概略
宾语从句是初中英语一个重要的语法内容，同时它也是中考必考的容易失分的一个项目。 要学好宾语从句，必须掌握好它的基本概念，基本特点和有关难点。 基本概念：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它是众多从句中的一员，它在复合句中作主句谓语动词,介词或某些形容词的宾语。 I think (that) you will like the students. They often worry about whether they can get the jobs. 基本特点： 一 选择合适的连结词。 1．词that（在口语、非正式文体中可以省略，本身没有意义）。引导陈述句做宾语从句。如： I tell him that i have read the story. 2．连词if或whether（是否）；引导一般疑问句做宾语从句。 Do you know if he will go to school tomorrow? 3．代词who（作主语）、whom（作宾语）、whose（定语）、which（主语、定语）；连接副词when, why, how, where, (均作状语)。引导特殊疑问句做宾语从句。 He didn’t know when he would leave for Shanghai. 二.宾语从句要用陈述句语序。 所谓陈述句语序就是指宾语从句中主语一定要放在谓语动词之前。 (1_)主句（主语＋谓语vt）＋（that）从句（主语＋谓语……）； (2 )主句＋if/whether从句（主语＋谓语…）； (3)主句＋连接代词who/whom/whose/what/which+陈述句语序（主语＋谓语…）； （4）主句＋连接副词when/where/why/how+陈述句语序。使用时就注意连词的意义，是否担任成份。例如： 1）Can you hear___?
&a. what did he say b. that he said c. what he said 2)Can you tell me ? what’s your name ? & Can you tell me what __________________ ? 3)He didn’t understand .. Can this machine work? & He didn’t understand if this machine ____________. 初中英语宾语从句复习概略(2) 三．要遵循时态的一致性原则。 宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受主句谓语时态的制约，这种现象称为“时态的呼应”。 1.主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以使用各种时态。 2.主句是一般过去时，宾语从句时态要用与过 去相关的时态。比如，一般过去时，过去完成时，过去将来时等等。 He told me had collected three hundred stamps . 四．相关的难点及考点。 1．连结词that的省略。 在非正式场合下，that在引导宾语从句时可以省略
例如： I think (that) it is terrible. 但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 2．whether 不能换为if的情况。 He asked me whether or not I was thirsty. （该句中的whether不能换成if，因为if不能与or连用。） 3语序例外的特例。 What’s the matter ? 作为宾语从句时有两种情况。当它的解释是“怎么了？”时，语序不要变化。当它的解释是 “ 这是什么物质？”时，要变为陈述句语序。如： The teacher asked the students what the matter was. The teacher asked the students what was the matter ? 3．时态例外的特例。 尽管主句是一般过去时，但如果宾语从句 表示的是客观真理或自然现象，，其谓语时态则仍然一般现在时。如： The teacher told us light travels much faster than sound . Te said that the sun rises in the east. 5.宾语从句否定意义的转移。 在think , believe , suppose, imagine等动词所跟的宾语中，如果从句谓语是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移至主句谓语上去，而将从句谓语改为肯定形式。如： I don’t think he has time to play with girl. 6．关于反意疑问句。 在由宾语从句作为陈述部分的反意疑问句中，其疑问部分的构成方法是：“结构看从句，肯定否定看主句” 如： He thought it was late , wasn’t it ? 初中英语宾语从句复习概略(3) &7．宾语从句和状语从句的分辩。 在某些情况下，同学们容易混淆宾语从句和状语从句。如if 引导的宾语从句或状语从句。可以用以下方法来处理： 当if解释为“是否”时，其引导的是宾语从句。遵循宾语从句的时态规则。 He doesn’t know if the famous singer will come tomorrow. 当if解释为“如果”时，其引导的是条件状语从句。遵循的是“主将从一”的时态规则。 He will come if he has time tomorrow. 五.实践操练： 1．In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper _____ who moved my cheese was an interesting book． a．that b．how c．what d．if 2．―I don’t know _____ Mr．Green will come to see us． ―He will help us with our English．a．why b．when c．how d．where 3．―We never know _____ the old m an is． ―They say he is a teacher． && a．what b．who c．which d．where 4．I was told _____ Bill Gates was thirteen____ he began to play with computers． &&a．that, how b．how, that c．when ,that d．that, when 5．―Do you know _____ ？I’m going to see him． && ―Sorry，I don’t know． & a．where does Mr．Li live b．where did Mr．Li live & c．where Mr．Li lives d．where Mr．Li lived 6．―Where do you think _____ he _____ the computer？ && ―Sorry，I have no idea． a．／；bought b．has；bought c．did；buy d．does；buy 7．I don’t feel very well．Mum asked me _____ this morning． & a．what the matter is b．what is wrong
c．what the matter was d．what wrong was 8．―Where is jack？ & ―He is away to spend his holiday．He’s gone either to Hangzhou or to&&&& Wuhan，but I’m not sure _____ ． a．that b．which c．where d．there (以上题目选自全国各地中考试题) 9．Does it cost much money to fly to Beijing ? Could you tell me ?(合并为一个复合句) Could you tell me ___ it ____ much money to fly to Beijing ? 10. Some people wondered. have Mary and Alice reached the top first? (合并成一复合句) Some people wondered ____ Mary and Alice ____ reached the top first ____not. 11. Do you know ______? a. what time will the plane take off b. what time would the plane take off c. what time the plane will take off d. the plane will take off at what time 12．The manager came up to see _______. a. what was the matter b. what the matter was c. what the matter is d. what’s the matter 13. Nobody but Jim and his uncle ______. a. know who is he b.know who he is c.knows who is he d.knows who he is 14. Wang Hai told me __he didn’t go fishing yesterday. (how, why) 15.Can you tell me __else is going to be on duty? (who, whom) 16.She said _____it wouldn’t matter much.(that, if)
初中英语宾语从句复习概略(4) &17.He always thinks ___ can do better.(how, who) 18.I really don/t know _____ the bridge will be finished.(how long, how soon) 19.The teacher didn’t begin her class____ the students stopped talking. a．until b．because c．after d．when 20.If it ____ tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall. a．doesn’t rain b．wont rain c．not rains d．isn’t rain 21.Could you tell me ____ we get to the plane? a．how b．whether c．where d．what 22.When they got to the cinema, the film ___ for ten minutes. a．had been on b．has begun c．began d．had begun 23.The teacher says ___ she will leave a message on the headmasters desk. a．if b．who c．that d．what 24.、Lucy looks stronger ____Lily. a．than b.as c.then d．not as 25.I know nothing about it_____ he told me. a．because b．since c．until d．after 26.You must make your new house clean and safe ____ you move in. a．because b．when c．before d．until 27.I was ____tired ____I couldn’t walk on. a．so…that b．too…to c．very…that d．very…to 28.I thought he ____to see his mother if he ____time. a．will go…has b．will go …will have c．would go …would have d．would go …had 29. I hope he _______ (come) back in a week. 30.She said they ________ (know) each other for quite some time. 宾语从句与中考试题 1―4 d a a d 5―8 c a c c 9.if,costs10.if,had ,or11c 12．a 13.d 14.why 15.who 16that 17.how 18.how soon 19 a 20 a21.a22.a23.c 24.a 25.c 26.、c 27.a 28d29will come 30.had known
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　　网友评论：（只显示最新10条。评论内容只代表网友观点，与本站立场无关！）英语里将来完成时构成是will have (过去分词)，能不能将have改成be原型或者直接在ha_百度知道
英语里将来完成时构成是will have (过去分词)，能不能将have改成be原型或者直接在ha
如果可以的话什么情况可以改:the shop will have(换成be或直接加be)
closed befor you come.另外will＋have＋过去分词这样的用法在将来完成时是固定的用法吗，能不能将have改成be原型或者直接在have加be英语里将来完成时构成是will have (过去分词)？(英语初学者？例
提问者采纳
不可以 完成时里的have是助动词be是系动词 不能混为一谈will have done是一般将来时和现在完成时的合体是以将来的时刻为基准点到一段时间将要完成的动作
提问者评价
太给力了，你的回答完美地解决了我的问题，非常感谢！
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每周一练:动词的时态语态 (三)
来源：新东方网编辑整理
　　动词的时态语态(三)
　　时态：表示动作发生或存在状态以及表现方式的一种动词形式。
　　语态：用来说明主语和谓语之间关系的一种动词形式。
　　主动语态表示句子的主语是动作的执行者或行为的主体；
　　被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者或行为的对象
　　英语中，在不同时间，以不同的方式发生的动作或存在的状态要用动词的不同形式表现出来，动词的这些不同形式构成了动词的时态。一般来说，发生在现在的事情用现在的时态进行描述，发生在过去的事情，用过去的时态进行描述，将要发生的事情用将来的时态进行描述。英语中的时态共计16种，常用的有12种。
&&&&&&&& 时间
shall/ will work
should/ would work
am/ is/ are working
was/ were working
shall/ will be working
should/ would be working
have/ has worked
had worked
shall/ will have worked
should/ would have worked
have/ has been working
had been working
shall/ will have been working
should/ would have been working
　　在高中阶段，我们将会主要学习到的时态有：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时。本次课我们主要讲解现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、现在完成进行时
& & 一. 现在完成时
&&& 1. 基本结构
& & 肯定形式： have/has+done（过去分词）
&&& 否定形式： have/has+not+done（过去分词）
&&& 一般疑问句： Have/Has+…
&&& 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
&&& 2. 基本用法：
&&& ① 表示动作发生在过去，但其结果影响到现在，常用时间状语有：already, yet, now, just, by this time, so far, by now。（过发现影）
&&& 例：I have just come back from the United States.
&&& ② 表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在，还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有：all day, the whole day, up to now, all one's life, so far, in the past/ last few years, "since + 时间点"，"for + 时间段"。（过发持续）
&&& 例：I have been in the library for a whole morning.
&&& 3. 注意点：
&&& ① has gone to和has been to的区别（通常出现在对话中）
&& &&& has gone to 表示"已去了某地"。（现在还未回来）
& & && has been to 表示"过去曾去过某地"。（现在已不在该地）
&&& 例：A: Where have you been recently?
&& & && B: I have been to Tianjin. （人在现场）
&& &&&& A: Where is your father?
&& &&&& B: He has gone to the library. （人不在现场）
&&& ② 动词按其动作发生的方式?发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。
& & && 延续性动词表示动作的可持续性，可以和表示一段时间的状语。如：live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等。
&&&&&& 如：We have lived in China since 2001.自从2001年以来，我们一直住在中国。
&&&&&&&&&& You can keep the book for two weeks.你可以借用这本书两周。
&&& 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作一经发生立即结束，如：buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。
&&&&&&& 如：He has been here for five days. 他已经到这儿五天了。（这里不能用has arrived here）
T&&&&&&&&&& The film has been on for ten minutes. 电影已经开始十分钟了。（这里不能用has begun）
&&& 非延续性动词与一段时间连用时可采用下列三种方法：
1. 将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词
非延续性动词
延续性动词
begin/start
be away from
　　2. 将时间状语改为过去时间，用一般过去时代替现在完成时
　　误：The old man has died for eight years.
　　正：The old man died eight years ago.
　　3. 用句型It is +一段时间+since +从句（从句用过去时）
　　It is eight years since the old man died.
　　③ 用在时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，表示将来某个时间完成的动作
　　例：I will surf the Internet when I have finished all the housework.
　　④ 相关句型：
　　1. This/ That/ It is the first/ second/ …time (that)....意为"这/ 那是第几次……" "从句常用完成时态"为其时态的固定用法。主句为现在时，从句中用现在完成时。
　　例：This is the first time (that) she has been abroad. 这是她第一次出国。
　　2. This/That/It is the +形容词最高级+名词+that…意为这是…做过的最…的事情
　　例：This is the best film that I have seen. 这是我看过的最好看的电影。
　　3. "It is+段时间 + since从句"意为"自从….以来有多长时间了"，"多长时间没有做某事了"
　　例：It is 10 years since I came here. 我来这里已经十年了。
　　 &&& &It is 10 years since I worked in Xinjiang. 我不在新疆工作已经有十年了。
　　⑤ 一般过去时和现在完成时的区别
　　& for+一段时间：一般过去时V.S. 现在完成时
　　& 判断动作是否持续到现在：是- 现在完成时/现在完成进行时& 否- 一般过去时
　　1.&& &- Has Linda come back from Canada?
　　&& &&&& - Yes. She _____ there for eight years.
　　&& & A. has stayed&& &&& &B. stays&&& &&& &C. stayed&&& &&& &D. had stayed
　　&& &2.& Liu Fang is a company CEO now, but she ____ as a teacher in a middle school for three years. &
　　&& &A. worked&&&&&&&& &&& &B. has worked&& &&& &&& &C. works&&&& &&& &&& &D. had worked
　　&&&&& &&& &3.& --- Your family is moving to Hawaii? Why?
　　&&&&&&&&&&& --- We _______ about a change of scenery for some time.
　　A. have thought&& &&& &&& &B. had thought&&&&&&& &
　　C. think&& &&& &&& &D. thought
　　答案： C A A
　　二. 过去完成时
　　1. 基本结构
　　肯定形式：had+done
　　否定形式：had+not+done
　　一般疑问句：&& Had+…+done+…?
　　特殊疑问词：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
　　2. 用法
　　① 表示一个动作或一种状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束，即发生在"过去的过去"，注意：只有和过去某时间或某动作相比较时才能用到这一时态。常用用的时间状语有：by the end of,+过去时间，by that time, "before + 过去时间或从句"，"when + 从句"。
　　例：Most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
　　 &&& &The roa we hadn't thought of that.
　　② 表示过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去，常用的时间状语有："since + 过去时间点或从句"，"for + 时间段"。
　　例：I had worked in a car factory for two years before I came here.
　　③ hope, wish, plan, want, mean(意图)，intend, think, expect等用于过去完成时态，表示过去未曾实现的"计划、打算、企图、愿望、想法"等，多译为"本想（本打算、本以为）…."
　　例：I had planned to send you a birthday gift.
　　 &&& &The boy had meant to come in but we refused him.
　　3. 句型
　　① This/ That/ It is/ was the first/ second/ …time (that)....意为"这/ 那是第几次……" "从句常用完成时态"为其时态的固定用法。主句是过去时，从句用过去完成时。
　　例：That was the first time (that) she had been abroad. 那是她第一次出国。
　　② "It was + 段时间 + since从句"意为"自从….以来有多长时间了"，"多长时间没有做某事了" "主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时"为其时态的固定用法。
　　例：It was five years since I had seen the famous actress. 我已经有五年没有见到那位著名的女演员了。
　　③ "主句 + by the time + 从句"意为"到…..为止" "从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时"为其时态的固定用法。
　　例：The meeting had been over by the time we got there. 我们到达那里时会议已经结束了。
　　④& hardly…when/ no sooner…than 意为"刚（一）……就" "主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时"为其时态的固定用法。如：
　　例：Rose had hardly heard the news when she burst into tears. 罗斯一听到消息就哭了起来。
　　 &&& &We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. 我们一到达火车站，火车就启动了。
　　三. 将来完成时
　　1. 基本结构
　　肯定形式：sb shall/will have done sth
　　否定形式：sb shall/will have not done sth
　　一般疑问句：Shall/Will sb have done sth?
　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
　　2. 用法
　　将来完成时的结构是"shall/ will + have +动词的过去分词"，表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作，并对将来某一时间产生影响。常用时间状语有："before + 将来时间"，"by + 将来时间"，before 或 by the time 引导的现在时的从句。
　　例：We shall have finished the work by the end of next week.
　　3. 句型
　　"主句 + by the time + 从句"意为"到…..为止"
　　"从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时/一般将来时"为其时态的固定用法。
　　例：I will have finished all my work by the time you come back. 到你回来时，我将已经完成所有工作了。
　　四. 现在完成进行时
　　1. 基本结构
　　肯定形式：sb have/has been doing sth
　　否定形式：sb have/has not been doing sth
　　一般疑问句：Have/Has sb been doing sth?
　　特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句
　　2. 用法
　　现在完成进行时态多用延续性动词，如live, learn, lie, stay, sit, wait, stand, rest, study等，并常和all the time(一直)，this week, this month, all the morning, recently等状语以及since和for所引导的状语从句或短语连用（since和for连用时，动作常会继续下去）。
　　① 表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去
　　例：I have been learning English since three years ago. (动作可能会持续下去)
　　② 表示在说话时刻之前刚刚结束的动作
　　& We have been waiting for you for half an hour. (动作不再继续下去了)
　　3. 注意：现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别
　　现在完成时表示动作已完成，强调结果，而现在完成进行时侧重于动作尚未完成和仍在进行，强调的是动作。
　　例：I have read his latest book. 我已经读过他的新书。(动作已完成)
　　 &&& &I have been reading his latest book. 我一直在读他的新书。(动作未完成)
　　 &&& &She has stayed in Beijing for six weeks. 她已在北京呆了六周。(强调动作已完成)
　　 &&& &She has been staying in Beijing for six weeks. 她在北京呆了有六周了。(强调动作的持续性)
　　1. 观察下列例句，将序号填入对应用法之后的空白栏中
现在完成时
“过发现影”：过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，常与already，just，yet等连用
“过发持续”：过去发生的动作持续到现在，常与so far, until now, “for+时间段”，“since+时间点连用”
固定句型：
This/It is the first/second/last time that+现在完成时
This/It is the+形容词最高级+名词+that+现在完成时
过去完成时
“过去的过去”：表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，常与“by+过去时间”或“by the time+时间状语从句”连用
表示原本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。常用此结构的动词有hope, want, expect, think, mean, suppose, intend 等
用于no sooner… hardly… when的句型中
将来完成时
表示在将来的一个特定时刻将成为过去的动作或该时刻刚刚结束的动作，常与也可与“by+将来时间”或“by the time+现在时的时间状语从句”连用
现在完成进行时
表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去,常与“for+时间段”或者“since+时间点连用”
　　⑴ I received a letter from a friend yesterday. We had not heard from each other since 1990
　　⑵ I hope we'll have got the instructions (说明书) ready before you come tomorrow.
　　⑶ We had hoped to catch the 9:30 train, but we failed to.
　　⑷ I had no sooner returned than he called.
　　⑸ I have been waiting an hour and he still hasn't turned up.
　　⑹ I have cleaned the house. It's tidy now.
　　⑺ I have watched him several times.
　　⑻ It is the first time that I have visited the Beijing Zoo.
　　⑼ I am very tired. I have been working all morning.
　　⑽ We have discussed the topic (for) the last 3 weeks.
　　⑾ This is the most terrible movie that I have ever watched.
　　2. 单项选择
　　1. So far a large number of volunteers ______ in Ya'an to help the survivors.
　　A. have arrived &&& &B. are arriving& &&& &C. has arrived& &&& && &&& &D. is arriving
　　2. It was the first time that I _____ the movie, and I fell in love with it at once.
　　A. was watching&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &B. was watching&& &&& &
　　C. have watched& &&& &&& &&& && &&& &&& &D. had watched
　　3. Kate still can not go to school .She ______sick since last Monday .
　　A. had been& &&& &&& &B. was& &&& &C. has been &&& &&& &&& &D. is
　　4. Jonny, I can't believe how much you have changed! You _____ at least one foot!
　　A. grow&& &&& &&& &&& &B. grew&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &
　　C. have grown&& &&& &&& &D. are growing
　　5. --- How long did you own your first car?
　　& --- We ____ it for six months before it was stolen.
　　A. had owned&& &&& &B. owned&& &C. has owned&& &&& &&& &D. would own
　　6. --- Jack, do you know anything about Doctor Brown?
　　& --- I ______ to him for years. I don't see how anyone else could do better.
　　A. went&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &B. will go&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &
　　C. had gone&& &&& &&& & D. have been going
　　7. --- Have you received your new shoes?
　　& --- Yes. And at the same time I got the jacket I _____.
　　A. had ordered&& &&& &B. ordered&& &&& &C. have ordered&& &&& &D. order
　　8. --- Why do you want to apply for the position as a history teacher?
　　& --- This is the job that I ______.
　　A. looked for&& &&& &&& &B. had looked for&& &
　　C. will look for&& &&& &&& &D. have been looking for
　　9. --- Guess what? I happened to meet Johnson in the street last Friday.
　　& --- If my memory serves me correctly, you ____ each other for ages.
　　A. haven't seen && && B. hadn't seen && &&& &&& &C. didn't see && &&& &&& &D. don't see
　　10. When she entered the police station, she recognized the man who ______ her at once.
　　A. was attacking && &&& &&& &&& &B. attacked && &&& &&& &&& &
　　C. had attacked && &&& &&& &&& &&& &D. would attack
　　11. --- This is the most exciting movie I have ever watched.
　　&& --- Where did you get that DVD? I ______ to find it since last summer.
　　A. was trying&&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &B. tried&& &&& &
　　C. had tried& &&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &D. have been trying
　　12. With its rapid growth in population, the city _____in all directions in the last five years.
　　A. spreads && &B. had spread && &&& &C. spread && &&& &&& &D. has spread
　　13. Since he left our school last August, Mr. Newman ______ on a photography exhibition.
　　A. worked&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &B. is working\
　　C. had worked&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& &&& &&& &&& &&& &D. has been working
　　14. My father _____ away for two months．I want to do something special for him when he comes back next week.
　　A. will be& &&& &B. has been&&& &&& &&& &&& &C. was&&& &&& &&& &D. had been
　　15. --- The battery in my cell phone is running low.
　　&& --- I&&&&&&& that last night before we went to bed.
　　A. was noticing&& &&& &&& &&&& B. have noticed&& &&& &&& &
　　C. would notice&& &&& &&& &&&& D. had noticed
　　3. 翻译练习
　　① 到目前为止，我已到纽约去过三次。
　　 ___________________________________________________________________
　　&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&
　　② 这是她第一次读这本书。
　　___________________________________________________________________________
　　③ 当我们到达电影院的时候，电影已经结束了。
　　_________________________________________________________________________
　　④ 这是我迄今为止吃过的最好吃的汉堡。
　　___________________________________________________________________________
　　⑤ 到下个月末，我们将会完成所有的工程。
　　___________________________________________________________________________
　　⑥ 她一看到妈妈就哭了出来。
　　___________________________________________________________________________
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